Archi Vocabulary

by Marina Chumakina

The vocabulary contains 1254 meaning-word pairs from the recipient language Archi . The corresponding text chapter was published in the book "Loanwords in the World's Languages". The language page Archi contains a list of all loanwords arranged by donor languoid.

The word is given in the usual orthography or transcription, and in the usual citation form.

Click on a word to get even more information than is shown in this table.

The Loanword Typology code is the identifier of the Loanword Typology meaning. Sorting by LWT Code sorts the words thematically by semantic field.
This column shows the labels of the Loanword Typology meanings. By clicking on a meaning label, you get more information about the meaning, as well as a list of all words that are counterparts of that meaning.

There are five borrowed statuses, reflecting decreasing likelihood that the word is a loanword:

  1. clearly borrowed
  2. probably borrowed
  3. perhaps borrowed
  4. very little evidence for borrowing
  5. no evidence for borrowing
This is the time period during which the word is hypothesized to have come into the language as a loanword, or during which it is first attested, or for which it can be reconstructed.
This gives the usual written form for languages that do not use the Latin script.
For (possible) loanwords, this column shows the words in the source languages that served as models.
Word LWT Code Meaning Borrowed Status Original Script Source Words
[help] [help] [help] [help] [help] [help]
dunil 1.1 the world 1. clearly borrowed
naq'ʷ 1.21 the land 5. no evidence for borrowing
naqʼʷ 1.212 the soil 5. no evidence for borrowing
gun 1.213 the dust 3. perhaps borrowed
oˤbo 1.214 the mud 5. no evidence for borrowing
sarsi 1.215 the sand 5. no evidence for borrowing
mul 1.22 the mountain or hill 5. no evidence for borrowing
metːe 1.222 the cliff or precipice 2. probably borrowed
q’akul 1.23 the plain 1. clearly borrowed
q’a ( Lak )
q’akul 1.24 the valley 1. clearly borrowed
q’a ( Lak )
noχ 1.28 the cave 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːan 1.31 the water 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬat 1.32 the sea 5. no evidence for borrowing
oɬːutːut 1.322 calm 5. no evidence for borrowing
χːiriχ e<b>tːit:ub 1.323 rough(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
moɬ 1.324 the foam 3. perhaps borrowed
baˤri 1.33 the lake 1. clearly borrowed
baˤr ( Lak )
šːʷaˤltʼ 1.35 the wave 5. no evidence for borrowing
haˤtəra 1.36 the river or stream 2. probably borrowed
aˤtala ( Lak )
bikɬʷ 1.362 the whirlpool 5. no evidence for borrowing
zulu 1.37 the spring or well 2. probably borrowed
ɬamc'a 1.38 the swamp 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːan čaχːˤartːut mačʼ 1.39 the waterfall 5. no evidence for borrowing
χːʷak 1.41 the woods or forest 5. no evidence for borrowing
cʼaħan 1.43 the wood 2. probably borrowed
qʷˤen 1.44 the stone or rock 5. no evidence for borrowing
dunil χiriχkumul 1.45 the earthquake 5. no evidence for borrowing
dunil 1.51 the sky 1. clearly borrowed
barq 1.52 the sun 5. no evidence for borrowing
bac 1.53 the moon 5. no evidence for borrowing
χːˤološqˤan 1.54 the star 5. no evidence for borrowing
parəla 1.55 the lightning 2. probably borrowed
qut'i 1.56 the thunder 5. no evidence for borrowing
parəla 1.57 the bolt of lightning 2. probably borrowed
parəla 1.58 the storm 2. probably borrowed
χːˤološgértːi 1.59 the rainbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
akːon 1.61 the light 5. no evidence for borrowing
beckul 1.62 the darkness 1. clearly borrowed
bec ( Avar )
ejχˤurt 1.63 the shade or shadow 5. no evidence for borrowing
makʷ 1.64 the dew 5. no evidence for borrowing
hawa 1.71 the air 1. clearly borrowed
hawa 1.72 the wind 1. clearly borrowed
diɬʷ 1.73 the cloud 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʁʷˤalqˤi 1.74 the fog 3. perhaps borrowed
χːˤel 1.75 the rain 5. no evidence for borrowing
marχːəla 1.76 the snow 3. perhaps borrowed
qol 1.77 the ice 5. no evidence for borrowing
oˤrčas 1.775 to freeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
hawa 1.78 the weather 1. clearly borrowed
ocʼ 1.81 the fire 5. no evidence for borrowing
ocʼ 1.82 the flame 5. no evidence for borrowing
huqʼ 1.83 the smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
hil 1.831 the steam 5. no evidence for borrowing
diq'ˤ 1.84 the ash 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬ'uˤraˤmči 1.841 the embers 2. probably borrowed
okːas 1.851 to burn(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
okːas 1.852 to burn(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
k'ʷas 1.86 to light 5. no evidence for borrowing
aχˤas as 1.861 to extinguish 5. no evidence for borrowing
pilti 1.87 the match 1. clearly borrowed
k'uc'i 1.88 the firewood 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʼalaj 1.89 the charcoal 5. no evidence for borrowing
adam 2.1 the person 1. clearly borrowed
adam ( Arabic )
bošor 2.21 the man 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːonnol 2.22 the woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
mekɬe 2.23 male(1) 3. perhaps borrowed
ɬːenne 2.24 female(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mekɬe lo 2.25 the boy 5. no evidence for borrowing
žihil 2.251 the young man 1. clearly borrowed
ɬːenne lo 2.26 the girl 5. no evidence for borrowing
žihillur lo 2.261 the young woman 1. clearly borrowed
lo 2.27 the child(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
lo 2.28 the baby 5. no evidence for borrowing
bošor 2.31 the husband 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːonnol 2.32 the wife 5. no evidence for borrowing
asmus deqˤes 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːonnol dakras 2.33 to marry 5. no evidence for borrowing
oq 2.34 the wedding 4. very little evidence for borrowing
cʼor ačmul 2.341 the divorce 5. no evidence for borrowing
abtːu 2.35 the father 5. no evidence for borrowing
buwa 2.36 the mother 5. no evidence for borrowing
abaj 2.37 the parents 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːonnol orkatːu 2.38 the married man 5. no evidence for borrowing
asmus orqat:ur 2.39 the married woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
mekɬe lo 2.41 the son 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːenne lo 2.42 the daughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
lo 2.43 the child(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
ušdu 2.44 the brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
doːˤzu ušdu 2.444 the older brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’itːu ušdu 2.445 the younger brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
došdur 2.45 the sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
doːˤzur došdur 2.454 the older sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’itːur došdur 2.455 the younger sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'ʷˤét'u abutːib 2.458 the twins 5. no evidence for borrowing
dozja 2.46 the grandfather 5. no evidence for borrowing
χalatːu 2.461 the old man 5. no evidence for borrowing
dozba 2.47 the grandmother 5. no evidence for borrowing
χalatːur 2.471 the old woman 5. no evidence for borrowing
lahan lo 2.48 the grandson 5. no evidence for borrowing
lahan lo 2.49 the granddaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
lahan lo 2.5 the grandchild 5. no evidence for borrowing
dada 2.51 the uncle 5. no evidence for borrowing
dada 2.511 the mother's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
dada 2.512 the father's brother 5. no evidence for borrowing
baba 2.52 the aunt 5. no evidence for borrowing
baba 2.521 the mother's sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
baba 2.522 the father's sister 5. no evidence for borrowing
uš-mu-n lo 2.53 the nephew 5. no evidence for borrowing
došmin lo 2.53 the nephew 5. no evidence for borrowing
uš-mu-n lo 2.54 the niece 5. no evidence for borrowing
ušmun lo 2.541 the sibling’s child 5. no evidence for borrowing
došmin lo 2.541 the sibling’s child 5. no evidence for borrowing
šekertːu(r) 2.55 the cousin 5. no evidence for borrowing
nak’alij bokɬ 2.56 the ancestors 1. clearly borrowed
awlad 2.57 the descendants 1. clearly borrowed
awlad ( Avar )
wakɬʼad 2.61 the father-in-law (of a man) 1. clearly borrowed
wakɬʼad 2.611 the father-in-law (of a woman) 1. clearly borrowed
jakɬʼad 2.62 the mother-in-law (of a man) 1. clearly borrowed
jakɬʼad 2.621 the mother-in-law (of a woman) 1. clearly borrowed
nusdu 2.63 the son-in-law (of a man) 1. clearly borrowed
nus ( Avar )
nusdu 2.631 the son-in-law (of a woman) 1. clearly borrowed
nus ( Avar )
nusdur 2.64 the daughter-in-law (of a man) 1. clearly borrowed
nus ( Avar )
nusdur 2.641 the daughter-in-law (of a woman) 1. clearly borrowed
nus ( Avar )
biši dija 2.71 the stepfather 5. no evidence for borrowing
biši buwa 2.72 the stepmother 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬʼir χutːu lo 2.73 the stepson 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬʼir doχotːur lo 2.74 the stepdaughter 5. no evidence for borrowing
kulu lo 2.75 the orphan 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’orolaj 2.76 the widow 1. clearly borrowed
q’orol bošor 2.77 the widower 1. clearly borrowed
mačatːib 2.81 the relatives 4. very little evidence for borrowing
mačːa ( Lak )
χali 2.82 the family 5. no evidence for borrowing
zon 2.91 I 5. no evidence for borrowing
un 2.92 you (singular) 5. no evidence for borrowing
tow/tor/tob/tot 2.93 he/she/it 5. no evidence for borrowing
tow 2.931 he 5. no evidence for borrowing
tor 2.932 she 5. no evidence for borrowing
to-b, to-t 2.933 it 5. no evidence for borrowing
nen 2.94 we 5. no evidence for borrowing
nen 2.941 we (inclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
nen-t’u 2.942 we (exclusive) 5. no evidence for borrowing
žʷen 2.95 you (plural) 5. no evidence for borrowing
teb 2.96 they 5. no evidence for borrowing
ħawan 3.11 the animal 1. clearly borrowed
mekɬe 3.12 male(2) 3. perhaps borrowed
ɬːenne 3.13 female(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
bucːʼičʼabu 3.15 the livestock 5. no evidence for borrowing
mocor 3.16 the pasture 5. no evidence for borrowing
uɬdu 3.18 the herdsman 5. no evidence for borrowing улIду
doɬːum 3.19 the stable or stall 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʁatːəra 3.2 the cattle 1. clearly borrowed
ans 3.21 the bull 5. no evidence for borrowing
χˤon 3.23 the cow 5. no evidence for borrowing
biš 3.24 the calf 5. no evidence for borrowing
čʼan 3.25 the sheep 5. no evidence for borrowing
baˤkʼ 3.26 the ram 5. no evidence for borrowing
čʼan 3.28 the ewe 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬʼal 3.29 the lamb 5. no evidence for borrowing
qaban 3.32 the boar 1. clearly borrowed
qaban ( Azeri , uncertain)
qaban ( Kumyk , uncertain)
qaban ( Russian , uncertain)
boˤkɬʼ 3.34 the sow 5. no evidence for borrowing
boˤkɬʼ 3.35 the pig 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’aj 3.36 the goat 5. no evidence for borrowing
qʼon 3.37 the he-goat 5. no evidence for borrowing
motol 3.38 the kid 3. perhaps borrowed
noˤš 3.41 the horse 5. no evidence for borrowing
noˤš 3.42 the stallion 5. no evidence for borrowing
gʷaci 3.44 the mare 3. perhaps borrowed
uri 3.45 the foal or colt 2. probably borrowed
dogi 3.46 the donkey 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'urc'em 3.47 the mule 2. probably borrowed
ħeleku 3.55 the chicken 1. clearly borrowed
qaz 3.56 the goose 1. clearly borrowed
qaz ( Avar )
uˤrdek 3.57 the duck 1. clearly borrowed
urdek ( Azeri , uncertain)
urdek ( Kumyk , uncertain)
χal 3.58 the nest 5. no evidence for borrowing
nocʼ 3.581 the bird 2. probably borrowed
liqʼˤ 3.584 the eagle 3. perhaps borrowed
gʷetːum 3.585 the hawk 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'arq'i nocʼ 3.586 the vulture 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'eɬːibožo 3.591 the bat 5. no evidence for borrowing
qˤipiχˤan 3.593 the crow 5. no evidence for borrowing
χːurk' 3.594 the dove 5. no evidence for borrowing
isu 3.596 the owl 2. probably borrowed
gʷači 3.61 the dog 5. no evidence for borrowing
gatu 3.62 the cat 1. clearly borrowed
noqː'ˤon 3.63 the mouse or rat 5. no evidence for borrowing
χˤabχˤi 3.65 the fish 5. no evidence for borrowing
cal 3.652 the fin 5. no evidence for borrowing
χˤabχˤilin oj 3.655 the shell 5. no evidence for borrowing
jam 3.71 the wolf 2. probably borrowed
ʁalbac' 3.72 the lion 1. clearly borrowed
χːams 3.73 the bear 5. no evidence for borrowing
sːol 3.74 the fox 5. no evidence for borrowing
lilmučʼ 3.75 the deer 2. probably borrowed
mijmanak 3.76 the monkey 1. clearly borrowed
pil (1) 3.77 the elephant 1. clearly borrowed
pil ( Persian )
wanəra 3.78 the camel 2. probably borrowed
miliχˤutːu 3.81 the insect 5. no evidence for borrowing
nac’ 3.811 the head louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
nac’ 3.8112 the body louse 5. no evidence for borrowing
nat’ 3.812 the nit 5. no evidence for borrowing
č'in 3.813 the flea 5. no evidence for borrowing
jamdogi 3.814 the centipede 5. no evidence for borrowing
aq’rab 3.815 the scorpion 2. probably borrowed
zimzu 3.817 the ant 2. probably borrowed
k'ʷet' χʷarši 3.818 the spider 5. no evidence for borrowing
k'ʷet' χʷaršilin χal 3.819 the spider web 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’ant’ 3.82 the bee 5. no evidence for borrowing
χam 3.821 the beeswax 5. no evidence for borrowing
kulaj 3.822 the beehive 2. probably borrowed
ʕalχul t'ant' 3.823 the wasp 1. clearly borrowed
hilku 3.83 the fly 2. probably borrowed
k’ara 3.832 the mosquito 3. perhaps borrowed
χʷimc' 3.835 the tick 5. no evidence for borrowing
miliχˤu 3.84 the worm 5. no evidence for borrowing
jaˤt'i 3.85 the snake 3. perhaps borrowed
ojomči 3.863 the hare 5. no evidence for borrowing
qiri 3.91 the firefly 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’imic’əla 3.92 the butterfly 3. perhaps borrowed
apalχac'i 3.93 the grasshopper 5. no evidence for borrowing
χːˤelmin dogi 3.94 the snail 5. no evidence for borrowing
uˤrbət'i 3.95 the frog 1. clearly borrowed
uˤnšːəla 3.96 the lizard 5. no evidence for borrowing
iždaχa 3.97 the crocodile or alligator 1. clearly borrowed
q'alaq' uˤrbət'i 3.98 the turtle 1. clearly borrowed
čerχ 4.11 the body 5. no evidence for borrowing
ili 4.12 the skin or hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
akɬʼ 4.13 the flesh 5. no evidence for borrowing
č'aːˤri 4.14 the hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
moč'or 4.142 the beard 3. perhaps borrowed
čʼaːˤri 4.144 the body hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
peˤh 4.145 the pubic hair 5. no evidence for borrowing
bi 4.15 the blood 5. no evidence for borrowing
tenne 4.151 the vein or artery 5. no evidence for borrowing
lekːi 4.16 the bone 3. perhaps borrowed
barsːon 4.162 the rib 5. no evidence for borrowing
bat 4.17 the horn 5. no evidence for borrowing
oˤč 4.18 the tail 5. no evidence for borrowing
sːon 4.19 the back 5. no evidence for borrowing
sːon 4.191 the spine 5. no evidence for borrowing
kart’i 4.2 the head 5. no evidence for borrowing
oˤnt 4.2 the head 5. no evidence for borrowing
gundari 4.202 the skull 3. perhaps borrowed
iˤntim maj 4.203 the brain 5. no evidence for borrowing
maˤmərči 4.204 the face 3. perhaps borrowed
nodo 4.205 the forehead 1. clearly borrowed
nodo ( Avar )
čarχ 4.207 the jaw 1. clearly borrowed
eχˤ 4.208 the cheek 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬ'ir gʷarči 4.209 the chin 5. no evidence for borrowing
lur 4.21 the eye 3. perhaps borrowed
darcː'an 4.212 the eyebrow 2. probably borrowed
lullin dorki 4.213 the eyelid 5. no evidence for borrowing
lullin cal 4.214 the eyelash 5. no evidence for borrowing
parsbos 4.215 to blink 5. no evidence for borrowing
oj 4.22 the ear 5. no evidence for borrowing
zukɬʼəra 4.221 the earlobe 3. perhaps borrowed
qupun 4.222 the earwax 3. perhaps borrowed
muč 4.23 the nose 5. no evidence for borrowing
mučlin kɬan 4.231 the nostril 5. no evidence for borrowing
muˤl 4.232 the nasal mucus 3. perhaps borrowed
sːob 4.24 the mouth 5. no evidence for borrowing
muč 4.241 the beak 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʷetʼ 4.25 the lip 3. perhaps borrowed
mac 4.26 the tongue 2. probably borrowed
macʼ ( Avar )
sot 4.27 the tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
sana 4.271 the gums 5. no evidence for borrowing
gaˤnži 4.272 the molar tooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
oˤč'lekːi 4.28 the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
naqa 4.281 the nape of the neck 5. no evidence for borrowing
hanqʼ 4.29 the throat 5. no evidence for borrowing
qˤun 4.3 the shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬ’ol 4.301 the shoulderblade 5. no evidence for borrowing
nibzur 4.302 the collarbone 2. probably borrowed
χol 4.31 the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing
χilikɬ' mač' 4.312 the armpit 5. no evidence for borrowing
č'otχol 4.32 the elbow 5. no evidence for borrowing
zoˤk'noˤ 4.321 the wrist 3. perhaps borrowed
kul 4.33 the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
jaχat 4.331 the palm of the hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
gon 4.34 the finger 3. perhaps borrowed
beˤk'ərtːen gon 4.342 the thumb 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬ'ont'ol 4.344 the fingernail 5. no evidence for borrowing
χːeč 4.345 the claw 5. no evidence for borrowing
aq 4.35 the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
žara 4.351 the thigh 2. probably borrowed
noqː'ˤon 4.352 the calf of the leg 5. no evidence for borrowing
poˤmp 4.36 the knee 3. perhaps borrowed
aq 4.37 the foot 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’am 4.371 the ankle 5. no evidence for borrowing
šːik'ʷ 4.372 the heel 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːʷiri 4.374 the footprint 5. no evidence for borrowing
gon 4.38 the toe 3. perhaps borrowed
cal 4.392 the wing 5. no evidence for borrowing
cal 4.393 the feather 5. no evidence for borrowing
χatum 4.4 the chest 5. no evidence for borrowing
mam 4.41 the breast 5. no evidence for borrowing
dorki 4.412 the nipple or teat 3. perhaps borrowed
qʷal 4.42 the udder 4. very little evidence for borrowing
q:ʷar ( Lak )
cʼan 4.43 the navel 5. no evidence for borrowing
χˤurχˤu 4.431 the belly 5. no evidence for borrowing
ikʼʷ 4.44 the heart 5. no evidence for borrowing
χurtːurtːi 4.441 the lung 5. no evidence for borrowing
dilikʼ 4.45 the liver 3. perhaps borrowed
gʷat 4.451 the kidney 5. no evidence for borrowing
žan 4.452 the spleen 5. no evidence for borrowing
χˤurχˤu 4.46 the stomach 5. no evidence for borrowing
babkɬ'ʷ 4.461 the intestines or guts 5. no evidence for borrowing
žara 4.463 the hip 2. probably borrowed
dič’ 4.464 the buttocks 5. no evidence for borrowing
dam 4.465 the sinew or tendon 5. no evidence for borrowing
lahan nokɬʼ 4.47 the womb 5. no evidence for borrowing
ganga bičʼi 4.49 the testicles 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'ˤart'a 4.492 the penis 5. no evidence for borrowing
qʼˤutʼ 4.493 the vagina 5. no evidence for borrowing
haˤhbos 4.51 to breathe 5. no evidence for borrowing
hakɬ'bos 4.52 to yawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
herq'ˤbos 4.521 to hiccough 5. no evidence for borrowing
uħubos 4.53 to cough 5. no evidence for borrowing
aˤnšaˤ bos 4.54 to sneeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
amk’ ačas 4.55 to perspire 3. perhaps borrowed
tubus 4.56 to spit 5. no evidence for borrowing
χˤakɬ’bos 4.57 to vomit 5. no evidence for borrowing
haˤnčʼbos 4.58 to bite 5. no evidence for borrowing
lammus 4.59 to lick 3. perhaps borrowed
tut’ibus 4.591 to dribble 5. no evidence for borrowing
aχukes 4.61 to sleep 5. no evidence for borrowing
χːank'bos 4.612 to snore 5. no evidence for borrowing
mik’ir akːus 4.62 to dream 5. no evidence for borrowing
oˤč'mus 4.63 to wake up 5. no evidence for borrowing
cok’as 4.65 to piss 5. no evidence for borrowing
qippus 4.66 to shit 5. no evidence for borrowing
eˤhas 4.67 to have sex 5. no evidence for borrowing
asːas 4.68 to shiver 5. no evidence for borrowing
baˤraj aχas 4.69 to bathe 1. clearly borrowed
baˤri ( Lak )
lo as 4.71 to beget 5. no evidence for borrowing
as 4.72 to be born 5. no evidence for borrowing
lo lagilitːur 4.73 pregnant 5. no evidence for borrowing
qˤannub bekes 4.732 to conceive 5. no evidence for borrowing
čʼagu 4.74 to be alive 2. probably borrowed
ʕummar 4.741 the life 1. clearly borrowed
k’is 4.75 to die 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʷ’atːu 4.7501 dead 5. no evidence for borrowing
erq'ʷˤmus 4.751 to drown 5. no evidence for borrowing
ačas 4.76 to kill 5. no evidence for borrowing
zanazi 4.77 the corpse 1. clearly borrowed
χːamχːi 4.771 the carcass 1. clearly borrowed
lekːi eɬːas 4.78 to bury 5. no evidence for borrowing
sːar 4.79 the grave 5. no evidence for borrowing
bičʼ bitːu 4.81 strong 5. no evidence for borrowing
bičʼ bit’utːu 4.82 weak 5. no evidence for borrowing
saʁdu 4.83 healthy 2. probably borrowed
acː'ilinnu 4.84 sick/ill 5. no evidence for borrowing
χˤekul 4.843 the cold 5. no evidence for borrowing
acːʼi 4.844 the disease 5. no evidence for borrowing
šːaˤbi 4.85 the wound or sore 5. no evidence for borrowing
naˤkɬ' kumul 4.852 the bruise 5. no evidence for borrowing
babχˤmul 4.853 the swelling 5. no evidence for borrowing
gukːət’i 4.854 the itch 5. no evidence for borrowing
gukːəbos 4.8541 to scratch 5. no evidence for borrowing
pil (2) 4.855 the blister 1. clearly borrowed
pil ( Persian )
obkɬnitːub 4.856 the boil 5. no evidence for borrowing
sːin 4.857 the pus 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːʷiri 4.858 the scar 5. no evidence for borrowing
mu as 4.86 to cure 3. perhaps borrowed
tuχtʼur 4.87 the physician 1. clearly borrowed
duru 4.88 the medicine 2. probably borrowed
zahru 4.89 the poison 1. clearly borrowed
q'ˤásetːituː 4.91 tired 5. no evidence for borrowing
hil okɬmus 4.912 to rest 5. no evidence for borrowing
tampallu 4.92 lazy 1. clearly borrowed
č'egʷdu 4.93 bald 5. no evidence for borrowing
deʁdu 4.94 lame 5. no evidence for borrowing
eˤnkdu 4.95 deaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'uli 4.97 blind 5. no evidence for borrowing
cʼabutːu 4.98 drunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
č’ik’ijtːu 4.99 naked 5. no evidence for borrowing
kummus 5.11 to eat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kummul 5.12 the food 5. no evidence for borrowing
setːetːut 5.121 cooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
č'agutːut 5.122 raw 3. perhaps borrowed
oditːut 5.123 ripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
naˤkɬʼ-du-t 5.124 unripe 5. no evidence for borrowing
di etːitːut 5.125 rotten 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’abus 5.13 to drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
iqː'ˤa 5.14 to be hungry 5. no evidence for borrowing
iqː'ˤəkul 5.141 the famine 5. no evidence for borrowing
muqːʼa 5.15 to be thirsty 2. probably borrowed
oxas 5.16 to suck 5. no evidence for borrowing
č'aˤmmus 5.18 to chew 5. no evidence for borrowing
oqː'ˤas 5.181 to swallow 5. no evidence for borrowing
hanqː'a č'uˤmmus 5.19 to choke 5. no evidence for borrowing
sːubus 5.21 to cook 5. no evidence for borrowing
haˤršbos as 5.22 to boil 3. perhaps borrowed
čaras 5.23 to roast or fry 5. no evidence for borrowing
čaras 5.24 to bake 5. no evidence for borrowing
peč 5.25 the oven 1. clearly borrowed
kʼumkʼum 5.26 the pot 2. probably borrowed
čejdan 5.27 the kettle 1. clearly borrowed
čejdan ( Azeri , uncertain)
čejdan ( Kumyk , uncertain)
qʷan 5.28 the pan 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʼokʼ 5.31 the dish 2. probably borrowed
kʼočʼo 5.32 the plate 2. probably borrowed
t’as 5.33 the bowl 1. clearly borrowed
tas ( Persian )
čʼut 5.34 the jug/pitcher 5. no evidence for borrowing
gel 5.35 the cup 1. clearly borrowed
gel ( Avar )
pošqˤap 5.36 the saucer 1. clearly borrowed
poškap ( Azeri , uncertain)
poškap ( Kumyk , uncertain)
č'aq'ʷ 5.37 the spoon 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’os 5.38 the knife(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
his 5.39 the fork 2. probably borrowed
χacʼi 5.391 the tongs 5. no evidence for borrowing
kummul 5.41 the meal 5. no evidence for borrowing
akːonniɬutːut kummul 5.42 the breakfast 5. no evidence for borrowing
qilmin kumul 5.43 the lunch 2. probably borrowed
eqišamin kummul 5.45 the supper 5. no evidence for borrowing
č'uˤbaˤ as 5.46 to peel 5. no evidence for borrowing
cʼummus 5.47 to sieve or to strain 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬurbos 5.48 to scrape 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːoχˤas as 5.49 to stir or to mix 5. no evidence for borrowing
χːʷalli 5.51 the bread 5. no evidence for borrowing
χˤeχˤmul 5.53 the dough 5. no evidence for borrowing
šːuˤmmuˤs 5.54 to knead 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’un 5.55 the flour 5. no evidence for borrowing
aːtas 5.56 to crush or to grind 5. no evidence for borrowing
duχːˤat 5.57 the mill 5. no evidence for borrowing
lači bartːi 5.59 the pestle 5. no evidence for borrowing
akɬʼ 5.61 the meat 5. no evidence for borrowing
gurkːimmaj 5.63 the sausage 1. clearly borrowed
diqʼ 5.64 the soup 5. no evidence for borrowing
laq'ˤa čaq 5.66 the bean 5. no evidence for borrowing
oˤroˤs qʷˤib 5.7 the potato 5. no evidence for borrowing
aχəran 5.71 the fruit 3. perhaps borrowed
qʼʷil 5.712 the bunch 1. clearly borrowed
inžir 5.75 the fig 1. clearly borrowed
t’ummul 5.76 the grape 3. perhaps borrowed
arqˤut 5.77 the nut 5. no evidence for borrowing
semečkalin inχ 5.79 the oil 1. clearly borrowed
maj 5.791 the grease or fat 5. no evidence for borrowing
orχˤi 5.81 the salt 5. no evidence for borrowing
istihoti 5.82 the pepper 2. probably borrowed
imcʼ 5.84 the honey 5. no evidence for borrowing
čekar 5.85 the sugar 1. clearly borrowed
naˤkɬʼ 5.86 the milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
acas(1) 5.87 to milk 5. no evidence for borrowing
murtəla 5.88 the cheese 3. perhaps borrowed
inχ 5.89 the butter 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːammul 5.9 the drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
čiχir 5.92 the wine 1. clearly borrowed
čiχir ( Azeri , uncertain)
čiχir ( Kumyk , uncertain)
piva 5.93 the beer 1. clearly borrowed
χːalaj 5.94 the fermented drink 5. no evidence for borrowing
genuk 5.97 the egg 3. perhaps borrowed
genuklin χaχatːub 5.971 the yolk 5. no evidence for borrowing
asas 6.11 to put on 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’ob 6.12 the clothing or clothes 3. perhaps borrowed
dirzi 6.13 the tailor 1. clearly borrowed
tirzi ( Azeri , uncertain)
tirzi ( Kumyk , uncertain)
qʼumaš 6.21 the cloth 1. clearly borrowed
oɬ 6.22 the wool 5. no evidence for borrowing
ganabočʼor 6.23 the linen 3. perhaps borrowed
pampi 6.24 the cotton 1. clearly borrowed
daraj 6.25 the silk 1. clearly borrowed
warti 6.27 the felt 3. perhaps borrowed
χurum 6.29 the leather 1. clearly borrowed
qenzbos 6.31 to spin 5. no evidence for borrowing
tung taˤnk'uli 6.32 the spindle 5. no evidence for borrowing
at’as 6.33 to weave 5. no evidence for borrowing
marzu-kʼolor 6.34 the loom 2. probably borrowed
dubɬːas 6.35 to sew 5. no evidence for borrowing
t'ekɬ'on 6.36 the needle(1) 3. perhaps borrowed
dab 6.37 the awl 2. probably borrowed
kʷar 6.38 the thread 1. clearly borrowed
kʷar ( Avar )
ɬːubus 6.39 to dye 5. no evidence for borrowing
buzma 6.42 the (woman's) dress 2. probably borrowed
raˤhu 6.43 the coat 1. clearly borrowed
raˤhu ( Lak )
χˤošon 6.44 the shirt 5. no evidence for borrowing
oˤčʼi 6.45 the collar 5. no evidence for borrowing
jupka 6.46 the skirt 1. clearly borrowed
paˤtəla 6.48 the trousers 3. perhaps borrowed
imkɬʼəla 6.49 the sock or stocking 5. no evidence for borrowing
aqəltːəkan 6.51 the shoe 5. no evidence for borrowing
čakma 6.52 the boot 1. clearly borrowed
čakma ( Azeri , uncertain)
čakma ( Kumyk , uncertain)
aqəltːəkan arčartːu 6.54 the shoemaker 5. no evidence for borrowing
oˤntor 6.55 the hat or cap 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'ˤot'ol 6.57 the belt 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʷatʼi 6.58 the glove 1. clearly borrowed
pardaw 6.59 the veil 1. clearly borrowed
perdesi ( Azeri , uncertain)
perdesi ( Kumyk , uncertain)
< Unidentifiable ( Persian , uncertain)
žip 6.61 the pocket 2. probably borrowed
čʼor 6.62 the button 5. no evidence for borrowing
oˤntlit dabχartːub tʼekɬʼon 6.63 the pin 5. no evidence for borrowing
niq'ˤiš 6.71 the ornament or adornment 1. clearly borrowed
žawhar 6.72 the jewel 1. clearly borrowed
baʁəža 6.73 the ring 2. probably borrowed
gʷeniši 6.74 the bracelet 2. probably borrowed
χan 6.75 the necklace 5. no evidence for borrowing
sot 6.76 the bead 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʼuj 6.77 the earring 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʼaz 6.78 the headband or headdress 5. no evidence for borrowing
gatʼ 6.81 the handkerchief or rag 5. no evidence for borrowing
maˤmərči kul erkɬ'urtːut 6.82 the towel 5. no evidence for borrowing
daqˤ 6.91 the comb 5. no evidence for borrowing
gakːi 6.921 the plait/braid 3. perhaps borrowed
tenne (2) 6.94 the ointment 5. no evidence for borrowing
sːupun 6.95 the soap 1. clearly borrowed
subun ( Azeri , uncertain)
subun ( Kumyk , uncertain)
< Unidentifiable ( Persian , uncertain)
daχoni 6.96 the mirror 1. clearly borrowed
dahani ( Lak )
ʕummar abčas 7.11 to live 1. clearly borrowed
nokɬʼ 7.12 the house 5. no evidence for borrowing
pač 7.13 the hut 4. very little evidence for borrowing
čitir 7.14 the tent 1. clearly borrowed
čitir ( Azeri , uncertain)
čitir ( Kumyk , uncertain)
dikɬ'in 7.15 the yard or court 3. perhaps borrowed
čilinokɬʼ 7.17 the cookhouse 3. perhaps borrowed
nokɬʼ 7.21 the room 5. no evidence for borrowing
dakɬʼ 7.22 the door or gate 5. no evidence for borrowing
cet 7.221 the doorpost 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːerumk'ul 7.23 the lock 3. perhaps borrowed
noqː'ˤon (2) 7.231 the latch or door-bolt 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːerumk'ul 7.232 the padlock 3. perhaps borrowed
nak'əna 7.24 the key 3. perhaps borrowed
harakut 7.25 the window 2. probably borrowed
pol 7.26 the floor 1. clearly borrowed
pol ( Russian )
čʼeˤn 7.27 the wall 5. no evidence for borrowing
buχar 7.31 the fireplace 1. clearly borrowed
peč 7.32 the stove 1. clearly borrowed
buχar 7.33 the chimney 1. clearly borrowed
qˤošol 7.37 the ladder 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'ʷahərtːum 7.42 the bed 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬ'illíkɬ' berɬːi 7.421 the pillow 5. no evidence for borrowing
jurʁan 7.422 the blanket 1. clearly borrowed
yorgan ( Azeri , uncertain)
yorgan ( Kumyk , uncertain)
šeˤnt 7.43 the chair 2. probably borrowed
ustul 7.44 the table 1. clearly borrowed
čaraχ 7.45 the lamp or torch 1. clearly borrowed
sweča 7.46 the candle 1. clearly borrowed
k'alaroq' 7.47 the shelf 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’omo 7.48 the trough 5. no evidence for borrowing
harq 7.51 the roof 3. perhaps borrowed
χːat 7.54 the rafter 5. no evidence for borrowing
šaˤtːi 7.55 the beam 5. no evidence for borrowing
darcʼ 7.56 the post or pole 2. probably borrowed дарцI
qʼul 7.57 the board 5. no evidence for borrowing
kummur 7.58 the arch 3. perhaps borrowed
kirpič 7.62 the brick 1. clearly borrowed
šˤal 7.63 the mortar(2) 3. perhaps borrowed
uχ 8.12 the field 5. no evidence for borrowing
baʁ 8.13 the garden 1. clearly borrowed
ocis 8.15 to cultivate 5. no evidence for borrowing
čʼer 8.16 the fence 5. no evidence for borrowing
raq 8.17 the ditch 1. clearly borrowed
raq ( Avar )
hijbos 8.21 to plough/plow 5. no evidence for borrowing
raq 8.212 the furrow 1. clearly borrowed
raq ( Avar )
jaːχˤas 8.22 to dig 5. no evidence for borrowing
bel 8.23 the spade 1. clearly borrowed
bel ( Persian )
bel 8.24 the shovel 1. clearly borrowed
bel ( Persian )
pulungi 8.25 the hoe 2. probably borrowed
kis 8.26 the fork(2)/pitchfork 5. no evidence for borrowing
hoti gʷarqː'i 8.27 the rake 5. no evidence for borrowing
acas (2) 8.31 to sow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːʷin 8.311 the seed 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʁˤažbos 8.32 to mow 3. perhaps borrowed
aˤrum 8.33 the sickle or scythe 5. no evidence for borrowing
ikɬ ačas 8.34 to thresh 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’i 8.35 the threshing-floor 5. no evidence for borrowing
tiχil 8.41 the harvest 2. probably borrowed
buq’ 8.42 the grain 5. no evidence for borrowing
qoqol 8.43 the wheat 5. no evidence for borrowing
buqʼ 8.44 the barley 5. no evidence for borrowing
maχa 8.45 the rye 3. perhaps borrowed
niħu 8.46 the oats 2. probably borrowed
haˤžəla 8.47 the maize/corn 2. probably borrowed
birinž 8.48 the rice 1. clearly borrowed
hoti 8.51 the grass 5. no evidence for borrowing
čʼil 8.52 the hay 5. no evidence for borrowing
ačas 8.531 to plant 5. no evidence for borrowing
marχːu 8.54 the root 3. perhaps borrowed
χol 8.55 the branch 5. no evidence for borrowing
kačʼi 8.56 the leaf 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʼeˤ 8.57 the flower 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʷatʼ 8.6 the tree 3. perhaps borrowed
mokɬʼor 8.63 the birch 3. perhaps borrowed
kal 8.64 the pine 1. clearly borrowed
kal ( Avar )
qʼʷil 8.67 the vine 1. clearly borrowed
tutun 8.68 the tobacco 1. clearly borrowed
tutun ( Azeri , uncertain)
tutun ( Kumyk , uncertain)
p'ahbos 8.69 to smoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
muštʼukʼ 8.691 the pipe 1. clearly borrowed
dičʼ 8.72 the tree stump 5. no evidence for borrowing
χːara 8.73 the tree trunk 5. no evidence for borrowing
paqʼut 8.75 the bark 3. perhaps borrowed
banan 8.84 the banana 1. clearly borrowed
inžir 8.85 the banyan 1. clearly borrowed
qaqu 8.911 the millet or sorghum 2. probably borrowed
qabaq 8.93 the gourd 2. probably borrowed
qabaq 8.931 the pumpkin or squash 2. probably borrowed
mač 8.97 the nettle 3. perhaps borrowed
dogilin q'ʷíkːi 8.98 the mushroom 2. probably borrowed
tekɬ’on 8.993 the needle(2) 2. probably borrowed
as 9.11 to do 5. no evidence for borrowing
as 9.111 to make 5. no evidence for borrowing
ari 9.12 the work 5. no evidence for borrowing
gʷakːas 9.14 to bend 5. no evidence for borrowing
jatːik eɬːas 9.15 to fold 5. no evidence for borrowing
et’mus 9.16 to tie 5. no evidence for borrowing
oˤšas 9.161 to untie 5. no evidence for borrowing
daχːəza 9.18 the chain 3. perhaps borrowed
baˤkʼon 9.19 the rope 5. no evidence for borrowing
qerq 9.192 the knot 5. no evidence for borrowing
daχis 9.21 to strike or hit or beat 5. no evidence for borrowing
χikʼ daχis 9.211 to pound 5. no evidence for borrowing
atʼas 9.22 to cut 5. no evidence for borrowing
aːˤšas 9.221 to cut down 5. no evidence for borrowing
at’as 9.222 to chop 5. no evidence for borrowing
eq'ʷmus 9.223 to stab 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’os 9.23 the knife(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
jatːərsi 9.24 the scissors or shears 2. probably borrowed
tabərzan 9.25 the axe/ax 1. clearly borrowed
kʼiri 9.251 the adze 3. perhaps borrowed
aqˤas 9.26 to break 5. no evidence for borrowing
aqˤutːut 9.261 broken 5. no evidence for borrowing
aqˤas 9.27 to split 5. no evidence for borrowing
at’as 9.28 to tear 5. no evidence for borrowing
qʷekmus 9.29 to skin 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬurbos 9.31 to rub 5. no evidence for borrowing
li as 9.311 to wipe 3. perhaps borrowed
kɬummus 9.32 to stretch 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬummus 9.33 to pull 5. no evidence for borrowing
haˤrta as 9.34 to spread out 5. no evidence for borrowing
eχmus 9.341 to hang up 5. no evidence for borrowing
č'uˤmmus 9.342 to press 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’ʷerq’əbos 9.343 to squeeze 5. no evidence for borrowing
ecas 9.35 to pour 5. no evidence for borrowing
čučəbos 9.36 to wash 5. no evidence for borrowing
ekɬ'as 9.37 to sweep 5. no evidence for borrowing
mukːul 9.38 the broom 3. perhaps borrowed
alat 9.422 the tool 2. probably borrowed
c’aħannin ustar 9.43 the carpenter 1. clearly borrowed
ustar ( Avar )
as 9.44 to build 5. no evidence for borrowing
jaš ark’ʷmus 9.461 to hollow out 5. no evidence for borrowing
gardabil 9.48 the saw 2. probably borrowed
k’urt’a 9.49 the hammer 3. perhaps borrowed
marq'ʷˤ 9.5 the nail 5. no evidence for borrowing
sana (2) 9.56 the glue 2. probably borrowed
lacutːen ustar 9.6 the blacksmith 1. clearly borrowed
aːtas 9.61 to forge 5. no evidence for borrowing
rač 9.62 the anvil 1. clearly borrowed
rač ( Avar )
ecas 9.63 to cast 5. no evidence for borrowing
misertːu 9.64 the gold 5. no evidence for borrowing
arsi 9.65 the silver 5. no evidence for borrowing
karbat 9.66 the copper 2. probably borrowed
lacut 9.67 the iron 3. perhaps borrowed
tʼeˤčʼu 9.68 the lead 2. probably borrowed
eˤle 9.69 the tin or tinplate 3. perhaps borrowed
naq’ʷ 9.73 the clay 5. no evidence for borrowing
kabk 9.74 the glass 2. probably borrowed
χːummus 9.75 to weave or plait/braid 5. no evidence for borrowing
gubčitːi 9.76 the basket 4. very little evidence for borrowing
barsil gat’ 9.771 the rug 2. probably borrowed
ark’mus 9.81 to carve 5. no evidence for borrowing
moɬːo 9.84 the chisel 3. perhaps borrowed
sːir 9.88 the paint 1. clearly borrowed
sːir ( Avar )
sːir obkɬmus 9.89 to paint 1. clearly borrowed
čarχ 9.93 the whetstone 1. clearly borrowed
χːiriχ kes 10.11 to move 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʷekːis 10.12 to turn 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʷekːis 10.13 to turn around 5. no evidence for borrowing
gurias 10.14 to wrap 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʷekːis as 10.15 to roll 5. no evidence for borrowing
ekas as 10.16 to drop 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'ʷerq'əbos 10.17 to twist 5. no evidence for borrowing
χːas 10.21 to rise 5. no evidence for borrowing
jatːiχas 10.22 to raise or lift 5. no evidence for borrowing
ekas 10.23 to fall 5. no evidence for borrowing
k'ent'bos 10.24 to drip 5. no evidence for borrowing
caχas 10.25 to throw 5. no evidence for borrowing
sas 10.252 to catch 5. no evidence for borrowing
χːiriχ as 10.26 to shake 5. no evidence for borrowing
čaχˤbos 10.32 to flow 5. no evidence for borrowing
erq'ʷˤmus 10.33 to sink 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːan as 10.34 to float 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːan as 10.35 to swim 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːan caχas 10.352 to splash 5. no evidence for borrowing
parχbos 10.37 to fly 2. probably borrowed
hubus 10.38 to blow 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːurχˤbos 10.41 to crawl 5. no evidence for borrowing
poˤrčet ocis 10.412 to kneel 5. no evidence for borrowing
k'uc'illit q'ˤijq'is 10.413 to crouch 5. no evidence for borrowing
quršbos 10.42 to slide or slip 5. no evidence for borrowing
tankbos 10.43 to jump 5. no evidence for borrowing
qebus 10.44 to dance 5. no evidence for borrowing
qˤes 10.45 to walk 5. no evidence for borrowing
lank’bos 10.451 to limp 5. no evidence for borrowing
šˤes 10.46 to run 5. no evidence for borrowing
qˤes 10.47 to go 5. no evidence for borrowing
jatːiši qˤes 10.471 to go up 5. no evidence for borrowing
eχmus 10.472 to climb 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬʼaraši qˤes 10.473 to go down 5. no evidence for borrowing
čelleši qˤes 10.474 to go out 5. no evidence for borrowing
akɬis 10.48 to come 5. no evidence for borrowing
baq'ˤas 10.481 to come back 5. no evidence for borrowing
akːis 10.49 to leave 5. no evidence for borrowing
itʼkes 10.491 to disappear 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːummus 10.51 to flee 5. no evidence for borrowing
χir herqˤas 10.52 to follow 5. no evidence for borrowing
χir qˤes 10.53 to pursue 5. no evidence for borrowing
akɬis (1) 10.55 to arrive 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːʷak kes 10.56 to approach 5. no evidence for borrowing
qˤes 10.57 to enter 5. no evidence for borrowing
akɬis 10.58 to go or return home 5. no evidence for borrowing
sas 10.61 to carry 5. no evidence for borrowing
kura sas 10.612 to carry in hand 5. no evidence for borrowing
qˤuni abtis 10.613 to carry on shoulder 5. no evidence for borrowing
kart’ilit sas 10.614 to carry on head 5. no evidence for borrowing
xilikɬʼ sas 10.615 to carry under the arm 5. no evidence for borrowing
šːubus 10.62 to bring 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʼal as 10.63 to send 2. probably borrowed
karas 10.64 to lead 3. perhaps borrowed
niˤšiˤt oq’is 10.66 to ride 5. no evidence for borrowing
χit'bos 10.67 to push 5. no evidence for borrowing
deq’ˤ 10.71 the road 5. no evidence for borrowing
deqʼˤ 10.72 the path 5. no evidence for borrowing
qˤin 10.74 the bridge 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʕarba 10.75 the cart or wagon 1. clearly borrowed
gʷeniši 10.76 the wheel 2. probably borrowed
tung 10.77 the axle 2. probably borrowed
okɬʼ 10.78 the yoke 5. no evidence for borrowing
čanaʁi 10.79 the sledge/sled 1. clearly borrowed
gimi 10.81 the ship 1. clearly borrowed
gimi ( Avar )
gimi 10.83 the boat 1. clearly borrowed
gimi ( Avar )
i 11.11 to have 5. no evidence for borrowing
šːubus 11.13 to take 5. no evidence for borrowing
sas 11.14 to grasp 5. no evidence for borrowing
sas 11.15 to hold 5. no evidence for borrowing
akɬis (2) 11.16 to get 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’unas 11.17 to keep 3. perhaps borrowed
hekɬ’ena 11.18 the thing 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬos 11.21 to give 5. no evidence for borrowing
χaraši kɬos 11.22 to give back 5. no evidence for borrowing
cʼunas 11.24 to preserve 1. clearly borrowed
χustaras 11.25 to rescue 2. probably borrowed
dimmus as 11.27 to destroy 5. no evidence for borrowing
lias 11.28 to injure 2. probably borrowed
lias 11.29 to damage 2. probably borrowed
irkːus 11.31 to look for 5. no evidence for borrowing
χos 11.32 to find 5. no evidence for borrowing
itʼas 11.33 to lose 5. no evidence for borrowing
atis 11.34 to let go 5. no evidence for borrowing
arsi 11.43 the money 5. no evidence for borrowing
aˤpaˤsi 11.44 the coin 1. clearly borrowed
ɬaˤmatːu 11.51 rich 2. probably borrowed
misgin 11.52 poor 1. clearly borrowed
oq’ertːu 11.53 the beggar 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’urumnu 11.54 stingy 3. perhaps borrowed
qʼarzlis kɬos 11.61 to lend 1. clearly borrowed
qʼarzlis šːubuss 11.62 to borrow 1. clearly borrowed
qʼarzlis kes 11.63 to owe 1. clearly borrowed
χarž 11.64 the debt 1. clearly borrowed
xarž ( Avar )
kɬos 11.65 to pay 5. no evidence for borrowing
nuluk 11.69 the tax 1. clearly borrowed
sas 11.77 to hire 5. no evidence for borrowing
ħaq' 11.78 the wages 1. clearly borrowed
ħaq' ( Avar )
arsi as 11.79 to earn 5. no evidence for borrowing
šːubus (2) 11.81 to buy 5. no evidence for borrowing
okɬas 11.82 to sell 5. no evidence for borrowing
tukanči 11.84 the merchant 1. clearly borrowed
bazar 11.85 the market 1. clearly borrowed
tukan 11.86 the shop/store 1. clearly borrowed
qʼimat 11.87 the price 1. clearly borrowed
χːaratːut 11.88 expensive 3. perhaps borrowed
kɬʼarakdut 11.89 cheap 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'ˤas 11.91 to share 5. no evidence for borrowing
asmus 11.92 to weigh 5. no evidence for borrowing
χitːa 12.01 after 5. no evidence for borrowing
χir 12.011 behind 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːʷak 12.02 beside 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬʼarak 12.03 down 5. no evidence for borrowing
harak 12.04 before 3. perhaps borrowed
harak 12.041 in front of 3. perhaps borrowed
jak 12.05 inside 5. no evidence for borrowing
čelle 12.06 outside 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬʼarak 12.07 under 5. no evidence for borrowing
jatːik 12.08 up 5. no evidence for borrowing
jatːik 12.081 above 5. no evidence for borrowing
biqʼʷ 12.11 the place 5. no evidence for borrowing
eɬːas 12.12 to put 5. no evidence for borrowing
qʼiˤjqis 12.13 to sit 5. no evidence for borrowing
aχas 12.14 to lie down 5. no evidence for borrowing
ocis 12.15 to stand 5. no evidence for borrowing
eχːas 12.16 to remain 5. no evidence for borrowing
eχːutːut 12.17 the remains 5. no evidence for borrowing
gʷaqː'as 12.21 to gather 5. no evidence for borrowing
jatːiχas 12.212 to pick up 5. no evidence for borrowing
cʼunas 12.213 to pile up 1. clearly borrowed
šoˤrtal as 12.22 to join 3. perhaps borrowed
k’olmas 12.23 to separate 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'ˤas 12.232 to divide 5. no evidence for borrowing
dabɬas 12.24 to open 5. no evidence for borrowing
dakɬʼas 12.25 to shut 5. no evidence for borrowing
caqˤas 12.26 to cover 5. no evidence for borrowing
ačas 12.27 to hide 5. no evidence for borrowing
beːχutːut 12.31 high 3. perhaps borrowed
huːliši 12.32 low 3. perhaps borrowed
muč 12.33 the top 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʼan 12.34 the bottom 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’an 12.35 the end(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
bit:ut 12.352 pointed 5. no evidence for borrowing
sːob 12.353 the edge 5. no evidence for borrowing
bakʷ 12.36 the side 5. no evidence for borrowing
iʁˤda 12.37 the middle 5. no evidence for borrowing
oˤržut 12.41 right(1) 3. perhaps borrowed
qˤokdut 12.42 left 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːʷak 12.43 near 5. no evidence for borrowing
aχši 12.44 far 5. no evidence for borrowing
barq borkɬinnut raq 12.45 the east 1. clearly borrowed
raq ( Avar )
barq barčʼurtːut raq 12.46 the west 1. clearly borrowed
raq ( Avar )
qʼilba 12.48 the south 2. probably borrowed
qaba ( Arabic )
χːas 12.53 to grow 5. no evidence for borrowing
asmus 12.54 to measure 5. no evidence for borrowing
doˤzut 12.55 big 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʼitːut 12.56 small 5. no evidence for borrowing
aqatːut 12.57 long 5. no evidence for borrowing
aqatːut 12.58 tall 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuːt’atːut 12.59 short 1. clearly borrowed
kut’a ( Lak )
q’ʷatːut 12.61 wide 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'ʷˤaq'ˤartːu 12.62 narrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
diˤčatːut 12.63 thick 3. perhaps borrowed
k’alatːut 12.65 thin 3. perhaps borrowed
jakdut 12.67 deep 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’at:ut 12.71 flat 1. clearly borrowed
q’a ( Lak )
t’alatːut 12.73 straight 2. probably borrowed
kɬ'eɮdut 12.74 crooked 5. no evidence for borrowing
qarmaq 12.75 the hook 1. clearly borrowed
qarmaχ ( Azeri , uncertain)
qarmaχ ( Kumyk , uncertain)
kʼor 12.76 the corner 5. no evidence for borrowing
qanč 12.77 the cross 2. probably borrowed
tanχ 12.78 the square 1. clearly borrowed
tanχ ( Avar )
gukːitːut 12.81 round 1. clearly borrowed
gidu 12.82 the circle 2. probably borrowed
dump 12.83 the ball 2. probably borrowed
raq 12.84 the line 1. clearly borrowed
raq ( Avar )
kɬan 12.85 the hole 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːʷaːnatːut 12.92 similar 5. no evidence for borrowing
χːˤoro as 12.93 to change 5. no evidence for borrowing
nol 13 zero 1. clearly borrowed
nol ( Russian )
os 13.01 one 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'ʷˤe 13.02 two 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬeb 13.03 three 5. no evidence for borrowing
ebqʼ 13.04 four 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːo 13.05 five 5. no evidence for borrowing
diɬ 13.06 six 5. no evidence for borrowing
wikɬ 13.07 seven 5. no evidence for borrowing
mekɬe (2) 13.08 eight 5. no evidence for borrowing
učʼ 13.09 nine 5. no evidence for borrowing
wicʼ 13.1 ten 2. probably borrowed
mocʼorsa 13.101 eleven 5. no evidence for borrowing
moc’or q’ʷˤe 13.102 twelve 5. no evidence for borrowing
mocʼor ɬːo 13.103 fifteen 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’a 13.104 twenty 5. no evidence for borrowing
baˤš 13.105 a hundred 2. probably borrowed
baš ( Azeri , uncertain)
baš ( Kumyk , uncertain)
izarit’u 13.106 a thousand 3. perhaps borrowed
q'ˤummus 13.107 to count 5. no evidence for borrowing
marči 13.14 all 2. probably borrowed
labχanši 13.15 many 3. perhaps borrowed
t’inna 13.17 few 5. no evidence for borrowing
aχˤ 13.18 enough 5. no evidence for borrowing
šumehannut 13.181 some 5. no evidence for borrowing
labχankul 13.19 the crowd 3. perhaps borrowed
aːcʼutːut 13.21 full 5. no evidence for borrowing
aːč'at'utːut 13.22 empty 5. no evidence for borrowing
but’i 13.23 the part 1. clearly borrowed
mecː'e 13.231 the piece 3. perhaps borrowed
jarχullut 13.24 the half 5. no evidence for borrowing
os 13.33 only 5. no evidence for borrowing
sijt’u 13.331 alone 5. no evidence for borrowing
k'anarakdut 13.34 first 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’anχirdut 13.35 last 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'ʷˤebosdu 13.36 second 5. no evidence for borrowing
čut 13.37 the pair 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'ʷˤijla 13.38 twice/two times 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬebosdu 13.42 third 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬebila 13.44 three times 5. no evidence for borrowing
zaman 14.11 the time 1. clearly borrowed
bolo ħumillit 14.12 the age 1. clearly borrowed
macʼatːut 14.13 new 2. probably borrowed
žihillu 14.14 young 1. clearly borrowed
χalatːu 14.15 old 5. no evidence for borrowing
ditːaw 14.16 early 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːe 14.17 late 5. no evidence for borrowing
hinc 14.18 now 3. perhaps borrowed
minut ačutʼaw 14.19 immediately 1. clearly borrowed
χabkul 14.21 fast 5. no evidence for borrowing
oːk'ur 14.22 slow 5. no evidence for borrowing
χabkulas 14.23 to hurry 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːeši akɬis 14.24 to be late 5. no evidence for borrowing
bijeɬːas 14.25 to begin 5. no evidence for borrowing
awal 14.251 the beginning 1. clearly borrowed
awal ( Avar )
< awal ( Arabic )
laːχa kes 14.252 to last 5. no evidence for borrowing
laq’ukumul 14.26 the end(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
laq’ʷas 14.27 to finish 3. perhaps borrowed
ocis 14.28 to cease 5. no evidence for borrowing
ħadurtːu 14.29 ready 1. clearly borrowed
abadlaw 14.31 always 1. clearly borrowed
dunaːlu 14.32 often 1. clearly borrowed
osːos 14.33 sometimes 5. no evidence for borrowing
nesːen 14.331 soon 5. no evidence for borrowing
laːχatši 14.332 for a long time 3. perhaps borrowed
basahoːnu 14.34 never 5. no evidence for borrowing
jonsaw 14.35 again 3. perhaps borrowed
iq 14.41 the day(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
iq 14.411 the day(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
iš 14.42 the night 5. no evidence for borrowing
akːon caχmul 14.43 the dawn 5. no evidence for borrowing
margəč'em 14.46 the evening 2. probably borrowed
jasqi 14.47 today 2. probably borrowed
šutːa 14.48 tomorrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
osːut iqna 14.481 the day after tomorrow 5. no evidence for borrowing
sːanʁi 14.49 yesterday 2. probably borrowed
son ( Avar )
harakdumma 14.491 the day before yesterday 5. no evidence for borrowing
sːaʕat 14.51 the hour 1. clearly borrowed
sːaʕat 14.53 the clock 1. clearly borrowed
wikɬ 14.61 the week 5. no evidence for borrowing
alħat 14.62 Sunday 1. clearly borrowed
panidelnik 14.63 Monday 1. clearly borrowed
dalatːut iq 14.64 Tuesday 1. clearly borrowed
aˤrbatːut iq 14.65 Wednesday 1. clearly borrowed
četverg 14.66 Thursday 1. clearly borrowed
nuˤbžal iq 14.67 Friday 2. probably borrowed
deqʼˤlin iq 14.68 Saturday 5. no evidence for borrowing
bac 14.71 the month 5. no evidence for borrowing
sːan 14.73 the year 3. perhaps borrowed
q'ˤotːaqˤ 14.74 the winter 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬːánnaqˤ 14.75 the spring(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
sotːaqˤ 14.77 the autumn/fall 5. no evidence for borrowing
di caχas 15.21 to smell(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
sunt’bos 15.212 to sniff 5. no evidence for borrowing
sːuntʼbos 15.22 to smell(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
iːzut di 15.25 fragrant 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’anq’du 15.26 stinking 5. no evidence for borrowing
iːzut 15.35 sweet 5. no evidence for borrowing
orχˤilinnut 15.36 salty 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’ek’dut 15.37 bitter 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'ič'itːut 15.38 sour 5. no evidence for borrowing
kos 15.41 to hear 5. no evidence for borrowing
oj ačas 15.42 to listen 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’iʁtʼi 15.44 the sound or noise 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'iʁbotːut 15.45 loud 5. no evidence for borrowing
oɬːutːut 15.46 quiet 5. no evidence for borrowing
akːus 15.51 to see 5. no evidence for borrowing
sakːas 15.52 to look 5. no evidence for borrowing
akːus as 15.55 to show 5. no evidence for borrowing
akːon as 15.56 to shine 5. no evidence for borrowing
iqdut 15.57 bright 5. no evidence for borrowing
rang 15.61 the colour/color 1. clearly borrowed
< ræng ( Persian )
iqdut 15.62 light(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
mačʼatːut 15.63 dark 3. perhaps borrowed
čʼuˤbatːut 15.64 white 5. no evidence for borrowing
beχːˤetːut 15.65 black 5. no evidence for borrowing
jaˤt'annut 15.66 red 3. perhaps borrowed
naˤɮdut 15.67 blue 5. no evidence for borrowing
oˤlowtːut 15.68 green 3. perhaps borrowed
χaχatːut 15.69 yellow 5. no evidence for borrowing
sːas 15.71 to touch 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'ˤent'bos 15.712 to pinch 5. no evidence for borrowing
sini 15.72 to feel 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’anq’dut 15.74 hard 5. no evidence for borrowing
qˤannatːut 15.75 soft 3. perhaps borrowed
qarqatːut 15.76 rough(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
čula 15.77 smooth 5. no evidence for borrowing
bitːut 15.78 sharp 5. no evidence for borrowing
eχdat'utːut 15.79 blunt 5. no evidence for borrowing
iʁʷˤdut 15.81 heavy 5. no evidence for borrowing
sːalatːut 15.82 light(1) 3. perhaps borrowed
č'aːˤratːut 15.83 wet 5. no evidence for borrowing
qʼuretːut 15.84 dry 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʁilit:ut 15.85 hot 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʁilitːut 15.851 warm 5. no evidence for borrowing
χˤetːut 15.86 cold 5. no evidence for borrowing
marzut 15.87 clean 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'ˤábʁˤdut 15.88 dirty 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬ'okɬ'tːut 15.89 wrinkled 5. no evidence for borrowing
ruħ 16.11 the soul or spirit 1. clearly borrowed
ruħ ( Avar )
tamaːša itːut 16.15 surprised or astonished 1. clearly borrowed
talaħ 16.18 the good luck 1. clearly borrowed
talaħ bitʼu 16.19 the bad luck 1. clearly borrowed
χːʷaratːu 16.23 happy 1. clearly borrowed
χˤaras 16.25 to laugh 5. no evidence for borrowing
č'iq'ʷˤ kes 16.251 to smile 5. no evidence for borrowing
iχˤmul as 16.26 to play 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬ’an 16.27 to love 5. no evidence for borrowing
paʔbos 16.29 to kiss 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬot ačas 16.3 to embrace 5. no evidence for borrowing
acːʼi 16.31 the pain 5. no evidence for borrowing
pašmankul 16.32 the grief 1. clearly borrowed
laχːˤət'i 16.33 the anxiety 5. no evidence for borrowing
iɬːuk 16.34 to regret or be sorry 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’ibirkul 16.35 the pity 2. probably borrowed
ecas 16.37 to cry 5. no evidence for borrowing
nabq 16.38 the tear 3. perhaps borrowed
zagar abas 16.39 to groan 2. probably borrowed
beχːˤe kes 16.41 to hate 5. no evidence for borrowing
sːam 16.42 the anger 5. no evidence for borrowing
šːak 16.44 the envy or jealousy 3. perhaps borrowed
libχˤ 16.45 the shame 5. no evidence for borrowing
č‘uˤhdu 16.48 proud 1. clearly borrowed
saːsa kes 16.51 to dare 5. no evidence for borrowing
saːsatːu 16.52 brave 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬʼinčʼatʼi 16.53 the fear 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬʼinčʼatʼi 16.54 the danger 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬʼan 16.62 to want 5. no evidence for borrowing
ek’as 16.622 to choose 5. no evidence for borrowing
wiχkul as 16.63 to hope 5. no evidence for borrowing
ik’ʷ ostitːut 16.65 faithful 5. no evidence for borrowing
haʁdut 16.66 true 3. perhaps borrowed
kʷačʼet bos 16.67 to lie(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʷač'et 16.68 the deceit 5. no evidence for borrowing
jatːiχut č'ubus 16.69 to forgive 5. no evidence for borrowing
hibatːu 16.71 good 5. no evidence for borrowing
χːallut 16.72 bad 5. no evidence for borrowing
t’alatːut 16.73 right(2) 2. probably borrowed
q'ˤatːut 16.74 wrong 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʕejb 16.76 the fault 1. clearly borrowed
χatʼa 16.77 the mistake 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʕejb 16.78 the blame 1. clearly borrowed
cas 16.79 the praise 5. no evidence for borrowing
mutːut 16.81 beautiful 3. perhaps borrowed
ʕeleːžu 16.82 ugly 1. clearly borrowed
q’urumnu 16.83 greedy 3. perhaps borrowed
aq'ˤul bitːu 16.84 clever 5. no evidence for borrowing
aqʼˤul 17.11 the mind 5. no evidence for borrowing
arhas 17.13 to think(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
arhas 17.14 to think(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
wiχ 17.15 to believe 5. no evidence for borrowing вих
jaq’ˤan kes 17.16 to understand 3. perhaps borrowed
sini 17.17 to know 5. no evidence for borrowing
arhas 17.171 to guess 5. no evidence for borrowing
iq'ˤíl as 17.172 to imitate 3. perhaps borrowed
ik'mis ekas 17.18 to seem 5. no evidence for borrowing
maʕni 17.19 the idea 1. clearly borrowed
aq'ˤul bitːu 17.21 wise 5. no evidence for borrowing
albahdu 17.22 stupid 1. clearly borrowed
albah ( Lak )
albahdu 17.23 mad 1. clearly borrowed
albah ( Lak )
okɬmus 17.24 to learn 5. no evidence for borrowing
dars okɬmus 17.242 to study 1. clearly borrowed
dars ( Arabic )
dars eχmus as 17.25 to teach 1. clearly borrowed
dars ( Arabic )
orkɬinnu 17.26 the pupil 5. no evidence for borrowing
učitel 17.27 the teacher 1. clearly borrowed
učχol 17.28 the school 1. clearly borrowed
ik’mi eχːas 17.31 to remember 5. no evidence for borrowing
eχmus 17.32 to forget 5. no evidence for borrowing
jaq’annut 17.34 clear 5. no evidence for borrowing
jaq’antʼutːut 17.35 obscure 5. no evidence for borrowing
gulitːut 17.36 secret 3. perhaps borrowed
ik'ʷ ostitːut 17.37 certain 5. no evidence for borrowing
jaq’ˤan as 17.38 to explain 3. perhaps borrowed
ikʼmitːut 17.41 the intention 5. no evidence for borrowing
šart' 17.42 the cause 1. clearly borrowed
šːak 17.43 the doubt 3. perhaps borrowed
šːak kes 17.44 to suspect 1. clearly borrowed
šːak ( Avar )
kɬos 17.441 to betray 5. no evidence for borrowing
it'aw aχt'itːut 17.45 the need or necessity 5. no evidence for borrowing
halɬːatːut 17.46 easy 3. perhaps borrowed
balatːut 17.47 difficult 1. clearly borrowed
balah ( Avar )
kus 17.49 the manner 5. no evidence for borrowing
kuc ( Avar )
daki t’aši 17.52 because 5. no evidence for borrowing
nagah 17.53 if 1. clearly borrowed
ja 17.54 or 1. clearly borrowed
ya ( Persian )
hu 17.55 yes 5. no evidence for borrowing
tʼo 17.56 no 5. no evidence for borrowing
hanžugur 17.61 how? 3. perhaps borrowed
šumijtʼu 17.62 how many? 5. no evidence for borrowing
šumijtʼu 17.63 how much? 5. no evidence for borrowing
hani 17.64 what? 5. no evidence for borrowing
basa 17.65 when? 5. no evidence for borrowing
danna 17.66 where? 5. no evidence for borrowing
hannut 17.67 which? 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʷi 17.68 who? 5. no evidence for borrowing
daki 17.69 why? 5. no evidence for borrowing
hanq’ 18.11 the voice 5. no evidence for borrowing
χabus 18.12 to sing 5. no evidence for borrowing
q’iʁbos 18.13 to shout 5. no evidence for borrowing
šušbos 18.15 to whisper 5. no evidence for borrowing
burʁˤurbos 18.16 to mumble 5. no evidence for borrowing
šːʷit’bos 18.17 to whistle 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’irbos 18.18 to shriek 5. no evidence for borrowing
uwbos 18.19 to howl 5. no evidence for borrowing
bos 18.21 to speak or talk 5. no evidence for borrowing
ɬalsbos 18.211 to stutter or stammer 5. no evidence for borrowing
bos 18.22 to say 5. no evidence for borrowing
bos 18.221 to tell 5. no evidence for borrowing
k’elkes 18.23 to be silent 5. no evidence for borrowing
čʼat 18.24 the language 5. no evidence for borrowing
čʼat 18.26 the word 5. no evidence for borrowing
cʼor 18.28 the name 5. no evidence for borrowing
c'iχːəkes 18.31 to ask(1) 3. perhaps borrowed
žawab kɬos 18.32 to answer 1. clearly borrowed
žawab ( Avar )
muk’ar kes 18.33 to admit 1. clearly borrowed
tʼo bos 18.34 to deny 5. no evidence for borrowing
oq’ibos 18.35 to ask(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
čʼat kɬos 18.36 to promise 5. no evidence for borrowing
uwt’u bos 18.37 to refuse 5. no evidence for borrowing
ardigi bos 18.38 to forbid 5. no evidence for borrowing
duʕi abas 18.39 to scold 1. clearly borrowed
aʔbos 18.41 to call(1) 5. no evidence for borrowing
aʔbos 18.42 to call(2) 5. no evidence for borrowing
sinas 18.43 to announce 5. no evidence for borrowing
kɬ'inč'at'i kɬos 18.44 to threaten 5. no evidence for borrowing
cas 18.45 to boast 5. no evidence for borrowing
šias 18.51 to write 5. no evidence for borrowing
okɬmus 18.52 to read 5. no evidence for borrowing
kaʁəra 18.56 the paper 1. clearly borrowed
ručka 18.57 the pen 1. clearly borrowed
qʼonqʼ 18.61 the book 5. no evidence for borrowing
lagummul artːu 18.67 the poet 5. no evidence for borrowing
šʷitʼəla 18.71 the flute 5. no evidence for borrowing
parχ 18.72 the drum 3. perhaps borrowed
zirʁat'i 18.74 the rattle 5. no evidence for borrowing
ħukumat 19.11 the country 1. clearly borrowed
ulka 19.12 the native country 1. clearly borrowed
ulka ( Azeri , uncertain)
ulka ( Kumyk , uncertain)
šahru 19.15 the town 1. clearly borrowed
χˤor 19.16 the village 5. no evidence for borrowing
daˤzi 19.17 the boundary 4. very little evidence for borrowing
χalqʼ 19.21 the people 1. clearly borrowed
halq ( Arabic )
tuχum 19.23 the clan 3. perhaps borrowed
oˤnt 19.24 the chieftain 5. no evidence for borrowing
dali 19.25 the walking stick 4. very little evidence for borrowing
doˤzkul as 19.31 to rule or govern 5. no evidence for borrowing
parčaħ 19.32 the king 1. clearly borrowed
bika 19.33 the queen 1. clearly borrowed
bika ( Avar )
graždanin 19.37 the citizen 1. clearly borrowed
hallu 19.41 the master 2. probably borrowed
nukar 19.42 the slave 1. clearly borrowed
qarabaš 19.43 the servant 1. clearly borrowed
qarabaš ( Azeri , uncertain)
qarabaš ( Kumyk , uncertain)
χustaras 19.445 to liberate 2. probably borrowed
amur abas 19.45 to command or order 1. clearly borrowed
amur ( Avar )
botːut as 19.46 to obey 5. no evidence for borrowing
iχtijar kɬos 19.47 to permit 1. clearly borrowed
halmaχdu 19.51 the friend 1. clearly borrowed
dušman 19.52 the enemy 1. clearly borrowed
qʷat'linnu 19.54 the neighbour 5. no evidence for borrowing
sintʼutːu 19.55 the stranger 5. no evidence for borrowing
χːˤel (2) 19.56 the guest 5. no evidence for borrowing
hallu 19.57 the host 2. probably borrowed
kumak abas 19.58 to help 1. clearly borrowed
kömæk ( Azeri , uncertain)
kömæk ( Kumyk , uncertain)
mešajetkul as 19.59 to prevent 1. clearly borrowed
ʕadat 19.61 the custom 1. clearly borrowed
duʕi 19.62 the quarrel 1. clearly borrowed
bočʼat 19.63 the plot 5. no evidence for borrowing
deq’ˤlit χos 19.65 to meet 5. no evidence for borrowing
qʼˤahba 19.72 the prostitute 1. clearly borrowed
anχ as 20.11 to fight 5. no evidence for borrowing
anχ 20.13 the war or battle 5. no evidence for borrowing
q'uc'mul 20.14 the peace 5. no evidence for borrowing
armi 20.15 the army 1. clearly borrowed
sallat’ 20.17 the soldier 1. clearly borrowed
jaraʁ 20.21 the weapons 1. clearly borrowed
jaraʁ ( Avar )
dudinka 20.22 the club 1. clearly borrowed
tumank 20.28 the gun 1. clearly borrowed
tumank ( Azeri , uncertain)
tumank ( Kumyk , uncertain)
qala 20.35 the fortress 1. clearly borrowed
qala ( Azeri , uncertain)
qala ( Kumyk , uncertain)
c’ut 20.36 the tower 5. no evidence for borrowing
χeχmul 20.41 the victory 5. no evidence for borrowing
oq’ˤmul 20.42 the defeat 5. no evidence for borrowing
hužum abas 20.43 the attack 1. clearly borrowed
hužum ( Avar )
cʼunas 20.44 to defend 1. clearly borrowed
χaraši qˤes 20.45 to retreat 5. no evidence for borrowing
kurak qˤes 20.46 to surrender 5. no evidence for borrowing
pelennin sutːu 20.47 the captive or prisoner 1. clearly borrowed
oχran 20.471 the guard 1. clearly borrowed
duwli 20.48 the booty 3. perhaps borrowed
ačuna q'ˤijq'is 20.49 the ambush 5. no evidence for borrowing
qarmaq 20.52 the fishhook 1. clearly borrowed
qarmaχ ( Azeri , uncertain)
qarmaχ ( Kumyk , uncertain)
χˤabχˤilin kʷar 20.53 the fishing line 1. clearly borrowed
kʷar ( Avar )
tol 20.54 the fishnet 3. perhaps borrowed
boχːˤo qˤes 20.61 to hunt 5. no evidence for borrowing
kammus 20.62 to shoot 5. no evidence for borrowing
eˤčʼ sotʼu eχːas 20.63 to miss 5. no evidence for borrowing
χːon 20.64 the trap 5. no evidence for borrowing
sas 20.65 to trap 5. no evidence for borrowing
zukʼun 21.11 the law 1. clearly borrowed
sud 21.15 the court 1. clearly borrowed
sud ( Russian )
sud abas 21.16 to adjudicate 1. clearly borrowed
sud ( Russian )
sudlin maʕni 21.17 the judgment 1. clearly borrowed
sudja 21.18 the judge 1. clearly borrowed
ħarza bokɬotːu 21.21 the plaintiff 1. clearly borrowed
ħarza ( Avar )
žawab kɬordu 21.22 the defendant 1. clearly borrowed
žawab ( Avar )
baq'ərənnu 21.23 the witness 2. probably borrowed
χʷetːas 21.24 to swear 5. no evidence for borrowing
χʷetːi 21.25 the oath 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʕejb as 21.31 to accuse 1. clearly borrowed
tusnaqʼ abtʼas 21.32 to condemn 1. clearly borrowed
ʕejb i bos 21.33 to convict 1. clearly borrowed
ʕejb itʼukul ocis as 21.34 to acquit 1. clearly borrowed
ʕejb itːu 21.35 guilty 1. clearly borrowed
ʕejb it’utːu 21.36 innocent 1. clearly borrowed
tempiħ 21.37 the penalty or punishment 1. clearly borrowed
tamiħ ( Avar )
ištarap 21.38 the fine 1. clearly borrowed
tusnaqʼ 21.39 the prison 2. probably borrowed
ačmul 21.42 the murder 5. no evidence for borrowing
zina 21.43 the adultery 1. clearly borrowed
ʕelečʼ as 21.44 the rape 1. clearly borrowed
okmul 21.46 the arson 5. no evidence for borrowing
kʷačʼetːut baqʼarankul 21.47 the perjury 5. no evidence for borrowing
eɬas 21.51 to steal 5. no evidence for borrowing
c’ohor 21.52 the thief 1. clearly borrowed
din 22.11 the religion 1. clearly borrowed
allah 22.12 the god 1. clearly borrowed
allah ( Avar )
kilisa 22.131 the church 1. clearly borrowed
kilisa ( Avar )
mižgil 22.132 the mosque 1. clearly borrowed
qʼurban 22.15 the sacrifice 1. clearly borrowed
makak abas 22.17 to pray 2. probably borrowed
kišiš 22.18 the priest 2. probably borrowed
dinislam ɬːas 22.22 to preach 1. clearly borrowed
sːob sas 22.26 to fast 5. no evidence for borrowing
alšun 22.31 the heaven 1. clearly borrowed
dužgi 22.32 the hell 1. clearly borrowed
ilbis 22.35 the demon 1. clearly borrowed
sːob etʼmus 22.42 the magic 5. no evidence for borrowing
qartaj 22.43 the sorcerer or witch 1. clearly borrowed
qart ( Avar )
ħurulʕen 22.44 the fairy or elf 1. clearly borrowed
haraxut eɬmul 22.45 the ghost 5. no evidence for borrowing
ʕalaːmat 22.47 the omen 1. clearly borrowed
sːunnat 22.5 the circumcision 1. clearly borrowed
radio 23.1 the radio 1. clearly borrowed
tilipun 23.12 the telephone 1. clearly borrowed
welesepet 23.13 the bicycle 1. clearly borrowed
matacik 23.135 the motorcycle 1. clearly borrowed
mišin 23.14 the car 1. clearly borrowed
awtːabus 23.15 the bus 1. clearly borrowed
samalot 23.16 the airplane 1. clearly borrowed
tok 23.17 the electricity 1. clearly borrowed
tok ( Russian )
batarejka 23.175 the battery 1. clearly borrowed
motor 23.185 the motor 1. clearly borrowed
bərzin 23.195 the petroleum 1. clearly borrowed
bindici 23.2 the hospital 1. clearly borrowed
ukol 23.23 the injection 1. clearly borrowed
ħukumat 23.3 the government 1. clearly borrowed
president 23.31 the president 1. clearly borrowed
milici 23.33 the police 1. clearly borrowed
rišːitːu 23.38 the election 1. clearly borrowed
adris 23.385 the address 1. clearly borrowed
tariχ 23.39 the number 1. clearly borrowed
q'ʷat 23.395 the street 5. no evidence for borrowing
marka 23.41 the postage stamp 1. clearly borrowed
kaʁəra 23.42 the letter 1. clearly borrowed
bank 23.44 the bank 1. clearly borrowed
ħažaχana 23.52 the toilet 1. clearly borrowed
burma 23.55 the screw 1. clearly borrowed
burma ( Azeri , uncertain)
burma ( Kumyk , uncertain)
atworka 23.555 the screwdriver 1. clearly borrowed
šuša 23.56 the bottle 1. clearly borrowed
guruč’an 23.565 the candy/sweets 2. probably borrowed
qilin 23.59 the cigarette 2. probably borrowed
gazet 23.6 the newspaper 1. clearly borrowed
kino 23.62 the film/movie 1. clearly borrowed
lagum 23.64 the song 2. probably borrowed
čij 23.9 the tea 1. clearly borrowed
kope 23.91 the coffee 1. clearly borrowed
i 24.01 to be 5. no evidence for borrowing
kes 24.02 to become 5. no evidence for borrowing
jamu 24.07 this 5. no evidence for borrowing
tow 24.08 that 5. no evidence for borrowing
išik 24.09 here 5. no evidence for borrowing
imik 24.1 there 5. no evidence for borrowing
osːut 24.11 other 5. no evidence for borrowing
χirtːut 24.12 next 5. no evidence for borrowing
nac’ (2) 24.14 nothing 3. perhaps borrowed