Lydham (Holy Trinity)
LYDHAM (Holy Trinity), a parish, in the union
of Clun, partly in the hundred and county of Montgomery, but chiefly in the hundred of Purslow, S.
division of Salop, 2 miles (N. N. E.) from Bishop'sCastle; the English portion containing 128 inhabitants.
The parish is situated on the west of the road from
Bishop's-Castle to Shrewsbury, and comprises about
4000 acres: the river Camlet rises in it. The living is a
rectory, valued in the king's books at £10; net income,
£463; patron, Sir H. Oakeley: the glebe contains 40
acres of land.
Lydiard-Tregoz.—See Liddiard-Tregooze.
LYDIARD-TREGOZ.—See Liddiard-Tregooze.
Lydiate
LYDIATE, a township, in the parish of Halsall,
union of Ormskirk, hundred of West Derby, S. division of the county of Lancaster, 3½ miles (S. W. by W.)
from Ormskirk; containing 848 inhabitants. In the
reign of Richard II., this place was possessed by a family
of the local name, whose heiress married into the Blackburn family; and an heiress of the latter conveyed Lydiate to Thomas, son of Sir John Ireland, of the Hutt,
and Hale. The Irelands continued to hold the property
till the latter part of the 17th century; in the middle of
that century, Lawrence Ireland, the then proprietor of
Lydiate, had two daughters, one of whom was married
to Sir Charles Anderton, of Lostock, who died in 1691,
leaving his widow with five sons and a daughter. The
two eldest of the sons died young; the third became a
Benedictine monk, and the fourth, Francis, risked his
fortune and life in the cause of the Stuarts, in 1715:
after the battle of Preston he was attainted, but his life
was spared; and being liberated from prison, he resided
at Lydiate with his mother until her death in 1720, and
possessed the property until his own decease in 1760,
having survived all his brothers. Their sister had
married Henry Blundell of Ince-Blundell, and in 1700
she became the mother of Robert Blundell, who, on the
death of his uncle, took possession of Lydiate, which
has since continued in the Ince-Blundell family.
The township comprises by computation 850 acres of
arable, 972 of meadow and pasture, and 6 acres of
woodland. The soil is in a high state of cultivation,
from the abundant supply of excellent town manure.
The surface is generally flat, broken occasionally by
eminences affording extensive views of the valley between
the Ribble and the Dee, and of the bold mountainous
range of North Wales, with the shipping in the offing of
the Mersey. The road from Preston to Liverpool, and
the Leeds and Liverpool canal, intersect the township;
and the Sudell brook, a small tributary to the river Alt,
winds through it. The Liverpool, Ormskirk, and Preston railway passes within a mile and a half, at the
Aughton station. Lydiate Hall was built, or, more properly, renewed, in the 16th century, though portions of
it indicate a later date; it was of quadrangular form,
but the front, becoming greatly dilapidated, was taken
down about seventy years ago. The interior presents
several objects of interest to the antiquary, ancient
sculptured effigies of saints and martyrs, carved oak,
richly-traced cornices, and other details; the upper
rooms of the central part have been thrown into one,
now used as a Roman Catholic chapel, and it is said
that ever since the Reformation the Roman Catholics
of the district have resorted to the Hall for the exercise
of religious worship. Fir-Grove, a well-wooded seat, is
the property of Peter Bretherton, Esq., and the residence
of his mother.
A church was built in 1841, at Lydiate-Cross, at a
cost of £1500, raised by subscription. It is a stone
edifice, in the early English style, with a square tower,
and contains 450 sittings, whereof one-third are free;
the organ and the communion-plate were gifts, but no
name of a donor is recorded. A district has been assigned to this church, consisting of parts of Lydiate and
Down-Holland, and containing a population of 1130:
the living is in the gift of the Rector of Halsall. There
is a parsonage-house; also a daily and Sunday school.
John Goare, in 1669, bequeathed the rents of certain
estates, now producing nearly £100 per annum, to be
distributed half yearly among the poor of the township;
and there is a self-supporting clothing society. Here is
a picturesque little ruined chapel, erroneously called by
the people Lydiate Abbey, erected in the latter part of
the 15th or beginning of the 16th century; it seems to
have been originally intended for the convenience of the
family and immediate neighbourhood, owing to the distance of the parish church. The tower is in tolerably
good preservation, but the roof of the building has entirely disappeared; its low pitch, however, is clearly
ascertained by the moulding still remaining against the
east wall of the tower.
Lydlinch (St. Thomas)
LYDLINCH (St. Thomas), a parish, in the union
of Sturminster, hundred of Sherborne, Sturminster
division of Dorset, 3 miles (W. by S.) from Sturminster; containing 419 inhabitants. The parish comprises
2448a. 1r. 35p., of which 149 are common or waste
land. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's books
at £14. 5. 10., and in the gift of F. W. Fane, Esq.: the
tithes of Lydlinch have been commuted for £440, and
those due from the parishes of West Parley and Horton
for £60; the glebe contains 63 acres, with a house. The
church was thoroughly repaired in 1839, when a handsome carved roof of oak was added at the expense of the
rector and the proprietors of land.
Lydney, county of Gloucester.—See Lidney.
LYDNEY, county of Gloucester.—See Lidney.
Lye, The
LYE, The, an ecclesiastical district, in the parish of
Old Swinford, union of Stourbridge, Lower division
of the hundred of Halfshire, county of Worcester,
2 miles (E.) from Stourbridge, on the road to Birmingham; containing about 6000 inhabitants. It comprises,
with Wollescott, which lies within the district, 645 acres,
whereof 240 are in the township of Lye: the surface is
very much undulated, and the soil clayey. There are
mines of coal and ironstone; and here is obtained the
celebrated clay, called Stourbridge clay, for fire-bricks,
crucibles, glass-house pots, gas-retorts, &c. The principal firms for these articles are, Messrs. Joseph and
William King, Mr. Francis Rufford, Messrs. Davies and
Hickman, and Mr. Richard Brettel. Immense quantities of nails are made, as also chain-cables, scythes,
spades, anvils, vices, and similar articles; in these
branches of manufacture the chief firms are, Messrs. T.
and J. Pargeter, Wood Brothers, and Everson and Son.
The church, dedicated to Christ, was erected in 1813,
by the late Thomas Hill, Esq., of Dennis House, Staffordshire, at the cost of £10,000. The living, a perpetual curacy, was endowed by Mr. Hill with land producing £200 a year; he also built the parsonage-house:
the Rev. Melsop Hill, M.A., grandson of the founder,
is the present minister. There are places of worship
for Baptists, Independents, and Wesleyans; and a
national school, attached to the church, is supported by
subscription.
Lye, Nether
LYE, NETHER, a township, in the parish of Aymestry, union of Leominster, hundred of Wigmore,
county of Hereford, 6 miles (E. by N.) from the town
of Presteign; containing 149 inhabitants.
Lye, Over
LYE, OVER, a township, in the parish of Aymestry, union of Leominster, hundred of Stretford,
county of Hereford; containing 88 inhabitants.
Lyford
LYFORD, a chapelry district, in the parish of West
Hanney, union of Abingdon, hundred of Ock, county
of Berks, 4 miles (N.) from Wantage; containing 147
inhabitants. It comprises 744 acres by admeasurement;
the surface is flat, and the soil in some parts clayey, but
in general a deep rich black earth. The living is in the
gift of Worcester College, Oxford. The tithes were
commuted for land in 1801. An almshouse for ten
aged persons was founded and endowed in 1603, by
Oliver Ashcombe, Esq., at that time chief proprietor of
Lyford.
Lyham
LYHAM, a township, in the parish of Chatton,
union of Glendale, E. division of Glendale ward, N.
division of Northumberland, 6 miles (E. N. E.) from
Wooler. It is situated on the road from Chatton to
Holborn, and comprises 1661 acres, of which 492 are
common or waste land. The Hetton burn passes on the
west of the township. The great tithes have been commuted for £145, and the small for £46.
Lyme-Handley
LYME-HANDLEY, a township, in the parish of
Prestbury, union and hundred of Macclesfield, N.
division of the county of Chester, 7½ miles (N. E. by
N.) from Macclesfield; containing 268 inhabitants. The
township comprises 3768 acres; the soil is clay, and
stony. Lyme Hall, the principal seat of the family of
Legh, is a quadrangular building of white gritstone, of
which the more ancient part was erected about the end
of the reign of Elizabeth; the south and west fronts are
of the Ionic order, from a design by Leoni. The park
is one of the largest in the kingdom.
Lyme-Regis (St. Michael the Archangel)
LYME-REGIS (St. Michael the Archangel), a
borough, market-town, and
parish, having separate jurisdiction, in the union of
Axminster, Bridport division of Dorset, 22 miles
(W.) from Dorchester, and
144 (W. S. W.) from London; containing 2756 inhabitants. This place derives
its name from the river Lim,
on which it is situated. In
774, Cynewulf, King of the West Saxons, granted by
charter "the land of one mansion near the west bank of
the river Lim, not far from the place where it falls into
the sea, to the abbey of Sherborne, that salt should be
there boiled to supply the wants of the church." In
Domesday book, Lyme is surveyed in three parcels, one
belonging to the Bishop of Salisbury, a second to Glastonbury Abbey, and the third to William Belet, one of
the king's servants. Edward I. gave to it the privileges
of a borough and port, and assigned the town as part of
the dower of his sister, Margaret, Queen of Scotland.
It furnished Edward III. with four ships and 62 men
for the siege of Calais, but afterwards became so impoverished, that in Camden's time it was little better than
a fishing-town. During the civil war in the reign of
Charles I., Lyme was a station of considerable importance to both parties; it was early fortified by the parliament, and though besieged by Prince Maurice, always
remained in their possession. The first engagement of
the English fleet with the Spanish Armada, in 1588,
took place off this part of the coast; and in 1672,
another occurred between the English and Dutch fleets,
when the latter, being beaten, retired to the coast of
France. The Duke of Monmouth landed at Lyme in
1685, and slept at the George inn; he was soon after
defeated at Sedgmoor, and twelve of his adherents, condemned at Dorchester by Judge Jeffreys, were executed
here. Few events of importance have since occurred:
about forty houses were destroyed by fire, in May,
1844.
Arms.
The town is situated at that extremity of the county
which borders on Devonshire, between two rocky hills,
and is divided by the river Lim, which rises about two
miles northward. One part of it, occupying a steep
declivity, has a very striking appearance, the houses
rising in succession, and being mostly built of blue lias
stone; the principal street, called Broad-street, contains
excellent shops, and is a very handsome thoroughfare.
The town is lighted with gas, and the inhabitants are
supplied with good water from a copious spring about
half a mile distant. Recent improvements have made
Lyme a fashionable bathing-place: the accommodations
for visiters are good; there are baths, and assembly,
billiard, and card rooms, with some libraries. In 1846,
an act was passed for further improving the town. The
surrounding scenery is remarkably fine; the walk upon
the Cobb is almost unrivalled, and several beautiful
villas have been erected in the environs. There was
formerly a considerable trade with France, Spain, and
the West Indies, which has declined; and a few vessels
were at one time fitted out for the Newfoundland fishery.
The port, which, in a return made to the exchequer in
the 31st of Charles II., is represented as a member of
Poole, has the privilege of bonding corn, wine, spirituous
liquors, hemp, tallow, timber, deals, iron-bars, and other
goods; the vessels belonging to it are chiefly employed
in the coasting-trade, and a packet sails to Guernsey
once a fortnight. The harbour, or Cobb, about a quarter of a mile west-south-west from the town, existed so
early as the time of Edward III.; it was originally
composed of vast pieces of rock, rudely piled, but is now
a work of regular masonry, consisting of two piers,
inclosing a basin. A breach made in it during the
"Great Storm," was repaired by government in 1825,
at an expense of £17,337. The dues, which average
about £450 per annum, are appropriated to its repair.
The manufacture of broad-cloth for great coats, often
called "Lyme cloth," is carried on in the vicinity, and
the town was formerly noted for the manufacture of
lace. The markets are on Tuesday and Friday; and fairs
are held on February 13th and October 2nd.
Lyme was incorporated by
Edward I., and its privileges
were confirmed and augmented by succeeding monarchs,
particularly by Henry VIII.
A court of pie-poudre was
granted to the mayor and
burgesses by Mary, and a
new charter by Elizabeth;
to which various privileges
were added by James I.,
Charles I., and William III.
The government is now vested in a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors,
under the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., cap.
76; the number of magistrates is ten. Sessions are
held four times in the year; and there is a court for the
recovery of debts, under the direction of the mayor and
aldermen: the royalty of the manor is vested in the
corporation, and a manorial court takes place annually.
Lyme returned members to parliament, with only three
intermissions, from the 23rd of Edward I. to the year
1832; but by the 2nd of William IV., cap. 45, it was
enacted that it should thenceforward return only one
representative. The borough now comprises the parishes
of Lyme and Charmouth, and the franchise is vested in
the £10 householders; the mayor is returning officer.
The parish comprises by computation an area of about
1200 acres.
Corporation Seal.
The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the
king's books at £10. 5. 7½., and in the patronage of the
Prebendary of Lyme-Regis and Halstock in the Cathedral of Salisbury: the tithes have been commuted for
£272. 5., of which £218. 10. are payable to the vicar.
The church, which was rebuilt about the end of the
fifteenth century, has portions in the decorated and later
styles, and consists of a nave, chancel, and two aisles,
both of which are embattled on the outside: one of
these aisles was formerly dedicated to the Virgin Mary,
and the other to St. Nicholas. There are places of worship for Baptists, Independents, Wesleyans, and Roman
Catholics; also two almshouses, founded in 1548, by
John Tudbold. A convent of Carmelite friars existed
here; and in the fourteenth century there was an
hospital for lepers, dedicated to St. Mary and the Holy
Ghost. The vicinal way from Hogchester, on the ancient
Ikeneld-street, runs through the parish. Some fine
specimens of antediluvian remains are found, from which
the most eminent geologists, both British and Foreign,
have enriched their collections: among these especially
are the bones of the Icthyosauri and the Plesiosauri;
and fossil remains of the greatest interest are discovered
in the blue lias which forms the line of coast, and on
which the town itself stands. From this stone is made
the celebrated mortar which has the property of setting
under water, and is so extensively used in London for
stucco plaster. Among the natives of the place were,
Captain Thomas Coram, who established the "Foundling
Hospital," born about 1668; and Sir George Summers,
the distinguished admiral, who discovered the Bermuda
Islands.
Lyminge (St. Mary and St. Eadburgh)
LYMINGE (St. Mary and St. Eadburgh), a parish,
in the union of Elham, hundred of Loningborough,
lathe of Shepway, E. division of the county of Kent,
2 miles (S. S. W.) from Elham; containing 941 inhabitants. It comprises 4588a. 2r. 4p., of which about 1713
acres are arable, 1283 pasture, 1049 woodland, and 275
common or waste. A stream rises here which flows in
a northern direction, past Elham, and joins the Stour
near Stourmouth. The living comprises a sinecure
rectory, with the chapelries of Standford and Paddlesworth annexed, valued in the king's books at £21. 10.;
and a vicarage, endowed with the small tithes of Lyminge
and the chapelries, and rated at £10. 18. 9.; net income of the two, £625; patron, the Rev. Ralph Price.
Here is a place of worship for Wesleyans. In 1661,
Timothy Bedingfield devised some lands for education,
producing an annual income of £111. 10. A monastery
of the order of St. Benedict existed here, but there are
no remains. The ancient Stane-street traces the western
boundary of the parish.
Lymington
LYMINGTON, a borough, market-town, parochial chapelry, and liberty,
and the head of a union,
in the Lymington and S.
divisions of the county of
Southampton, 18 miles (S.
W. by S.) from Southampton,
and 95 (S. W.) from London;
containing 3813 inhabitants.
The earliest notice of this
place occurs in Domesday
book, in which it is called
Lentune; the name was afterwards changed to Limintun,
of which the present name is a variation. The town is
situated on the western bank of a creek, or river, which
falls into the Solent channel: it consists principally of
one spacious street, nearly half a mile in length, and is
lighted with gas; the houses are modern and neatly
built, and the environs abound with romantic scenery.
Its excellent accommodations for sea-bathing have rendered it a favourite place of resort for invalids during
the summer: substantial and convenient baths were
erected by a public company formed in 1833. A neat
theatre is occupied every other year by a company of
performers, from August to October; and there is an
assembly-room at the Angel inn.
Corporation Seal.
In the reign of Henry I. the town rose into note,
being then made a port; French wines and foreign
commodities were imported, and at that time also it
became celebrated for its salt-works. In the 29th of
Edward III. the port contributed 9 ships and 159 men
towards the fleet for the protection of the southern coast,
which was more by 4 ships and 63 men, than the
quota supplied by Portsmouth. The petty duties were
levied by the inhabitants on certain articles of merchandise brought to the port, but the right to such an impost
being questioned by the superior port of Southampton,
the case was tried in 1329, and decided against the
inhabitants of Lymington, who were subsequently often
fined for persisting in their claim. At length, in 1730,
having again taken these duties, and being sued by the
corporation of Southampton, the defendants procured
the removal of the cause to the county assize court, in
which they obtained a verdict in their favour, and since
that time the petty customs have been regularly paid.
The commercial advantages of the port were seriously
affected in 1731 by the construction of a dam, or causeway, to the north of the town, which so contracted the
channel of the river, and diminished its depth, by excluding a great body of water, that it is now navigable
only for vessels of 300 tons' burthen instead of 500, as
formerly. The trade is confined entirely to coastingvessels. The manufacture of salt, which was extensive,
has greatly declined, although the superiority of the
Lymington salt is generally acknowledged: the works
are situated along the sea-shore to the south of the town.
On the quay are a commodious public wharf and storerooms, and near it is a yard for ship-building. The
harbour at the entrance of the creek is excellent, and
affords a favourite and safe shelter for vessels belonging
to the members of the Royal Yacht Squadron. The
market is on Saturday; and fairs are held annually on
May 12th and October 2nd, for the sale of cheese, horses,
cattle, &c.
Lymington, which is a borough by prescription, was
incorporated by charter of James I. It was governed
by a mayor, recorder, town-clerk, town-sergeant, and an
indefinite number of burgesses; but the control is now
vested in a mayor, four aldermen, and twelve councillors,
under the act of the 5th and 6th of William IV., cap. 76.
The mayor and late mayor are justices of the peace, the
county magistrates having concurrent jurisdiction. The
elective franchise was conferred by Elizabeth in the
27th year of her reign: the boundary of the borough,
comprising 134 acres, was extended in 1832, and now
contains an area of 4256 acres: the mayor is returning
officer. Petty-sessions for the division are held by the
magistrates on alternate Saturdays. The powers of the
county debt-court of Lymington, established in 1847,
extend over the registration-district of Lymington.
The living is annexed to the vicarage of Boldre. The
church, a handsome structure capable of accommodating
2000 persons, and dedicated to Thomas á Becket, was
built at different periods, and is irregularly constructed
of brick and stone, with a castellated tower and cupola;
the interior is neat, and contains several monuments.
There are places of worship for Irvingites, Baptists, and
Independents; and a Roman Catholic chapel at Pylewell. A small grammar school was founded and endowed in 1668, by George Burford: a bequest of £300
was made in 1777, by Ann Burrard, for education; and
a national school, erected at a cost of £1200, is supported
partly by endowment. Rear-Admiral Thomas Rogers,
who died in 1814, bequeathed £1000, directing the
interest to be divided between ten men and women; and
there are various charitable institutions for the relief of
the sick and indigent. The poor-law union comprises
6 parishes, containing a population of 11,489. On a
neck of land, or bank, to the south-west of Lymington,
is Hurst Castle, a circular tower strengthened by semicircular bastions, erected by Henry VIII. to defend this
part of the channel between the main land and the Isle
of Wight. In 1648, Charles I. was confined in it for
several days after his removal from Carisbrooke, about
one month prior to his decapitation. It is now an important station, occupied by men employed in the preventive service; and two lighthouses and a beacon are
placed here for the service of vessels navigating the
coast. Buckland Castle, or the Rings, consists of two
camps about three furlongs apart, situated one mile
from Lymington. Admiral Hawke resided at Grove
House, in the town, where many of his children were
born; Dr. Guidott, who revived the drinking of the Bath
waters in 1673, was a native of the place.
Lymm (Virgin Mary)
LYMM (Virgin Mary), a parish, in the union of
Altrincham, hundred of Bucklow, N. division of
the county of Chester, 5½ miles (E. S. E.) from Warrington; containing 2658 inhabitants. It comprises
4083 acres, chiefly of a clayey soil. The Duke of Bridgewater's canal passes through the village. The living is
a rectory in medieties, of which that of Lymm with
Warburton, valued in the king's books at £11. 0. 7½., is
in the patronage of R. E. E. Warburton, Esq., and the
other, valued at £11. 0. 5., in the gift of E. Leigh, Esq.
The tithes have been commuted for £499. 15., and the
glebe comprises 12½ acres. The church is a very ancient
structure. There is a place of worship for Wesleyans. A
free school was endowed in 1698, by Sir G. Warburton,
and W. Domville, Esq.; the income is £105.
Lympne (St. Stephen)
LYMPNE (St. Stephen), a parish, in the union of
Elham, partly within the liberty of Romney-Marsh,
but chiefly in the hundred of Street, lathe of Shepway, E. division of Kent, 2¾ miles (W.) from Hythe;
containing 606 inhabitants. The parish takes its name
from the ancient river Limene, now the Rother, a branch
of which passed below it, and formed the Roman haven
Portus Limanus; the place itself is generally considered
to have been the Aimin of Ptolemy. The great military
road called Stane-street, still visible for some miles, ran
hither from Durovernum, or Canterbury. At Shepway
Cross, about half a mile from the church, the Leminarcha, or Lord Warden of the cinque-ports, was sworn
into office. The parish comprises 2658 acres, of which
273 are in wood; that part in Romney-Marsh is flat,
but the rest hilly, and the soil is partly loamy and
partly rocky. The Royal Military canal intersects the
parish. A fair for pedlery and toys is held on July 5th.
The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's
books at £9. 1. 4.; patron, the Archdeacon of Canterbury; impropriator, A. Evelyn, Esq. The great tithes
have been commuted for £468, and the vicarial for
£239; the vicar's glebe consists of one acre, and the
impropriator's of about 150 acres, besides which there
are portions of land in West Hythe. The church stands
on the edge of a rock near the village, and is principally
in the Norman style, with a tower rising from the
centre. There are considerable benefactions to the poor.
Near the church is Stutfall Castle, a stronghold or fort
of the Romans; the walls are constructed of brick and
flint. About 633, Ethelburga, daughter of Ethelbert,
built a nunnery here in honour of the Virgin Mary, which
subsequently became an abbey, and continued till 964;
after the Danish invasion it came into the possession of
the archbishops of Canterbury.
Lympsham (St. Christopher)
LYMPSHAM (St. Christopher), a parish, in the
union of Axbridge, hundred of Brent with Wrington, E. division of Somerset, 7 miles (W.) from Cross;
containing, with the hamlet of Eastertown, 567 inhabitants. The parish comprises by admeasurement 1967
acres, the chief part of which consists of dairy-farms,
supplying cheese of very fine quality. It lies in a marsh,
and the country for many miles round is a continuous
flat; much of the land, however, being of superior
quality. The Bristol and Exeter railway passes through
the parish. The living is a rectory, valued in the king's
books at £38. 5. 2½., and in the gift of the Rev. J. Stephenson: the tithes have been commuted for £491. 15.,
and the glebe contains 100 acres. The church has a
very elegant tower, restored by Charles I., in 1633; a
stall, richly canopied, on the northern side of the edifice,
distinguishes the seat appropriated to the abbot of Glastonbury, to whom the manor belonged. There is a
place of worship for Wesleyans.
Lympston (St. Mary)
LYMPSTON (St. Mary), a parish, in the union of
St. Thomas, hundred of East Budleigh, Woodbury
and S. divisions of Devon, 2½ miles (N.) from Exmouth;
containing 999 inhabitants. The parish comprises 1120
acres, of which 54 are common or waste; it is pleasantly
situated on the eastern bank of the river Exe, and the
country is agreeably diversified. The living is a rectory,
valued in the king's books at £15. 13. 4., and in the
gift of T. Porter, Esq.: the tithes have been commuted
for £263, and the glebe contains 12 acres. Here are
places of worship for Wesleyans and Unitarians; and
a national school partly supported by several trifling
bequests.
Lynch
LYNCH, a hamlet, in the parish of Selworthy,
union of Williton, hundred of Carhampton, W.
division of Somerset; containing 39 inhabitants.
Lyncombe with Widcombe (St. Thomas à Becket)
LYNCOMBE with Widcombe (St. Thomas à
Becket), a parish, in the union of Bath, hundred of
Bath-Forum, E. division of Somerset; containing
9920 inhabitants. The parish comprises about 1800
acres; it is separated from Bath by the river Avon, and
the Kennet and Avon canal passes through it. The
surface is diversified with hill and dale, and the soil,
though thin on the higher grounds, is rich in the valley
adjoining the river. Freestone is extensively quarried
in the hills, and large quantities of it have been used
for the buildings in Bath, Windsor, London, and other
places. Many of the inhabitants are employed in the
manufacture of fine woollen-cloth. In this parish, and
that of Twiverton, three small cuttings were made, to
the extent of 86,770 cubic yards, for the line of the
Great Western railway. A fair is held on May 14th.
The living is a vicarage, annexed to the rectory of St.
Peter and St. Paul, Bath: the impropriate and vicarial
tithes have been commuted for £260 each. Besides the
parish church, a modern church dedicated to St. Mark,
and Dolmead chapel, are both connected with the living.
Here is a college, instituted and partly supported by the
Roman Catholic bishop of the western district, for the
education of Roman Catholic boys in general, and particularly of secular clergymen for the service of the
district. At Holloway, in the parish, John Cantlow,
prior of Bath, towards the close of the 15th century,
erected a small chapel dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, with an hospital for lunatics annexed; the chapel
was partly rebuilt by subscription in 1761, and the incumbency is in the gift of the Crown.
Lynby, county of Nottingham.—See Linby.
LYNBY, county of Nottingham.—See Linby.
Lyndhurst (St. Michael)
LYNDHURST (St. Michael), a parish, in the union,
and N. division of the hundred, of New-Forest, Romsey and S. divisions of the county of Southampton,
9½ miles (W. by S.) from Southampton; containing 1380
inhabitants. Prior to the time of Charles II., the jurisdiction of the chief justice in eyre for the New Forest,
in the centre of which the parish is situated, was exercised here, where the courts under the authority of the
verderers are still held, some on such days as the presiding judges appoint, others on September 14th. Attached to the wardenship is a house called the King's
House, now occupied by a subordinate officer, in which is
preserved an ancient stirrup, said to have been used by
William Rufus, at the time when he was shot by Sir
Walter Tyrrel. The parish comprises 3618 acres, of
which 2114 are common or waste; the soil of the cultivated portion exhibits the several varieties of clay, sand,
and marl. There are numerous gentlemen's seats.
Courts leet and baron for the hundred of Redbridge and
manor of Lyndhurst are held. The living is annexed to
the rectory of Minstead: the tithes have been commuted
for £250. There is a place of worship for Baptists. A
school is endowed with £26 per annum, arising from a
bequest made by William Phillips, Esq.; and a national
school is supported by subscription. Sir John Singleton
Copley, on being elevated to the office of lord high
chancellor, was created Baron Lyndhurst, by patent
dated April 27th, 1827.
Lyndon (St. Martin)
LYNDON (St. Martin), a parish, in the union of
Oakham, hundred of Martinsley, county of Rutland,
5 miles (N. E.) from Uppingham; containing 100 inhabitants. This parish, which was formerly part of that
of Hambleton, comprises 895a. 2r. 15p. of land, bounded
on the south by the small rivulet Chater, and lying in
ridges extending from west to east. The soil on the
high grounds is good red earth, and on the sides of the
ridges whitish clay of inferior quality; the substratum
is a hard limestone. The living is a rectory, valued in
the king's books at £6. 17. 1., and in the patronage of
the Misses Barker: the impropriate tithes have been
commuted for £24, and the rectorial for £175; the
glebe contains 14 acres, with a house.
Lyneham
LYNEHAM, a chapelry, in the parish of Shiptonunder-Whichwood, union of Chipping-Norton, hundred of Chadlington, county of Oxford, 6 miles (N.
N. E.) from Burford; with 248 inhabitants. The tithes
were commuted for land and corn-rents in 1787.
Lynesack, with Softley
LYNESACK, with Softley, a township, in the
chapelry of Hamsterley, parish of St. Andrew Auckland, union of Auckland, N. W. division of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of Durham, 6 miles
(N. by W.) from Staindrop; containing 910 inhabitants.
This extensive township, commonly called South Side, is
bounded on the south by the river Gaunless or Wanless,
and on the north by the Lin-burn, and comprises the
hamlets of Houl, Lynesack, Potter-Cross, Softley, and
Trough-Lane Head. The land is mostly of a cold nature,
especially towards the north, and a small portion is
barren waste; the surface is boldly diversified with
hills. Coal is found in great abundance, and several
mines are in operation, the produce of which is sent into
Yorkshire and the adjacent country. Ironstone is also
found, and in the township are some works for smelting
the ore, belonging to the Duke of Cleveland. There are
places of worship for Primitive Methodists and Wesleyans. A considerable portion of the land is tithe free.
Lynford
LYNFORD, a parish, in the union of Thetford,
hundred of Grimshoe, W. division of the county of
Norfolk, 6 miles (N. N. E.) from Brandon; containing 105 inhabitants. It comprises about 1500 acres, the
property of Sir Richard Sutton, Bart., of Lynford Hall,
a handsome mansion in an extensive park. The church
is in ruins, and the inhabitants attend that of West
Toft. Two Roman urns were dug up in 1720, and one
in 1735; containing ashes and bones.
Lyng (St. Clement)
LYNG (St. Clement), a parish, in the union of
Mitford and Launditch, hundred of Eynsford, E.
division of Norfolk, 7 miles (N. E. by E.) from East
Dereham; containing, with the hamlet of Easthaugh,
601 inhabitants. This place, in the reign of Edward III.,
belonged to Sir John de Norwich, who had licence from
that monarch to convert the manor-house into a castle;
some of the foundations of the edifice are still remaining. The parish comprises 1899a. 2r. 22p., whereof
1459 acres are arable, 419 meadow and pasture, and 20
woodland. The village is situated on the south bank of
the river Wensum, on which is an extensive paper-mill.
A fair is held on the 20th of November. The living is a
rectory, valued in the king's books at £11, and in the
gift of E. Lambe, Esq.: the incumbent's tithes have
been commuted for £513. 10., and the glebe comprises
60 acres, with a house; a rent-charge of £11. 10. is
payable to the rector of Elsing. The church is chiefly
in the later English style, with a square embattled
tower; the font is of Norman character, and there are
some remains of ancient stained glass. Here is a place
of worship for Wesleyans. At the inclosure of the
parish, in 1808, 16 acres of heath were allotted to the
poor for fuel. There was a religious house at Easthaugh,
and some portions of the chapel, which was dedicated to
St. Edmund, are still remaining.