Trichur derives its name from its vernacular from “
Thrissivaperur” which is related to the famous Siva (Vadakkunatha)
Temple, traditionally believed to have been founded by Stage
Parasurama. The town is built around a hillock crowned by the
temple. Till the middle of the18th Century, the temple affairs
were managed by a Yogatirippad of ecclesiastical head of the
Devaswom elected by the Nambudiri Yogam, when the Government
assumed its management.
In contrast to the antiquity of
the temple, the recorded history of the town dates back only
from the 16th Century, when the Maharajas of Cochin
had their residence at Trichur.
Trichur had been the scene of many
historical events including its capture and occupation by the
Zamorin of Kozhikode during 1750-’60, Hyder Ali’s General Sirdar
Khan in 1750 and by Tippu Sultan in 1786. In 1774, the town and
palace were fortified by mud walls and trenches, but these
fortifications later fell in ruins. A detachment of the Madras
infantry was stationed in Trichur from 1809 till 1900.
Trichur town owes its present
glory and importance to Sakthan Thampuran (1790-1805) who
cleared the surrounding forests and encouraged merchants to
settle down here. The Political Agents of the British government
and their temporary headquarters in Trichur. A Subordinate Court
which later became the Zilla Court was set up in 1812. The
Trichur jail also had its beginning at about this time. During
the early part of the 19th Century, Trichur was
connected by roads to hinterland settlements. The
Trichur-Coimbatore road was inaugurated in 1844. A narrow gauge
railway line from Shornor to Erankulam through Trichur was
commissioned in 1902. this was later converted into broad gauge
in 1944. The civil hospital and the Lunatic asylum had their
beginning in1875 and 1892 respectively. The Maternity hospital
was started in 1915. The existence of the Trichur public Library
dates back to the seventies of the 19th Century. The
Museum, Zoo and Botanical Gardens were originally started in
1885 in Viyyur Park and shifted to their present location in
Chembukavu in 1914. The central jail for Cochin State was
established in Viyyur in 1914.
The Trichur Municipality was
constituted in 1921 A.D. under the cochin Municipal Regulations
of the same year. Prior to the constitution of the Municipality,
there was a Sanitary board functioning in1910 and the Town
Council after 1911.
In the field of education the
Sabha matoms were the earliest institutions imparting coaching
in Sanskrit. The first vernacular school in Trichur was
established by 1818 and the first English School in 1837. The
St. Thomas College was founded in 1919.
In general, the physical pattern
of the town has evolved through centuries by the impact of
various social, cultural, political and topographic factors. The
western half of the town up to the Fort Limit formed the Hindu
Quarters. The southern and eastern potions were inhabited by
Christians who dominated the business life of the town. The
northern half contained the public institutions of the town
situated around the Royal Palace.
The town which was originally a
taluk headquarters later became a division headquarters of
Vadakke Mukhom, the northern region of Cochin State. With the
reorganization of the States in 1956, the town became the
District Headquarters. A series of Government decisions in the
last decade have led to the location of many a public
institution of importance including the Civil Station and Civil
Lines, the Engineering College, the All India Radio, the
Veterinary College and Agricultural University etc. around the
town. The dispersal of these urban functions outside the town
has led to the anomalous situation of lesser growth rate within
Municipal limits and pronounced urban growth in the outlying
areas. It is in this context that a development plan for the
town and its immediate environs has been evolved to provide the
town with a new impetus and stained growth in the coming
decades.
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