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Essential Background
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The Convention and the Protocol
Over a decade ago, most countries joined an international treaty -- the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC) -- to begin to consider what can be done to reduce global warming and to
cope with whatever temperature increases are inevitable. More recently, a number of nations approved
an addition to the treaty: the Kyoto
Protocol, which has more powerful (and legally binding) measures. The UNFCCC secretariat supports all
institutions involved in the climate change process, particularly the COP, the subsidiary bodies and
their Bureau.
This section contains numerous resources -- for beginners or experts -- such as introductory and
in-depth publications, the official UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol texts and a search engine to the UNFCCC
library.
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Kyoto Protocol -- What it means
The Kyoto Protocol, an international and legally binding agreement to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions worldwide, entered into force on 16 February 2005.
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 Interactive map and reporting system for the CDM
The CDM project map shows the location of CDM activities worldwide. Visitors can
travel around the globe and learn about the location and many details of each
project. In addition to this, a series of new graphs provide detailed breakdowns
about the range, distribution of such projects that highlight national participation,
project impacts and the status of project registration.
For more information, visit the CDM project map or reports.
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Status of Ratification
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Latest News
Amendment to Annex I of the Convention to add the name of Malta
On 26 April 2010, the Depositary communicated to all Parties to the Convention an
amendment to add the name of Malta to the list in
Annex I to the Convention by
decision 3/CP.15.
San Marino deposited its instrument of accession to the Kyoto
Protocol on 28 April 2010. The Kyoto Protocol will enter into force for San Marino on
27 July 2010.
Total number of States and regional economic integration organizations that have deposited
instruments of ratifications / accessions / approvals / acceptances to the Kyoto
Protocol: 191
Morocco deposited its instrument of acceptance of the amendment to Annex B to the
Kyoto Protocol on 3 March 2010.
Egypt deposited its instrument of acceptance of the amendment to Annex B to the Kyoto
Protocol on 9 April 2010.
Total number of States
and regional economic integration organizations that have deposited their instruments of acceptance to
the amendment to Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol: 22
Currently, there are 194 Parties to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and 190 Parties to its Kyoto Protocol.
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UNFCCC E-Newsletter
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Distributed bimonthly, the UNFCCC E-Newsletter provides a comprehensive overview of major news and
announcements, along with practical information about upcoming events.
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Kyoto Protocol reports and due dates