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Genus HAEMAPHYSALIS Koch, 1844
Haemaphysalis is the second largest genus of ixodid ticks with members living on all the continents. However, the greatest species diversity is recorded in Southeast Asia, namely in Indochina and on the Malay Peninsula (Kolonin and Andreev, 1992). Although Haemaphysalis species inhabit diversified landscapes, including deserts, most species prefer dark, damp woods. Apparently all species are three-host ticks. The majority of species feed on various mammals (large and small) and only about 10 species at the imago stage parasitize birds. Immature ticks of some species successfully feed on reptiles. While some species of Haemaphysalis are vectors of disease agents to humans and animals, the epidemiological significance of Haemaphysalis ticks is relatively small. The identification of species of the subgenus Alloceraea is rather difficult. Different authors sometimes consider conspecific ticks collected in the same region as different species. Therefore, the data cited below on the distribution of H. aponommoides, H. inermis, H. kitaokai, and H. vietnamensis in the territory of China is rather inconsistent.
1. Haemaphysalis aborensis Warburton, 1913
 Map 38 Nepal, India (West Bengal and Assam), Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam (northern), and China (Yunnan). Principal hosts of adults are porcupines and wild artiodactyls. Hosts of immature ticks are small and middle-sized mammals and birds. Literature: Phan (1977), Hoogstraal and Kim (1985), Teng and Jiang (1991).
2. Haemaphysalis aciculifer Warburtom, 1913
 Map 35 Cameroon, Sudan (southern), Ethiopia, Uganda, Zaire (north-eastern), Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana (northern), and the Republic of South Africa. Principal hosts of imago are various antelopes, other ungulates, and carnivores. Immature ticks feed on small and middle-sized mammals and birds. Literature: Walker (1991), Hoogstraal and Kim (1985).
3. Haemaphysalis aculeata Lavarra, 1905
 Map 20 India and Sri Lanka. Principal hosts of all stages are mouse deer Tragulus. Ticks were also found on axises and small carnivores. Immature ticks are occasionally found on birds. Literature: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985).
4. Haemaphysalis adleri Feldman-Muhsam, 1951
 Map 31 Lebanon, Israel, Iraq, and Oman. Adults parasitize small and middle-sized carnivores (jackal, chaus, steppe cat, marblet polecat, and fox). Literature: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985).
5. Haemaphysalis anomala Warburton, 1913
 Map 36 India (Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, and Bihar), Sri Lanka, Nepal, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Principal hosts of imago are wild and domestic artiodactyls. Immature ticks are found on rats and coucals Centropus. Literature: Tanskul et al. (1983), Kolonin (1995b), Hoogstraal and Kim (1985).
6. Haemaphysalis anoplos Hoogstraal, Uilenberg and Klein, 1967
 Map 34 Madagascar. Two females were collected from the rat Nesomys rufus. Literature: Uilenberg et al. (1979).
7. Haemaphysalis aponommoides Warburton, 1913
Map 31 Nepal, India (Assam, West Bengal, and Sikkim), and China (Òibet). Mountain forests, sub alpine bushes, and alpine meadows up to the altitude of 5000 m. Adults parasitize all kinds of livestock, dogs, deer, serow, bears, and will attach to humans. Immature ticks were found on small mammals and pheasants. Literature: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985), Teng and Jiang (1991).
8. Haemaphysalis asiatica Supino, 1897 |