Chemotopic representation of the human tongue according to Hänig
(1901), the first source on tongue maps,
showing that no taste area is sensitive to less than 4 taste qualities.
Taste sensitivity (inverse detection threshold)
is represented by the density of symbols. For each of the 4 qualities
shown, sensitivity extends across anterior,
lateral and posterior (vallate) parts of the tongue. It is highest
for sucrose-sweet at the tip, for HCl-sour at the
sides and for quinine-bitter at the back, but the differences in
sensitivity within each quality are moderate
(they are also controversial). In addition, taste sensitivity was
reported for the palate (not included here).
From these diagrams, now 98 years old, the popular textbook versions,
often conveying the impression of
more or less specialized areas, probably arose by "graphical evolution",
a curious process.
The chemotopic diagram of a rat tongue was never published. It would
look quite different from the human
diagram, but in the rat, too, areas are not specialized to a single
taste quality.