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| 1150 | Margrave
Albert I the Bear |  |
| | Appointed Margrave of Brandenburg |
| 1274 | Diplomacy
Rudolf I | |
| | Recognized by Pope Gregory X after he renounces Imperial rights in Rome |
| | Recognized by Pope Gregory X after he renounces Imperial rights in Rome |
| 1347 | Constitution
Charles IV | |
| | Founds a hereditary monarchy |
| 1423 | Elector
John the Constant | |
| | Appointed Elector of Saxony |
| 1428 | Elector
Frederick II | |
| | Appointed Elector of Saxony |
| 1464 | Elector
Ernest | |
| | Appointed Elector of Saxony |
| 1486 | Elector
Frederick III the Wise | |
| | Appointed Elector of Saxony |
| 1611 | Elector
John George I | |
| | Appointed Elector of Saxony |
| 1619 | Elector
William, George | |
| | Appointed Elector of Brandenburg |
| 1621 | Governor
Wallenstein, Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von | |
| | Appointed Governor of Bohemia & becomes a walord in his own right |
| 1656 | Elector
John George II | |
| | Appointed Elector of Saxony |
| 1680 | Elector
John George III | |
| | Appointed Elector of Saxony |
| 1691 | Elector
John George IV | |
| | Appointed Elector of Saxony |
| 1694 | Elector
Frederick Augustus I | |
| | Appointed Elector of Saxony |
| 1717 | Reform
Frederick William I | |
| | Introduces compulsory primary education |
| 1723 | Constitution
Frederick William I | |
| | Centralizes the administration |
| 1733 | Elector
Frederick Augustus II | |
| | Appointed Elector of Saxony |
| 1743 | Elector
Charles Theodore | |
| | Appointed Elector of the Palatinate |
| 1763 | Elector
Frederick Christian | |
| | Appointed Elector of Saxony |
| 1791 | Governor
Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, Friedrich Ludwig Furst zu | |
| | Appointed Governor of Berlin |
| 1799 | Birth
Gagern, Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von | |
| Aug 20th | Birth of Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von Gagern, son of Hans Christoph Ernst, Baron von Gagern,a liberal statesman from Hesse |
| 1803 | Governor
Blucher, Gebhard Leberecht von | |
| | Appointed Governor of Munster |
| 1809 | Birth
Abeken, Heinrich | |
| Aug 19th | Birth of Heinrich Abeken |
| 1812 | Governor
Bulow, Friedrich Wilhelm | |
| | Appointed Governor General of east & west Prussia |
| | Appointed Governor General |
| | Appointed Governor General |
| 1818 | Constitution
Louis I | |
| | A liberal, supports the Bavarian Constitution against Metternich |
| 1818 | Constitution
Maximilian I Joseph | |
| | Grants Bavaria a Liberal Constitution |
| 1820 | Constitution
Frederick William III | |
| | Promises to give Prussia a Constitution |
| | The Government cannot raise a loan without an elected representative Assembly |
| 1832 | Minister
Hormayr, Joseph von | |
| | Appointed Minister to Hanover for Bavaria |
| 1834 | Zollverein
List, Friedrich | |
| | German states incorporate their customs unions into the larger Prussian customs union |
| | The main ideological contributor behind the customs union is Friedrich List, an economist holding mercantilist and protectionist views |
| 1839 | Minister
Hormayr, Joseph von | |
| | Appointed Bavarian Minister to Bremen |
| 1847 | Constitution
Frederick William IV | |
| | Allows freedom of the press |
| | Calls a national assembly, it is not a representative body, but rather a United Diet comprising all the provincial estates, which had the right to grant taxes and loans but no right to meet at regular intervals. |
| | Refuses to allow a fully representative Assembly |
| | Refuses to allow a written Constitution |
| | The Diet is united against Frederick William's idea of a representative Assembly |
| 1847 | Diet
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Called on by the Magdeburg estate to represent it at the United Diet |
| 1847 | Election
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Bismarck is elected to the Vereinigter Landtag |
| 1847 | National Assembly
Frederick William IV | |
| | Calls a national assembly, it is not a representative body, but rather a United Diet comprising all the provincial estates, which had the right to grant taxes and loans but no right to meet at regular intervals. |
| 1847 | Speech
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Makes maiden speech outraging the Assembly by his reactionary views |
| 1848 | Chancellor
Charles Anthony | |
| | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1848 | Diplomacy
Schleintiz, Alexander von | |
| | Works for an Alliance between Russia, Germany & Austria against Great Britain |
| 1848 | Election
Charles Anthony | |
| | Presides over new elections to the Diet, results in a liberal victory |
| 1848 | Election
Vincke | |
| | Vincke's moderates a landslide election victory to the Diet with 210 seats |
| 1848 | Minister
Schleinitz, Alexander von | |
| | Appointed Foreign Minister |
| 1848 | President
Gagern, Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von | |
| May 19th | Appointed President of the Frankfurt Parliament |
| 1848 | Constitution
Gagern, Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von | |
| Dec | The Declaration of the Basic Rights, a model for all German democratic institutions |
| 1848 | Gagernsche Program
Gagern, Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von | |
| Dec 17th | Introduces the Gagernsche Program, Austria is to be excluded from the new federal state, but bound to it by a treaty of Union |
| 1848 | Minister
Gagern, Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von | |
| Dec 17th | Appointed Minister President of the German Provisional Government |
| 1849 | Election
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Elected Member of the Erfurt Parliament, a Prussian representitive |
| | Bismarck is elected to the Landtag |
| 1849 | Erfurt Parliament
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Appointed one of Prussia's representatives at the Erfurt Parliament, an assembly of German states that meets to discuss plans for union, but only in order to oppose that body's proposals more effectively |
| | The Erfurt Parliament fails to bring about unification because of the opposition of Prussia & Austria |
| 1849 | Prime Minister
Pfordten, Ludwig von der | |
| | Appointed Prime Minister of Bavaria, 1st term |
| 1849 | Unification
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | Appointed one of Prussia's representatives at the Erfurt Parliament, an assembly of German states that meets to discuss plans for union, but only in order to oppose that body's proposals more effectively |
| | The Erfurt Parliament discusses German unification but Bismarck is opposed |
| | The Erfurt Parliament fails to bring about unification because of the opposition of Prussia & Austria |
| | Bismarck opposes the unification of Germany arguing Prussia would lose its independence in the process |
| 1849 | Constitution
Frederick William IV | |
| April 4th | Rejects the Imperial Crown offered by the Parliament of Frankfurt |
| 1849 | Gagernsche Program
Gagern, Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von | |
| May 20th | The Gagernsche Program is accepted but endless Constitutional debate leads to Gagern's resignation |
| 1849 | Resignation
Gagern, Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von | |
| May 20th | Resigns after the King of Prussia refuses his offer to be an elected German Emperor frustrating Gagern's plan for non-revolutionary German unification |
| 1850 | Constitution
Frederick William IV | |
| | Refuses to abandon the Constitution after Schwarzenburg's offer to divide Germany |
| | Refuses to abandon the Constitution after Schwarzenburg's offer to divide Germany |
| 1850 | Governor
Steinmetz, Karl Friedrich von | |
| | Appointed military Governor of Cassel |
| 1850 | Constitution
Frederick William IV | |
| Nov 29th | Attempts to establish the Erfurt Union, a union of German states excluding Austria, but abandons the idea by the Punctation of Olmtz, in the face of Austrian resistance |
| 1850 | Erfurt Union
Frederick William IV | |
| Nov 29th | Attempts to establish the Erfurt Union, a union of German states excluding Austria, but abandons the idea by the Punctation of Olmtz, in the face of Austrian resistance |
| 1850 | Punctation of Olmtz
Frederick William IV | |
| Nov 29th | Attempts to establish the Erfurt Union, a union of German states excluding Austria, but abandons the idea by the Punctation of Olmtz, in the face of Austrian resistance |
| 1850 | Unification
Frederick William IV | |
| Nov 29th | Attempts to establish the Erfurt Union, a union of German states excluding Austria, but abandons the idea by the Punctation of Olmtz, in the face of Austrian resistance |
| 1851 | Constitution
Frederick William IV | |
| | Promulgates a new Constitution that created a parliament with two chambers, an aristocratic upper house and an elected lower house |
| | The Constitution also reserved for the king the power of appointing all ministers, reestablished the conservative district assemblies and provincial diets, and guaranteed that the bureaucracy and the military remained firmly in the hands of the king |
| | The lower house is elected by all taxpayers, but in a three-tiered system based on the amount of taxes paid so that true universal suffrage is denied |
| 1853 | Privy Councillor
Abeken, Heinrich | |
| | Promoted to Privy Councillor of legation (Geheimer Legationsrath) |
| 1856 | Birth
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von | |
| Nov 29th | Birth of Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg |
| 1857 | Birth
Michaelis, Georg | |
| Sep 8th | Birth of Georg Michaelis |
| 1858 | Minister
Bonin, Eduard von | |
| | Appointed Minister of War |
| 1858 | Minister
Charles Anthony | |
| | Appointed Minister President |
| 1860 | Budget
Roon, Albrecht von | |
| | The Landtag rejects Roon's army reform bill but makes a loan |
| 1860 | Minister
Roon, Albrecht von | |
| | Appointed Minister of War |
| 1860 | Reform
Roon, Albrecht von | |
| | Plans to increase troops in line with population growth are rejected by the Landtag |
| | Roon's plans are rejected because the Crown would gain too much power |
| 1861 | Ministry of Marine
Roon, Albrecht von | |
| | Placed in chharge of the Ministry of Marine |
| 1861 | Reform
Roon, Albrecht von | |
| | Proposes an increase in universal military service to three years, with new regiments raised and a reduced role for the reserve (Landwehr), requires years of political fighting and the strong support of the new Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck and Moltke |
| | Supported by Edwin von Manteuffel and the new Prussian Chief-of-Staff Helmuth von Moltke, Roon draws up plans to adapt Scharnhorst's system to Prussia's altered circumstances |
| 1862 | Minister
Roon, Albrecht von | |
| | Appointed Minister of Marine |
| 1862 | Telegram
Roon, Albrecht von | |
| Sep 17th | Sends a telegram to Bismarck to solve the Constitutional Crisis in Prussia |
| 1862 | Government
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| Sep 21st | Promises to form a Government & put through reforms in defiance of Parliament |
| 1864 | Envoy
Gagern, Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von | |
| | Appointed Hessian envoy to Vienna |
| 1864 | Prime Minister
Pfordten, Ludwig von der | |
| | Appointed Prime Minister of Bavaria, 2nd term |
| 1865 | Reform
Roon, Albrecht von | |
| | The Prussian Navy HQ is moved from Danzig to Kiel, despite protests from Vienna |
| 1866 | Minister
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst | |
| | Appointed minister of foreign affairs |
| | Appointed Minister President of Prussia |
| 1866 | President
Forckenbeck, Maximilian Franz August von | |
| | Appointed President of the Prussian House of Representatives |
| 1867 | Constitution
Bucher, Adolf Lothar | |
| | Draws up the Constitution of the North German Confederation |
| 1867 | Constitution
Wilhelm I | |
| | Appointed Head of the North German Confederation |
| | The Prussian landtag and the North German Governments accept a new Constitution |
| 1867 | North German Confederation
Wilhelm I | |
| | Appointed Head of the North German Confederation |
| 1867 | Constitution
Wilhelm I | |
| Feb | Elections take place for the new Reichstag |
| Dec 19th | Refuses the crown offered to him by the new Confeferation of a united Germany |
| 1870 | Succession
Wilhelm I | |
| Dec 19th | Refuses the crown offered to him by the new Confeferation of a united Germany |
| 1870 | Unification
Wilhelm I | |
| Dec 19th | Refuses the crown offered to him by the new Confeferation of a united Germany |
| 1871 | Imperial Reichstag
Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Hermann Fusrst zu | |
| | Appointed Imperial Reichstag |
| 1871 | Treaty of Frankfurt
Bucher, Adolf Lothar | |
| | Helps draw up the Treaty of Frankfurt |
| 1871 | Constitution
Wilhelm I | |
| Jan 18th | Declared Emperor of a united German Reich in the Galerie des Glaces in Versailles |
| 1872 | Dismissal
Roon, Albrecht von | |
| | Dismissed by Bismarck because of his lack of support |
| 1872 | Minister
Roon, Albrecht von | |
| | Appointed Minister of sident of Prussia by Bismarck |
| 1872 | Death
Abeken, Heinrich | |
| Aug 8th | Death of Heinrich Abeken |
| 1873 | Legislation
Bismarck-Schonhausen, Otto Furst von | |
| | The "May Laws" of 1873-75 require state approval for training & licensing of priests |
| | The "May Laws" of 1873-75 require state approval for training & licensing of priests |
| | The "May Laws" of 1873-75 require state approval for training & licensing of priests |
| | The "May Laws" of 1873-75 require state approval for training & licensing priests |
| 1875 | Birth
Schulenburg, Friedrich Werner von der | |
| Nov 20th | Birth of Friedrich-Werner Graf von der Schulenburg |
| 1878 | Secretary
Bucher, Adolf Lothar | |
| | Appointed Secretary-Archivist at the Congress of Berlin |
| 1880 | Death
Gagern, Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von | |
| | Death of Heinrich Wilhelm August Freiherr von Gagern |
| 1885 | Governor
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst | |
| | Appointed Governor of Alsace-Lorraine |
| 1888 | Minister
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Appointed Minister of Bucharest |
| 1890 | Minister
Holstein, Friedrich von | |
| | Appointed Foreign Minister |
| 1890 | Rule of Caprivi Strip
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| | The Caprivi Strip is added to German South West Africa, thus linking that territory with the Zambezi River |
| 1890 | Rule of German West Africa
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| | The Caprivi Strip is added to German South West Africa, thus linking that territory with the Zambezi River |
| 1890 | Treaty of Reinsurance
Holstein, Friedrich von | |
| | Fails to renew the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia |
| 1890 | Reform
Wilhelm II | |
| Jan 24th | Attributes the rise of socialism to failure of the Government to reform |
| Jan 24th | Proposes shortening working hours & regulating Sunday work |
| 1890 | Chancellor
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| Feb | Summoned to Berlin by Wilhelm II, Caprivi is informed that he is the Kaiser's intended choice should Bismarck prove resistant to Wilhelm's proposed changes to the Government |
| Mar 18th | Appointed Imperial Chancellor |
| 1890 | Diplomacy
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| Mar 21st | Instructed by Wihelm II to renew the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia |
| 1890 | Rule of Heligoland
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| July | Under the Zanzibar treaty the British cede the island of Heligoland to Germany in exchange for control of Zanzibar |
| 1890 | Rule of Zanzibar
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| July | Under the Zanzibar treaty the British cede the island of Heligoland to Germany in exchange for control of Zanzibar |
| 1890 | Treaty of Zanzibar
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| July | Under the Zanzibar treaty the British cede the island of Heligoland to Germany in exchange for control of Zanzibar |
| 1892 | Resignation
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| | Following a legislative defeat on an educational bill, Caprivi resigns as Prussian Minister-President and is replaced by Count Botho zu Eulenburg |
| 1893 | Ambassador
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Appointed Ambassador to Rome |
| | Appointed Ambassador to Italy |
| 1894 | Chancellor
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst | |
| | Appointed Imperial Chancellor of Germany |
| 1894 | Dismissal
Caprivi, Georg Leo von | |
| | Dismissed as Chancellor & replaced by Prince Chlodwig of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfrst |
| 1894 | Governor
Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Hermann Fusrst zu | |
| | Appointed Governor of Alsace-Lorraine |
| 1894 | Minister
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst | |
| | Appointed Minister President of Prussia |
| 1896 | Diplomacy
Wilhelm II | |
| | Announces Britain intends to give the Straits to Russia & refuses to allow it |
| 1896 | Rule of Straits
Wilhelm II | |
| | Announces Britain intends to give the Straits to Russia & he refuses to allow it |
| 1897 | Diplomacy
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Says "We do not wish to put anyone in the shade, but we demand our place in the sun" |
| 1897 | Minister
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Appointed Foreign Minister |
| 1897 | President
Haase, Hugo | |
| | Appointed President of the Social Democratic Party |
| 1899 | Peerage
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Created Count Bulow |
| 1899 | President
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von | |
| | Appointed President of the Province of Brandenburg |
| 1900 | Armament
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Supplementary Naval Act, escalates shipbuilding after the Boer War |
| 1900 | Carolines
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Purchases the Caroline Islands & Samoa |
| 1900 | Chancellor
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1900 | Legislation
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Supplementary Naval Act, escalates shipbuilding after the Boer War |
| 1900 | Minister
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Appointed Minister President of Prussia |
| 1900 | Reform
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Supplementary Naval Act, escalates shipbuilding after the Boer War |
| 1900 | Rule of Carolines
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Purchases the Caroline Islands & Samoa |
| 1900 | Rule of Samoa
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Purchases the Caroline Islands & Samoa |
| 1900 | Samoa
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Purchases the Caroline Islands & Samoa |
| 1902 | Legislation
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | The Tariff Law, increases duties particularly on imported grain from Russia |
| 1902 | Minister
Kahr, Gustav Ritter von | |
| | Appointed Minister of the Interior, Bavaria |
| 1902 | Reform
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | The Tariff Law, increases duties particularly on imported grain from Russia |
| 1903 | Election
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | The Centre Party holds the balance of power |
| | The Tariff Law increased food prices & the Social Democrats gain 25 seats |
| 1903 | Embassy Counselor
Neurath, Constantin Freiher von | |
| | Appointed Consul General to London |
| 1905 | Crisis
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Bulow alienates France over his handling of the Moroccan crisis |
| 1905 | Minister
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von | |
| | Appointed Prussian Minister of Interior |
| 1906 | Conference of Algeciras
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Brings about the Algeciras conference following the Moroccan crisis |
| 1906 | Dismissal
Holstein, Friedrich von | |
| | Dismissed after the Moroccan Crisis |
| 1906 | Peerage
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Created Prince |
| 1907 | Election
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | The parties of the Bulow Bloc win 216 seats |
| | Wins a working majority without dependence on the Centre Party |
| 1907 | President
Maximilian of Baden | |
| | Appointed President of the Baden Diet |
| 1907 | Vice Chancellor
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von | |
| | Appointed Vice Chancellor |
| 1908 | Alliance
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Strengthens the Triple Entente between Great Britain, France & Russia |
| 1908 | Ambassador
Bernstorf | |
| | Appointed Ambassador to the USA |
| 1908 | Crisis
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Stops Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia and Hercegovina |
| | Stops Russis opening the Dardanelles |
| 1908 | Diplomacy
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Strengthens the Triple Entente between Great Britain, France & Russia |
| 1909 | Diplomacy
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| | Persues a policy of detente with Britain, hoping to come to some agreement that would put a halt to the two countries' ruinous naval arms race, but failed, largely due to the opposition of German Naval Minister Alfred von Tirpitz |
| 1909 | Prime Minister
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von | |
| | Appointed Prime Minister of Prussia |
| 1909 | Under Secretary
Michaelis, Georg | |
| | Appointed Under Secretary of state to the Prussian Treasury in Berlin |
| 1909 | Diplomacy
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Feb 8th | France & Germany agree to support the independence of Morocco |
| 1909 | Independence
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Feb 8th | France & Germany agree to support the independence of Morocco |
| 1909 | Chancellor
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| July 14th | Appointed Imperial Chancellor of Germany |
| 1909 | Resignation
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| July 14th | Resigns after his tax reforms are defeated in the Reichstag |
| 1909 | Scandal
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| Nov | Loses confidence of Emperor William II in the Daily Telegraph affair |
| 1911 | Agadir Crisis
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| July 1st | The German gunboat Panther arrives at the port of Agadir |
| July 1st | The German gunboat Panther arrives at the port of Agadir |
| July 7th | The German Ambassador informs the French that Germany has no territorial aspirations in Morocco and would negotiate for a French protectorate on the basis of "compensation" for Germany in the French Congo region |
| July 9th | Franco-German negotiations are initiated toward the Treaty of Fez led to a convention under which Germany accepted France's position in Morocco in return for territory in the French Equatorial African colony of Middle Congo (the Republic of the Congo) |
| Nov 4th | A 275 000 kmý territory, known as Neukamerun, becomes part of the German colony of Kamerun and part of German West Africa, which only lasts briefly until they are captured by the allies in World War I |
| Nov 4th | Under the Treaty of Fez Germany cedes France a small area of territory to the south-east of Fort Lamy, now part of Chad |
| 1911 | Rule of Cameroons
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Nov 4th | A 275 000 kmý territory, known as Neukamerun, becomes part of the German colony of Kamerun and part of German West Africa, which only lasts briefly until they are captured by the allies in World War I |
| 1911 | Rule of Chad
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Nov 4th | Under the Treaty of Fez Germany cedes France a small area of territory to the south-east of Fort Lamy, now part of Chad |
| 1911 | Rule of Fort Lamy
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Nov 4th | Under the Treaty of Fez Germany cedes France a small area of territory to the south-east of Fort Lamy, now part of Chad |
| 1911 | Rule of German West Africa
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Nov 4th | A 275 000 kmý territory, known as Neukamerun, becomes part of the German colony of Kamerun and part of German West Africa, which only lasts briefly until they are captured by the allies in World War I |
| 1911 | Rule of Neukamerun
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Nov 4th | A 275 000 kmý territory, known as Neukamerun, becomes part of the German colony of Kamerun and part of German West Africa, which only lasts briefly until they are captured by the allies in World War I |
| 1911 | Treaty of Fez
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| Nov 4th | Under the Treaty of Fez Germany cedes France a small area of territory to the south-east of Fort Lamy, now part of Chad |
| 1912 | Berlin Baghdad
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| | Negotiates treaties with Britain over an eventual partition of the Portuguese colonies and the Berlin-Baghdad railway |
| 1912 | Diplomacy
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobold von | |
| | Negotiates treaties with Britain over an eventual partition of the Portuguese colonies and the Berlin-Baghdad railway |
| 1912 | Election
Theobald, Bethmann Hollweg von | |
| | The main benificiaries are the Socialists who now have 110 Deputies |
| 1912 | President
Hertling, Georg von | |
| | Appointed President of the Bavarian Constituent Assembly |
| 1912 | Armament
Theobald, Bethmann Hollweg von | |
| May 21st | The new Naval Law is passed by the Reichstag in order to expand the German navy |
| 1913 | Minister
Falkenhayn, Eric von | |
| | Appointed Prussian Minister of War |
| 1913 | Vote of Confidence
Theobald, Bethmann Hollweg von | |
| | Wins a vote of confidence after sequesting Polish lands for its peasants |
| 1913 | Scandal
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von | |
| Dec 4th | Loses a vote of confidence in the Reichstag over the Zabern |
| 1913 | Vote of Confidence
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von | |
| Dec 4th | Loses a vote of confidence in the Reichstag over the Zabern |
| 1914 | Ambassador
Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin | |
| | Appointed Ambassador to Italy |
| 1914 | Embassy Counselor
Neurath, Constantin Freiher von | |
| | Appointed embassy counselor at Constantinople |
| 1915 | Constitution
Beseler, Hans von | |
| | Creates a semi-independent "Congress Poland" ruled by an aristocratic Assembly |
| 1915 | Minister
Helfferich, Karl | |
| | Appointed Minister of Finance |
| 1915 | President
Rathenau, Walter | |
| | Appointed President of the Allgemeine-Elektrizitats-Gesellschaft |
| 1915 | Reichsgetreidestelle
Michaelis, Georg | |
| | Appointed leader of the Reichsgetreidestelle, an office in which he was responsible for the administration of Prussian corn and wheat in the World War I |
| 1915 | Constitution
Beseler, Hans von | |
| Aug 24th | Creates a semi-independent "Congress Poland" ruled by an aristocratic Assembly |
| 1915 | Governor
Beseler, Hans von | |
| Aug 24th | Appointed Military Governor of Poland |
| 1916 | Cabinet
Neurath, Constantin Freiher von | |
| | Appointed Cabinet Chief |
| 1916 | Constitution
Ludendorf, Erich von | |
| | Ludendorff and Hindenburg become the leaders of the military-industrial dictatorship Third Supreme Command |
| 1916 | Minister
Helfferich, Karl | |
| | Appointed Minister of the Interior |
| 1916 | Third Supreme Command
Ludendorf, Erich von | |
| | Ludendorff and Hindenburg become the leaders of the military-industrial dictatorship Third Supreme Command |
| 1916 | Constitution
Beseler, Hans von | |
| Nov 5th | Proclaims the Polish Congress of State for military & economy resources for Germany |
| 1916 | Rule of Poland
Beseler, Hans von | |
| Nov 5th | Proclaims the Polish Congress of State for military & economy resources for Germany |
| 1917 | Ambassador
Bernstorf | |
| | Appointed Ambassador to Turkey |
| 1917 | President
Kahr, Gustav Ritter von | |
| | Appointed Regional President for Upper Bavaria |
| 1917 | Constitution
Ludendorf, Erich von | |
| July | Ludendorff becomes the dominant figure in the Third Supreme Command and after the resignation of Theobald Bethmann Hollweg takes political, military and economy control of Germany |
| 1917 | Third Supreme Command
Ludendorf, Erich von | |
| July | Ludendorff becomes the dominant figure in the Third Supreme Command and after the resignation of Theobald Bethmann Hollweg takes political, military and economy control of Germany |
| 1917 | Chancellor
Michaelis, Georg | |
| July 14th | Appointed Chancellor of Germany as well as Minister President of Prussia |
| 1917 | Minister
Michaelis, Georg | |
| July 14th | Appointed Chancellor of Germany as well as Minister President of Prussia |
| 1917 | Minister
Kuhlmann, Richard von | |
| Aug 6th | Appointed Foreign Minister |
| 1917 | Secretary
Kuhlman, Richard von | |
| Aug 6th | Appointed Secretary of State |
| 1917 | Secretary
Kuhlmann, Richard von | |
| Aug 6th | Appointed Secretary of State |
| 1917 | Chancellor
Hertling, Georg von | |
| Oct 30th | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1918 | Assassination
Eisner, Kurt | |
| | Assassinated, a Communist revolt is suppressed & Bavaria joins the Weimar Republic |
| 1918 | Assassination
Haase, Hugo | |
| | Assassinated while a member of the ruling Council of People's Representatives |
| 1918 | Constitution
Eisner | |
| | A Socialist Republic under Kurt Eisner is established |
| 1918 | Constitution
Eisner, Kurt | |
| | Assassinated & a Communist revolt suppressed, Bavaria joins the Weimar Republic |
| 1918 | Council of People's Representatives
Haase, Hugo | |
| | Appointed Member of the Council of People's Representatives |
| 1918 | CPR
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| | Appointed Member of the Council of People's Representatives |
| 1918 | Death
Eisner, Kurt | |
| | Death of Kurt Eisner, assassinated |
| 1918 | Death
Haase, Hugo | |
| | Assassinated while a member of the ruling Council of People's Representatives |
| 1918 | Pact
Groener, Wihelm | |
| | The new model Reichswehr armed forces, limited by the Treaty of Versailles to 100,000 army soldiers and 15,000 seamen, remains fully under the control of the German officer class despite its nominal re-organisation |
| 1918 | President
Fehrenbach, Konstantin | |
| | Appointed President of the Reichstag |
| 1918 | Rebellion
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| | Groener agrees to support Ebert against the Bolsheviks |
| 1918 | Rebellion
Eisner, Kurt | |
| | The Wittelsbach King abdicates & Eisner heads of a Soviet style Government |
| 1918 | Treaty of Versailles
Groener, Wihelm | |
| | The new model Reichswehr armed forces, limited by the Treaty of Versailles to 100,000 army soldiers and 15,000 seamen, remains fully under the control of the German officer class despite its nominal re-organisation |
| 1918 | Rebellion
Eisner, Kurt | |
| Jan | Stirs up industrial unrest during the "January Strike" |
| 1918 | Martial Law
Hertling, Georg von | |
| Jan 31st | Martial Law is declared in Berlin |
| Jan 31st | Martial Law is declared in Hamburg |
| 1918 | Ambassador
Helfferich, Karl | |
| July 23rd | Appointed Ambassador to Russia |
| 1918 | Third Supreme Command
Ludendorf, Erich von | |
| Sep 29th | The Third Supreme Command transfers power to Max von Baden and the Reichstag |
| 1918 | Resignation
Hertling, Georg von | |
| Sep 30th | Resigns as Chancellor at the request of the German Generals |
| 1918 | Government
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Oct | When it became clear that the war was lost, a new Government was formed by Prince Maximilian of Baden which included Ebert and other members of the SPD in October 1918 |
| 1918 | Minister
Erzberger, Mathias | |
| Oct | Appointed Minister Without Portfolio |
| 1918 | Minister
Scheidemann, Philip | |
| Oct | Appointed Minister Without Portfolio |
| 1918 | Minister
Scheidemann, Phillip | |
| Oct | When the Social Democrats are included in the cabinet for the first time in Prince Max of Baden's Government Scheidemann enters the Government as a minister without portfolio |
| 1918 | Government
Baden, Max von | |
| Oct 3rd | Forms a new Government |
| 1918 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov | Ebert leads the new Government for the next several months, notably using the army under support of Minister of Defense Gustav Noske to suppress the Spartacist uprising, commonly identified with Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht |
| 1918 | Council of National Deputies
Noske, Gustav | |
| Nov | Appointed Member of the Council of National Deputies |
| 1918 | Ebert Groener Pact
Groener, Karl Eduard Wilhelm | |
| Nov | Ebert agrees to suppress the Bolshevik-led revolution and maintain the defeated Army's role & Groener in turn agrees to throw the weight of the still-considerable Army behind the new Government |
| 1918 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 7th | supporter of the monarchy until the abdication of the Kaiser ("If the Kaiser abdicates, the social revolution is inevitable. But I do not want it, I hate it like sin", he says to Max von Baden |
| 1918 | Rebellion
Eisner, Kurt | |
| Nov 7th | Addresses a demonstration of workers, peasants & soldiers |
| 1918 | Prime Minister
Eisner, Kurt | |
| Nov 8th | Appointed Prime Minister of Bavaria & responsible for foreign affairs |
| Nov 8th | Eisner's Cabinet has 3 minority Socialists & 3 Majority Social Democrats |
| 1918 | Alliance
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 9th | Ebert makes a pact over the phone with General Wilhelm Groener |
| 1918 | Armistice
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 9th | Begins preparations for drawing up an armistice with the Allies |
| 1918 | Chancellor
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 9th | Appointed Chancellor of Germany, accepts Max von Baden's offer |
| Nov 9th | Appointed Head of the Provisional Government |
| 1918 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 9th | From November 1918 through January 1919, Germany is governed dictatorially by the Council of People's Commissioners |
| Nov 9th | The Ebert-Groener pact stipulates that the Government would not attempt to reform the Army so long as the army swore to protect the state |
| Nov 9th | To ensure that his fledgling Government is able to maintain control over the country, Ebert makes an uneasy pact with the OHL, now led by Ludendorff's successor General Wilhelm Groener |
| Nov 9th | Begins preparations for elections to the new National Constitutional Assembly |
| 1918 | Constitution
Scheidemann, Phillip | |
| Nov 9th | Proclaims the new "Free German Republic" without any Party or Government authorization |
| 1918 | Council of People's Commissioners
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 9th | From November 1918 through January 1919, Germany is governed dictatorially by the Council of People's Commissioners |
| 1918 | Free German Republic
Scheidemann, Phillip | |
| Nov 9th | Proclaims the new "Free German Republic" without any Party or Government authorization |
| 1918 | Pact
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 9th | The Ebert-Groener pact stipulates that the Government would not attempt to reform the Army so long as the army swore to protect the state |
| 1918 | Pact
Groener, Wihelm | |
| Nov 9th | The Ebert-Groener pact stipulates that the Government would not attempt to reform the Army so long as the army swore to protect the state |
| 1918 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 10th | Calls for a National Constitutional Assembly |
| Nov 10th | Ebert favoured retaining the monarchy under a different ruler but Scheidemann proclaimes the German Republic, in response to the unrest in Berlin and in order to counter a declaration of the "Free Socialist Republic" by Karl Liebknecht |
| Nov 10th | Liebknecht's proclamation ends the German Monarchy and an entirely Socialist provisional Government took power under Ebert's leadership |
| 1918 | Government
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Nov 10th | Forms a provisional executive of mainstream SDP & Independent Socialists |
| 1918 | Ruling Council of
Scheidemann, Phillip | |
| Nov 10th | Appointed Member of the Ruling Council, Nov 1918 to Feb 1919 |
| 1918 | Resignation
Beseler, Hans von | |
| Nov 18th | Resigns as the Military Governor of Poland |
| 1919 | Consul
Schulenburg, Friedrich Werner von der | |
| | Returns to the Foreign Office Service and became consul in Beirut |
| 1919 | Constitution
Ebert, Friedrich | |
| Feb | When the Constituent Assembly met in Weimar in February, 1919, Ebert was chosen to be the first president of the German Republic |
| 1919 | Vice Chancellor
Schiffer, Eugen | |
| Feb | Appointed Vice Chancellor and Finance Minister |
| 1919 | Assassination
Arco-Valley, Graf Anton von | |
| Feb 21st | Assassinates the Prime Minister of the Bavarian Republic, Kurt Eisner |
| 1919 | Assassination
Eisner, Kurt | |
| Feb 21st | Triggers off revolution leading to 5 Coups & 5 Governments in 70 days |
| 1919 | Death
Eisner, Kurt | |
| Feb 21st | Triggers off revolution leading to 5 Coups & 5 Governments in 70 days |
| 1920 | Government
Fehrenbach, Konstantin | |
| | A coalition of the Centre, German Democratic Party & the German Peoples Party |
| | A coalition of the Centre, German Democratic Party & the German Peoples Party |
| 1921 | Death
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von | |
| Jan 1st | Death of Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg |
| 1923 | Government
Stressman, Gustav | |
| Aug 13th | Heads a coalition Government |
| 1925 | President
Simons, Walter | |
| | Appointed President of Germany, acting |
| 1927 | 1st Transatlantic Flight
Hess, Rudolph | |
| | Writes to Henry Ford asking for 200,000 Marks to fly from Europe to America, refused |
| 1929 | Brown House
Hess, Rudolph | |
| | Raises funds to enable the NSDAP to move its HQ to the Briennerstrasse in Munich |
| 1929 | NSDAP
Hess, Rudolph | |
| | Raises funds to enable the NSDAP to move its HQ to the Briennerstrasse in Munich |
| 1930 | Embassy Counselor
Neurath, Constantin Freiher von | |
| | Appointed Ambassador to Britain |
| 1932 | Chancellor
Schleicher, Kurt von | |
| | Tries to split the NAZI's by appointing Strasser as his Vice Chancellor |
| 1932 | Embassy Counselor
Neurath, Constantin Freiher von | |
| | Appointed Cabinet Minister in Papen's "Cabinet of Barons" |
| 1932 | Chancellor
Schleicher, Kurt von | |
| Nov 6th | Elections yield 33.1% for the Nazis, dropping 2 million voters, Franz von Papen steps down, and is succeeded by General Kurt von Schleicher as Reichskanzler |
| 1932 | Election
Schleicher, Kurt von | |
| Nov 6th | Elections yield 33.1% for the Nazis, dropping 2 million voters, Franz von Papen steps down, and is succeeded by General Kurt von Schleicher as Reichskanzler |
| 1933 | Government
Neurath, Constantin Freiher von | |
| | Joins Hitler's 1st Cabinet & is as a respectable & conservative frontman |
| 1933 | Governor
Best, Werner | |
| | Appointed Governor of State |
| 1933 | Government
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 4th | Hitler & Papen meet in the House of the banker Schroder to form a joint Government |
| 1933 | Government
Papen, Franz von | |
| Jan 30th | As Vice Chancellor believes he can contain Hitler & use him to gain supreme power |
| 1933 | Government
Hitler, Adolf | |
| Jan 31st | Asked by Hindenburg to head a Harzburg coalition of the NSDAP & Hugenberg Nationalists |
| 1933 | Legislation
Wels, Otto | |
| Mar 23rd | Hitler tells Wels that his death-knell had sounded |
| Mar 23rd | Hitler tells Wels that his death-knell had sounded |
| Mar 23rd | Thw Kroll Opera House, where the voting will be held, is surrounded by SA & SS |
| Mar 23rd | Thw Kroll Opera House, where the voting will be held, is surrounded by SA & SS |
| 1934 | Ambassador
Schulenburg, Friedrich Werner von der | |
| | Appointed German Ambassador to the Soviet Union |
| 1934 | Coup d'Etat
Habicht, Theodor August Otto Wilhelm | |
| | Helps make plans for the German capture of Austria |
| 1934 | Rule of Austria
Habicht, Theodor August Otto Wilhelm | |
| | Helps make plans for the German capture of Austria |
| 1934 | Coup d'Etat
Habicht, Theodor August Otto Wilhelm | |
| July | Habicht sets up a leadership-in-exile in Munich which directed a campaign of terror against the Dollfuá regime which culminates in a failed Coup attempt in the murder of Dollfuá in July 1934 |
| July | Severely discredited by the failure, Habicht went into seclusion in the Harz mountains before being allowed to take up the post of mayor of Wittenberg in 1937 |
| 1935 | Armament
Krosigk, Lutz Graf Schwerin von | |
| | The Minister of Finance is allowed to raise credits to rearm Germany |
| 1935 | Budget
Krosigk, Lutz Graf Schwerin von | |
| | The Minister of Finance is allowed to raise credits to rearm Germany |
| 1936 | Birth
Michaelis, Georg | |
| July 21st | Death of Georg Michaelis |
| 1938 | Plebiscite
Schuschnigg, Kurt von | |
| Feb | Tries in vain to hold a plebiscite in Austria against the anschluss |
| 1938 | Rule of Austria
Schuschnigg, Kurt von | |
| Feb 12th | Hitler orders the Austrian Chancellor to to hand over control of his Government |
| 1938 | Demonstrations
Schuschnigg, Kurt von | |
| Mar 11th | Austrian Nazis take to the streets in Austria & appeal to Hitler to restore order |
| 1939 | Nazi Soviet Pact
Schulenburg, Friedrich Werner von der | |
| Aug | Instrumental in bringing about the August 1939 German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact. |
| 1939 | Governor
Frank, Hans | |
| Oct 26th | Appointed Governor General of Poland, of the annexed Polish territories |
| Oct 26th | Appointed Governor General of Poland, of the annexed Polish territories |
| 1940 | Governor
Schirach, Baldur von | |
| | Appointed Governor of Vienna |
| | Appointed Governor of Vienna |
| 1940 | Reich Commissioner
Terboven, Josef | |
| April 24th | Appointed Reich Commissioner for Norway |
| 1942 | Greater German Empire
Frank, Hans | |
| | Treats Poles as "slaves of the Greater German Empire" |
| 1942 | Persecution
Frank, Hans | |
| | Treats Poles as "slaves of the Greater German Empire" |
| 1942 | Concentration Camps
Frank, Hans | |
| Dec | 85% of Polish Jews have been transported to concentration camps |
| 1944 | Rebellion
Frank, Hans | |
| Aug | Frank & Himmler are given the responsibility for suppressing the Warsaw insurgents |
| 1944 | Death
Schulenburg, Friedrich Werner von der | |
| Nov 10th | Death of Friedrich-Werner Graf von der Schulenburg, hanged at Plotzensee Prison in Berlin |
| 1945 | Minister
Krosigk | |
| | Appointed Foreign Minister |
| 1945 | Constitution
Doenitz, Karl | |
| April | In Hitler's 1945 political testament he appoints Admiral Karl Doenitz to succeed him, but he names Doenitz as President, not Fuehrer, thereby re-establishing a Constitutional office which had lain dormant since Hindenburgs death in 1934 |
| 1945 | President
Doenitz, Karl | |
| April | In Hitler's 1945 political testament he appoints Admiral Karl Doenitz to succeed him, but he names Doenitz as President, not Fuehrer, thereby re-establishing a Constitutional office which had lain dormant since Hindenburgs death in 1934 |
| 1945 | Flensburg Government
Doenitz, Karl | |
| April 30th | Doenitz forms what becomes known as the Flensburg Government, which controlled only a tiny area of Germany near the Danish border, including the town of Flensburg |
| 1945 | Government
Doenitz, Karl | |
| April 30th | Forms a new Cabinet & orders an unconditional surrender |
| 1945 | President
Doenitz, Karl | |
| April 30th | Doenitz forms what becomes known as the Flensburg Government, which controlled only a tiny area of Germany near the Danish border, including the town of Flensburg |
| April 30th | Appointed President of the Reich & Hitler's successor, on the day of Hitler's death |
| 1945 | Flensburg Government
Doenitz, Karl | |
| May 23rd | Dissolved by the Allies |
| 1945 | Berlin Declaration
Doenitz, Karl | |
| June 5th | The Allied Berlin Declaration abolishes all the institutions of German civil Government, and establishes that the Constitution no longer holds any legal force |
| 1946 | Death
Frank, Hans | |
| Oct 16th | Death of Hans Frank, executed for war crimes |
| 1946 | Execution
Frank, Hans | |
| Oct 16th | Death of Hans Frank, executed for war crimes |
| 1946 | Trial
Frank, Hans | |
| Oct 16th | Found guilty of 3 war crimes & 4 crimes against humanity |
| 1948 | Chairman
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| | Appointed Chairman of the Parliamentary Council, West Germany's ruling body |
| 1948 | Constitution
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| | A Constitution is postponed until re-unification |
| | A Federal Assembly, the Bundestag, is to be elected every 4 yrs by universal suffrage |
| | The Basic Law rests on the will of the people of the western Lander |
| | The Basic Laws are drawn up to provide West Germany with a working Constitution |
| 1948 | Legislation
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| | The Basic Law rests on the will of the people of the western Lander |
| 1948 | Economy
Erhard, Ludwig | |
| June 20th | Announces controls over wages, prices & supplies |
| 1948 | Reform
Erhard, Ludwig | |
| June 20th | The Reichsmark is declared worthless is replaced by the D-Mark |
| 1949 | Chancellor
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| | The CDU wins a majority in the elections to the Federal Parliament |
| 1949 | Minister
Erhard, Ludwig | |
| | Appointed Minister of Economic Affairs |
| 1949 | Constitution
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| May 23rd | Establishes the Federal Republic's Constitution |
| May 23rd | The Basic Law (Grundgesetz), invests the Chancellor (German, Bundeskanzler) with broad powers to initiate Government policy & for that reason, some observers refer to the German political system as a "chancellor democracy" |
| May 23rd | The chancellor's authority emanates from the provisions of the Basic Law and in practice from his or her status as leader of the party (or coalition of parties) holding a majority of seats in the Bundestag (federal parliament) |
| May 23rd | With the founding of the Federal Republic, the German Chancellor is now officially addressed as "Herr Bundeskanzler" |
| 1949 | Federal Republic
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| May 23rd | Establishes the Federal Republic's Constitution |
| 1949 | Legislation
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| May 23rd | The Basic Law (Grundgesetz), invests the Chancellor (German, Bundeskanzler) with broad powers to initiate Government policy & for that reason, some observers refer to the German political system as a "chancellor democracy" |
| 1949 | Election
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| Aug | Wins the 1st post war election for the CDU & heads a coalition Government |
| 1949 | Constitution
Heuss, Theodore | |
| Aug 1st | Becomes West Germany's 1st President |
| 1949 | Election
Heuss, Theodore | |
| Aug 1st | CDU 139 seats, SPD 131 seats |
| Aug 1st | Wins elections to the 1st Bundestag, lower House of the Federal Assembly |
| 1949 | President
Heuss, Theodore | |
| Aug 1st | Appointed President of Germany |
| 1949 | Chancellor
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| Aug 14th | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1949 | Government
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| Aug 14th | Forms a coalition Government of the CDU, CSU, FDP & DP parties |
| 1950 | EPU
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| | The European Payments Union is founded which regularizes trade payments |
| 1950 | Governor
Beseler, Hans von | |
| | Appointed Military Governor of Warsaw |
| | Appointed military Governor of Warsaw |
| 1950 | Economy
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| Mar 1st | Rationing ends in West Germany, apart from sugar |
| 1950 | Rationing
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| Mar 1st | Rationing ends in West Germany, apart from sugar |
| 1950 | Diplomacy
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| Mar 21st | Advocates economy union with France |
| 1950 | Economy
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| Mar 21st | Advocates economy union with France |
| 1950 | Plan Schumann
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| May 9th | The French & German coal, iron & steel industries are placed under a single authority |
| May 9th | The Schumann Plan is launched in Paris |
| 1951 | Constitution
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| Dec 6th | Russia opposes free elections in Germany |
| Dec 6th | The FDR & DDR agree to send reresentatives to the United Nations to discuss free elections |
| 1953 | Minister
Lubke, Heinrich | |
| | Appointed Minister of Food, Agriculture & Forestry |
| 1953 | Chancellor
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| Oct 20th | Appointed Chancellor |
| 1955 | Minister
Strauss, Franz Josef | |
| | Appointed Minister of Atomic Affairs |
| 1955 | Rule of Saarland
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| | A referendum in the Saar votes for reunification with Germany |
| 1956 | Armament
Strauss, Franz Josef | |
| | Begins German rearmament |
| 1956 | Minister
Strauss, Franz Josef | |
| | Appointed Minister of Defense |
| 1957 | Bundesbank
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| | The Bank Deutscher Lander is renamed the Bundesbank |
| 1957 | European Union
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| Mar 25th | The Treaty of Rome establishes the European Economic Community & is signed by France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium & Luxembourg |
| 1957 | Treaty of Rome
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| Mar 25th | Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands & West Germany establish the European Union |
| Mar 25th | Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands & West Germany establish the European Union |
| 1957 | Bundesbank
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| Nov 25th | Germany signs the Treaty of Rome |
| Nov 25th | Germany signs the Treaty of Rome |
| 1959 | President
Lubke, Heinrich | |
| | Appointed President of Germany |
| 1959 | Rule of Saarland
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| | The Saar is reunified with Germany |
| 1961 | Minister
Scheel, Walter | |
| | Appointedhe Minister for Economic Co-operation with developing countries |
| 1962 | Diplomacy
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| | Agrees a rapprochment with France |
| 1962 | Resignation
Strauss, Franz Josef | |
| | Resigns after a newspaper article accuses him of corruption |
| 1962 | Scandal
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| | Comprimised by the Spiegel Affair |
| 1962 | Scandal
Strauss, Franz Josef | |
| | Der Spiegel's publisher is arrested, Strauss is involved |
| 1962 | Spiegel Affair
Strauss, Franz Josef | |
| | Der Spiegel's publisher is arrested, Strauss is involved |
| 1962 | Scandal
Strauss, Franz Josef | |
| Oct 10th | Der Spiegel publishes an article critical of West Germany's defense policy |
| 1963 | Chancellor
Erhard, Ludwig | |
| | Appointed Chancellor |
| 1963 | Diplomacy
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| | Signs a treaty with President de Gaulle |
| 1963 | Resignation
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| | Forced to resign after the Spiegel Affair |
| 1963 | Scandal
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| | Forced to resign after the Spiegel Affair |
| 1963 | Treaty of Franco German
Adenauer, Konrad | |
| | Provides for regular summits & cooperation in foreign, economy & cultural affairs |
| | Signs a treaty with President de Gaulle |
| May 16th | The Bundestag ratifies the Franco-German Treaty |
| 1965 | Bundestag
Worner, Manfred | |
| | Elected to the Federal Parliament, Bundestag |
| 1966 | Chancellor
Kiesinger, Kurt Georg | |
| | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1966 | Diplomacy
Erhard, Ludwig | |
| | Announces he does not think the time is right for Britain to join the European Union |
| 1966 | European Union
Erhard, Ludwig | |
| | Announces he does not think the time is right for Britain to join the European Union |
| 1966 | Minister
Brandt, Willy | |
| | Appointed Foreign Minister |
| 1966 | Minister
Strauss, Franz Josef | |
| | Appointed federal Finance Minister |
| 1966 | Vice Chancellor
Brandt, Willy | |
| | Appointed Vice Chancellor |
| 1969 | Chancellor
Brandt, Willy | |
| | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1969 | Deputy Chancellor
Scheel, Walter | |
| | Appointed Deputy Chancellor in the SDP-FDP coalition |
| 1969 | Minister
Scheel, Walter | |
| | Appointed Foreign Minister |
| 1969 | Minister
Schmidt, Helmut Heinrich Waldemar | |
| | Appointed Minister of Defense |
| 1969 | President
Heinemann, Gustav | |
| | Appointed President of Germany |
| 1971 | Nobel Prize
Brandt, Willy | |
| | For normalizing relations with the Soviet union & Poland |
| 1972 | Minister
Schmidt, Helmut Heinrich Waldemar | |
| | Appointed Minister of Finance |
| 1972 | Diplomacy
Brandt, Willy | |
| June 7th | German Chancellor Willy Brandt visits Israel |
| 1972 | Treaty of Basic
Brandt, Willy | |
| Dec 21st | East & West Germany recognize each other's boundaries & independence |
| 1972 | Treaty of Basic
Scheel, Walter | |
| Dec 21st | East & West Germany recognize each other's boundaries & independence |
| 1973 | Public Expenditure
Schmidt, Helmut Heinrich Waldemar | |
| | Forced to make expenditure cuts because of the oil crisis |
| 1974 | Chancellor
Schmidt, Helmut Heinrich Waldemar | |
| | Appointed Chancellor |
| 1974 | President
Scheel, Walter | |
| | Appointed President of Germany |
| 1976 | Election
Schmidt, Helmut Heinrich Waldemar | |
| Oct 3rd | Helmut Schmidts coalition Government is returned with a reduced majority |
| 1977 | Death
Buback, Siegfried | |
| | Death of Siegfried Buback |
| 1977 | Terrorism
Schmidt, Helmut Heinrich Waldemar | |
| | A Lufthansa airliner is hijacked by Palestinian terrorists |
| | Orders an attack of the plane which succeeds without loss of life |
| 1977 | Assassination
Meinhof, Ulrike Marie | |
| April 7th | Assassination of the federal prosecutor-general Siegfried Buback, claimed by the Ulrike Meinhof Commando, in revenge for the suicide of Ulrike Meinhof |
| 1978 | European Union
Schmidt, Helmut Heinrich Waldemar | |
| | Suggests the introduction of the European Monetary Union within the EC |
| 1979 | President
Carstens, Karl | |
| | Appointed President of Germany |
| 1979 | Public Expenditure
Schmidt, Helmut Heinrich Waldemar | |
| | Forced to make expenditure cuts because of the oil crisis |
| 1980 | Minister
Strauss, Franz Josef | |
| | Appointed Minister of President of Bavaria |
| 1981 | Election
Schmidt, Helmut Heinrich Waldemar | |
| May 10th | The Social Democrats sustain heavy losses in West Berlin |
| 1982 | Chancellor
Kohl, Helmut | |
| | Appointed Chancellor of Germany, 1st term |
| 1982 | Economy
Schmidt, Helmut Heinrich Waldemar | |
| | Unemployment rises from 582,000 in 1974 to 1.8 million in 1982 |
| 1982 | Minister
Worner, Manfred | |
| | Appointed Minister of Defense |
| 1982 | Vote of Confidence
Kohl, Helmut | |
| | Helmut Schmidt is defeated in a vote of no confidence & replaced by Helmut Kohl |
| 1982 | Vote of Confidence
Schmidt, Helmut Heinrich Waldemar | |
| Oct | Helmut Schmidt is defeated in a vote of no confidence & replaced by Helmut Kohl |
| 1983 | Conference of European Union
Kohl, Helmut | |
| | Hosts the European Union at Stuttgart |
| 1983 | Election
Kohl, Helmut | |
| | Increases support in the general election |
| 1984 | Election
Weizsacker | |
| May 22nd | Elected President of Germany |
| 1984 | Inauguration
Weizsacker | |
| July 1st | Innuagurated as the President of the Federal Republic of Germany |
| 1985 | Diplomacy
Kohl, Helmut | |
| May 5th | Reagan visits the Bitburg Nazi cemetery with Chancellor Helmut Khol |
| 1985 | Treaty of Schengen
Kohl, Helmut | |
| June 14th | The Schengen Accord is signed by Belgium, Holland, Germany & France |
| June 14th | The treaty abolishes border checks |
| 1988 | Secretary
Worner, Manfred | |
| | Appointed Secretary General of NATO |
| 1989 | Election
Kohl, Helmut | |
| Jan 29th | West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl's Christian Democratic Union suffers a major setback in West Berlin municipal elections |
| 1990 | Minister
Eppelmann, Rainer | |
| | Appointed Minister of Defense |
| 1990 | Unification
Hoffmann, Heinz | |
| | Lets it be known to Honecker that the army will not fire on the population |
| 1990 | Death
Schroder, Gerhard | |
| Jan 1st | Death of Gerhard Schroder |
| 1990 | Border
Kohl, Helmut | |
| Nov 12th | Germany & Poland sign a treaty confirming their border at the Oder-Neisse line |
| 1990 | Diplomacy
Kohl, Helmut | |
| Nov 12th | Germany & Poland sign a treaty confirming their border at the Oder-Neisse line |
| 1990 | Oder Neisse Line
Kohl, Helmut | |
| Nov 12th | Germany & Poland sign a treaty confirming their border at the Oder-Neisse line |
| 1991 | NATO
Worner, Manfred | |
| | Includes former Soviet Republics in NATO strategy after the breakup of the Warsaw Pact |
| 1994 | Alliance
Worner, Manfred | |
| | The Warsaw Pact is invited to join the Partnership For Peace |
| 1994 | President
Herzog, Roman | |
| | Appointed President of Germany |
| 1997 | Economy
Kohl, Helmut | |
| May 22nd | Presents the Joint Initiative for More Jobs in Eastern Germany |
| 1997 | Treaty of Amsterdam
Kohl, Helmut | |
| Oct 2nd | Greater citizenship and rights of individuals, more democracy & increased powers for the European Parliament, a new title on employment & an European Union Community area of freedom, security and justice |
| Oct 2nd | Substantial changes to the treaty on European Union, European Union, which had been signed at Maastricht in 1992 |
| Oct 2nd | The beginnings of a common foreign European Union and security policy (CFSP) and the reform of the institutions in the run-up to enlargement |
| Oct 2nd | The Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty of the European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts, commonly known as the Amsterdam Treaty |
| 1998 | Chancellor
Schroder, Gerhard | |
| | Appointed Chancellor of Germany |
| 1998 | Election
Schroder, Gerhard | |
| | The SPD win the election |
| 1999 | Reichstag
Schroder, Gerhard | |
| April 19th | The new Reichstag opens |
| 2001 | Peace
Schroder, Gerhard | |
| Dec 10th | Germany will commit 1,000 soldiers to United Nations peacekeeping |
| 2002 | Reform
Schroder, Gerhard | |
| Jan 1st | Millions of Germans acquire Euros |
| 2009 | Chancellor
Merkel, Angela Dorothea | |
| Sep 27th | German Chancellor Angela Merkel re-elected to second term at head of new, centre-right coalition |
| 2009 | Election
Merkel, Angela Dorothea | |
| Sep 27th | German Chancellor Angela Merkel re-elected to second term at head of new, centre-right coalition |
| 2009 | Berlin Wall
Merkel, Angela Dorothea | |
| Nov 9th | Germany marks 20th anniversary of fall of Berlin Wall with spectacular ceremony attended by European leaders |
| 2009 | Diplomacy
Merkel, Angela Dorothea | |
| Nov 9th | Germany marks 20th anniversary of fall of Berlin Wall with spectacular ceremony attended by European leaders |
