Feldman, T. S. "Climate and history in the late 18th and early 19th centuries." Eos 73, no. 1 (1992): 1, 4-5.
Fleming, J. R. "Arrhenius and current climate concerns: continuity or a 100-year gap?" Eos 79, no. 34 (1998): 405, 409-410. (Questions the popular claim that Svante Arrhenius was "father" of the theory of the greenhouse effect and global warming.)
Fleming, J. R. "T. C. Chamberlin and H2O climate feedbacks: a voice from the past." Eos 73, no. 47 (1992): 505, 509. (Discusses Chamberlin's ideas from the 1890s-1920s on the roles of water vapor and clouds in global climate change.)
Gadsden, M. "Pedro Nuñez and the first printed treatise on twilight observation." Eos 67, no. 30 (1986): 593-595. (Describes the treatment of astronomical optics and twilight phenomena in Nuñez's 1542 book and an 11th Century Arabic treatise by Alhazen.)
Hill, R. D. "Origins of radar." Eos 71, no. 27 (1990): 781-782, 786.
Hobbs, P. V. "Clouds: their beauty and challenge." Eos 75, no. 13 (1994): 145, 150. (Brief history of the study of clouds and precipitation.)
Levin, S. M. "Norwegians led the way in training wartime weather officers." Eos 78, no. 52 (1997): 609, 612. (About the contributions of J. Bjerknes, J. Holmboe, and H. Sverdrup during World War II.)
Schroeder, W., and K. H. Wiederkehr. "Geophysics contributed to the radial change from classical to modern physics 100 years ago." Eos 79, no. 46 (1998): 559, 562. (Deals with research on the formation of fog and on atmospheric electricity and their connection to discoveries in radioactivity and atomic physics.)
Stephens, E. R. "Smog studies of the 1950s." Eos 68, no. 7 (1987): 89, 91-93.
Weihaupt, J. G. "Historic cartographic evidence for Holocene changes
in the Antarctic ice cover." Eos 65, no. 35 (1984): 493-501. (Discusses
rudimentary depictions of an Antarctic continent on 16th Century European
maps and their apparent record of changes in ice cover and sea level.)
Carter, W. E. "Seth Carlo Chandler, Jr.: discoveries in polar motion." Eos 68, no. 25 (1987): 393, 603-605. (Traces Chandler's discovery in the 1880s and 1890s of the compound wobble of the Earth about its axis of rotation.)
Chao, B. F. "'Concrete' testimony to Milankovitch cycle in Earth's changing obliquity." Eos 77, no. 44 (1997): 433. (Discusses the slow movement of the tropics and commemoration of the location of the Tropic of Cancer on Taiwan.)
Dickey, P. A. "Who discovered Mount Everest?" Eos 66, no. 41 (1985): 697-700. (Chronicles the trigonometrical survey of India in the 19th Century and the first determination of the height of Mt. Everest.)
Vlaar, N. J. "Vening Meinesz: a student of the Earth." Eos 70,
no. 9 (1989): 129, 134, 140. (Discusses the contributions of Vening Meinesz
to the study of gravity at sea and to geodynamics.)
GEOMAGNETISM AND PALEOMAGNETISM
Brekke, A., and A. Egeland. "Christopher Hansteen (1784-1873): a pioneer in the study of terrestrial magnetism." Eos 67, no. 15 (1986): 185-187.
Frankel, H. "Jan Hospers and the rise of paleomagnetism." Eos 68, no. 24 (1987): 577, 579-581. (Discusses Hospers' role in the early stages of plate tectonic theory through his contributions to paleomagnetism in the 1950s.)
Good, G. A. "Geomagnetics and scientific institutions in 19th century America." Eos 66, no. 27 (1985): 521, 524-526.
Good, G. A. "The study of geomagnetism in the late 19th century." Eos 69, no. 16 (1988): 218-232.
Green, R. "Sponsored research in geomagnetism 130 years ago." Eos 53, no. 8 (1972): 778-779. (Brief account of the magnetic observatory operated in Hobart, Tasmania from 1840 to 1853.)
Irving, E. "The paleomagnetic confirmation of continental drift." Eos 69, no. 44 (1988): 994-1014. (Describes how studies of remanent magnetism in rocks during the period 1948-1960 revealed large-scale motions of the continents.)
LeGrand, H. E. "Rise and fall of paleomagnetic research at Carnegie's DTM." Eos 71, no. 34 (1990): 1043-1044. (History of paleomagnetism studies at the Dept. of Terrestrial Magnetism from the 1930s through the 1950s.)
Lilley, F. E. M., and A. A. Day. "D'Entrecasteaux, 1792; celebrating a bicentennial in geomagnetism." Eos 74, no. 9 (1993): 97, 102-103. (Story of the earliest surviving survey of global magnetic intensity, during the Bruny D'Entrecasteaux Expedition of 1791-1794.)
Morley, L. W. "Early work leading to the explanation of the banded geomagnetic imprinting of the ocean floor." Eos 67, no. 36 (1986): 665-666. (Reminiscences of work in paleomagnetism in the 1940s, '50s, and '60s.)
Silverman, S. "First Congress of the United States tackled geophysics
in 1789." Eos 79, no. 22 (1998): 257, 260. (On a method for determining
longitude using magnetic variation and a proposed Arctic expedition to
determine the cause of magnetic variation.)
Baker, M. N., and R. E. Horton. "Historical development of ideas regarding the origin of springs and ground water." Transactions, American Geophysical Union 1936, Part 2. (1936): 395-400. (Survey of ideas from classical times through the 18th Century.)
Buehler, B. "U.S. floods and their management." Eos 58, no. 1 (1977): 4-15. (Case studies of notable floods of the 19th and 20th centuries and the development of water control measures.)
Costa, J. E. "A history of paleoflood hydrology in the United States, 1800-1970." Eos 67, no. 17 (1986): 425, 428-430.
Nace, R. L. "Hydrology comes of age: impact of the International Hydrological
Decade." Eos 61, no. 53 (1980): 1241. (Synopsis of key achievements
of the IHD, 1965-1974.)
Berger, W. H. "Gümbel's hypothesis regarding the origin of manganese nodules." Eos 67, no. 14 (1986): 169, 175, 179. (Account of K.W. von Gümbel's research on manganese nodules in the late 19th Century and his visionary hypothesis of their hydrothermal orgin in submarine vents.)
Brooks, D. A. "Sailing research vessels and the Arctic schooner Bowdoin."Eos 66, no. 51 (1985): 1227-1230. (Story of the sailing vessel "Bowdoin" launched in 1921 and reconstructed in the 1980s.)
McPhaden, M. J. "The Equatorial Undercurrent: 100 years of discovery." Eos 67, no. 40 (1986): 762-765. (Reviews the historical events surrounding the discovery of the Equatorial Undercurrent by J. Y. Buchanan in 1886 and its "rediscovery" in 1952.)
Shor, E. N. "E. C. Bullard's first heat-probe." Eos 65, no. 9 (1984): 73-74. (Interview with Bullard concerning the development of his first ocean heat-flow instrument in 1949.)
Zetler, B. D. "'Arctic Tides' by Rollin A. Harris (1911) revisited."
Eos
67,
no. 7 (1986): 73, 76. (Examines Harris' 1911 hypothesis of an undiscovered
land mass near the North Pole based on tide observations.)
Fisher, D. E. "Searching for life on Mars and in meteorites in the 20th century." Eos 80, no. 22 (1999): 245-246, 248-249.
French, B. M. "25 years of the impact-volcanic controversy: is there anything new under the Sun or inside the Earth?" Eos 71, no. 17 (1990): 411-414. (Summarizes the debate since the 1960s on the origin of cryptoexplosion structures.)
Legrand, J. P. "Comet Hally and its historic passages during the past
millennium." Eos 67, no. 11 (1986): 129, 130.
Bolt, B. A. "50 years of studies on the inner core." Eos 68, no. 6 (1987): 73, 80-81.
Bonini, W. E., and R. R. Bonini. "Andrija Mohorovicic: seventy years ago an earthquake shook Zagreb." Eos 60, no. 41 (1979): 699-701. (Account of Mohorovicic's 1910 discovery of a seismic velocity discontinuity at 50 km depth, representing the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle.)
Geschwind, C. H. "1920s prediction reveals some pitfalls of earthquake forecasting." Eos 78, no. 38 (1997): 401, 410, 412. (Discusses the impact of Bailey Willis' public prediction of a major earthquake in southern California in the 1920s.)
Howell, B. F., Jr. "History of ideas on the cause of earthquakes." Eos 67, no. 46 (1986): 1323-1326. (Traces the development of ideas on earthquake origins, primarily from the recognition of the role of faulting in the 19th Century to present models.)
Lehmann, I. "Seismology in the days of old." Eos 68, no. 3 (1987): 33-35. (Reminiscences of Lehmann's pioneering studies of seismic travel times, leading to her discovery of the inner core of the Earth in 1936.)
Melton, B. S. "Earthquake seismograph development: a modern history--Part 1." Eos 62, no. 21 (1981): 505-510. (History of the development of modern earthquake seismometers, covering the period 1948-1976.)
Melton, B. S. "Earthquake seismograph development: a modern history--Part 2." Eos 62, no. 25 (1981): 545-548. (Covers amplifiers, recorders, and timing systems developed for seismic observatories during 1948-1976.)
Schlanger, S. O., and S. A. Stein. "Charles Darwin and Captain Moresby
on the drowning of Great Chagos Bank: 19th century discovery of "aseismic"
ridge seismicity in the Indian Ocean." Eos 68, no. 10 (1987): 137,
140-141.
Alexander, P. "History of solar coronal expansion studies." Eos 73, no. 41 (1992): 433, 438.
Brush, S. G. "Prediction and theory evaluation: Alfvén on space plasma phenomena." Eos 71, no. 2 (1990): 19-33. (Examines whether the ability of theories to make successful predictions actually influences their acceptance by the scientific community. Considers the research of Hannes Alfvén on magnetohydrodynamic waves, field-aligned current, critical ionization velocities, planetary rings, electrostatic double layers, and partial corotation.)
Cliver, E. W. "Solar activity and geomagnetic storms: the first 40 years." Eos 75, no. 49 (1994): 569, 574-575. (Covers the history of solar-terrestrial relations from 1852 through the 1890s; first in a series of three articles.)
Cliver, E. W. "Solar activity and geomagnetic storms: the corpuscular hypothesis." Eos 75, no. 52 (1994): 609, 612-613. (Covers the period 1892 through the 1930s, the development of the first "modern" theory of geomagnetic storms; second in a series of three articles.)
Cliver, E. W. "Solar activity and geomagnetic storms: from M regions and flares to coronal holes and CMEs." Eos 76, no. 8 (1995): 75, 83. (Covers the period 1930 to the present, focusing on the identification of solar sources of the two basic types of geomagnetic storms; third in a series of three articles.)
Feldstein, Y. I. "A quarter of a century with the auroral oval." Eos 67, no. 40 (1986): 761, 765-767. (Reviews studies concerning the global distribution of auroras, in particular the auroral oval concept derived from data obtained during the International Geophysical Year.)
Gilbert, G. N. "Growth and decline of a scientific specialty: the case of radar meteor research." Eos 58, no. 5 (1977): 273-277. (Uses the study of meteors by radar from the 1930s until around 1960 as an example of the evolution of research specialites in science.)
Henriksen, K., and A. Egeland. "The interpretation of the auroral green line: a historic preamble and the present state of knowledge." Eos 69, no. 29 (1988): 721, 733-734. (Reviews the beginnings of auroral spectroscopy, particularly the pioneering work of Lars Vegard in the early 20th Century.)
Holzworth, R. H., II. "Folklore and the aurora." Eos Trans. AGU 56, no. 10 (1975): 686-688. (Brief account of folktales of the aurora from North America, Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand.)
Mendillo, M., and J. Keady. "Watching the aurora from colonial America." Eos 57, no. 7 (1976): 485-491.
Nevanlinna, H. "New geomagnetic activity index series published for 1844-1880." Eos 76, no. 23 (1995): 233-234. (Discusses the work of the Helsinki Magnetic Observatory, founded in 1838.)
Nygrén, T., and J. Silén. "A. E. Nordenskiöld and the auroral oval." Eos 63, no. 26 (1982): 553, 555. (Account of Nordenskiöld's auroral observations during the "Vega" expedition of 1878-1879 and his concept of an auroral ring circling the magnetic pole.)
Pomerantz, M. A. "The ancestry of solar-terrestrial research." Eos 55, no. 11 (1974): 955-957. (Brief sketch of 19th Century milestones in the study of solar activity and geomagnetic disturbances.)
Schroeder, W. "Some aspects of the history of auroral research." Eos 60, no. 51 (1979): 1035-1036.
Silverman, S. "19th century auroral observations reveal solar activity patterns." Eos 78, no. 14 (1997): 145, 149-150.
Silverman, S. M. "Joseph Henry and John Henry Lefroy: a common 19th century vision of auroral research." Eos 70, no. 15 (1989): 227-240.
Siscoe, G. L. "An historical footnote on the origin of "aurora borealis"." Eos Trans. AGU 59, no. 12 (1978): 994-997. (Traces the first published appearance of the term to a 1619 work probably authored by Galileo.)
Stern, D. P. "Remembering Robert Goddard's vision 100 years later." Eos 80, no. 38 (1999): 441. (Deals with the early history of rocketry; see additional information on the history of spaceflight on the web site "From Stargazers to Starships" by David P. Stern, http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Sintro.htm )
Toman, K. "Christian Doppler and the Doppler effect." Eos 65,
no. 48 (1984): 1193, 1194.
Allwardt, A. O. "Working at cross-purposes: Holmes and Vening Meinesz on convection." Eos 69, no. 41 (1988): 899-906. (Contrasts subcrustal convection models proposed in the 1930s.)
Girdler, R. W. "A. M. Quennell: father of transform faults and poles of rotation?" Eos 70, no. 13 (1989): 193, 199, 205. (Discusses Quennell's pioneering use of plate tectonic concepts in the 1940s and 1950s.)
Mareschal, J. C. "Plate tectonics: scientific revolution or scientific program?" Eos 68, no. 20 (1987): 529, 532-533.
Opdyke, N. D. "Reversals of the Earth's magnetic field and the acceptance
of crustal mobility in North America: a view from the trenches." Eos
66,
no. 47 (1985): 1177,1181-1182. (Personal recollection of the acceptance
of plate tectonics among researchers at Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory
in the 1960s.)
VOLCANOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND PETROLOGY
Rampino, M. R. "Distant effects of the Tambora eruption of April 1815: an eyewitness account." Eos 70, no. 51 (1989): 1559.
Sigurdsson, H. "Volcanic pollution and climate: the 1783 Laki eruption." Eos 63, no. 32 (1982): 601-602. (Story of the 18th Century eruption of the Laki crater-row in Iceland and its effects on global climate.)
Simkin, T., and R. S. Fiske. "Krakatau 1883: a classic geophysical event." Eos 64, no. 34 (1983): 513-514.
Uchrin, G. "Olympiodorus's eruption of Mount Etna: a possible date of
A.D. 417." Eos 71, no. 11 (1990): 329, 334.
Nicolet, M. "Historical aspects of the IGY." Eos 64, no. 19 (1983): 369-370. [Discusses the planning and organizing of the International Geophysical Year, 1957-1958.]
Pomerantz, M. A. "Benjamin Franklin: the compleat geophysicist." Eos 57, no. 7 (1976): 492-505. (Includes several extracts from Franklin's scientific writings, chiefly on meteorological topics.)
Udias, A. "Jose de Acosta (1539-1600): a pioneer of geophysics." Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union 67, no. 19 (1986): 461-462. (Describes the accounts of geophysical phenomena in de Acosta's 1590 publication -- one of the first books written about the North American continent -- magnetic declination, ocean tides and currents, volcanoes, earthquakes, winds, and climate.)
Udias, A., and W. Stauder. "Jesuit geophysical observatories." Eos 72, no. 16 (1991): 185, 188-189. (Focuses on meteorological, geomagnetic, and seismological observatories operated by the Jesuits during the 19th and 20th centuries, and gives highlights of earlier Jesuit scientific contributions.)
Van Allen, J. A. "Genesis of the International Geophysical Year." Eos 64, no. 50 (1983): 977. (Personal account of Van Allen's involvement in organizing the International Geophysical Year, 1957-1958.)