Proton 8K82K / 11S86 - Proton 8K82K / 11S86 Block DM launch vehicle - cutaway drawing showing arrangement of N2O4 oxidiser tanks (green) and UDMH fuel tanks (orange) in Proton, and Liquid oxygen (blue) and kerosene (pink) tanks in the Block DM stage. Block DM guidance package is housed in the light brown compartment above the LOX tank. Credit: © Mark Wade. 6,988 bytes. 60 x 430 pixels.

This four stage version uses the Block DM / 11S86 upper stage, which has its own self-contained guidance unit. This reduces payload but does not require the spacecraft's guidance system to provide steering commands to booster. Used for launches of Russian geosynchronous satellites from 1994 on.

Launches: 9. Failures: 0. Success Rate: 100.00% pct. First Launch Date: 20 January 1994. Last Launch Date: 24 June 2000. Payload: 1,880 kg. to a: geosynchronous orbital trajectory. Liftoff Thrust: 902,100 kgf. Total Mass: 712,460 kg. Core Diameter: 4.2 m. Total Length: 59.0 m. Launch Price $: 70.00 million. in 1994 price dollars.

• Stage Number: 1. 1 x Proton K-1 Gross Mass: 450,510 kg. Empty Mass: 31,100 kg. Thrust (vac): 1,067,659 kgf. Isp: 316 sec. Burn time: 124 sec. Isp(sl): 267 sec. Diameter: 4.2 m. Span: 7.4 m. Length: 21.2 m. Propellants: N2O4/UDMH No Engines: 6. RD-253-11D48

• Stage Number: 2. 1 x Proton K-2 Gross Mass: 167,828 kg. Empty Mass: 11,715 kg. Thrust (vac): 244,652 kgf. Isp: 327 sec. Burn time: 206 sec. Isp(sl): 230 sec. Diameter: 4.2 m. Span: 4.2 m. Length: 14.0 m. Propellants: N2O4/UDMH No Engines: 4. RD-0210

• Stage Number: 3. 1 x Proton K-3 Gross Mass: 50,747 kg. Empty Mass: 4,185 kg. Thrust (vac): 64,260 kgf. Isp: 325 sec. Burn time: 238 sec. Isp(sl): 230 sec. Diameter: 4.2 m. Span: 4.2 m. Length: 6.5 m. Propellants: N2O4/UDMH No Engines: 1. RD-0212

• Stage Number: 4. 1 x Proton 11S861-01 Gross Mass: 18,650 kg. Empty Mass: 2,650 kg. Thrust (vac): 8,510 kgf. Isp: 361 sec. Burn time: 680 sec. Diameter: 3.7 m. Span: 3.7 m. Length: 7.1 m. Propellants: Lox/Kerosene No Engines: 1. RD-58S

• Gals Spacecraft: Gals . Payload: Gals s/n 11L. Mass: 2,500 kg.

  Direct broadcasting satellite (new generation of satellites) intended for development of the Russian television system and international cooperation. Also tested SPT-100 plasma engine.

• Ekspress Spacecraft: Ekspress . Payload: Ekspress s/n 11L. Mass: 2,500 kg.

  First launch of new Ekspress communications satellite. Replaces Gorizont series. Stationed at 14.00W

• Ekspress No. 12 Spacecraft: Ekspress . Payload: Ekspress s/n 12L. Mass: 2,500 kg.

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  Protpyld Credit: © Mark Wade. 17,203 bytes. 671 x 154 pixels.

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  Stationed at 80.0 deg E.

• Kupon Spacecraft: Kupon. Payload: Kupon K95K.

  Geosynchronous. Kupon is the first communications satellite for the Russian banking system, and the first commercial communications satellite sold by the Lavochkin, who have in the past been more commonly associated with planetary probes and early warning satellites. Kupon, owned by the Russian Federation Central Bank (and possibly Global Information Systems of Moscow), relays financial data for the Bankir network.

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  Proton launch Credit: Lockheed-Martin. 14,171 bytes. 134 x 503 pixels.

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• Yamal 101 Spacecraft: Yamal.

  The first two Yamal communications satellites were placed into a 197 km x 36,311 km x 49.3 degree transfer orbit The DM-2M fourth stage made two successful burns, placing the satellites in circular 36,000 km geosynchronous orbits. Yamal 101 reportedly ran into problems after it was deployed. RKK Energia built the new Yamal satellites for AO Gazcom of Moscow, a joint venture of RKKE and RAO Gazprom, the Russian natural gas monopoly. The two satellites will support internal communications for RAO Gazprom.

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  Proton with Granat - Proton with Granat payload Credit: Lockheed Martin. 18,616 bytes. 356 x 446 pixels.

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• Yamal 102 Spacecraft: Yamal.

  Geosynchronous communications satellite. Stationed at 90 deg E.

• Ekspress 6A Spacecraft: Ekspress. Payload: Ekspress A No. 2.

  GO Kosmicheskaya Svyaz geosynchronous communications satellite, to be assigned to the Ekspress 6A slot at 80E. Replaced the first Ekspress A, lost in a launch failure in 1999. Russian satellite bus with a ommunications payload from Alcatel France. Stationed at 80 deg E.

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  Proton sunrise Credit: Lockheed Martin. 6,963 bytes. 181 x 273 pixels.

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• Sesat Spacecraft: Ekspress. Payload: SESAT.

  Sesat (Siberia-Europe Satellite) used an MSS-2500-GSO (Gals/Ekspress) satellite bus built by NPO PM of Krasnoyarsk, with an Alcatel Espace France payload of 18 Ku-band transponders. The satellite had 8 Fakel SPD-100 plasma thrusters for stationkeeping. Eutelsat operated their Hot Bird fleet of European television broadcast satellites since the 1980's, but the venture into broadcasting to Siberia represented a new step for them. Stationed at 36 deg E.

• Ekspress A No. 3 Spacecraft: Ekspress.

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  Universal Rockets - Chelomei's Universal Rocket Family. From left to right: UR-200. Original UR-500 configuration, composed of clustered UR-200's. Conventional UR-500 monoblock configuration. Selected UR-500 polyblock configuration. UR-500 two-stage configuration as flown. UR-500K configuration with Block D upper stage. Credit: © Mark Wade. 36,031 bytes. 630 x 351 pixels.

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  Geosynchronous communications satellite. Stationed at 11 deg W.

• 67 - Kaesmann, Ferdinand, et. al., Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, "Proton - Development of A Russian Launch Vehicle", 1998, Volume 51, page 3.
• 42 - Isakowitz, Steven J,, International Reference to Space Launch Systems Second Edition, AIAA, Washington DC, 1991.
• 151 - Clark, P S, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, "Soviet Spacecraft Masses for Deep Space Missions", 1985, Volume 38, page 25.
• 219 - Mission Planner's Manual - Proton Commercial Launch Vehicle, Space Commerce Corporation, Houston, TX 1989.
• 274 - Vladimirov, A, Novosti kosmonavtiki, "Tablitsa zapuskov RN 'Proton' i 'Proton K'", 1998, Issue 10, page 25.

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R-7 vs Proton - R-7 / Proton LVs Cutaway Credit: © Mark Wade. 10,191 bytes. 287 x 720 pixels.

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