What Is Pericarditis?
Pericarditis (PER-i-kar-DI-tis) is a condition in
which the membrane, or sac, around your heart is inflamed. This sac is called
the pericardium (per-i-KAR-de-um).
The pericardium holds the heart in place and helps
it work properly. The sac is made of two thin layers of tissue that enclose
your heart. Between the two layers is a small amount of fluid. This fluid keeps
the layers from rubbing against each other and causing friction.
Pericardium
Figure A shows the location of the
heart and a normal heart and pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart). The
inset image is an enlarged cross-section of the pericardium that shows its two
layers of tissue and the fluid between the layers. Figure B shows the heart
with pericarditis. The inset image is an enlarged cross-section that shows the
inflamed and thickened layers of the pericardium.
In pericarditis, the layers of tissue become
inflamed and can rub against the heart. This causes chest pain, a common
symptom of pericarditis.
The chest pain from pericarditis may feel like pain
from a
heart
attack. If you have chest pain, you should call 911 right away,
as you may be having a heart attack.
Overview
Many factors can cause pericarditis. Viral
infections are likely a common cause of pericarditis, although the virus may
never be found. Bacterial, fungal, and other infections also can cause
pericarditis.
Other possible causes include heart attack or
heart
surgery, other medical conditions, injuries, and certain medicines. In many
cases, the cause is unknown.
Pericarditis can be acute or chronic. "Acute" means
that it occurs suddenly and usually doesn't last long. "Chronic" means that it
develops over time and may take longer to treat.
Both acute and chronic pericarditis can disrupt your
heart's normal rhythm and/or function and possibly (although rarely) lead to
death. However, most cases of pericarditis are mild; they clear up on their own
or with rest and simple treatment.
Other times, more intense treatments are needed to
prevent complications. Treatments may include medicines and, less often,
procedures or surgery.
Outlook
It may take from a few days to weeks or even months
to recover from pericarditis. With proper and prompt treatment, such as rest
and ongoing care, most people fully recover from pericarditis. These measures
also can help reduce the chances of getting the condition again.
Revised August 2010
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