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NAMES >> Index >>Finches, NW warblers & orioles

IOC English Name
Scientific Name
Range
Comments
    
 
ORDER PASSERIFORMES
 PHY : The Passeriformes, or perching birds, include the majority of world bird species; parrots are the sister group of the perching birds (Hackett et al. 2008)
    
Przevalski's Finch (1)
Family Urocynchramidae
  
Przevalski's FinchUrocynchramus pylzowi  Przewalski, 1876OR : Tibet to c ChinaPHY, ENG : Przevalski‘s Finch, previously called Pink-tailed Rosefinch, is a relict member of an ancient separate lineage that is as old as, or older than other families of finches; it belongs in its own monotypic family Urocynchramidae, with a name change (Groth 2000)
    
Finches (218)
Family Fringillidae
  
Common ChaffinchFringilla coelebs  Linnaeus, 1758EU : c, w, also n Africa and Canary Islands 
       F. c. gengleri  Kleinschmidt, O, 1909British Isles 
       F. c. coelebs  Linnaeus, 1758Europe (except British Isles, sw and se) to c Asia 
       F. c. solomkoi  Menzbier & Sushkin, 1913Balkans to Crimea and sw Caucasus 
       F. c. balearica  von Jordans, 1923Iberia and Balearic Is. 
       F. c. tyrrhenica  Schiebel, 1910Corsica 
       F. c. sarda  Rapine, 1925Sardinia 
       F. c. schiebeli  Stresemann, 1925s Greece, Crete and w Turkey 
       F. c. syriaca  Harrison, JM, 1945Cyprus, se Turkey to n Iraq and Jordan 
       F. c. caucasica  Serebrovski, 1925n Turkey, c and e Caucasus and nw Iran 
       F. c. alexandrovi  Zarudny, 1916n Iran 
       F. c. transcaspia  Zarudny, 1916ne Iran and sw Turkmenistan 
       F. c. africana  Levaillant, J, 1850Morocco to nw Tunesia, ne Libya 
       F. c. spodiogenys  Bonaparte, 1841e Tunesia and nw Libya 
       F. c. moreletti  Pucheran, 1859Azore Is. 
       F. c. maderensis  Sharpe, 1888Madeira 
       F. c. canariensis  Vieillot, 1817c Canary Is. 
       F. c. ombriosa  Hartert, 1913Hierro I. (sw Canary Is.) 
       F. c. palmae  Tristram, 1889La Palma I. (nw Canary I.) 
Blue ChaffinchFringilla teydea  Webb, Berthelot & Moquin-Tandon, 1836AF : Canary Islands 
       F. t. teydea  Webb, Berthelot & Moquin-Tandon, 1836Tenerife I. 
       F. t. polatzeki  Hartert, 1905Gran Canaria I. 
BramblingFringilla montifringilla  Linnaeus, 1758EU : widespread, also n Africa 
Red-fronted SerinSerinus pusillus  (Pallas, 1811)EU : c, sc 
European SerinSerinus serinus  (Linnaeus, 1766)EU : w, sw, also n Africa 
Syrian SerinSerinus syriacus  Bonaparte, 1850EU, AF : Syria and Iraq to Egypt 
Atlantic CanarySerinus canaria  (Linnaeus, 1758)AF : Canary Islands, Azores, Madeira 
Tibetan SerinSerinus thibetanus  (Hume, 1872)OR : Nepal to sw China and n Burma 
Cape CanarySerinus canicollis  (Swainson, 1838)AF : s 
       S. c. griseitergum  Clancey, 1967e Zimbabwe and w Mozambique 
       S. c. canicollis  (Swainson, 1838)South Africa 
Yellow-crowned CanarySerinus flavivertex  (Blanford, 1869)AF : ne, e Africa, c Angola 
       S. f. flavivertex  (Blanford, 1869)Eritrea and Ethiopia to n Tanzania 
       S. f. sassii  Neumann, 1922e DRCongo and sw Uganda to ne Zambia and n Malawi 
       S. f. huillensis  Sousa, 1889c Angola 
Ethiopian SiskinSerinus nigriceps  Rüppell, 1840AF : Ethiopia 
Mountain SerinSerinus estherae  (Finsch, 1902)OR : Sumatra, Java, Philippines, also Sulawesi 
       S. e. vanderbilti  Meyer de Schauensee, 1939n Sumatra 
       S. e. estherae  (Finsch, 1902)w Java 
       S. e. chaseni  Kinzelbach, Dickinson & Somadikarta, 2009e Java 
       S. e. renatae  Schuchmann & Wolters, 1982Sulawesi 
       S. e. mindanensis  Ripley & Rabor, 1961Mindanao (s Philippines) 
African CitrilCrithagra citrinelloides  (Rüppell, 1840)AF : s Sudan; w,c Ethiopia, w Kenya 
       C. c. citrinelloides  (Rüppell, 1840)Eritrea and Ethiopia 
       C. c. kikuyensis  (Neumann, 1905)w Kenya 
Western CitrilCrithagra frontalis  (Reichenow, 1904)AF : ce 
Southern CitrilCrithagra hyposticta  (Reichenow, 1904)AF : e, se 
       C. h. brittoni  (Traylor, 1970)s Sudan to w Kenya 
       C. h. hyposticta  (Reichenow, 1904)se Kenya to ne Zambia and Malawi 
Black-faced CanaryCrithagra capistrata  Finsch & Hartlaub, 1870AF : c 
       C. c. capistrata  Finsch, 1870Gabon and Congo to e DRCongo and Burundi, n Angola, s DRCongo and n Zambia 
       C. c. hildegardae  (Rand & Traylor, 1959)c Angola 
Papyrus CanaryCrithagra koliensis  (Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1952)AF : ec 
Forest CanaryCrithagra scotops  Sundevall, 1850AF : South Africa 
       C. s. kirbyi  Dowsett, 2012ne South Africa 
       C. s. umbrosa  (Clancey, 1964)inland e and s South Africa 
       C. s. scotops  Sundevall, 1850lowland e and s South Africa 
White-rumped SeedeaterCrithagra leucopygia  Sundevall, 1850AF : w, c, e 
       C. l. riggenbachi  (Neumann, 1908)Mauritania, Senegal and Gambia to w Sudan and Central African Republic 
       C. l. pallens  (Vaurie, 1956)Niger 
       C. l. leucopygia  Sundevall, 1850e Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia and nw Uganda 
Black-throated CanaryCrithagra atrogularis  (Smith, A, 1836)AF : e, s 
       C. a. somereni  (Hartert, 1912)ne DRCongo, Uganda and w Kenya to nw Tanzania 
       C. a. lwenarum  (White, CMN, 1944)Gabon and Congo to sw Tanzania, c Zambbia and c Angola 
       C. a. atrogularis  (Smith, A, 1836)se Botswana, Zimbabwe (except w) and n South Africa 
       C. a. impiger  (Clancey, 1959)c South Africa and Lesotho 
       C. a. semideserti  (Roberts, 1932)s Angola and ne Namibia to w Zimbabwe 
       C. a. deserti  (Reichenow, 1918)sw Angola to w South Africa 
Yellow-rumped SeedeaterCrithagra xanthopygia  (Rüppell, 1840)AF : Ethiopia, Eritrea 
Reichenow's SeedeaterCrithagra reichenowi  (Salvadori, 1888)AF : e 
Arabian SerinCrithagra rothschildi  (Ogilvie-Grant, 1902)EU : w, sw Arabian Peninsula 
Yellow-throated SeedeaterCrithagra flavigula  (Salvadori, 1888)AF : Ethiopia 
Salvadori's SeedeaterCrithagra xantholaema  (Salvadori, 1896)AF : Ethiopia 
Lemon-breasted CanaryCrithagra citrinipectus  (Clancey & Lawson, 1960)AF : seTAX : Correct gender of species name of Lemon-breasted Canary from citrinipecta to citrinipectus (BBOC 122:34)
Yellow-fronted CanaryCrithagra mozambica  (Statius Müller, 1776)AF : w, c, e, s 
       C. m. caniceps  (d'Orbigny, 1839)s Mauritania, Senegal and Gambia to N Cameroon 
       C. m. punctigula  (Reichenow, 1898)c and s Cameroon 
       C. m. grotei  (Sclater, WL & Mackworth-Praed, 1931)e Sudan, w and sw Ethiopia 
       C. m. gommaensis  (Grant & Mackworth-Praed, 1945)Eritrea, nw and c Ethiopia 
       C. m. barbata  Heuglin, 1864s Chad and Central African Republic to sw Kenya and c Tanzania 
       C. m. tando  (Sclater, WL & Mackworth-Praed, 1918)Gabon to Angola 
       C. m. samaliyae  (White, CMN, 1947)se DRCongo, sw Tanzania and ne Zambia 
       C. m. vansoni  (Roberts, 1932)se Angola, ne Namibia and sw Zambia 
       C. m. mozambica  (Statius Müller, 1776)Kenya to e Botswana, Zimbabwe, ne South Africa and sc Mozambique 
       C. m. granti  (Clancey, 1957)s Mozambique and e South Africa 
Northern Grosbeak-CanaryCrithagra donaldsoni  (Sharpe, 1895)AF : ne 
Southern Grosbeak-CanaryCrithagra buchanani  (Hartert, 1919)AF : e 
Yellow CanaryCrithagra flaviventris  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)AF : s 
       C. f. damarensis  (Roberts, 1922)sw Angola, Namibia, Botswana and nc South Africa 
       C. f. flaviventris  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)extreme s Namibia, w and sw Sout Africa 
       C. f. guillarmodi  (Roberts, 1936)highlands of Lesotho 
       C. f. marshalli  (Shelley, 1902)se Botswana, c and ne South Africa, lowlands of Lesotho 
White-bellied CanaryCrithagra dorsostriata  Reichenow, 1887AF : e 
       C. d. maculicollis  (Sharpe, 1895)Ethiopia and Somalia through c and e Kenya to ne Tanzania 
       C. d. dorsostriata  Reichenow, 1887se Uganda, w Kenya and nw Tanzania 
Brimstone CanaryCrithagra sulphurata  (Linnaeus, 1766)AF : e, se, s 
       C. s. sharpii  (Neumann, 1900)Angola to ne DRCongo, Kenya, Tanzania and n Mozambique 
       C. s. wilsoni  Roberts, 1936Zimbabwe, s Mozambique, Swaziland and e South Africa 
       C. s. sulphurata  (Linnaeus, 1766)s South Africa 
White-throated CanaryCrithagra albogularis  Smith, A, 1833AF : sw, s 
       C. a. crocopygia  (Sharpe, 1871)sw Angola and n Namibia 
       C. a. sordahlae  (Friedmann, 1932)s Namibia and nw South Africa 
       C. a. orangensis  Roberts, 1937n South Africa 
       C. a. albogularis  Smith, A, 1833w South Africa 
       C. a. hewitti  Roberts, 1937c and se South Africa 
Reichard's SeedeaterCrithagra reichardi  (Reichenow, 1882)AF : e 
       C. r. striatipecta  (Sharpe, 1891)s Sudan, s Ethiopia and n Kenya 
       C. r. reichardi  (Reichenow, 1882)s DRCongo to c Tanzania and n Mozambique 
Streaky-headed SeedeaterCrithagra gularis  (Smith, A, 1836)AF : sc, s 
       C. g. benguellensis  (Reichenow, 1904)Guinea, Sierra Leone and s Mali to n Cameroon 
       C. g. elgonensis  (Ogilvie-Grant, 1912)s Chad to s Sudan, w Kenya and n DRCongo 
       C. g. endemion  (Clancey, 1952)s Mozambique and e South Africa 
       C. g. gularis  (Smith, A, 1836)se Botswana and n South Africa 
       C. g. humilis  (Bonaparte, 1850)s South Africa 
       C. g. mendosa  (Clancey, 1966)ne Botswana, Zimbabwe and nw Mozambique 
       C. g. montium  (Bannerman, 1923)e Nigeria to c Cameroon 
West African SeedeaterCrithagra canicapilla  (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855)AF : wc, c 
Black-eared SeedeaterCrithagra mennelli  (Chubb, EC, 1908)AF : sc 
Brown-rumped SeedeaterCrithagra tristriata  (Rüppell, 1840)AF : ne 
Ankober SerinCrithagra ankoberensis  (Ash, 1979)AF : Ethiopia 
Yemen SerinCrithagra menachensis  (Ogilvie-Grant, 1913)EU : sw Arabian Peninsula 
Streaky SeedeaterCrithagra striolata  (Rüppell, 1840)AF : e 
       C. s. graueri  (Hartert, 1907)e DRCongo, sw Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi 
       C. s. striolata  (Rüppell, 1840)Eritrea, Ethiopia and se Sudan to Tanzania and n Malawi 
Yellow-browed SeedeaterCrithagra whytii  (Shelley, 1897)AF : e 
Thick-billed SeedeaterCrithagra burtoni  (Gray, GR, 1862)AF : c, ec 
       C. b. burtoni  (Gray, GR, 1862)se Nigeria, sw Cameroon and Bioko I. 
       C. b. tanganjicae  (Granvik, 1923)wc Angola, e DRCongo to w Uganda, w Rwanda and w Burundi 
       C. b. kilimensis  Richmond, 1897e Uganda, sw Kenya and w Tanzania 
       C. b. albifrons  Sharpe, 1891e Kenya 
Kipengere SeedeaterCrithagra melanochroa  (Reichenow, 1900)AF : Tanzania 
Principe SeedeaterCrithagra rufobrunnea  (Gray, GR, 1862)AF : Príncipe, Săo Tomé 
       C. r. rufobrunnea  (Gray, GR, 1862)Principe I. 
       C. r. fradei  (Naurois, 1975)Ilhéu Caroco off s Príncipe 
       C. r. thomensis  (Barboza du Bocage, 1888)Săo Tomé 
Protea CanaryCrithagra leucoptera  Sharpe, 1871AF : South Africa 
Cape SiskinCrithagra totta  (Sparrman, 1786)AF : South Africa 
Drakensberg SiskinCrithagra symonsi  (Roberts, 1916)AF : South Africa 
Black-headed CanaryCrithagra alario  (Linnaeus, 1758)AF : South Africa 
       C. a. leucolaema  (Sharpe, 1903)s Namibia, nw and wc South Africa 
       C. a. alario  (Linnaeus, 1758)w and c South Africa, Lesotho 
Sao Tome GrosbeakNeospiza concolor  (Barboza du Bocage, 1888)AF : Săo Tomé 
Oriole FinchLinurgus olivaceus  (Fraser, 1843)AF : wc, c, e 
       L. o. olivaceus  (Fraser, 1843)se Nigeria, w Cameroon and Bioko I. 
       L. o. prigoginei  Schouteden, 1950e DRCongo, sw Uganda, w Rwanda and w Burundi 
       L. o. elgonensis  van Someren, 1918se Sudan, e Uganda and w and c Kenya 
       L. o. kilimensis  (Reichenow & Neumann, 1895)s Kenya, Tanzania and n Malawi 
Socotra Golden-winged GrosbeakRhynchostruthus socotranus  Sclater, PL & Hartlaub, 1881EU : Socotra Is 
Arabian Golden-winged GrosbeakRhynchostruthus percivali  Ogilvie-Grant, 1900EU : sw Arabian PeninsulaAS : Rhynchostruthus percivali is split from R.socotranus (Kirwan & Grieve 2007, BLI 1.0)
Somali Golden-winged GrosbeakRhynchostruthus louisae  Lort Phillips, 1897AF : Somalia 
Jamaican EuphoniaEuphonia jamaica  (Linnaeus, 1766)NA : Jamaica 
Plumbeous EuphoniaEuphonia plumbea  Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855SA : n 
Scrub EuphoniaEuphonia affinis  (Lesson, 1842)MA : Mexico to Costa Rica 
       E. a. godmani  Brewster, 1889w Mexico 
       E. a. olmecorum  Dickerman, 1981e Mexicoi 
       E. a. affinis  (Lesson, 1842)s Mexico to Costa Rica 
Yellow-crowned EuphoniaEuphonia luteicapilla  (Cabanis, 1861)MA : Nicaragua to Panama 
Purple-throated EuphoniaEuphonia chlorotica  (Linnaeus, 1766)SA : n, Amazonia, sc 
       E. c. cynophora  (Oberholser, 1918)e Colombia, s Venezuela and n Brazil 
       E. c. chlorotica  (Linnaeus, 1766)the Guianas, ne and e Brazil 
       E. c. amazonica  Parkes, 1969nc and c Brazil 
       E. c. taczanowskii  Sclater, PL, 1886Peru and n Bolivia 
       E. c. serrirostris  d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837se Boliva and s Brazil to c Argentina 
Trinidad EuphoniaEuphonia trinitatis  Strickland, 1851SA : n 
Velvet-fronted EuphoniaEuphonia concinna  Sclater, PL, 1855SA : Colombia 
Orange-crowned EuphoniaEuphonia saturata  (Cabanis, 1861)SA : Colombia to Peru 
Finsch's EuphoniaEuphonia finschi  Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1877SA : Venezuela, Guianas 
Violaceous EuphoniaEuphonia violacea  (Linnaeus, 1758)SA : n, sc 
       E. v. rodwayi  (Penard, TE, 1919)Venezuela and Trinidad 
       E. v. violacea  (Linnaeus, 1758)the Guianas and n Brazil 
       E. v. aurantiicollis  Bertoni, W, 1901e Brazil to n Paraguay and ne Argentina 
Thick-billed EuphoniaEuphonia laniirostris  d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837LA : Costa Rica to Amazonia 
       E. l. crassirostris  Sclater, PL, 1857Costa Rica to w Venezuela 
       E. l. melanura  Sclater, PL, 1851e Colombia to e Peru and nc Brazil 
       E. l. hypoxantha  Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884w Ecuador and nw Peru 
       E. l. zopholega  (Oberholser, 1918)ec Peru 
       E. l. laniirostris  d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837se Peru and n Bolivia to c Brazil 
Yellow-throated EuphoniaEuphonia hirundinacea  Bonaparte, 1838MA : e Mexico to Panama 
       E. h. suttoni  Phillips, AR, 1966e Mexico 
       E. h. caribbaea  Phillips, AR, 1966sc Mexico 
       E. h. hirundinacea  Bonaparte, 1838se Mexico to e Nicaragua 
       E. h. gnatho  (Cabanis, 1861)nw Nicaragua to w Panama 
Green-chinned EuphoniaEuphonia chalybea  (Mikan, 1825)SA : se 
Elegant EuphoniaEuphonia elegantissima  (Bonaparte, 1838)MA : Mexico to Honduras 
       E. e. rileyi  (van Rossem, 1942)nw Mexico 
       E. e. elegantissima  (Bonaparte, 1838)c Mexico to Honduras 
Golden-rumped EuphoniaEuphonia cyanocephala  (Vieillot, 1819)SA : n Colombia to Trinidad and the Guianas, south to n Argentina, se Brazil, e Paraguay. 
       E. c. pelzelni  Sclater, PL, 1886s Colombia and w Ecuador 
       E. c. insignis  Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1877c Ecuador 
       E. c. cyanocephala  (Vieillot, 1819)e Columbia through n Venezuela to Trinidad; the Guianas; eastern slope of Andes from Peru to Bolivia; discontinously in se Brazil, nw Argentina and e Paraguay 
Antillean EuphoniaEuphonia musica  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)NA : West Indies 
       E. m. musica  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)Hispaniola 
       E. m. sclateri  (Sclater, PL, 1854)Puerto Rico 
       E. m. flavifrons  (Sparrman, 1789)Lesser Antilles 
Fulvous-vented EuphoniaEuphonia fulvicrissa  Sclater, PL, 1857LA : Panama to Ecuador 
       E. f. fulvicrissa  Sclater, PL, 1857c Panama to w Colombia 
       E. f. omissa  Hartert, 1913c Colombia 
       E. f. purpurascens  Hartert, 1901sw Colombia and nw Ecuador 
Spot-crowned EuphoniaEuphonia imitans  (Hellmayr, 1936)MA : Costa Rica, Panama 
Olive-backed EuphoniaEuphonia gouldi  Sclater, PL, 1857MA : se Mexico to Panama 
       E. g. gouldi  Sclater, PL, 1857se Mexico to Honduras 
       E. g. praetermissa  (Peters, JL, 1929)se Honduras to Panama 
White-lored EuphoniaEuphonia chrysopasta  Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1869SA : w, n Amazonia 
       E. c. chrysopasta  Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1869w Amazonia 
       E. c. nitida  (Penard, TE, 1923)e Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas and n Brazil 
Bronze-green EuphoniaEuphonia mesochrysa  Salvadori, 1873SA : Colombia to Bolivia 
       E. m. mesochrysa  Salvadori, 1873c Colombia to e Ecuador 
       E. m. media  (Zimmer, 1943)n and c Peru 
       E. m. tavarae  (Chapman, 1925)se Peru to c Bolivia 
White-vented EuphoniaEuphonia minuta  Cabanis, 1849LA : Mexico to Ecuador, Guianas to c Bolivia 
       E. m. humilis  (Cabanis, 1861)s Mexico to nw Ecuador 
       E. m. minuta  Cabanis, 1849Amazonia 
Tawny-capped EuphoniaEuphonia anneae  Cassin, 1865LA : Costa Rica to Colombia 
       E. a. anneae  Cassin, 1865Costa Rica to w Panama 
       E. a. rufivertex  Salvin, 1866w Panama to nw Colombia 
Orange-bellied EuphoniaEuphonia xanthogaster  Sundevall, 1834LA : Panama to Bolivia and e Brazil 
       E. x. oressinoma  Olson, 1981w Panama to nw Colombia 
       E. x. chocoensis  Hellmayr, 1911e Panama to nw Ecuador 
       E. x. badissima  Olson, 1981n Colombia and nw Venezuela 
       E. x. quitensis  (Nelson, 1912)w Ecuador and nw Peru 
       E. x. dilutior  (Zimmer, 1943)se Colombia and ne Peru 
       E. x. cyanonota  Parkes, 1969w and c Brazil 
       E. x. brunneifrons  Chapman, 1901se Peru 
       E. x. ruficeps  d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837w Bolivia 
       E. x. brevirostris  Bonaparte, 1851e Colombia, e Ecuador and e Peru 
       E. x. exsul  Berlepsch, 1912ne Colombia and n Venezuela 
       E. x. xanthogaster  Sundevall, 1834e Brazil 
Rufous-bellied EuphoniaEuphonia rufiventris  (Vieillot, 1819)SA : w, n Amazonia 
       E. r. rufiventris  (Vieillot, 1819)w Amazonia 
       E. r. carnegiei  Dickerman, 1988s Venezuela 
Chestnut-bellied EuphoniaEuphonia pectoralis  (Latham, 1802)SA : se 
Golden-sided EuphoniaEuphonia cayennensis  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)SA : n Amazonia 
Yellow-collared ChlorophoniaChlorophonia flavirostris  Sclater, PL, 1861SA : Colombia, Ecuador 
Blue-naped ChlorophoniaChlorophonia cyanea  (Thunberg, 1822)SA : n, w, se 
       C. c. psittacina  Bangs, 1902n Colombia 
       C. c. frontalis  (Sclater, PL, 1851)n Venezuela 
       C. c. minuscula  Hellmayr, 1922ne Venezuela 
       C. c. roraimae  Salvin & Godman, 1884s Venezuela, nw Brazil and Guyana 
       C. c. intensa  Zimmer, 1943w Colombia 
       C. c. longipennis  (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855)w Venezuela to c Bolivia 
       C. c. cyanea  (Thunberg, 1822)se Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina 
Chestnut-breasted ChlorophoniaChlorophonia pyrrhophrys  (Sclater, PL, 1851)SA : Venezuela to Peru 
Blue-crowned ChlorophoniaChlorophonia occipitalis  (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847)MA : Mexico to Nicaragua 
Golden-browed ChlorophoniaChlorophonia callophrys  (Cabanis, 1861)MA : Costa Rica, Panama 
European GreenfinchChloris chloris  (Linnaeus, 1758)EU : w, sw, sc 
       C. c. harrisoni  Clancey, 1940Britain (except n Scotland) and Ireland 
       C. c. chloris  (Linnaeus, 1758)n Scotland, n and c France and Norway to w Siberia 
       C. c. muehlei  Parrot, 1905Serbia and Montenegro to Moldovia, Bulgaria and Greece 
       C. c. aurantiiventris  (Cabanis, 1851)s Spain through s Europe to w Greece 
       C. c. madaraszi  Tschusi, 1911Corsica and Sardinia 
       C. c. vanmarli  Voous, 1951nw Spain, Portugal and nw Morocco 
       C. c. voousi  (Roselaar, 1993)c Morocco and n Algeria 
       C. c. chlorotica  (Bonaparte, 1850)sc Turkey to ne Egypt 
       C. c. bilkevitchi  Zarudny, 1911s Ukraine, the Caucasus and ne Turkey to n Iran and sw Turkmenistan 
       C. c. turkestanica  Zarudny, 1907s Kazakhstan to Kyrgyzstan and c Tajikistan 
Grey-capped GreenfinchChloris sinica  (Linnaeus, 1766)EU : e, also e China to Vietnam 
       C. s. ussuriensis  Hartert, 1903ne China, Korea and e Siberia 
       C. s. kawarahiba  (Temminck, 1836)Kamchatka, Kuril Is., and ne Hokkaido (n Japan) 
       C. s. minor  (Temminck & Schlegel, 1848)s Hokkaido (n Japan) to Kyushu (s Japan) 
       C. s. kittlitzi  (Seebohm, 1890)Bonin and Iwo Is. 
       C. s. sinica  (Linnaeus, 1766)c and e China to c Vietnam 
Yellow-breasted GreenfinchChloris spinoides  (Vigors, 1831)OR : Pakistan to Burma 
       C. s. spinoides  (Vigors, 1831)Pakistan, the Himalayas, ne India and s Tibet 
       C. s. heinrichi  (Stresemann, 1940)ne India and w Burma 
Vietnamese GreenfinchChloris monguilloti  (Delacour, 1926)OR : Vietnam 
Black-headed GreenfinchChloris ambigua  (Oustalet, 1896)OR : Himalayas to n Thailand 
       C. a. taylori  (Kinnear, 1939)se Tibet 
       C. a. ambigua  (Oustalet, 1896)e and ne Burma, s China and n Indochina 
Eurasian SiskinCarduelis spinus  (Linnaeus, 1758)EU : widespread, also n Africa 
Pine SiskinCarduelis pinus  (Wilson, A, 1810)NA, MA : Canada to Guatemala 
       C. p. pinus  (Wilson, A, 1810)Alaska, Canada and w and ne USA 
       C. p. macroptera  (Bonaparte, 1850)nw and c Mexico 
       C. p. perplexa  (van Rossem, 1938)s Mexico to Guatemala 
Black-capped SiskinCarduelis atriceps  (Salvin, 1863)MA : s Mexico, Guatemala 
Andean SiskinCarduelis spinescens  (Bonaparte, 1850)SA : Colombia, Venezuela 
       C. s. spinescens  (Bonaparte, 1850)ne Colombia, w and n Venezuela 
       C. s. capitanea  (Bangs, 1898)Santa Marta Mts. (n Colombia) 
       C. s. nigricauda  (Chapman, 1912)w Colombia to n Ecuador 
Yellow-faced SiskinCarduelis yarrellii  Audubon, 1839SA : n Venezuela, ne Brazil 
Red SiskinCarduelis cucullata  Swainson, 1820SA : n 
Thick-billed SiskinCarduelis crassirostris  (Landbeck, 1877)SA : s 
       C. c. amadoni  (George, WG, 1964)se Peru 
       C. c. crassirostris  (Landbeck, 1877)s Bolivia, c Chile and nw Argentina 
Hooded SiskinCarduelis magellanica  (Vieillot, 1805)SA : widespread 
       C. m. capitalis  (Cabanis, 1866)c Colombia to c Ecuador and nw Peru 
       C. m. paula  (Todd, 1926)s Ecuador to sw Peru 
       C. m. peruana  (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1896)c Peru 
       C. m. urubambensis  (Todd, 1926)s Peru and n Chile 
       C. m. santaecrucis  (Todd, 1926)c Bolivia 
       C. m. boliviana  (Sharpe, 1888)s Bolivia 
       C. m. hoyi  König, C, 1981c Andes of nw Argentina 
       C. m. tucumana  (Todd, 1926)w Andes of nw Argentina 
       C. m. alleni  (Ridgway, 1899)se Bolivia, w Paraguay and ne Argentina 
       C. m. icterica  (Lichtenstein, 1823)e and s Paraguay and se Brazil 
       C. m. magellanica  (Vieillot, 1805)Uruguay and e Argentina 
       C. m. longirostris  (Sharpe, 1888)s Venezuela, w Guyana and n Brazil 
Antillean SiskinCarduelis dominicensis  (Bryant, H, 1867)NA : Hispaniola 
Saffron SiskinCarduelis siemiradzkii  (Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)SA : sw Ecuador, nw Peru 
Olivaceous SiskinCarduelis olivacea  (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894)SA : e Ecuador to n Bolivia 
Black-headed SiskinCarduelis notata  Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847MA : Mexico to Nicaragua 
       C. n. notata  Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847e and c Mexico, n Guatemala 
       C. n. forreri  (Salvin & Godman, 1886)w Mexico 
       C. n. oleacea  (Griscom, 1932)Belize to n Nicaragua 
Yellow-bellied SiskinCarduelis xanthogastra  (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855)LA : Costa Rico to Bolivia 
       C. x. xanthogastra  (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855)Costa Rica to Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela 
       C. x. stejnegeri  (Sharpe, 1888)se Peru to c Bolivia 
Black SiskinCarduelis atrata  d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837SA : s Peru to n Chile and w Argentina 
Yellow-rumped SiskinCarduelis uropygialis  (Sclater, PL, 1862)SA : s Peru to Chile and w Argentina 
Black-chinned SiskinCarduelis barbata  (Molina, 1782)SA : s Chile, w Argentina 
American GoldfinchCarduelis tristis  (Linnaeus, 1758)NA, MA : Canada to Mexico 
       C. t. pallida  (Mearns, 1890)sc Canada, c and wc USA 
       C. t. jewetti  (van Rossem, 1943)sw Canada and nw USA 
       C. t. salicamans  (Grinnell, 1897)sw USA, nw Mexico 
       C. t. tristis  (Linnaeus, 1758)se Canada, c and e USA 
Lesser GoldfinchCarduelis psaltria  (Say, 1822)NA, LA : w USA to Peru 
       C. p. hesperophila  (Oberholser, 1903)w USA and nw Mexico 
       C. p. witti  (Grant, PR, 1964)Tres Marias Is. (off w Mexico) 
       C. p. psaltria  (Say, 1822)wc USA to sc Mexico 
       C. p. jouyi  (Ridgway, 1898)se Mexico and nw Belize 
       C. p. colombiana  Lafresnaye, 1843s Mexico to Peru and Venezuela 
Lawrence's GoldfinchCarduelis lawrencei  Cassin, 1850NA, MA : sw USA, nw Mexico 
European GoldfinchCarduelis carduelis  (Linnaeus, 1758)EU : w, c, s 
       C. c. britannica  (Hartert, 1903)British Isles, nw France and w Netherlands 
       C. c. carduelis  (Linnaeus, 1758)s Scandinavia to c France and Italy and east to c European Russia 
       C. c. parva  Tschusi, 1901sw Europe, nw Africa, Madeira, Balearic and Canary Is. 
       C. c. tschusii  Arrigoni degli Oddi, 1902Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily 
       C. c. balcanica  Sachtleben, 1919Balkans, Greece, Crete and nw Turkey 
       C. c. niediecki  Reichenow, 1907Middle East 
       C. c. loudoni  Zarudny, 1906e Turkey, s Caucasus and n Iran 
       C. c. colchica  Koudashev, 1915n Caucasus and Crimea (s Ukraine) 
       C. c. volgensis  Buturlin, 1906s Ukraine, s European Russia and nw Kazakhstan 
       C. c. frigoris  Wolters, 1953sw and sc Siberia 
       C. c. paropanisi  Kollibay, 1910w Turkmenistan and e Iran to nw China 
       C. c. subulata  (Gloger, 1833)ne Kazakhstan, sc Siberia and w Mongolia 
       C. c. caniceps  Vigors, 1831w Pakistan to nw Himalayas, sw Tibet and c Nepal 
       C. c. ultima  Koelz, 1949s Iran 
Citril FinchCarduelis citrinella  (Pallas, 1764)EU : s, c Europe 
Corsican FinchCarduelis corsicana  (König, AF, 1899)EU : Sardinia, Corsica 
Common RedpollCarduelis flammea  (Linnaeus, 1758)EU, NA : nTAX : Species taxonomy of redpolls is unsettled, including recognition of Lesser Redpoll Acanthis (flammea) cabaret recognized by BOU (Ottvall et al. 2002, Marthinsen et al 2008)
       C. f. cabaret  (Statius Müller, 1776)Britain to c Europe 
       C. f. flammea  (Linnaeus, 1758)n Europe, Siberia, Alaska and Canada 
       C. f. rostrata  (Coues, 1861)ne Canada, Greenland and Iceland 
Arctic RedpollCarduelis hornemanni  (Holböll, 1843)EU, NA : n 
       C. h. exilipes  (Coues, 1862)n Eurasia, Alaska and nw Canada 
       C. h. hornemanni  (Holböll, 1843)ne Canada and Greenland 
TwiteCarduelis flavirostris  (Linnaeus, 1758)EU : widespread 
       C. f. bensonorum  (Meinertzhagen, 1934)Outer Hebrides (w Scotland) 
       C. f. pipilans  (Latham, 1787)n Ireland and n Britain 
       C. f. flavirostris  (Linnaeus, 1758)n Scandinavia and nw Russia 
       C. f. brevirostris  (Bonaparte, 1855)Turkey, the Caucasus and n Iran 
       C. f. kirghizorum  (Sushkin, 1925)n and c Kazakhstan 
       C. f. korejevi  (Zarudny & Harms, 1914)ne Kazakhstan to nw China 
       C. f. altaica  (Sushkin, 1925)sw Siberia, n and w Mongolia 
       C. f. montanella  (Hume, 1873)Kyrgyzstan to w China 
       C. f. pamirensis  (Zarudny & Harms, 1914)Tajikistan, n Afghjanistan and nw Pakistan 
       C. f. miniakensis  (Jacobi, A, 1923)e Tibet and w China 
       C. f. rufostrigata  (Walton, 1905)w and s Tibet, n India and n Nepal 
Common LinnetCarduelis cannabina  (Linnaeus, 1758)EU : widespread, also nw Africa and Canary Islands 
       C. c. autochthona  (Clancey, 1946)Scotland 
       C. c. cannabina  (Linnaeus, 1758)w, c and n Europe, w and sc Siberia 
       C. c. bella  (Brehm, CL, 1845)Middle East to Mongolia and nw China 
       C. c. mediterranea  (Tschusi, 1903)Iberian Pen., Italy, Greece, nw Africa and Mediterranean islands 
       C. c. guentheri  Wolters, 1953Madeira I. 
       C. c. meadewaldoi  (Hartert, 1901)w and c Canary Is. 
       C. c. harterti  (Bannerman, 1913)e Canary Is. 
Yemen LinnetCarduelis yemenensis  (Ogilvie-Grant, 1913)EU : sw Arabian Peninsula 
Warsangli LinnetCarduelis johannis  (Clarke, S, 1919)AF : ne Somalia 
Plain Mountain FinchLeucosticte nemoricola  (Hodgson, 1836)OR : c Asia 
       L. n. altaica  (Eversmann, 1848)ne Afghanistan to e Kazakhstan and east to s Siberia, w Mongolia, nw China and nw Himalayas 
       L. n. nemoricola  (Hodgson, 1836)c Tibet and c Himalayas to c China 
Brandt's Mountain FinchLeucosticte brandti  Bonaparte, 1850OR : Himalayas 
       L. b. margaritacea  (Madarász, 1904)ne Kazakhstan, s Siberia and nw China 
       L. b. brandti  Bonaparte, 1850Kyrgyzstan, se Kazakhstan and nw China 
       L. b. pamirensis  Severtsov, 1883Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, ne Afghanistan and w China 
       L. b. haematopygia  (Gould, 1851)n Pakistan, nw Himalayas and w Tibet 
       L. b. pallidior  Bianchi, 1908wc China 
       L. b. intermedia  Stegmann, 1932c China 
       L. b. audreyana  Stresemann, 1939s Tibet, Nepal and Bhutan 
       L. b. walteri  (Hartert, 1904)e Tibet and sw China 
Sillem's Mountain FinchLeucosticte sillemi  Roselaar, 1992OR : n India, sw China 
Asian Rosy FinchLeucosticte arctoa  (Pallas, 1811)EU : c, ne 
       L. a. arctoa  (Pallas, 1811)sc Siberia, ne Kazakhstan and nw Mongolia 
       L. a. cognata  (Madarász, 1909)sc Siberia and n Mongolia 
       L. a. sushkini  Stegmann, 1932wc Mongolia 
       L. a. gigliolii  Salvadori, 1869se Siberia 
       L. a. brunneonucha  (Brandt, 1842)e Siberia and ne China 
Grey-crowned Rosy FinchLeucosticte tephrocotis  (Swainson, 1832)NA : e Russia and Alaska to w Canada and USA 
       L. t. maxima  Brooks, WS, 1915Commander Is. (ne Siberia) 
       L. t. griseonucha  (Brandt, 1842)Aleutian and Kodiak Is., Alaska (except n and e) 
       L. t. umbrina  Murie, 1944Hall, St. Matthew and Pribilof Is. in Bering Sea. 
       L. t. irvingi  Feinstein, 1958n Alaska 
       L. t. littoralis  Baird, SF, 1869e Alaska and w Canada 
       L. t. tephrocotis  (Swainson, 1832)wc Canada 
       L. t. dawsoni  Grinnell, 1913e California 
       L. t. wallowa  Miller, AH, 1939ne Oregon 
Black Rosy FinchLeucosticte atrata  Ridgway, 1874NA : wc USA 
Brown-capped Rosy FinchLeucosticte australis  Ridgway, 1874NA : wc USA 
Spectacled FinchCallacanthis burtoni  (Gould, 1838)OR : Himalayas 
Eurasian Crimson-winged FinchRhodopechys sanguineus  (Gould, 1838)EU : scENG : CHANGE: English name of Rhodopechys sanguineus to Eurasian Crimson-winged Finch with split of R.alienus
African Crimson-winged FinchRhodopechys alienus  Whitaker, 1897AF : Morocco, AlgeriaAS : Rhodopechys alienus is split from R.sanguineus (Kirwan et al. 2006)
Trumpeter FinchBucanetes githagineus  (Lichtenstein, 1823)EU : sc, also n Africa 
       B. g. amantum  (Hartert, 1903)c and e Canary Is. 
       B. g. zedlitzi  (Neumann, 1907)s Spain, nw and nc Africa 
       B. g. githagineus  (Lichtenstein, 1823)Egypt, nc and ne Sudan 
       B. g. crassirostris  (Blyth, 1847)Middle East to Pakistan and nw India 
Mongolian FinchEremopsaltria mongolica  (Swinhoe, 1870)EU : scTAX : SEPARATE Mongolian Finch from Bucanetes to Eremopsaltria with gender agreement (Kirwan & Gregory 2005, BLI, HBW)
Desert FinchRhodospiza obsoleta  (Lichtenstein, 1823)EU : sc 
Long-tailed RosefinchUragus sibiricus  (Pallas, 1773)EU : c, e 
       U. s. sibiricus  (Pallas, 1773)sw Siberia and ne Kazakhstan to Mongolia and nc China 
       U. s. ussuriensis  Buturlin, 1915e Siberia and ne China 
       U. s. sanguinolentus  (Temminck & Schlegel, 1848)Sakhalin and Kuril Is., n Japan 
       U. s. lepidus  David & Oustalet, 1877ne Tibet to nc and c China 
       U. s. henrici  Oustalet, 1892e Tibet and sc China 
Bonin GrosbeakChaunoproctus † ferreorostris †  (Vigors, 1829)EU : Bonin I. (Japan)EXTINCT :
Blanford's RosefinchCarpodacus rubescens  (Blanford, 1872)OR : Himalayas to wc China 
Dark-breasted RosefinchCarpodacus nipalensis  (Hodgson, 1836)OR : Himalayas to wc China and ne Burma 
       C. n. kangrae  (Whistler, 1939)w Himalayas 
       C. n. nipalensis  (Hodgson, 1836)c and e Himalayas to c China, ne Burma and nw Vietnam 
Common RosefinchCarpodacus erythrinus  (Pallas, 1770)EU : widespread 
       C. e. erythrinus  (Pallas, 1770)n, c and e Europe to c Siberia 
       C. e. grebnitskii  Stejneger, 1885e Siberia, n Mongolia, ne China and Korea 
       C. e. kubanensis  Laubmann, 1915Turkey, the Caucasus, n Iran and Turkmenistan 
       C. e. ferghanensis  (Kozlova, 1939)e Kazakhstan to w China, w Himalayas, Pakistan and Afghanistan 
       C. e. roseatus  (Blyth, 1842)c and e Himalayas to c and s China 
Purple FinchCarpodacus purpureus  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)NA : n, w, also nw Mexico 
       C. p. purpureus  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)sc and se Canada, ne USA 
       C. p. californicus  Baird, SF, 1858sw Canada, w USA 
Cassin's FinchCarpodacus cassinii  Baird, SF, 1854NA : w, also n Mexico 
House FinchCarpodacus mexicanus  (Statius Müller, 1776)NA, MA : Canada, USA and Mexico 
       C. m. frontalis  (Say, 1822)sw and se Canada, USA and nw Mexico 
       C. m. clementis  Mearns, 1898San Clemente I. (off sw California) and Los Coronados Is. (off extreme nw Mexico) 
       C. m. mcgregori †  Anthony, 1897San Benito I. (off nw Mexico) 
       C. m. amplus  Ridgway, 1876Guadalupe I. (off nw Mexico) 
       C. m. ruberrimus  Ridgway, 1887s Baja California (nw Mexico) 
       C. m. rhodopnus  Moore, RT, 1936c Sinaloa (wc Mexico) 
       C. m. coccineus  Moore, RT, 1939sw Mexico 
       C. m. potosinus  Griscom, 1928nc Mexico 
       C. m. centralis  Moore, RT, 1937c Mexico 
       C. m. mexicanus  (Statius Müller, 1776)sc Mexico 
       C. m. roseipectus  Sharpe, 1888Oaxaca valley (s Mexico) 
       C. m. griscomi  Moore, RT, 1939Guerrero (sw Mexico) 
Himalayan Beautiful RosefinchCarpodacus pulcherrimus  (Moore, F, 1856)OR : HimalayasENG : CHANGE: English name of Carpodacus pulcherrimus from Beautiful Rosefinch to Himalayan Beautiful Rosefinch with split of C. davidianus
Chinese Beautiful RosefinchCarpodacus davidianus  Milne-Edwards, 1865EU : Mongolia, w,c,n China, se TibetAS : Carpodacus davidianus is split from C. pulcherrimus (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005)
       C. d. waltoni  (Sharpe, 1905)se Tibet and ne India 
       C. d. argyrophrys  Berlioz, 1929s Mongolia, n and wc China 
       C. d. davidianus  Milne-Edwards, 1865ec China 
Stresemann's RosefinchCarpodacus eos  (Stresemann, 1930)OR : Himalayas to sc China 
Pink-browed RosefinchCarpodacus rodochroa  (Vigors, 1831)OR : Himalayas 
Vinaceous RosefinchCarpodacus vinaceus  Verreaux, J, 1871OR : Himalayas 
       C. v. vinaceus  Verreaux, J, 1871Nepal and n India to c and s China and n Burma 
       C. v. formosanus  Ogilvie-Grant, 1911Taiwan 
Dark-rumped RosefinchCarpodacus edwardsii  Verreaux, J, 1871OR : Himalayas 
       C. e. edwardsii  Verreaux, J, 1871sc China 
       C. e. rubicundus  (Greenway, 1933)e Himalayas, se Tibet and n Burma 
Sinai RosefinchCarpodacus synoicus  (Temminck, 1825)EU : sc 
       C. s. synoicus  (Temminck, 1825)ne Egypt, Israel, Jordan and w Saudi Arabia 
       C. s. salimalii  (Meinertzhagen, 1938)c Afghanistan 
       C. s. stoliczkae  (Hume, 1874)w China 
       C. s. beicki  (Stresemann, 1930)c China 
Pallas's RosefinchCarpodacus roseus  (Pallas, 1776)EU : e 
       C. r. roseus  (Pallas, 1776)ne Kazakhstan, c and e Siberia 
       C. r. portenkoi  Browning, 1988Sakhalin I. 
Three-banded RosefinchCarpodacus trifasciatus  Verreaux, J, 1871EU : w China 
Spot-winged RosefinchCarpodacus rodopeplus  (Vigors, 1831)OR : Himalayas from n India to s Tibet 
Sharpe's RosefinchCarpodacus verreauxii  (David & Oustalet, 1877)OR : sw, w China; n, ne BurmaAS : Carpodacus verreauxii is split from C. rodopeplus (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005)
Himalayan White-browed RosefinchCarpodacus thura  Bonaparte & Schlegel, 1850OR : HimalayasENG : CHANGE: English name of Carpodacus thura to Himalayan White-browed Rosefinch with split of C. dubius
       C. t. blythi  (Biddulph, 1882)ne Afghanistan and w Himalayas 
       C. t. thura  Bonaparte & Schlegel, 1850c and e Himalayas, se Tibet 
Chinese White-browed RosefinchCarpodacus dubius  Przewalski, 1876EU : e Tibet, n,w,sw ChinaAS : Carpodacus dubius is split from C. thura (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005)
       C. d. femininus  Rippon, 1906e Tibet, sw China 
       C. d. dubius  Przewalski, 1876wc China 
       C. d. deserticolor  (Stegmann, 1931)c China 
Red-mantled RosefinchCarpodacus rhodochlamys  Brandt, 1843OR : c, nc Asia 
Blyth's RosefinchCarpodacus grandis  Blyth, 1849OR : n Afghanistan to w Himalayas 
Streaked RosefinchCarpodacus rubicilloides  Przewalski, 1876OR : Himalayas and China 
       C. r. rubicilloides  Przewalski, 1876e Tibet to c and s China 
       C. r. lucifer  Meinertzhagen & Meinertzhagen, A, 1926s Tibet and the Himalayas 
Caucasian Great RosefinchCarpodacus rubicilla  (Güldenstädt, 1775)EU : c, e Caucasus MtsENG : CHANGE: English name of Carpodacus rubicilla to Caucasian Great Rosefinch with split of C. severtzovi
Spotted Great RosefinchCarpodacus severtzovi  Sharpe, 1886EU : c Asia to nw ChinaAS : Carpodacus severtzovi is split from C. rubicilla (Rasmussen & Anderton 2005)
       C. s. diabolicus  (Koelz, 1939)ne Afghanistan and Tajikistan 
       C. s. kobdensis  (Sushkin, 1925)sc Siberia, w Mongolia and nw China 
       C. s. severtzovi  Sharpe, 1886e Kazakhstan to wc China, the Himalayas and n Pakistan 
Red-fronted RosefinchCarpodacus puniceus  (Blyth, 1845)OR : Himalayas 
       C. p. kilianensis  Vaurie, 1956w China 
       C. p. humii  (Sharpe, 1888)se Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to nw Himalayas 
       C. p. puniceus  (Blyth, 1845)c Himalayas and s Tibet 
       C. p. sikangensis  Vaurie, 1956sc China 
       C. p. longirostris  (Przewalski, 1876)c China 
Tibetan RosefinchKozlowia roborowskii  (Przewalski, 1887)OR : Himalayas to wc China 
Pine GrosbeakPinicola enucleator  (Linnaeus, 1758)EU, NA : n 
       P. e. enucleator  (Linnaeus, 1758)Scandinavia to c Siberia 
       P. e. kamtschatkensis  (Dybowski, 1883)ne Siberia 
       P. e. sakhalinensis  Buturlin, 1915Sakhalin and Kuril Is., n Japan 
       P. e. alascensis  Ridgway, 1898inland Alaska, wc Canada and nw USA 
       P. e. flammula  Homeyer, 1880coastal s Alaska and w Canada 
       P. e. carlottae  Brooks, AC, 1922Queen Charlotte Is. (off w Canada) 
       P. e. montana  Ridgway, 1898inland sw Canada to wc USA 
       P. e. californica  Price, 1897e California 
       P. e. leucura  (Statius Müller, 1776)c and e Canada 
       P. e. eschatosa  Oberholser, 1914se Canada and ne USA 
Crimson-browed FinchPinicola subhimachala  (Hodgson, 1836)EU : Himalayas 
Scarlet FinchHaematospiza sipahi  (Hodgson, 1836)OR : Himalayas 
Parrot CrossbillLoxia pytyopsittacus  von Borkhausen, 1793EU : nw, nc 
Scottish CrossbillLoxia scotica  Hartert, 1904EU : Scotland 
Red CrossbillLoxia curvirostra  Linnaeus, 1758EU, OR, NA, MA : widespread 
       L. c. curvirostra  Linnaeus, 1758n, w and c Europe to ne Siberia and n Mongolia 
       L. c. balearica  (Homeyer, 1862)c and s Spain, Balearic Is. 
       L. c. corsicana  Tschusi, 1912Corsica 
       L. c. poliogyna  Whitaker, 1898s Italy, nw Africa 
       L. c. guillemardi  Madarász, 1903e Balkans and Turkey to the Caucasus and s Ukraine 
       L. c. altaiensis  Sushkin, 1925ne Kazakhstan, sw Siberia and w Mongolia 
       L. c. tianschanica  Laubmann, 1927se Kazakhstan to Tajikistan and nw China 
       L. c. himalayensis  Blyth, 1845Himalayas to s China 
       L. c. meridionalis  Robinson & Kloss, 1919s Vietnam 
       L. c. japonica  Ridgway, 1884se Siberia, ne China, Korea, Sakhalin and Kuril Is. and Japan 
       L. c. luzoniensis  Ogilvie-Grant, 1894Luzon (n Philippines) 
       L. c. minor  (Brehm, CL, 1846)se Canada and ne USA 
       L. c. percna  Bent, 1912Newfoundland 
       L. c. sitkensis  Grinnell, 1909coastal s Alaska to coastal w USA 
       L. c. bendirei  Ridgway, 1884inland sw Canada and inland nw USA 
       L. c. benti  Griscom, 1937c Rocky Mts. (wc USA) 
       L. c. sinesciuris  Benkman, 2009South Hills and Albion Mts. (Idaho in nw USA) 
       L. c. grinnelli  Griscom, 1937wc to sw USA 
       L. c. stricklandi  Ridgway, 1885sw USA to s Mexico 
       L. c. mesamericana  Griscom, 1937Guatemala and Belize to Nicaragua 
Two-barred CrossbillLoxia leucoptera  Gmelin, JF, 1789EU, NA : n 
       L. l. bifasciata  (Brehm, CL, 1827)n Europe to e Siberia and ne China 
       L. l. leucoptera  Gmelin, JF, 1789Alaska, Canada and n USA 
Hispaniolan CrossbillLoxia megaplaga  Riley, 1916NA : Hispaniola 
Brown BullfinchPyrrhula nipalensis  Hodgson, 1836OR : Himalayas to se China and Taiwan, w Malaysia 
       P. n. nipalensis  Hodgson, 1836Himalayas to ne India 
       P. n. ricketti  La Touche, 1905ne India and n Burma to se China and nw Vietnam 
       P. n. victoriae  Rippon, 1906w Burma 
       P. n. waterstradti  Hartert, 1902Malay Pen. 
       P. n. uchidai  Kuroda, 1916Taiwan 
White-cheeked BullfinchPyrrhula leucogenis  Ogilvie-Grant, 1895OR : Philippines 
       P. l. leucogenis  Ogilvie-Grant, 1895Luzon (n Philippines) 
       P. l. steerei  Mearns, 1909Mindanao (s Philippines) 
Orange BullfinchPyrrhula aurantiaca  Gould, 1858OR : Himalayas 
Red-headed BullfinchPyrrhula erythrocephala  Vigors, 1832OR : Himalayas 
Grey-headed BullfinchPyrrhula erythaca  Blyth, 1862OR : Himalayas to c China, Taiwan 
       P. e. erythaca  Blyth, 1862e Himalayas to c and ne China 
       P. e. owstoni  Rothschild & Hartert, 1907Taiwan 
Eurasian BullfinchPyrrhula pyrrhula  (Linnaeus, 1758)EU : widespread 
       P. p. pileata  MacGillivray, 1837British Isles 
       P. p. pyrrhula  (Linnaeus, 1758)n, sc and e Europe to c Siberia 
       P. p. europoea  Vieillot, 1816w Europe 
       P. p. iberiae  Voous, 1951sw France, n Iberian Pen. 
       P. p. paphlagoniae  Roselaar, 1995nw Turkey 
       P. p. rossikowi  Derjugin & Bianchi, 1901ne Turkey and the Caucasus 
       P. p. cineracea  Cabanis, 1872w Siberia and ne Kazakhstan to e Siberia and ne China 
       P. p. caspica  Witherby, 1908Azerbaijan and n Iran 
       P. p. cassinii  Baird, SF, 1869e Siberia 
       P. p. griseiventris  Lafresnaye, 1841Kuril Is. and n Japan 
       P. p. rosacea  Seebohm, 1882Sakhalin I. 
Azores BullfinchPyrrhula murina  Godman, 1866AO : AzoresAS : Azores Bullfinch Pyrrhula murina is sister to ssp of Eurasian Bullfinch P. pyrrhula (Töpfer et al 2010, Sangster et al 2011)
HawfinchCoccothraustes coccothraustes  (Linnaeus, 1758)EU : widespread, also n Africa 
       C. c. coccothraustes  (Linnaeus, 1758)Europe to c Siberia and n Mongolia 
       C. c. buvryi  Cabanis, 1862nw Africa 
       C. c. nigricans  Buturlin, 1908s Ukraine, the Caucasus, ne Turkey and n Iran 
       C. c. humii  Sharpe, 1886s Kazakhstan and e Uzbekistan to ne Afghanistan 
       C. c. schulpini  Johansen, H, 1944se Siberia, ne China and Korea 
       C. c. japonicus  Temminck & Schlegel, 1848Kamchatka Pen., Sakhalin and Kuril Is. and Japan 
Chinese GrosbeakEophona migratoria  Hartert, 1903EU : eENG : CHANGE: English name of Eophona migratoria from Yellow-billed Grosbeak to Chinese Grosbeak
       E. m. migratoria  Hartert, 1903se Siberia, ne China and Korea 
       E. m. sowerbyi  Riley, 1915c and ec China 
Japanese GrosbeakEophona personata  (Temminck & Schlegel, 1848)EU : e 
       E. p. personata  (Temminck & Schlegel, 1848)n and c Japan 
       E. p. magnirostris  Hartert, 1896se Siberia, ne China and Korea 
Black-and-yellow GrosbeakMycerobas icterioides  (Vigors, 1830)OR : Himalayas 
Collared GrosbeakMycerobas affinis  (Blyth, 1855)OR : Himalayas 
Spot-winged GrosbeakMycerobas melanozanthos  (Hodgson, 1836)OR : ne Pakistan to n Vietnam 
White-winged GrosbeakMycerobas carnipes  (Hodgson, 1836)EU : c, sc 
       M. c. speculigerus  (Brandt, 1841)n Iran and s Turkmenistan to w Pakistan 
       M. c. merzbacheri  Schalow, 1908e Kazakhstan and nw China 
       M. c. carnipes  (Hodgson, 1836)ne Afghanistan through the Himalayas to c China and n Burma 
Evening GrosbeakHesperiphona vespertina  (Cooper, W, 1825)NA, MA : Canada to sw Mexico 
       H. v. vespertina  (Cooper, W, 1825)c and e Canada and ne USA 
       H. v. brooksi  Grinnell, 1917w Canada and nw USA 
       H. v. montana  Ridgway, 1874sw USA to sw Mexico 
Hooded GrosbeakHesperiphona abeillei  (Lesson, 1839)MA : Mexico and Guatemala 
       H. a. pallida  Nelson, 1928nw Mexico 
       H. a. saturata  Sutton & Burleigh, 1939ne Mexico 
       H. a. abeillei  (Lesson, 1839)c and sc Mexico 
       H. a. cobanensis  Nelson, 1928s Mexico and Guatemala 
Golden-naped FinchPyrrhoplectes epauletta  (Hodgson, 1836)OR : Himalayas 
Laysan FinchTelespiza cantans  Wilson, SB, 1890PO : Hawaiian Islands 
Nihoa FinchTelespiza ultima  Bryan, 1917PO : Hawaiian Islands 
OuPsittirostra † psittacea †  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)PO : Hawaiian IslandsEXTINCT :
Lanai HookbillDysmorodrepanis † munroi †  Perkins, 1919PO : Lanai (Hawaiian Islands)EXTINCT :
PalilaLoxioides bailleui  Oustalet, 1877PO : Hawaiian Islands 
Lesser Koa FinchRhodacanthis † flaviceps †  Rothschild, 1892PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands)EXTINCT :
Greater Koa FinchRhodacanthis † palmeri †  Rothschild, 1892PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands)EXTINCT :
Kona GrosbeakChloridops † kona †  Wilson, SB, 1888PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands)EXTINCT :
Maui ParrotbillPseudonestor xanthophrys  Rothschild, 1893PO : Hawaiian Islands 
Hawaii AmakihiHemignathus virens  (Gmelin, JF, 1788)PO : Hawaiian Islands 
       H. v. wilsoni  (Rothschild, 1893)Molokai, Lanai and Maui 
       H. v. virens  (Gmelin, JF, 1788)Hawaii 
Oahu AmakihiHemignathus flavus  (Bloxam, A, 1827)PO : Hawaiian Islands 
Kauai AmakihiHemignathus kauaiensis  Pratt, 1989PO : Hawaiian Islands 
Greater AmakihiHemignathus sagittirostris †  (Rothschild, 1892)PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands)EXTINCT :
Lesser AkialoaHemignathus obscurus †  (Gmelin, JF, 1788)PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands)EXTINCT :
Greater AkialoaHemignathus ellisianus †  (Gray, GR, 1860)PO : Hawaiian IslandsEXTINCT :
       H. e. stejnegeri †  Wilson, SB, 1889Kauai 
       H. e. ellisianus †  (Gray, GR, 1860)Oahu 
       H. e. lanaiensis †  Rothschild, 1893Lanai 
NukupuuHemignathus lucidus  Lichtenstein, 1839PO : Hawaiian Islands 
       H. l. hanapepe  Wilson, SB, 1889Kauai 
       H. l. lucidus †  Lichtenstein, 1839Oahu 
       H. l. affinis  Rothschild, 1893Maui 
AkiapolaauHemignathus munroi  Pratt, 1979PO : Hawaiian Islands 
AnianiauMagumma parva  (Stejneger, 1887)PO : Hawaiian IslandsTAX : Hemignathus parvus is assigned to the monotypic genus Magumma (AOU 2008)
AkikikiOreomystis bairdi  (Stejneger, 1887)PO : Hawaiian Islands 
Hawaii CreeperManucerthia mana  (Wilson, SB, 1891)PO : Hawaiian IslandsPHY, TAX : Hawaii Creper is genetically closer to amakihis/akepas than to Oreomystis bairdi (Pratt 2009, Reding et al 2009).
Oahu AlauahioParoreomyza maculata  (Cabanis, 1850)PO : Oahu (Hawaiian Islands) 
KakawahieParoreomyza flammea †  (Wilson, SB, 1890)PO : Molokai (Hawaiian Islands)EXTINCT :
Maui AlauahioParoreomyza montana  (Wilson, SB, 1890)PO : Hawaiian Islands 
       P. m. newtoni  (Rothschild, 1893)Maui 
       P. m. montana †  (Wilson, SB, 1890)Lanai 
AkekeeLoxops caeruleirostris  (Wilson, SB, 1890)PO : Hawaiian Islands 
AkepaLoxops coccineus  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)PO : Hawaiian Islands 
       L. c. wolstenholmei †  Rothschild, 1893Oahu 
       L. c. ochraceus  Rothschild, 1893Maui 
       L. c. coccineus  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)Hawaii 
Ula-ai-hawaneCiridops † anna †  Newton, A, 1892PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands)EXTINCT :
IiwiVestiaria coccinea  (Forster, G, 1780)PO : Hawaiian Islands 
Hawaii MamoDrepanis † pacifica †  (Gmelin, JF, 1788)PO : Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands)EXTINCT :
Black MamoDrepanis † funerea †  Newton, A, 1894PO : Molokai (Hawaiian Islands)EXTINCT :
AkohekohePalmeria dolei  (Wilson, SB, 1891)PO : Hawaiian Islands 
ApapaneHimatione sanguinea  (Gmelin, JF, 1788)PO : Hawaiian Islands 
Laysan HoneycreeperHimatione fraithii †  Rothschild, 1892PO : Laysan I. (Hawaiian Islands)EXTINCT : Regarded as specifically distinct from Apapane Himatione sanguinea Pratt, 2005
Poo-uliMelamprosops † phaeosoma †  Casey & Jacobi, JD, 1974PO : Hawaiian IslandsEXTINCT :
    
New World Warblers (115)
Family Parulidae
 PHY, TAX : Genera and species sequences follow Lovette et al 2010 and AOU/NACC 2011 (supplement)
OvenbirdSeiurus aurocapilla  (Linnaeus, 1766)NA : n, c, e 
       S. a. aurocapilla  (Linnaeus, 1766)c and se Canada and e USA 
       S. a. cinereus  Miller, AH, 1942wc USA 
       S. a. furvior  Batchelder, 1918Newfoundland (se Canada) 
Worm-eating WarblerHelmitheros vermivorum  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)NA : e USA 
Louisiana WaterthrushParkesia motacilla  (Vieillot, 1809)NA : e USA 
Northern WaterthrushParkesia noveboracensis  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)NA : n, c 
Bachman's WarblerVermivora bachmanii  (Audubon, 1833)NA : se USA 
Golden-winged WarblerVermivora chrysoptera  (Linnaeus, 1766)NA : e 
Blue-winged WarblerVermivora cyanoptera  Olson & Reveal, 2009NA : eTAX : Change species name of Blue-winged Warbler from pinus to cyanoptera (Olson & Reveal 2009, NACC 2010)
Black-and-white WarblerMniotilta varia  (Linnaeus, 1766)NA : n, e 
Prothonotary WarblerProtonotaria citrea  (Boddaert, 1783)NA : e, se USA 
Swainson's WarblerLimnothlypis swainsonii  (Audubon, 1834)NA : se USA 
Crescent-chested WarblerOreothlypis superciliosa  (Hartlaub, 1844)MA : Mexico to Nicaragua 
       O. s. sodalis  (Moore, RT, 1941)nw and w Mexico 
       O. s. mexicana  (Bonaparte, 1850)e Mexico 
       O. s. palliata  (van Rossem, 1939)sw Mexico 
       O. s. superciliosa  (Hartlaub, 1844)s Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and w Honduras 
       O. s. parva  (Miller, W & Griscom, 1925)e Honduras and Nicaragua 
Flame-throated WarblerOreothlypis gutturalis  (Cabanis, 1861)MA : Costa Rico, Panama 
Tennessee WarblerLeiothlypis peregrina  (Wilson, A, 1811)NA : n 
Orange-crowned WarblerLeiothlypis celata  (Say, 1822)NA : w, n 
       L. c. celata  (Say, 1822)c Alaska to s Canada 
       L. c. lutescens  (Ridgway, 1872)w Canada and w USA 
       L. c. orestera  (Oberholser, 1905)wc Canada and wc USA 
       L. c. sordida  (Townsend, CH, 1890)s California (sw USA) and nw Mexico 
Colima WarblerLeiothlypis crissalis  (Salvin & Godman, 1889)NA : sw USA 
Lucy's WarblerLeiothlypis luciae  (Cooper, JG, 1861)NA, MA : sw USA, nw Mexico 
Nashville WarblerLeiothlypis ruficapilla  (Wilson, A, 1811)NA : w, n 
       L. r. ridgwayi  (van Rossem, 1929)sw Canada and w USA 
       L. r. ruficapilla  (Wilson, A, 1811)s and se Canada and ne USA 
Virginia's WarblerLeiothlypis virginiae  (Baird, SF, 1860)NA : sw USA 
Semper's WarblerLeucopeza semperi  Sclater, PL, 1876NA : St. Lucia 
Connecticut WarblerOporornis agilis  (Wilson, A, 1812)NA : nc 
Grey-crowned YellowthroatGeothlypis poliocephala  Baird, SF, 1865MA : widespreadTAX : Merge Chamaethlypis with Geothlypis (NACC, Dickinson 2003)
       G. p. poliocephala  Baird, SF, 1865w Mexico 
       G. p. ralphi  Ridgway, 1894ne Mexico 
       G. p. palpebralis  Ridgway, 1887ec Mexico to n Costa Rica 
       G. p. caninucha  Ridgway, 1872sw Mexico to s Honduras 
       G. p. icterotis  Ridgway, 1889w Nicaragua and w Costa Rica 
       G. p. pontilis  (Brodkorb, 1943)Morelos (sc Mexico) 
       G. p. ridgwayi  (Griscom, 1930)sw Costa Rica and w Panama 
Masked YellowthroatGeothlypis aequinoctialis  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)SA : n 
Chiriqui YellowthroatGeothlypis chiriquensis  Salvin, 1872MA : sw Costa Rica, PanamaAS : Geothlypis chiriquensis is split from G. aequinoctialis (Escalante-Pliego 1992, Curson et al 1994, Escalente et al 2009; cf NACC 2010-B-9, split 7/5 vote)
Black-lored YellowthroatGeothlypis auricularis  Salvin, 1883SA : w Ecuador, w PeruAS : Geothlypis auricularis is split from G.aequinoctialis (Escalante-Pliego 1992; Curson et al 1994); SACC 70 needs more documentation
       G. a. auricularis  Salvin, 1883w Ecuador and nw Peru 
       G. a. peruviana  Taczanowski, 1884n Peru 
Southern YellowthroatGeothlypis velata  (Vieillot, 1809)SA : scAS : Geothlypis velata is split from G.aequinoctialis (Escalante-Pliego 1992; Curson et al 1994); SACC 70 needs more documentation
MacGillivray's WarblerGeothlypis tolmiei  (Townsend, JK, 1839)NA : w, also n MexicoPHY, TAX : MacGillivray‘s Warbler is moved from Oporornis to Geothlypis (Lovette et al 2010, AOU 2011)
       G. t. tolmiei  (Townsend, JK, 1839)se Alaska, w Canada and nw USA 
       G. t. monticola  (Phillips, AR, 1947)sc Canada and wc USA 
Mourning WarblerGeothlypis philadelphia  (Wilson, A, 1810)NA : n, nePHY, TAX : Mourning Warbler is moved from Oporornis to Geothlypis (Lovette et al 2010, AOU 2011)
Kentucky WarblerGeothlypis formosa  (Wilson, A, 1811)NA : e, se USAPHY, TAX : Kentucky Warbler is moved from Oporornis to Geothlypis (Lovette et al 2010, AOU 2011)
Olive-crowned YellowthroatGeothlypis semiflava  Sclater, PL, 1860LA : Honduras to Ecuador 
       G. s. bairdi  Ridgway, 1884Honduras to Panama 
       G. s. semiflava  Sclater, PL, 1860w Colombia and w Ecuador 
Black-polled YellowthroatGeothlypis speciosa  Sclater, PL, 1859MA : Mexico 
       G. s. speciosa  Sclater, PL, 1859state of Mexico (c Mexico) 
       G. s. limnatis  Dickerman, 1970s Guanajuato and n Michoacán (c Mexico) 
Belding's YellowthroatGeothlypis beldingi  Ridgway, 1882MA : Baja California 
       G. b. goldmani  Oberholser, 1917c Baja California (nw Mexico) 
       G. b. beldingi  Ridgway, 1882s Baja California (nw Mexico) 
Bahama YellowthroatGeothlypis rostrata  Bryant, H, 1867NA : Bahamas 
       G. r. exigua  Ridgway, 1902Andros I. (wc Bahamas) 
       G. r. tanneri  Ridgway, 1886Grand Bahama and Abaco Is. (n Bahamas) 
       G. r. rostrata  Bryant, H, 1867New Providence I. (wc Bahamas) 
       G. r. coryi  Ridgway, 1886Eleuthera and Cat Is. (c Bahamas) 
Altamira YellowthroatGeothlypis flavovelata  Ridgway, 1896MA : e Mexico 
Common YellowthroatGeothlypis trichas  (Linnaeus, 1766)NA, MA : widespread 
       G. t. trichas  (Linnaeus, 1766)se Canada and e USA (excluding the se) 
       G. t. typhicola  Burleigh, 1934inland se USA 
       G. t. ignota  Chapman, 1890coastal se USA 
       G. t. insperata  van Tyne, 1933s Texas (sc USA) 
       G. t. campicola  Behle & Aldrich, 1947interior w Canada, nw and nc USA 
       G. t. arizela  Oberholser, 1899coastal w Canada, w USA and nw Mexico 
       G. t. occidentalis  Brewster, 1883wc USA 
       G. t. sinuosa  Grinnell, 1901n California (w USA) 
       G. t. scirpicola  Grinnell, 1901sw USA and nw Mexico 
       G. t. chryseola  van Rossem, 1930sw to sc USA and wc Mexico 
       G. t. melanops  Baird, SF, 1865c Mexico 
       G. t. modesta  Nelson, 1900w Mexico 
       G. t. chapalensis  Nelson, 1903Lake Chapala in Jalisco (wc Mexico) 
       G. t. riparia  van Rossem, 1941s Sonora (nw Mexico) 
Hooded YellowthroatGeothlypis nelsoni  Richmond, 1900MA : Mexico 
       G. n. nelsoni  Richmond, 1900e Mexico 
       G. n. karlenae  Moore, RT, 1946sw Mexico 
Whistling WarblerCatharopeza bishopi  (Lawrence, 1878)NA : St Vincent 
Plumbeous WarblerSetophaga plumbea  (Lawrence, 1877)NA : Lesser Antilles 
Elfin Woods WarblerSetophaga angelae  (Kepler & Parkes, 1972)NA : Puerto Rico 
Arrowhead WarblerSetophaga pharetra  (Gosse, 1847)NA : Jamaica 
Hooded WarblerSetophaga citrina  (Boddaert, 1783)NA : e, sePHY, TAX : Hooded Warbler belongs in Setophaga [Dendroica], not Wilsonia (Lovette et al 2010, AOU 2011)
American RedstartSetophaga ruticilla  (Linnaeus, 1758)NA : n, c, e 
Kirtland's WarblerSetophaga kirtlandii  (Baird, SF, 1852)NA : Michigan 
Cape May WarblerSetophaga tigrina  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)NA : nc, ne 
Cerulean WarblerSetophaga cerulea  (Wilson, A, 1810)NA : c, e USA 
Northern ParulaSetophaga americana  (Linnaeus, 1758)NA : ePHY, TAX : Move two species of Parula (americana, pitiayumi) to Setophaga (previously Dendroica) (Lovette et al 2010, AOU 2011))
Tropical ParulaSetophaga pitiayumi  (Vieillot, 1817)LA : widespread, also s Texas 
       S. p. nigrilora  (Coues, 1878)extreme sc USA and e Mexico 
       S. p. pulchra  (Brewster, 1889)w Mexico 
       S. p. insularis  (Lawrence, 1871)Tres Marias Is. (off w Mexico) 
       S. p. graysoni  (Ridgway, 1887)Socorro and Revillagigedo Is. (off w Mexico) 
       S. p. inornata  (Baird, SF, 1864)s Mexico to n Honduras 
       S. p. speciosa  (Ridgway, 1902)s Honduras to Panama 
       S. p. cirrha  (Wetmore, 1957)Coiba I. (sw of Panama) 
       S. p. nana  (Griscom, 1927)e Panama and nw Colombia 
       S. p. elegans  (Todd, 1912)n Colombia, n Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago 
       S. p. pacifica  (Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884)sw Colombia to nw Peru 
       S. p. roraimae  (Chapman, 1929)s Venezuela, the Guianas and n Brazzil 
       S. p. alarum  (Chapman, 1924)e Ecuador and n Peru 
       S. p. melanogenys  (Todd, 1924)c Peru to w Bolivia 
       S. p. pitiayumi  (Vieillot, 1817)c and e Brazil to e Bolivia, Paraguay, n Argentina and Uruguay 
Magnolia WarblerSetophaga magnolia  (Wilson, A, 1811)NA : n, ne 
Bay-breasted WarblerSetophaga castanea  (Wilson, A, 1810)NA : s and se Canada, ne USA 
Blackburnian WarblerSetophaga fusca  (Statius Müller, 1776)NA : n, ne, ec 
American Yellow WarblerSetophaga aestiva  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)NA, MA : widespread in NA through central plateau of MexicoTAX : CORRECT: Species name of American Yellow Warbler to aestiva, with continued recognition of the Mangrove Warbler
       S. a. rubiginosa  (Pallas, 1811)s Alaska and w Canada 
       S. a. banksi  (Browning, 1994)c Alaska and nw Canada 
       S. a. parkesi  (Browning, 1994)n Alaska and n Canada 
       S. a. amnicola  (Batchelder, 1918)wc to e Canada 
       S. a. aestiva  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)sc to e Canada and south through e and c USA 
       S. a. morcomi  (Coale, 1887)interior sw Canada and wc USA 
       S. a. brewsteri  (Grinnell, 1903)coastal w USA and nw Mexico 
       S. a. sonorana  (Brewster, 1888)interior sw USA and n to nw Mexico 
       S. a. dugesi  (Coale, 1887)c Mexico 
Mangrove WarblerSetophaga petechia  (Linnaeus, 1766)NA, LA : extreme s US through West Indies to coastal MA and SATAX : Mangrove Warbler here includes “Golden Warbler“ petechia and “Mangrove Warbler“ erythachorides groups of AOU
       S. p. oraria  (Parkes & Dickerman, 1967)e Mexico 
       S. p. bryanti  (Ridgway, 1873)se Mexico to s Nicaragua 
       S. p. erithachorides  (Baird, SF, 1858)e Costa Rica to n Colombia 
       S. p. chrysendeta  (Wetmore, 1946)ne Colombia and extreme nw Venezuela 
       S. p. paraguanae  (Phelps & Gilliard, 1941)Paraguaná Pen. (nw Veneuela) 
       S. p. cienagae  (Zimmer & Phelps, 1944)nw to n Venezuela and nearby islands 
       S. p. castaneiceps  (Ridgway, 1885)s Baja California (nw Mexico) 
       S. p. rhizophorae  (van Rossem, 1935)Sonora and Sinaloa (nw Mexico) 
       S. p. phillipsi  (Browning, 1994)w Mexico to Honduras 
       S. p. xanthotera  (Todd, 1924)w Nicaragua and w Costa Rica 
       S. p. aithocorys  (Olson, 1980)sw Panama and Coiba I. 
       S. p. iguanae  (Olson, 1980)Iguana I. (off s Panama) 
       S. p. aequatorialis  (Sundevall, 1869)sc Panama 
       S. p. jubaris  (Olson, 1980)se Panama to wc Colombia 
       S. p. peruviana  (Sundevall, 1869)sw Colombia to nw Peru 
       S. p. aureola  (Gould, 1839)Coco and Galapagos Is. 
       S. p. ruficapilla  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)Martinique (sc Lesser Antilles) 
       S. p. rufivertex  (Ridgway, 1885)Cozumel I. (off se Mexico) 
       S. p. armouri  (Greenway, 1933)Providencia I. (east of Nicaragua) 
       S. p. flavida  (Cory, 1887)San Andrés I. (east of Nicaragua) 
       S. p. eoa  (Gosse, 1847)Cayman Is. and Jamaica 
       S. p. gundlachi  (Baird, SF, 1865)Florida Keys (extreme se USA), Cuba and Isle of Pines 
       S. p. flaviceps  (Chapman, 1892)Bahama Is. 
       S. p. albicollis  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)Hispaniola and nearby islands 
       S. p. chlora  (Browning, 1994)Seven Brothers Keys (off n Hispaniola) 
       S. p. solaris  (Wetmore, 1929)Gonave Is. (off w Hispaniola) 
       S. p. bartholemica  (Sundevall, 1869)Puerto Rico, Virgin Is. and the n Lesser Antilles 
       S. p. melanoptera  (Lawrence, 1879)c Lesser Antilles 
       S. p. babad  (Bond, 1927)St. Lucia (sc Lesser Antilles) 
       S. p. petechia  (Linnaeus, 1766)Barbados 
       S. p. alsiosa  (Peters, JL, 1926)Grenadine Is. (s Lesser Antilles) 
       S. p. rufopileata  (Ridgway, 1884)Aruba, Netherland Antilles and other islands off n Venezuela 
       S. p. obscura  (Cory, 1909)Las Aves, Los Roques and La Orchila Is. (off n Venezuela) 
       S. p. aurifrons  (Phelps & Phelps Jr, 1950)ne Venezuela and nearby islands 
Chestnut-sided WarblerSetophaga pensylvanica  (Linnaeus, 1766)NA : e 
Blackpoll WarblerSetophaga striata  (Forster, JR, 1772)NA : Alaska to e and se Canada, ne USA 
Black-throated Blue WarblerSetophaga caerulescens  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)NA : ne 
       S. c. caerulescens  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)s and se Canada, ne USA 
       S. c. cairnsi  (Coues, 1897)ec USA 
Palm WarblerSetophaga palmarum  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)NA : n 
       S. p. palmarum  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)c and sc Canada 
       S. p. hypochrysea  (Ridgway, 1876)se Canada and ne USA 
Olive-capped WarblerSetophaga pityophila  (Gundlach, 1855)NA : Cuba, Bahamas 
Pine WarblerSetophaga pinus  (Linnaeus, 1766)NA : e 
       S. p. pinus  (Linnaeus, 1766)se Canada and e USA 
       S. p. florida  (Maynard, 1906)s Florida 
       S. p. achrustera  (Bangs, 1900)Bahamas 
       S. p. chrysoleuca  (Griscom, 1923)Hispaniola 
Myrtle WarblerSetophaga coronata  (Linnaeus, 1766)NA : c,e USA and CanadaTAX : Brelsford and Irwin (2009) demonstrate lack of free interbreeding betw Audubon‘s and Myrtle Warblers in the narrow and stable hybrid zone; confirm validity of original split.
Audubon's WarblerSetophaga auduboni  (Townsend, JK, 1837)NA, MA : n,w and nc MexicoAS : Milá et al 2007a, Brelsford and Irwin 2009, Brelsford et al 2011 (hybrid origin)
       S. a. auduboni  (Townsend, JK, 1837)n,w 
       S. a. nigrifrons  (Brewster, 1889)nc Mexico 
Goldman's WarblerSetophaga goldmani  (Nelson, 1897)MA : w GuatemalaAS : Milá et al 2007a
Yellow-throated WarblerSetophaga dominica  (Linnaeus, 1766)NA : e, se USA 
       S. d. albilora  (Ridgway, 1873)ec USA 
       S. d. dominica  (Linnaeus, 1766)e and se USA 
       S. d. stoddardi  (Sutton, 1951)nw Florida and s Alabama (se USA) 
Bahama WarblerSetophaga flavescens  (Todd, 1909)NA : BahamasAS : Bahama Warbler is split from Yellow-throated Warbler; best English name under discussion (McKay et al 2010, NACC 2010-B-8)
Vitelline WarblerSetophaga vitellina  (Cory, 1886)NA : Cayman Islands, Swan Islands 
       S. v. crawfordi  (Nicoll, 1904)Little Cayman I. and Cayman Brac 
       S. v. vitellina  (Cory, 1886)Grand Cayman I. 
       S. v. nelsoni  (Bangs, 1919)Swan I. (north of Honduras) 
Prairie WarblerSetophaga discolor  (Vieillot, 1809)NA : e, se USA 
       S. d. discolor  (Vieillot, 1809)se Canada and e USA 
       S. d. paludicola  (Howell, AH, 1930)s Florida (extreme se USA) 
Adelaide's WarblerSetophaga adelaidae  (Baird, SF, 1865)NA : Puerto Rico 
Barbuda WarblerSetophaga subita  (Riley, 1904)NA : Barbuda 
St. Lucia WarblerSetophaga delicata  (Ridgway, 1883)NA : St Lucia 
Grace's WarblerSetophaga graciae  (Baird, SF, 1865)NA : sw USA and Mexico to Nicaragua 
       S. g. graciae  (Baird, SF, 1865)sw USA and nw Mexico 
       S. g. yaegeri  (Phillips, AR & Webster, JD, 1961)w Mexico 
       S. g. remota  (Griscom, 1935)s Mexico to w Nicaragua 
       S. g. decora  (Ridgway, 1873)Belize to ne Nicaragua 
Black-throated Grey WarblerSetophaga nigrescens  (Townsend, JK, 1837)NA : w 
       S. n. nigrescens  (Townsend, JK, 1837)sw Canada and coastal w USA 
       S. n. halseii  (Giraud Jr, 1841)inland w USA, n and nw Mexico 
Townsend's WarblerSetophaga townsendi  (Townsend, JK, 1837)NA : w 
Hermit WarblerSetophaga occidentalis  (Townsend, JK, 1837)NA : w USA 
Golden-cheeked WarblerSetophaga chrysoparia  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1860)NA : sc Texas 
Black-throated Green WarblerSetophaga virens  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)NA : n, ne, ec 
Citrine WarblerMyiothlypis luteoviridis  (Bonaparte, 1845)SA : Venezuela to n Bolivia 
       M. l. luteoviridis  (Bonaparte, 1845)e Colombia, sw Venezuela and e Ecuador 
       M. l. quindiana  (Meyer de Schauensee, 1946)c Colombia 
       M. l. richardsoni  (Chapman, 1912)w Colombia 
       M. l. striaticeps  Cabanis, 1873n and c Peru 
       M. l. euophrys  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1876)s Peru to c Bolivia 
White-striped WarblerMyiothlypis leucophrys  (Pelzeln, 1868)SA : sc Brazil 
Flavescent WarblerMyiothlypis flaveola  Baird, SF, 1865SA : Colombia and Venezuela to nw Argentina 
       M. f. pallidirostris  (Oren, 1985)ne Colombia and n Venezuela 
       M. f. flaveola  Baird, SF, 1865Amazonia 
White-rimmed WarblerMyiothlypis leucoblephara  (Vieillot, 1817)SA : se 
       M. l. leucoblephara  (Vieillot, 1817)se Brazil to ne Argentina 
       M. l. lemurum  (Olson, 1975)Uruguay 
Pale-legged WarblerMyiothlypis signata  (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1906)SA : Peru to nw Argentina 
       M. s. signata  (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1906)sc Peru 
       M. s. flavovirens  (Todd, 1929)s Peru, Bolivia and n Argentina 
Black-crested WarblerMyiothlypis nigrocristata  (Lafresnaye, 1840)SA : Venezuela to Peru 
Buff-rumped WarblerMyiothlypis fulvicauda  (von Spix, 1825)LA : Honduras to n Bolivia 
       M. f. leucopygia  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1873)Honduras to w Panama 
       M. f. veraguensis  (Sharpe, 1885)sw Costa Rica to c Panama 
       M. f. semicervina  (Sclater, PL, 1860)e Panama to nw Peru 
       M. f. motacilla  (Miller, AH, 1952)n Colombia 
       M. f. fulvicauda  (von Spix, 1825)w Amazonia 
       M. f. significans  (Zimmer, 1949)se Peru and nw Bolivia 
Riverbank WarblerMyiothlypis rivularis  (Wied-Neuwied, 1821)SA : n, se, sc 
       M. r. mesoleuca  (Sclater, PL, 1865)e Venezuela, the Guianas and n Brazil 
       M. r. rivularis  (Wied-Neuwied, 1821)se Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina 
       M. r. boliviana  (Sharpe, 1885)ec Bolivia 
Two-banded WarblerMyiothlypis bivittata  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)SA : n Amazonia, Peru to nw Argentina 
       M. b. roraimae  (Sharpe, 1885)se Venezuela, w Guyana and n Brazil 
       M. b. bivittata  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)s Peru to c Bolivia 
       M. b. argentinae  (Zimmer, 1949)s Bolivia and n Argentina 
Cuzco WarblerMyiothlypis chrysogaster  (Tschudi, 1844)SA : Peru 
Choco WarblerMyiothlypis chlorophrys  (Berlepsch, 1907)SA : Colombia, EcuadorPL : Myiothlypis [Basileuterus] chlorophrys is split from M. chrysogaster (Ridgely & Greenfield 2001); SACC 67 needs more publ data
White-lored WarblerMyiothlypis conspicillata  (Salvin & Godman, 1880)SA : n Colombia 
Grey-throated WarblerMyiothlypis cinereicollis  (Sclater, PL, 1864)SA : Venezuela, Colombia 
       M. c. pallidula  (Wetmore, 1941)extreme nw of Sierra de Perijá (n Colombia) 
       M. c. zuliensis  (Aveledo & Perez, 1994)Sierra de Perijá (n Colombia and nw Venezuela) 
       M. c. cinereicollis  (Sclater, PL, 1864)c Colombia to w Venezuela 
Grey-and-gold WarblerMyiothlypis fraseri  (Sclater, PL, 1884)SA : Ecuador, Peru 
       M. f. ochraceicrista  (Chapman, 1921)w Ecuador 
       M. f. fraseri  (Sclater, PL, 1884)sw Ecuador and nw Peru 
Russet-crowned WarblerMyiothlypis coronata  (Tschudi, 1844)SA : Venezuela to c Bolivia 
       M. c. regulus  (Todd, 1929)n and w Colombia, nw Venezuela 
       M. c. elata  (Todd, 1929)sw Colombia and w Ecuador 
       M. c. orientalis  (Chapman, 1924)ec Ecuador 
       M. c. castaneiceps  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1877)sw Ecuador and Piura (extreme nw Peru) 
       M. c. chapmani  (Todd, 1929)Cajamarca (nw Peru) 
       M. c. inaequalis  (Zimmer, 1949)Amazonas and San Martin (nc Peru) 
       M. c. coronata  (Tschudi, 1844)c Peru to w Bolivia 
       M. c. notia  (Todd, 1929)c Bolivia 
Grey-headed WarblerMyiothlypis griseiceps  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1868)SA : n Venezuela 
Fan-tailed WarblerBasileuterus lachrymosus  (Bonaparte, 1850)MA : Mexico to NicaraguaPHY, TAX : Assign Fan-tailed Warbler (Euthlypis lachrymosa to Basileuterus (Lovette et al 2010, AOU 2011)
       B. l. tephrus  Ridgway, 1902w Mexico 
       B. l. schistaceus  Dickey & van Rossem, 1926sw Mexico 
       B. l. lachrymosus  (Bonaparte, 1850)s Mexico to Nicaragua 
Rufous-capped WarblerBasileuterus rufifrons  (Swainson, 1838)LA : Mexico, Guatemala s to VenezuelaTAX : Chestnut-capped Warbler Basileuterus delattrii intergrades and is considered conspecific with Rufous-capped Warbler B.rufifrons (AOU 1998)
       B. r. caudatus  Nelson, 1899nw Mexico 
       B. r. dugesi  Ridgway, 1892w and c Mexico 
       B. r. jouyi  Ridgway, 1892ne and e Mexico 
       B. r. rufifrons  (Swainson, 1838)s Mexico and c Guatemala 
       B. r. salvini  Cherrie, 1891se Mexico, Belize and n Guatemala 
       B. r. delattrii  Bonaparte, 1854s Guatemala to c Costa Rica 
       B. r. mesochrysus  Sclater, PL, 1860s Costa Rica to n Colombia and w Venezuela 
       B. r. actuosus  Wetmore, 1957Coiba I. (off s Panama) 
Black-cheeked WarblerBasileuterus melanogenys  Baird, SF, 1865MA : Costa Rica, Panama 
       B. m. melanogenys  Baird, SF, 1865c and s Costa Rica 
       B. m. eximius  Nelson, 1912Chiriqui (w Panama) 
       B. m. bensoni  Griscom, 1927Veraguas (w Panama) 
Pirre WarblerBasileuterus ignotus  Nelson, 1912LA : Panama, Colombia 
Golden-browed WarblerBasileuterus belli  (Giraud Jr, 1841)MA : Mexico to Honduras 
       B. b. bateli  Moore, RT, 1946w Mexico 
       B. b. belli  (Giraud Jr, 1841)e Mexico 
       B. b. clarus  Ridgway, 1902sw Mexico 
       B. b. scitulus  Nelson, 1900se Mexico to w Honduras and nw El Salvador 
       B. b. subobscurus  Wetmore, 1940c Honduras 
Golden-crowned WarblerBasileuterus culicivorus  (Deppe, 1830)LA : widespreadENG, TAX : Correct: English name for Basileuterus culicivorus is Golden-crowned Warbler, not Stripe-crowned Warbler (AOU 1998); includes White-bellied Warbler B.hypoleucusVilaça and dos Santos 2010, SACC 493, IOC v2.11)
       B. c. flavescens  Ridgway, 1902wc Mexico 
       B. c. brasierii  (Giraud Jr, 1841)ne and ec Mexico 
       B. c. culicivorus  (Deppe, 1830)sc Mexico to n Costa Rica 
       B. c. godmani  Berlepsch, 1888c Costa Rica to w Panama 
       B. c. occultus  Zimmer, 1949w Colombia 
       B. c. austerus  Zimmer, 1949c Colombia 
       B. c. indignus  Todd, 1916n Colombia 
       B. c. cabanisi  Berlepsch, 1879ne Colombia and nw Venezuela 
       B. c. olivascens  Chapman, 1893n and ne Venezuela and Trinidad 
       B. c. segrex  Zimmer & Phelps, 1949s Venezuela, w Guyana and n Brazil 
       B. c. auricapilla  (Swainson, 1838)c and e Brazil 
       B. c. azarae  Zimmer, 1949se and s Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and n Argentina 
       B. c. viridescens  Todd, 1913e Bolivia 
       B. c. hypoleucus  Bonaparte, 1850sw Brazil and ne Paraguay 
Three-banded WarblerBasileuterus trifasciatus  Taczanowski, 1880SA : Ecuador, Peru 
       B. t. nitidior  Chapman, 1924sw Ecuador and Tumbes (extreme nw Peru) 
       B. t. trifasciatus  Taczanowski, 1880Piura to La Libertad (nw Peru) 
Three-striped WarblerBasileuterus tristriatus  (Tschudi, 1844)LA : Costa Rica to Bolivia 
       B. t. chitrensis  Griscom, 1927Costa Rica and w Panama 
       B. t. tacarcunae  Chapman, 1924e Panama and nw Colombia 
       B. t. daedalus  Bangs, 1908w Colombia and w Ecuador 
       B. t. auricularis  Sharpe, 1885c Colombia to w Venezuela 
       B. t. meridanus  Sharpe, 1885nw Venezuela 
       B. t. bessereri  Hellmayr, 1922n Venezuela 
       B. t. pariae  Phelps & Phelps Jr, 1949ne Venezuela 
       B. t. baezae  Chapman, 1924ec Ecuador 
       B. t. tristriatus  (Tschudi, 1844)s Ecuador to c Peru 
       B. t. inconspicuus  Zimmer, 1949se Peru and nw Bolivia 
       B. t. punctipectus  Chapman, 1924c Bolivia 
       B. t. canens  Zimmer, 1949sc Bolivia 
Santa Marta WarblerBasileuterus basilicus  (Todd, 1913)SA : ne Colombia 
Canada WarblerCardellina canadensis  (Linnaeus, 1766)NA : n, ne, ec 
Wilson's WarblerCardellina pusilla  (Wilson, A, 1811)NA : w, n 
       C. p. pileolata  (Pallas, 1811)Alaska, wc Canada and interior w USA 
       C. p. chryseola  (Ridgway, 1902)coastal sw Canada and coastal w USA 
       C. p. pusilla  (Wilson, A, 1811)c and s Canada, ne USA 
Red-faced WarblerCardellina rubrifrons  (Giraud Jr, 1841)NA, MA : sw USA and nw Mexico 
Red WarblerCardellina rubra  (Swainson, 1827)MA : Mexico 
       C. r. melanauris  (Moore, RT, 1937)nw Mexico 
       C. r. rubra  (Swainson, 1827)w and c Mexico 
       C. r. rowleyi  Orr & Webster, JD, 1968s Mexico 
Pink-headed WarblerCardellina versicolor  Salvin, 1863MA : s Mexico, Guatemala 
Painted WhitestartMyioborus pictus  (Swainson, 1829)NA, MA : sw USA to Nicaragua 
       M. p. pictus  (Swainson, 1829)sw USA to sc Mexico 
       M. p. guatemalae  (Sharpe, 1885)s Mexico to n Nicaragua 
Slate-throated WhitestartMyioborus miniatus  (Swainson, 1827)LA : Mexico to Bolivia and Guyana 
       M. m. miniatus  (Swainson, 1827)w and sw Mexico 
       M. m. molochinus  Wetmore, 1942e Mexico 
       M. m. intermedius  (Hartlaub, 1852)s Mexico and e Guatemala 
       M. m. hellmayri  van Rossem, 1936s Guatemala and sw El Salvador 
       M. m. connectens  Dickey & van Rossem, 1928El Salvador and Honduras to nc Nicaragua 
       M. m. comptus  Wetmore, 1944w and c Costa Rica 
       M. m. aurantiacus  (Baird, SF, 1865)e Costa Rica and w Panama 
       M. m. ballux  Wetmore & Phelps, 1944e Panama to n Ecuador and w Venezuela 
       M. m. sanctaemartae  Zimmer, 1949n Colombia 
       M. m. pallidiventris  (Chapman, 1899)n Venezuela 
       M. m. subsimilis  Zimmer, 1949sw Ecuador and nw Peru 
       M. m. verticalis  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)s Ecuador to c Bolivia, se Venezuela, w Guyana and n Brazil 
Brown-capped WhitestartMyioborus brunniceps  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)SA : Bolivia, n Argentina 
Yellow-crowned WhitestartMyioborus flavivertex  (Salvin, 1887)SA : ne Colombia 
White-fronted WhitestartMyioborus albifrons  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1871)SA : w Venezuela 
Golden-fronted WhitestartMyioborus ornatus  (Boissonneau, 1840)SA : Colombia, Venezuela 
       M. o. ornatus  (Boissonneau, 1840)e Colombia and w Venezuela 
       M. o. chrysops  (Salvin, 1878)c Colombia to n Ecuador 
Spectacled WhitestartMyioborus melanocephalus  (Tschudi, 1844)SA : s Colombia to n Bolivia 
       M. m. ruficoronatus  (Kaup, 1852)sw Colombia and Ecuador 
       M. m. griseonuchus  Chapman, 1927nw Peru 
       M. m. malaris  Zimmer, 1949n Peru 
       M. m. melanocephalus  (Tschudi, 1844)c Peru 
       M. m. bolivianus  Chapman, 1919s Peru and w Bolivia 
Collared WhitestartMyioborus torquatus  (Baird, SF, 1865)MA : Costa Rica, Panama 
Paria WhitestartMyioborus pariae  Phelps & Phelps Jr, 1949SA : ne Venezuela 
White-faced WhitestartMyioborus albifacies  Phelps & Phelps Jr, 1946SA : s Venezuela 
Guaiquinima WhitestartMyioborus cardonai  Zimmer & Phelps, 1945SA : se Venezuela 
Tepui WhitestartMyioborus castaneocapilla  (Cabanis, 1849)SA : TepuisTAX : CORRECT spelling of species name; castaneocapilla is a noun not subject to gender agreement (Dickinson 2003, A Peterson Zoonomen)
       M. c. castaneocapilla  (Cabanis, 1849)se Venezuela, w Guyana and n Brazil 
       M. c. duidae  Chapman, 1929sc Venezuela 
       M. c. maguirei  Phelps & Phelps Jr, 1961extreme s Venezuela 
    
Family Uncertain (7)
Family Incertae sedis
  
Streaked Scrub WarblerScotocerca inquieta  (Cretzschmar, 1830)EU : sc, also n AfricaENG : Restore missing modifier “Streaked“ to established English name of Scotocerca
       S. i. theresae  Meinertzhagen, 1939Mauritania, sw and c Morocco 
       S. i. saharae  (Loche, 1858)e Morocco to Libya 
       S. i. inquieta  (Cretzschmar, 1830)ne Libya to nw Arabia 
       S. i. grisea  Bates, 1936w Saudi Arabia, e Yemen and Oman 
       S. i. buryi  Ogilvie-Grant, 1902s Saudi Arabia and w Yemen 
       S. i. montana  Stepanyan, 1970Iran, s Turkmenistan, s Tajikistan and Afghanistan 
       S. i. platyura  (Severtsov, 1873)Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, n Turkmenistan and sw Tajikistan 
       S. i. striata  (Brooks, WE, 1872)sc Iraq, s Iran, s Afghanistan and Pakistan 
Little Yellow FlycatcherErythrocercus holochlorus  Erlanger, 1901AF : e 
Chestnut-capped FlycatcherErythrocercus mccallii  (Cassin, 1855)AF : c, w 
       E. m. nigeriae  Bannerman, 1920Sierra Leone to sw Nigeria 
       E. m. mccallii  (Cassin, 1855)se Nigeria to c DRCongo and nw Angola 
       E. m. congicus  Ogilvie-Grant, 1907e DRCongo and w Uganda 
Livingstone's FlycatcherErythrocercus livingstonei  Gray, GR, 1870AF : se 
       E. l. thomsoni  Shelley, 1882s Tanzania to s Malawi and n Mozambique 
       E. l. livingstonei  Gray, GR, 1870s Zambia, n Zimbabwe and nw Mozambique 
       E. l. francisi  Sclater, WL, 1898s Malawi to ne Zimbabwe and s Mozambique 
Grauer's WarblerGraueria vittata  Hartert, 1908AF : ec 
Green HyliaHylia prasina  (Cassin, 1855)AF : w,c 
       H. p. poensis  Alexander, 1903Bioko I. 
       H. p. prasina  (Cassin, 1855)Gambia and Senegal to Kenya, Tanzania, DRCongo and Angola 
Tit HyliaPholidornis rushiae  (Cassin, 1855)AF : w, cENG : CORRECT: English name of Tit-Hylia to Tit Hylia
       P. r. ussheri  Reichenow, 1905Sierra Leone to sw Nigeria 
       P. r. rushiae  (Cassin, 1855)se Nigeria to Gabon 
       P. r. bedfordi  Ogilvie-Grant, 1904Bioko I. 
       P. r. denti  Ogilvie-Grant, 1907se Cameroon to Uganda, e DRCongo and nw Angola 
    
Oropendolas, Orioles & Blackbirds (108)
Family Icteridae
  
Casqued OropendolaClypicterus oseryi  (Deville, 1849)SA : w Amazonia 
Chestnut-headed OropendolaPsarocolius wagleri  (Gray, GR, 1845)LA : Mexico to EcuadorTAX : Zarhynchus wagleri is now assigned to Psarocolius (SACC, AOU 1998)
       P. w. wagleri  (Gray, GR, 1845)se Mexico to ne Nicaragua 
       P. w. ridgwayi  (van Rossem, 1934)s Nicaragua to sw Ecuador 
Crested OropendolaPsarocolius decumanus  (Pallas, 1769)SA : n, sc, also Costa Rica and Panama 
       P. d. melanterus  (Todd, 1917)s Costa Rica to w Colombia 
       P. d. insularis  (Dalmas, 1900)Trinidad and Tobago 
       P. d. decumanus  (Pallas, 1769)n South America 
       P. d. maculosus  (Chapman, 1920)e Peru and Bolivia to n Argentina 
Green OropendolaPsarocolius viridis  (Statius Müller, 1776)SA : Amazonia 
Dusky-green OropendolaPsarocolius atrovirens  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)SA : Peru, Bolivia 
Russet-backed OropendolaPsarocolius angustifrons  (von Spix, 1824)SA : w, n 
       P. a. salmoni  (Sclater, PL, 1883)w and c Colombia 
       P. a. atrocastaneus  (Cabanis, 1873)w Ecuador 
       P. a. sincipitalis  (Cabanis, 1873)nc Colombia 
       P. a. neglectus  (Chapman, 1914)ne Colombia and nw Venezuela 
       P. a. oleagineus  (Sclater, PL, 1883)nc Venezuela 
       P. a. angustifrons  (von Spix, 1824)nw Amazonia 
       P. a. alfredi  (Des Murs, 1856)se Ecuador to c Bolivia 
Montezuma OropendolaPsarocolius montezuma  (Lesson, 1830)MA : s Mexico to Panama 
Baudo OropendolaPsarocolius cassini  (Richmond, 1898)SA : nw Colombia 
Olive OropendolaPsarocolius bifasciatus  (von Spix, 1824)SA : e, s AmazoniaENG : English name of P.bifasciatus reverts from Para Oropendola to Olive Oropendola with inclusion of P.yuracares (SACC 2007)
       P. b. yuracares  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)se Colombia, s Venezuela, w Amazonian Brazil and e Bolivia 
       P. b. neivae  (Snethlage, E, 1925)nc Brazil south of the Amazon 
       P. b. bifasciatus  (von Spix, 1824)ne Brazil south of the Amazon 
Black OropendolaPsarocolius guatimozinus  (Bonaparte, 1853)LA : Panama, Colombia 
Band-tailed OropendolaOcyalus latirostris  (Swainson, 1838)SA : w Amazonia 
Yellow-rumped CaciqueCacicus cela  (Linnaeus, 1758)LA : Panama to se SA 
       C. c. vitellinus  Lawrence, 1864c Panama to n and c Colombia 
       C. c. flavicrissus  (Sclater, PL, 1860)w Ecuador and nw Peru 
       C. c. cela  (Linnaeus, 1758)e Colombia and Venezuela, the Guianas south to c Bolivia and s Brazil 
Red-rumped CaciqueCacicus haemorrhous  (Linnaeus, 1766)SA : Colombia to e Brazil and n Argentina 
       C. h. haemorrhous  (Linnaeus, 1766)e Colombia and e Ecuador, s Venezuela, the Guianas and n Brazil 
       C. h. pachyrhynchus  Berlepsch, 1889Amazon Basin in Brazil, e Peru and n Bolivia 
       C. h. affinis  Swainson, 1834e Paraguay, e Brazil and ne Argentina 
Subtropical CaciqueCacicus uropygialis  Lafresnaye, 1843LA : Panama to Peru 
Scarlet-rumped CaciqueCacicus microrhynchus  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1865)LA : Honduras to EcuadorAS : Cacicus microrhynchus is split from C. uropygialis (Jaramillo & Burke 1999 ; Ridgely & Greenfield 2001; Hilty 2003); SACC 73 wants formal analysis
       C. m. microrhynchus  (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1865)e Honduras to e Panama 
       C. m. pacificus  Chapman, 1915e Panama to sw Ecuador 
Golden-winged CaciqueCacicus chrysopterus  (Vigors, 1825)SA : sc 
Southern Mountain CaciqueCacicus chrysonotus  (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838)SA : Peru, n Bolivia 
Northern Mountain CaciqueCacicus leucoramphus  (Bonaparte, 1845)SA : Venezuela to Ecuador, n PeruAS : Cacicus leucoramphus is split from C.chrysonotus (Jaramillo & Burke 1999; Ridgely & Greenfield 2001; Hilty 2003); SACC needs proposal
       C. l. leucoramphus  (Bonaparte, 1845)Colombia and w Venezuela to se Ecuador 
       C. l. peruvianus  Zimmer, 1924n and c Peru 
Ecuadorian CaciqueCacicus sclateri  (Dubois, AJC, 1887)SA : Ecuador, Peru 
Selva CaciqueCacicus koepckeae  Lowery & O'Neill, 1965SA : Peru 
Solitary CaciqueCacicus solitarius  Vieillot, 1816SA : c Amazonia to n Argentina 
Mexican CaciqueCacicus melanicterus  (Bonaparte, 1825)MA : w Mexico to se Guatemala 
Yellow-billed CaciqueAmblycercus holosericeus  (Deppe, 1830)LA : Mexico to n Bolivia 
       A. h. holosericeus  (Deppe, 1830)se Mexico to nw Colombia 
       A. h. flavirostris  Chapman, 1915w Colombia to n Peru 
       A. h. australis  Chapman, 1919n Colombia and nw Venezuela to e Peru and n Bolivia 
Venezuelan TroupialIcterus icterus  (Linnaeus, 1766)SA : Colombia, Venezuela 
       I. i. icterus  (Linnaeus, 1766)nc Venezuela 
       I. i. ridgwayi  (Hartert, 1902)n Colombia, coastal n Venezuela and nearby islands 
       I. i. metae  Phelps Jr & Aveledo, 1966ne Colombia and w Venezuela 
Orange-backed TroupialIcterus croconotus  (Wagler, 1829)SA : n, w, sw Amazonia to n Argentina 
       I. c. croconotus  (Wagler, 1829)w Amazonia 
       I. c. strictifrons  Todd, 1924e Bolivia and Paraguay to sc Brazil and n Argentina 
Campo TroupialIcterus jamacaii  (Gmelin, JF, 1788)SA : e Brazil 
Spot-breasted OrioleIcterus pectoralis  (Wagler, 1829)MA : widespread 
       I. p. carolynae  Dickerman, 1981sw Mexico 
       I. p. pectoralis  (Wagler, 1829)se Mexico 
       I. p. guttulatus  Lafresnaye, 1844s Mexico to Nicaragua 
       I. p. espinachi  Ridgway, 1882s Nicaragua to nw Costa Rica 
White-edged OrioleIcterus graceannae  Cassin, 1867SA : Ecuador, Peru 
Yellow-tailed OrioleIcterus mesomelas  (Wagler, 1829)LA : Mexico to Peru 
       I. m. mesomelas  (Wagler, 1829)s Mexico to Honduras 
       I. m. salvinii  Cassin, 1867Nicaragua to w Panama 
       I. m. carrikeri  Todd, 1917e Panama to c Colombia and nw Venezuela 
       I. m. taczanowskii  Ridgway, 1901w Ecuador and nw Peru 
Epaulet OrioleIcterus cayanensis  (Linnaeus, 1766)SA : n, cAL : Moriche Oriole I.chrysocephalus is included as a subspecies of Epaulet Oriole following SACC, but stay tuned.
       I. c. cayanensis  (Linnaeus, 1766)the Guianas south through much of s Amazonia to e Peru, n Bolivia and ne Brazil 
       I. c. chrysocephalus  (Linnaeus, 1766)Trinidad, se Colombia and ne Peru, s Venezuela, the Guianas and n Brazil 
Variable OrioleIcterus pyrrhopterus  (Vieillot, 1819)SA : scAS : Variable Oriole is split from Epaulet Oriole (D´Horta et al 2008, SACC 418)
       I. p. periporphyrus  (Bonaparte, 1850)ec Bolivia to sc Brazil 
       I. p. pyrrhopterus  (Vieillot, 1819)se Bolivia to s Brazil, Uruguay and n Argentina 
       I. p. tibialis  Swainson, 1838e Brazil 
       I. p. valenciobuenoi  von Ihering, H, 1902se Brazil 
Martinique OrioleIcterus bonana  (Linnaeus, 1766)NA : Martinique 
St. Lucia OrioleIcterus laudabilis  Sclater, PL, 1871NA : St. Lucia 
Montserrat OrioleIcterus oberi  Lawrence, 1880NA : Montserrat 
Hispaniolan OrioleIcterus dominicensis  (Linnaeus, 1766)NA : HispaniolaENG : CHANGE English name of Greater Antillean Oriole to Hispaniolan Oriole with splits of other island species
Puerto Rican OrioleIcterus portoricensis  Bryant, H, 1866NA : Puerto RicoAS : Puerto Rican Oriole is split from Greater Antillean (Hispaniolan) Oriole (Sturge et al 2009)
Cuban OrioleIcterus melanopsis  (Wagler, 1829)NA : CubaAS : Cuban Oriole is split from Greater Antillean (Hispaniolan) Oriole (Sturge et al 2009)
Bahama OrioleIcterus northropi  Allen, JA, 1890NA : BahamasAS : Bahama Oriole is split from Greater Antillean (Hispaniolan) Oriole (Sturge et al 2009)
Black-cowled OrioleIcterus prosthemelas  (Strickland, 1850)MA : s Mexico to Panama 
       I. p. prosthemelas  (Strickland, 1850)se Mexico to c Costa Rica 
       I. p. praecox  Phillips, AR & Dickerman, 1965se Costa Rica to w Panama 
Orchard OrioleIcterus spurius  (Linnaeus, 1766)NA, MA : se Canada to c Mexico 
       I. s. spurius  (Linnaeus, 1766)s Canada and c and e USA 
       I. s. phillipsi  Dickerman & Warner, 1962c Mexico 
Ochre OrioleIcterus fuertesi  Chapman, 1911MA : ne MexicoPL : Icterus fuertesi is split from I. spurius (Baker et al. 2003; Kiere et al. 2007); AOU and BLI do not yet recognize
Hooded OrioleIcterus cucullatus  Swainson, 1827NA, MA : sw USA, Mexico, Belize 
       I. c. nelsoni  Ridgway, 1885sw USA and nw Mexico 
       I. c. trochiloides  Grinnell, 1927c and s Baja California (nw Mexico) 
       I. c. sennetti  Ridgway, 1901s Texas (sc USA) to e Mexico 
       I. c. cucullatus  Swainson, 1827sw Texas (sc USA) to c Mexico 
       I. c. igneus  Ridgway, 1885se Mexico and Belize 
Black-vented OrioleIcterus wagleri  Sclater, PL, 1857MA : Mexico to Nicaragua 
       I. w. castaneopectus  Brewster, 1888nw Mexico 
       I. w. wagleri  Sclater, PL, 1857c Mexico to Nicaragua 
Bar-winged OrioleIcterus maculialatus  Cassin, 1848MA : s Mexico to El Salvador 
Scott's OrioleIcterus parisorum  Bonaparte, 1838NA, MA : sc USA, Mexico 
Orange-crowned OrioleIcterus auricapillus  Cassin, 1848LA : Panama to Venezuela 
Yellow-backed OrioleIcterus chrysater  (Lesson, 1844)LA : s Mexico to Venezuela and Ecuador 
       I. c. chrysater  (Lesson, 1844)c and s Yucatan (se Mexico) and s Mexico to n Nicaragua 
       I. c. mayensis  van Rossem, 1938n Yucatan Pen. (se Mexico) 
       I. c. giraudii  Cassin, 1848Panama to nw Venezuela, c and s Colombia and sw Ecuador 
       I. c. hondae  Chapman, 1914Magdalena Valley (nc Colombia) 
Audubon's OrioleIcterus graduacauda  Lesson, 1839NA, MA : s Texas, Mexico 
       I. g. audubonii  Giraud, 1841s Texas (sc USA) and ne Mexico 
       I. g. nayaritensis  van Rossem, 1938wc Mexico 
       I. g. dickeyae  van Rossem, 1938sw Mexico 
       I. g. graduacauda  Lesson, 1839e Mexico 
Baltimore OrioleIcterus galbula  (Linnaeus, 1758)NA : e 
Black-backed OrioleIcterus abeillei  (Lesson, 1839)MA : sc Mexico 
Bullock's OrioleIcterus bullockii  (Swainson, 1827)NA : w 
Streak-backed OrioleIcterus pustulatus  (Wagler, 1829)MA : widespread 
       I. p. microstictus  Griscom, 1934nw Mexico 
       I. p. pustulatus  (Wagler, 1829)Colima to n Oaxaca, Puebla and Veracruz (sw Mexico) 
       I. p. graysonii  Cassin, 1867Tres Marias Is. (off w Mexico) 
       I. p. formosus  Lawrence, 1872Oaxaca and Chiapas (s Mexico) to nw Guatemala 
       I. p. maximus  Griscom, 1930Rio Negro valley (nc Guatemala) 
       I. p. alticola  Miller, W & Griscom, 1925Guatemala to ne Honduras 
       I. p. pustuloides  van Rossem, 1927San Miquel Volcano (ec El Salvador) 
       I. p. sclateri  Cassin, 1867s El Salvador to Costa Rica 
Jamaican OrioleIcterus leucopteryx  (Wagler, 1827)NA : Jamaica, Cayman Islands 
       I. l. lawrencii  Cory, 1887San Andrés I. (e of Nicaragua) 
       I. l. bairdi †  Cory, 1886Grand Cayman I. 
       I. l. leucopteryx  (Wagler, 1827)Jamaica 
Orange OrioleIcterus auratus  Bonaparte, 1850MA : se Mexico 
Yellow OrioleIcterus nigrogularis  (Hahn, 1819)SA : n 
       I. n. nigrogularis  (Hahn, 1819)n Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas and n Brazil 
       I. n. curasoensis  Ridgway, 1884Netherland Antilles 
       I. n. helioeides  Clark, AH, 1902Margarita I. (off n Venezuela) 
       I. n. trinitatis  Hartert, 1913Trinidad and Paria Pen. (ne Venezuela) 
Altamira OrioleIcterus gularis  (Wagler, 1829)NA, MA : s Texas to Honduras 
       I. g. tamaulipensis  Ridgway, 1901s Texas (sc USA) to e Mexico 
       I. g. yucatanensis  Berlepsch, 1888se Mexico and n Belize 
       I. g. flavescens  Phillips, AR, 1966Guerrero (sw Mexico) 
       I. g. gularis  (Wagler, 1829)Oaxaca (sw Mexico) to El Salvador 
       I. g. troglodytes  Griscom, 1930s Mexico to w Guatemala 
       I. g. gigas  Griscom, 1930s Guatemala and Honduras 
Jamaican BlackbirdNesopsar nigerrimus  (Osburn, 1859)NA : Jamaica 
Oriole BlackbirdGymnomystax mexicanus  (Linnaeus, 1766)SA : Amazonia 
Colombian Mountain GrackleMacroagelaius subalaris  (Boissonneau, 1840)SA : Colombia 
Golden-tufted Mountain GrackleMacroagelaius imthurni  (Sclater, PL, 1881)SA : Tepuis 
Red-bellied GrackleHypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster  (de Tarragon, 1847)SA : Colombia 
Velvet-fronted GrackleLampropsar tanagrinus  (von Spix, 1824)SA : w, sw Amazonia, Tepuis 
       L. t. guianensis  Cabanis, 1849e Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana and n Brazil 
       L. t. tanagrinus  (von Spix, 1824)s Colombia, e Ecuador, ne Peru and w Brazil 
       L. t. macropterus  Gyldenstolpe, 1945w Brazil 
       L. t. violaceus  Hellmayr, 1906wc Brazil 
       L. t. boliviensis  Gyldenstolpe, 1941e Bolivia 
Chopi BlackbirdGnorimopsar chopi  (Vieillot, 1819)SA : e, se, sc 
       G. c. sulcirostris  (von Spix, 1824)ne Brazil 
       G. c. chopi  (Vieillot, 1819)se Bolivia to c and se Brazil, Uruguay and ne Argentina 
       G. c. megistus  (Leverkühn, 1889)se Peru to e Bolivia 
Austral BlackbirdCuraeus curaeus  (Molina, 1782)SA : Southern Cone 
       C. c. curaeus  (Molina, 1782)c Chile and sw Argentina 
       C. c. recurvirostris  Markham, 1971Reisco Is. (s Chile) 
       C. c. reynoldsi  (Sclater, WL, 1939)Tierra del Fuego (s Chile and s Argentina) 
Forbes's BlackbirdCuraeus forbesi  (Sclater, PL, 1886)SA : e Brazil 
Scarlet-headed BlackbirdAmblyramphus holosericeus  (Scopoli, 1786)SA : se, sc 
Pale-eyed BlackbirdAgelasticus xanthophthalmus  (Short, 1969)SA : Ecuador, Peru 
Unicolored BlackbirdAgelasticus cyanopus  (Vieillot, 1819)SA : sc, e Brazil 
       A. c. xenicus  (Parkes, 1966)ne Brazil 
       A. c. atroolivaceus  (Wied-Neuwied, 1831)e Brazil 
       A. c. beniensis  (Parkes, 1966)ne Bolivia 
       A. c. cyanopus  (Vieillot, 1819)e Bolivia and sc Brazil to Paraguay, n Argentina and Uruguay 
Yellow-winged BlackbirdAgelasticus thilius  (Molina, 1782)SA : sw, sc 
       A. t. alticola  (Todd, 1932)se Peru and w Bolivia 
       A. t. thilius  (Molina, 1782)Chile 
       A. t. petersii  (Laubmann, 1934)se Brazil, Uruguay and n Argentina 
Chestnut-capped BlackbirdChrysomus ruficapillus  (Vieillot, 1819)SA : ne, sc 
       C. r. frontalis  (Vieillot, 1819)French Guiana and e Brazil 
       C. r. ruficapillus  (Vieillot, 1819)e Bolivia and s Brazil to n Argentina and Uruguay 
Yellow-hooded BlackbirdChrysomus icterocephalus  (Linnaeus, 1766)SA : n, c 
       C. i. bogotensis  (Chapman, 1914)nc Colombia 
       C. i. icterocephalus  (Linnaeus, 1766)n Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, n and w Brazil and ne Peru 
Saffron-cowled BlackbirdXanthopsar flavus  (Gmelin, JF, 1788)SA : sc 
Yellow-rumped MarshbirdPseudoleistes guirahuro  (Vieillot, 1819)SA : se 
Brown-and-yellow MarshbirdPseudoleistes virescens  (Vieillot, 1819)SA : se 
Bolivian BlackbirdAgelaioides oreopsar  Lowther, PE, 2001SA : Bolivia 
BaywingAgelaioides badius  (Vieillot, 1819)SA : sc 
       A. b. fringillarius  (von Spix, 1824)ne Brazil 
       A. b. badius  (Vieillot, 1819)e Bolivia and s Brazil to Uruguay and s Argentina 
       A. b. bolivianus  (Hellmayr, 1917)c and s Bolivia 
Screaming CowbirdMolothrus rufoaxillaris  Cassin, 1866SA : sc 
Giant CowbirdMolothrus oryzivorus  (Gmelin, JF, 1788)LA : e Mexico through n SA 
       M. o. impacifus  (Peters, JL, 1929)e Mexico to w Panama 
       M. o. oryzivorus  (Gmelin, JF, 1788)c Panama to Peru, Bolivia and n Argentina 
Bronzed CowbirdMolothrus aeneus  (Wagler, 1829)NA, MA : sw USA to Panama 
       M. a. loyei  Parkes & Blake, 1965sw USA and nw Mexico 
       M. a. assimilis  (Nelson, 1900)sw Mexico 
       M. a. aeneus  (Wagler, 1829)s Texas (sc USA) and e Mexico to c Panama 
Bronze-brown CowbirdMolothrus armenti  Cabanis, 1851SA : ColombiaPL : Molothrus armenti is split from M. aeneus (AOU 1993, Jaramillo & Burke 1999); SACC treats as subspecies)
Shiny CowbirdMolothrus bonariensis  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)NA, SA : se USA though c SA 
       M. b. minimus  Dalmas, 1900s Florida (se USA), West Indies, the Guianas and n Brazil 
       M. b. cabanisii  Cassin, 1866e Costa Rica to w Colombia 
       M. b. venezuelensis  Stone, 1891e Colombia and n Venezuela 
       M. b. aequatorialis  Chapman, 1915sw Colombia and w Ecuador 
       M. b. occidentalis  Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1892sw Ecuador and w Peru 
       M. b. riparius  Griscom & Greenway, 1937e Ecuador, e Peru and w Brazil 
       M. b. bonariensis  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)c and e Brazil to Chile, Bolivia and Argentina 
Brown-headed CowbirdMolothrus ater  (Boddaert, 1783)NA, MA : s Canada to s Mexico 
       M. a. artemisiae  Grinnell, 1909interior w Canada and w USA 
       M. a. obscurus  (Gmelin, JF, 1789)coastal Alaska, Canada, USA and nw Mexico 
       M. a. ater  (Boddaert, 1783)se Canada, e and c USA and ne Mexico 
Cuban BlackbirdDives atroviolaceus  (d'Orbigny, 1839)NA : Cuba 
Melodious BlackbirdDives dives  (Deppe, 1830)MA : Mexico to Nicaragua 
Scrub BlackbirdDives warczewiczi  (Cabanis, 1861)SA : Ecuador, Peru 
       D. w. warczewiczi  (Cabanis, 1861)w Ecuador and nw Peru 
       D. w. kalinowskii  Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1892w Peru 
Red-winged BlackbirdAgelaius phoeniceus  (Linnaeus, 1766)NA, MA : widespread 
       A. p. arctolegus  Oberholser, 1907se Alaska, wc and c Canada and nc USA 
       A. p. fortis  Ridgway, 1901wc and sc USA 
       A. p. nevadensis  Grinnell, 1914inland sw Canada and nw and w USA 
       A. p. caurinus  Ridgway, 1901coastal sw Canada and nw and w USA 
       A. p. sonoriensis  Ridgway, 1887sw USA and nw Mexico 
       A. p. nyaritensis  Dickey & van Rossem, 1925w Mexico to w El Salvador 
       A. p. grinnelli  Howell, AB, 1917El Salvador to nw Costa Rica 
       A. p. phoeniceus  (Linnaeus, 1766)se Canada and e USA 
       A. p. littoralis  Howell, AH & van Rossem, 1928coastal se USA from Texas to Florida 
       A. p. mearnsi  Howell, AH & van Rossem, 1928se Georgia to sc Florida (se USA) 
       A. p. floridanus  Maynard, 1895s Florida (se USA) 
       A. p. megapotamus  Oberholser, 1919s Texas (sc USA) to e Mexico 
       A. p. nelsoni  Dickerman, 1965sc Mexico 
       A. p. richmondi  Nelson, 1897se and s Mexico to n Costa Rica 
       A. p. arthuralleni  Dickerman, 1974n Guatemala 
       A. p. brevirostris  Monroe, 1963ne Honduras to se Nicaragua 
       A. p. bryanti  Ridgway, 1887nw Bahamas 
       A. p. aciculatus  Mailliard, 1915Kern County (s California in sw USA) 
       A. p. neutralis  Ridgway, 1901s California (sw USA) and nw Mexico 
       A. p. mailliardorum  van Rossem, 1926coastal c California (w USA) 
       A. p. californicus  Nelson, 1897inland c California (w USA) 
       A. p. gubernator  (Wagler, 1832)c Mexico 
Red-shouldered BlackbirdAgelaius assimilis  Lembeye, 1850NA : Cuba 
       A. a. assimilis  Lembeye, 1850w Cuba 
       A. a. subniger  Bangs, 1913Isle of Pines 
Tricolored BlackbirdAgelaius tricolor  (Audubon, 1837)NA : California 
Tawny-shouldered BlackbirdAgelaius humeralis  (Vigors, 1827)NA : Hispaniola, Cuba 
       A. h. humeralis  (Vigors, 1827)Cuba and nw Haiti 
       A. h. scopulus  Garrido, 1970Cayo Cantiles (east of Isle of Pines off sw Cuba) 
Yellow-shouldered BlackbirdAgelaius xanthomus  (Sclater, PL, 1862)NA : Puerto Rico 
       A. x. xanthomus  (Sclater, PL, 1862)Puerto Rico 
       A. x. monensis  Barnes Jr, 1945Mona I. (w of Puerto Rico) 
Rusty BlackbirdEuphagus carolinus  (Statius Müller, 1776)NA : n 
       E. c. carolinus  (Statius Müller, 1776)Alaska and n Canada to Labrador (e Canada) and ne USA 
       E. c. nigrans  Burleigh & Peters, HS, 1948se Canada 
Brewer's BlackbirdEuphagus cyanocephalus  (Wagler, 1829)NA : w, c 
Common GrackleQuiscalus quiscula  (Linnaeus, 1758)NA : c, e 
       Q. q. versicolor  Vieillot, 1819sc and se Canada, c USA 
       Q. q. stonei  Chapman, 1935ec USA 
       Q. q. quiscula  (Linnaeus, 1758)se USA 
Carib GrackleQuiscalus lugubris  Swainson, 1838NA, SA : Lesser Antilles, n SA 
       Q. l. guadeloupensis  Lawrence, 1879nc Lesser Antilles 
       Q. l. inflexirostris  Swainson, 1838St. Lucia (c Lesser Antilles) 
       Q. l. contrusus  (Peters, JL, 1925)St. Vincent (s Lesser Antilles) 
       Q. l. luminosus  Lawrence, 1878Grenadines and Granada (s Lesser Antilles), Los Testigos (off ne Venezuela) 
       Q. l. fortirostris  Lawrence, 1868Barbados (s Lesser Antilles), introduced to Antigua, Barbuda, St. Kitts (c Lesser Antilles) 
       Q. l. orquillensis  (Cory, 1909)Los Hermanos (off ne Venezuela) 
       Q. l. insularis  Richmond, 1896Margarita I. and Los Frailes (off ne Venezuela) 
       Q. l. lugubris  Swainson, 1838Trinidad, n Venezuela, the Guianas and ne Brazil 
Great-tailed GrackleQuiscalus mexicanus  (Gmelin, JF, 1788)NA, LA : s USA through w, n SA 
       Q. m. nelsoni  (Ridgway, 1901)sw USA and nw Mexico 
       Q. m. graysoni  Sclater, PL, 1884w Mexico 
       Q. m. obscurus  Nelson, 1900sw Mexico 
       Q. m. monsoni  (Phillips, AR, 1950)wc USA to nc Mexico 
       Q. m. prosopidicola  (Lowery, 1938)c and sc USA to ne Mexico 
       Q. m. mexicanus  (Gmelin, JF, 1788)c Mexico to Nicaragua 
       Q. m. loweryi  (Dickerman & Phillips, AR, 1966)Yucatan Pen. (se Mexico), Belize and nearby islands 
       Q. m. peruvianus  Swainson, 1838Costa Rica to Peru and Venezuela 
Boat-tailed GrackleQuiscalus major  Vieillot, 1819NA : e, se USA 
       Q. m. torreyi  (Harper, 1934)ec USA 
       Q. m. westoni  (Sprunt Jr, 1934)Florida (se USA) 
       Q. m. alabamensis  Stevenson, HM, 1978coastal se USA from Mississippi to Florida 
       Q. m. major  Vieillot, 1819coastal se USA from Texas to Mississippi 
Slender-billed GrackleQuiscalus palustris †  (Swainson, 1827)MA : c MexicoEXTINCT :
Nicaraguan GrackleQuiscalus nicaraguensis  Salvin & Godman, 1891MA : Nicaragua and n Costa Rica 
Greater Antillean GrackleQuiscalus niger  (Boddaert, 1783)NA : Greater Antilles 
       Q. n. caribaeus  (Todd, 1916)w Cuba and Isle of Pines 
       Q. n. gundlachii  Cassin, 1867c and e Cuba 
       Q. n. caymanensis  Cory, 1886Grand Cayman I. 
       Q. n. bangsi  (Peters, JL, 1921)Little Cayman I. 
       Q. n. crassirostris  Swainson, 1838Jamiaca 
       Q. n. niger  (Boddaert, 1783)Hispaniola 
       Q. n. brachypterus  Cassin, 1867Puerto Rico 
Red-breasted BlackbirdSturnella militaris  (Linnaeus, 1758)LA : Costa Rica through c SA 
White-browed BlackbirdSturnella superciliaris  (Bonaparte, 1850)SA : sc 
Peruvian MeadowlarkSturnella bellicosa  de Filippi, 1847SA : Ecuador to n Chile 
       S. b. bellicosa  de Filippi, 1847w Ecuador and nw Peru 
       S. b. albipes  (Philippi & Landbeck, 1861)sw Peru and n Chile 
Pampas MeadowlarkSturnella defilippii  (Bonaparte, 1850)SA : se 
Long-tailed MeadowlarkSturnella loyca  (Molina, 1782)SA : Southern Cone 
       S. l. loyca  (Molina, 1782)s Chile and s Argentina 
       S. l. catamarcana  (Zotta, 1937)nw Argentina 
       S. l. obscura  Nores & Yzurieta, 1979c Argentina 
       S. l. falklandica  (Leverkühn, 1889)Falkland Is. 
Eastern MeadowlarkSturnella magna  (Linnaeus, 1758)NA, LA : se Canada to ne Brazil 
       S. m. magna  (Linnaeus, 1758)se Canada, c and e USA 
       S. m. argutula  Bangs, 1899sc and se USA 
       S. m. hoopesi  Stone, 1897s Texas (sc USA) and ne Mexico 
       S. m. auropectoralis  Saunders, GB, 1934wc Mexico 
       S. m. saundersi  Dickerman & Phillips, AR, 1970se Oaxaca (s Mexico) 
       S. m. alticola  Nelson, 1900s Mexico to Costa Rica 
       S. m. mexicana  Sclater, PL, 1861se Mexico to Belize and Guatemala 
       S. m. griscomi  van Tyne & Trautman, 1941n Yucatan (se Mexico) 
       S. m. inexspectata  Ridgway, 1888Honduras and ne Nicaragua 
       S. m. subulata  Griscom, 1934Panama 
       S. m. meridionalis  Sclater, PL, 1861nc Colombia to nw Venezuela 
       S. m. paralios  Bangs, 1901n Colombia, n and c Venezuela 
       S. m. praticola  Chubb, 1921e Colombia, s Venezuela and Guyana 
       S. m. quinta  Dickerman, 1989Suriname, French Guiana and ne Brazil 
       S. m. hippocrepis  (Wagler, 1832)Cuba 
       S. m. lilianae  Oberholser, 1930sw USA and nw Mexico 
Western MeadowlarkSturnella neglecta  Audubon, 1844NA, MA : w 
Yellow-headed BlackbirdXanthocephalus xanthocephalus  (Bonaparte, 1826)NA, MA : w 
BobolinkDolichonyx oryzivorus  (Linnaeus, 1758)NA : n, c