When one of
you brings a mammal as an offering to HaShem, the sacrifice must be
taken from the cattle, sheep or goats. If the sacrifice is a burnt
offering taken from the cattle, it must be an unblemished male. One
must bring it of his own free will to the entrance of the Communion
Tent, before HaShem.
He shall
press his hands on the head of the burnt offering, and it shall then
be accepted as an atonement for him. He shall have the young bull
slaughtered before HaShem. Aaron's sons, the priests, shall then
bring forth the blood, dashing it on all sides of the altar that is
in front of the Communion Tent's entrance. He shall have the burnt
offering skinned and cut into pieces.
Aaron's sons
shall place fire on the altar, and arrange wood on the fire. Aaron's
sons shall then arrange the cut pieces, the head, and the fatty
intestinal membrane on top of the wood that is on the altar
fire.
The inner
organs and legs, however, must first be scrubbed with water. The
priest shall thus burn the entire animal on the altar as a
completely burnt fire offering to HaShem, an appeasing fragrance.
Burnt
Offerings of Smaller Animals
If one's
burnt offering is a smaller animal, it shall be taken from the sheep
or goats; and one must likewise present an unblemished male.
He shall
have it slaughtered on the north side of the altar before HaShem,
and the priests who are Aaron's descendants shall dash its blood on
all sides of the altar. The animal shall be cut into pieces, and the
priest shall arrange them, along with the head and intestinal
membrane, on top of the wood on the altar fire. The internal organs
and feet shall first be washed with water, and the priest shall then
offer everything, burning it on the altar. It is a completely burnt
fire offering, an appeasing fragrance to HaShem.
Burnt
Offerings of Birds
If one's
burnt offering is a bird, he must bring a turtle dove or a young
common dove. The priest shall bring it to the altar and nip off its
head. After draining the bird's blood on the altar's wall, he shall
burn the head on the altar. He shall remove the bird's crop along
with its adjacent feathers and cast them into the place of the fatty
ashes, directly to the east of the altar.
He shall
split the bird apart by its wings without tearing it completely in
half. The priest shall then burn it on the altar, on the wood that
is on the fire. It is a burnt offering, a fire offering that is an
appeasing fragrance to HaShem.
The Meal
Offering
If an
individual presents a meal offering to HaShem, his offering must
consist of the best grade of wheat meal. On it, he shall pour olive
oil and place frankincense. He shall bring it to the priests who are
Aaron's descendants, and a priest shall scoop out three fingers full
of its meal and oil, and then take all the frankincense. The priest
shall then burn this memorial portion on the altar as a fire
offering, an appeasing fragrance to HaShem.
The rest of
the meal offering shall belong to Aaron and his descendants. It is
holy of holies among the fire offerings to HaShem.
The Baked
Offering
If he
brings a meal offering that was baked in an oven, it shall consist
either of unleavened loaves made of wheat meal mixed with olive oil,
or flat matzahs saturated with olive oil.
The Pan
Offering
If the
sacrifice is a pan fried offering, it shall be made of wheat meal
mixed with olive oil, and it shall remain unleavened. Break it into
little pieces, and pour olive oil on it. In this respect it is like
every other meal offering.
The Deep
Fried Offering
If your
sacrifice is a meal offering prepared in a deep pot, it shall be
made of wheat meal in olive oil. You may thus bring a meal offering
in any of these ways as an offering to HaShem. It shall be presented
to the priest and brought to the altar.
The priest
shall then lift out the memorial portion from the meal offering, and
burn it on the altar. It is a fire offering, an appeasing fragrance
to HaShem.
The
remainder of the meal offering then belongs to Aaron and his
descendants. It is holy of holies, one of HaShem's fire offerings.
Do not make
any meal offering that is sacrificed to God out of leavened dough.
This is because you may not burn anything fermented or sweet as a
fire offering to HaShem. Although these may be brought as a
first-fruit offering to HaShem, they may not be offered on the altar
as an appeasing fragrance.
You must
salt every meal offering. Do not leave out the salt of your HaShem's
covenant from your meal offerings. Furthermore, you must also offer
salt with your animal sacrifices.
The First
Grain Offering
When you
bring an offering of the first grain, it should be brought as soon
as it ripens on the stalk. Your first grain offering shall consist
of fresh kernels of barley, roasted in a perforated pan, and then
ground into coarse meal. Place olive oil and frankincense on it,
just like for any other meal offering.
As a fire
offering to HaShem, the priest shall then burn the memorial portion
taken from its coarse meal and oil, as well as all its frankincense.
Peace
Offerings of Cattle
If one's
sacrifice is a peace offering and it is from the cattle, he may
offer either an unblemished male or an unblemished female before
HaShem. He shall press his hands on the head of the sacrifice, and
have it slaughtered at the entrance of the Communion Tent. The
priests who are Aaron's descendants shall dash its blood on all
sides of the altar.
The portion
of the peace offerings that must be presented as a fire offering to
HaShem must include the layer of fat covering the stomachs and all
the other fat attached to the stomachs. The two kidneys along with
the fat on them along the flanks, and the lobe over the liver near
the kidneys must also be removed.
Aaron's
descendants shall burn this on the altar, along with the burnt
offering which is on the wood on the fire. It is a fire offering, an
appeasing fragrance to HaShem.
Peace
Offerings of Sheep
If one's
sacrifice for a peace offering to HaShem is taken from the smaller
animals, he may also present an unblemished male or female animal.
If he brings a sheep as his sacrifice, he shall present it before
HaShem. He shall press his hands on the head of the sacrifice and
have it slaughtered in front of the Communion Tent. Aaron's
descendants shall then dash its blood on all sides of the altar.
He shall
present the choicest parts of his peace offering as a fire offering
to HaShem, removing the broad tail up to the backbone, along with
the layer of fat covering the stomachs and all the other fat
attached to the stomachs. The two kidneys along with the fat on them
along the flanks, and the lobe over the liver near the kidneys, must
also be removed.
The priest
shall burn them on the altar, to be consumed as a fire offering to
HaShem.
Peace
Offerings of Goats
If his
sacrifice is a goat, he shall present it before HaShem. He shall
press his hands on its head, and have it slaughtered before the
Communion Tent. Aaron's descendants shall then dash its blood on all
sides of the altar.
As his fire
offering sacrifice to HaShem, he shall present the layer of fat that
covers the stomachs, and all the other fat attached to the stomachs.
The two kidneys along with the fat on them along the flanks, and the
lobe over the liver near the kidneys, shall also be removed.
The priests
shall burn them on the altar, to be consumed as a fire offering, an
appeasing fragrance. All the prescribed internal fat thus belongs to
HaShem.
It shall be
an eternal law, for all your generations, that you are not to eat
any internal fat that is normally sacrificed nor any blood, no
matter where you may live.
Sin
Offerings for the High Priest
God spoke to
Moses with instructions to speak to the Israelites and tell them the
following:
This is the
law if an individual commits an inadvertent sin by violating certain
specified prohibitory commandments of HaShem. If the anointed priest
commits an inadvertent violation, bringing guilt to his people, the
sacrifice for his violation shall be an unblemished young bull as a
sin offering to HaShem.
He shall
bring the bull before HaShem to the entrance of the Communion Tent,
and press his hands on the bull's head. He shall then slaughter the
bull before HaShem.
The anointed
priest shall take the bull's blood and bring it into the Communion
Tent. The priest shall dip his finger into the blood, and sprinkle
it seven times before HaShem toward the cloth partition in the
sanctuary. The priest shall then place some of the blood on the
incense altar which is before HaShem in the Communion Tent. He shall
then spill out all the rest of the bull's blood at the base of the
sacrificial altar, which is in front of the Communion Tent's
entrance.
He shall
separate out all the fat of the sin offering bull, taking the layer
of fat covering the stomachs, and all the fat attached to the
stomachs. The two kidneys, the fat on them along the flanks, and the
lobe on the liver near the kidneys, shall also be removed. All these
are the same as the parts removed from the peace offering. The
priest shall then burn them on the sacrificial altar.
He shall
take the bull's skin and all its flesh, from head to toe, as well as
the food in its intestines. The entire bull shall thus be removed to
the ritually pure place outside the camp, where the altar's ashes
are deposited. It shall be burned in fire on the wood in the place
where the ashes are deposited.
Sin
Offerings for the Community
If the
entire community of Israel commits an inadvertent violation as a
result of the truth being hidden from the congregation's eyes, and
they violate one of the specified prohibitory commandments of
HaShem, they shall incur guilt.
When the
violation that they have committed becomes known, the congregation
must bring a young bull as a sin offering, presenting it before the
Communion Tent. The community elders shall press their hands on the
bull's head before HaShem, and it shall be slaughtered before
HaShem.
The anointed
priest shall bring some of the bull's blood into the Communion Tent,
and dipping his finger into the blood, he shall sprinkle it seven
times before HaShem toward the cloth partition.
He shall
then place some of the blood on the horns of the incense altar that
is before HaShem in the Communion Tent. He shall spill out all the
rest of the blood at the base of the sacrificial altar which is in
front of the Communion Tent's entrance.
He shall
then separate out all of its fat, and burn it on the altar, doing
with this bull exactly as he did with the bull sacrificed as a sin
offering for the anointed priest. The priest shall thus make
atonement for the community so that they will be forgiven.
He shall
remove the bull to a place outside the camp, and burn it just as he
burned the first bull. This is the sin offering for the entire
congregation.
Sin
Offerings for the King
If the
leader commits a sin by inadvertently violating certain of HaShem's
prohibitory commandments, he incurs guilt. When he is made aware of
the sin that he has committed, he must bring an unblemished male
goat as his sacrifice. He shall press his hands on the goat's head,
and have it slaughtered as a sin offering in the same place that the
burnt offering was slaughtered before HaShem.
The priest
shall take the blood of the sin offering with his finger, and place
it on the protrusions of the sacrificial altar. The rest of the
blood shall be poured out at the base of the sacrificial
altar. All the animal's fat shall be burned on the altar, just
like the fat of the peace offerings. The priest shall thus make
atonement for the leader, and he will be forgiven.
Sin
Offerings for Commoners
If a
commoner commits an inadvertent violation by violating any one of
certain specified prohibitory commandments of HaShem, he incurs
guilt. When he is made aware of the violation he has committed, he
must bring an unblemished female goat for the sin he committed.
He shall
press his hands on the head of the sin offering, and have the sin
offering slaughtered in the same place as the burnt offering.
The priest shall take some of the goat's blood with his finger and
place it on the protrusions of the sacrificial altar, spilling out
all the rest of the blood at the altar's base.
He shall
remove all the fat, as he did with the fat of the peace offering,
and the priest shall burn it on the altar, as an appeasing fragrance
to HaShem. The priest shall thus make atonement for the individual,
and he will be forgiven.
Sheep as a
Sin Offering
If he brings
a sheep as a sin offering, it shall be an unblemished female. He
shall press his hands on the head of the sin offering, and have it
slaughtered in the same place that the burnt offering was
slaughtered.
The priest
shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger,
and place it on the protrusions of the sacrificial altar, spilling
out all the rest of the blood at the altar's base.
He shall
remove all its choice parts, just as he removed all the choice parts
of the sheep brought as a peace offering, and burn them on the altar
along with the fire offerings dedicated to God. The priest will thus
make atonement for the sin the person committed and he will be
forgiven.
The
Adjustable Guilt Offering
This is the
law if a person sins in any of the following ways:
If he is
bound by an oath to give evidence in court, where he was a witness
who saw or knew something, and he does not testify, he must bear his
guilt.
The same is
true if a person touches anything ritually unclean, whether it is
any dead non-kosher animal, wild or domestic, or any dead unclean
creeping animal, and then commits a violation while forgetting that
he was unclean.
Similarly,
if he comes in contact with any ritual uncleanliness stemming from a
human being, which renders him unclean, and then forgets about it,
he may later discover that he has committed a violation.
This is also
true if a person makes a verbal oath to do good or bad, no matter
what is expressed in the oath, and then forgets about it.
In any of
these cases, the person is considered guilty as soon as he realizes
what he has done.
When he is
guilty in any of these cases, he must confess the sin that he has
committed. He must also bring his guilt offering to HaShem for
the sin he has committed. It must be a female sheep or goat, brought
as a sin offering. The priest will then make atonement for the
person's sin.
If he cannot
afford a sheep, the guilt offering that he presents to HaShem for
his sin shall be two turtle doves or two young common doves. One
shall be a sin offering and the other shall be a burnt offering.
He shall
bring them to the priest, who shall first sacrifice the one for the
sin offering. He shall gouge through its neck from the back without
separating the head from the body.
He
shall then drain some of the blood on the side of the altar, and the
rest of the blood at the altar's base. This one is the sin offering.
Then he
shall sacrifice the second bird as the law requires. The priest
shall thus make atonement for the sin that the person committed, and
he will be forgiven.
The Meal
Offering for Guilt
If he cannot
afford the two turtle doves or two common doves, the sacrifice that
he must bring for his sin shall consist of 1/10 ephah of wheat meal
as a sin offering. Since it is a sin offering, he shall not place
any oil nor any frankincense on it.
He shall
bring it to the priest, and the priest shall scoop up three fingers
full as a memorial portion. He shall burn this portion as a sin
offering on the altar along with HaShem's other fire offerings.
The priest
shall thus make atonement for the person's sin with one of the
above-mentioned offerings, and he will be forgiven. Just as in the
case of the meal offering, the unburnt portions of these sacrifices
shall belong to the priest.
The
Misappropriation Sacrifice
HaShem spoke
to Moses saying: If a person sins inadvertently by using for
personal use something that is sacred to HaShem, he shall bring as
his guilt offering to HaShem, an unblemished ram with a prescribed
value of at least two shekels according to the sanctuary standard.
It shall be prepared as a guilt offering.
For
misappropriating something that was sacred, he must make full
restitution, adding one-fifth to it, and give it to the priest. The
priest shall then atone for him with the guilt offering ram, and he
will be forgiven.
The Offering
for Questionable Guilt
If a person
sins by violating certain of HaShem's prohibitory commandments,
without knowing for sure he still bears responsibility. He must
bring an unblemished ram, with the prescribed value, to the priest
as a guilt offering. The priest shall then make atonement for the
inadvertent sin that the person committed without definite
knowledge, and he shall be forgiven.
It is a
guilt offering that one must bring for his guilt toward HaShem.
Offerings
for Dishonesty
HaShem spoke
to Moses saying: This is the law, if a person sins and commits
a misappropriation offense against HaShem by lying to his neighbor.
It can involve an article left for safekeeping, a business deal,
robbery, withholding funds or finding a lost object and denying it.
If the person swears falsely in any of these cases involving human
relations, he is considered to have sinned.
When he
becomes guilty of such a sin, he must return the stolen article, the
withheld funds, the article left for safekeeping, the found article,
or anything else regarding which he swore falsely. He must make
restitution of the principal, and then add one-fifth to it. On the
day that he seeks atonement for his crime, he must give it to its
rightful owner.
He must then
bring to the priest his sin offering to HaShem. It shall be an
unblemished ram, worth the prescribed amount, as a guilt offering.
The priest shall make atonement for him before HaShem, and he will
then be forgiven for any crime that he has committed.