The World Dialogue on Regulation for Network Economies (WDR) is an infoDev-funded project that is helping to facilitate infoDev’s objectives to broaden the reach and affordability of ICTs for all through its program of applied research, web-based dialogue, expert forum meetings with policymakers and regulators, and publication of timely research and reference material, such as this report. Stimulating investment in network development is a fundamental issue for developing countries, and unfortunately in far too many countries telecom policy and regulation tends to increase rather than decrease investment risk. This report focuses specifically on the roles of telecom regulation in stimulating or retarding network investment opportunities in developing countries. By detailed hands-on case studies in seven countries and in-depth analysis of some key generic issues, the report is able to draw out the key problems and point directions for their resolution.