Online Social Networks (OSNs)

The explosion of online social networks (OSN) has created an interactive and communicative global phenomenon that has enabled billions of users to connect to other individuals on Facebook and Twitter but also with media sharing platforms such as Instagram and Pinterest. This study examines the current use of social media platforms and explores the factors that help define the long term implications of social media. The study employed a nationwide survey collected from 2012 to 2013 and is available from the PEW Internet research center of more than 2000 American citizens' behaviour towards OSNs. The results revealed strong predictors of OSN that form the connections among users; and the core significant predictors: age, gender and access to mobile Internet that foster the adoption and usage of OSN in the future. Furthermore, online activities such as posting video content on social networks also highlighted the online usage patterns and trends of using social media to actively engage with other users more willingly than text. This is due to the viral nature of online media sharing on social media and as part of the video viewing and creating experience. An outline of practical implications of the findings and areas for future research is also discussed.

Internet is the fastest growing medium ever. While television took 13 years to gain 50 million users and radio 38 million, the Internet has managed it in just four years. It is interesting that people easily give up television or radio than the internet. With the Internet development, were developed also social networking, free online services that enable users to connect and communicate. Continuous appearance of new social networks and platforms for communication proves that this phenomenon is not just a fashion trend, but also the present and the future of communication. At the very beginning of the development of social networks, it is recognized by many brands. Today a strong digital presence is necessary to maintain a successful company. In this study is described the social network and advertising on them, ie. corporate performance on them. Today's appearance on the Internet generally relates to the social network. This is not surprising considering that social networks as the most popular form of social media, is the fourth most popular activity of Internet users after the search, portals and downloads of PC software.

Introduction
Analytics is not only a buzzword, but a catalyst in up-scaling the business. Analytics is basically a systematic and scientific analysis of the subject area coupled with principles from computer science, mathematics and statistics. Analytics aims at not only analyzing existing data, but can also predict and forecast; thus accelerating the business driven speed. The biggest challenge lies not only in analyzing existing data, but pre-processing or data cleaning; especially in case of big data. Sometimes, the data available at disposal may not be authentic, so catching the correct characteristics of it is quite challenging. This becomes of acute concern when data involved is bargained from social media. The humongous data present on social media is really unstructured in nature; thus corroborating it is one of the biggest challenges itself.

Objective
This comprehensive and timely publication aims to be an essential reference source, building on the available literature in the field of Business Applications in Social Media and its analysis. Moreover, it will provide insights and support from practitioners and academia in order to highlight the most debated aspects in the field.This book will provide insights detailing every aspect of the field of Business Applications Analytics thus adding value to the knowledge enrichment of the subject matter. The editors will seek chapters that address different aspects such as sentiment analyzing with sarcasm detection, issues in data consolidation, and various challenges with dependability and trust analytics, automation of content extraction and an assortment of applications of business applications in social media analytics using machine learning, evolutionary algorithms and other techniques.

Target Audience
The target audience of this book will be composed of professionals and researchers working in the field of Business Analytics, Big Data, Social network data, computer science, analytical engineering and forensic analysis . Moreover, the book will provide insights and support from practitioners and academia in order to highlight the most debated aspects in the field.

Recommended Topics
Social networking data analysis tools and services
Machine learning to gain novel insights on social network analysis
Evolutionary algorithms for learning the behavior analysis for business applications from social networks
Evolutionary algorithms of mining social networks for decision support in business applications
Mining and analyzing business applications social data for decision support & optimization
Optimization of dynamic processes in social networks for business applications
Social Implications of Electronic Government
Trust based Sentimental Analysis in Online Social Network
Forensic Analysis in Online Social Network-Based Web Applications
Online Trust evaluation
Business applications analytics through Social Network of Things


Submission Procedure
Researchers and practitioners are invited to submit on or before February 28, 2017, a chapter proposal of 1,000 to 2,000 words clearly explaining the mission and concerns of his or her proposed chapter. Authors will be notified by March15, 2017 about the status of their proposals and sent chapter guidelines. Full chapters are expected to be submitted by June 30, 2017, and all interested authors must consult the guidelines for manuscript submissions at http://www.igi-global.com/publish/contributor-resources/before-you-write/ prior to submission. All submitted chapters will be reviewed on a double-blind review basis. Contributors may also be requested to serve as reviewers for this project.
Note: There are no submission or acceptance fees for manuscripts submitted to this book publication, Trust in Knowledge Management and Systems in Organizations. All manuscripts are accepted based on a double-blind peer review editorial process.
All proposals should be submitted through the E-Editorial DiscoveryTM online submission manager.

Publisher
This book is scheduled to be published by IGI Global (formerly Idea Group Inc.), publisher of the "Information Science Reference" (formerly Idea Group Reference), "Medical Information Science Reference," "Business Science Reference," and "Engineering Science Reference" imprints. For additional information regarding the publisher, please visit www.igi-global.com. This publication is anticipated to be released in 2018.

Important Dates
Proposal Submission Deadline: .................................................... February 28, 2017 Full chapter Submission: .................................................................. June 30, 2017 Revised Chapter Submission from Chapter Authors: ....................... August 30, 2017 Submission of Final Chapters to Editor: ........................................... September 30, 2017

Inquiries
Himani Bansal
singal.himani@gmail.com
Gulshan Shrivastava
gulshanstv@gmail.com

Propose a chapter for this book

The spatial design of a home has an affinity to intimacy that might have been overlooked by many practicing architects. In this paper, the subject matter of housing will be discussed with a shifted focus from domestic buildings to the space of home and intimacy that scatters in a city. In recent years, some sociologists (Illouz, 2013 & 1997; Turkle, 2013; Jamieson, 2012) have underlined a social translation of a new spatial home by analysing an intimacy in a city that has been enabled by ICT technologies; business models i.e. Airbnb and Couchsurfing also indicated a new form of dwelling by demonstrating how share-economy can assist this spatial home and, in particular, assist the distribution of it so as to assist a city dweller to find and make home without possessing a house. And yet, neither of these examples of home are designed by architects who might actually know the best about the subject matter - this space of home and intimacy. What if the critical spatial design that an architect can produce isn’t the domestic buildings but the visualisation of this space? What is this critical spatial design of the home to cope with the shifting social needs already seen? Through Jeremy Till’s way of looking at buildings and beyond - the lens of Spatial Agency (2011) - the paper will further speculate these examples of home by architectural-writing this spatial design - this architectural-writing, as Jane Rendell describes in chapter of Essay Collections of Critical Architecture (2007), similarly to art-writing, “the very form of the writing itself is taken to be integral to the way in which a critic positions him/herself… The personal and autobiographical enter the debate, not in order to assert an ego criticism, but as part of an on-going political exploration of subjectivity.”

This paper presents an effective content replication scheme for peer-to-peer online social networks (P2P-OSN). The topology of P2P-OSN is defined by the social network of the participants. P2P-OSN allow people to share content and run applications with their 1-hop friends in decentralized fashion, while denying access to their potentially private data to other users. Content replication in these networks is difficult because users can place replicas only at their 1-hop friends, and this could substantially skew the storage availability in the network. Our main contribution is a distributed replication method that prevents the skewness of available replication storage across the network and improves replication fairness/success without relying on global knowledge of the social network. We developed a new centrality metric, EasyRank, which is calculated at each peer and finds the underlying connectivity structure responsible for introducing the skewness of storage availability. Our distributed replica placement algorithm places the replicas after ranking the potential storage peers using their EasyRank scores and currently available storage. We evaluated our solution with social graphs from Facebook and Google+ having more than 4,900 vertices and 720K edges. The evaluation is done for both stable and emerging social networks. The results show that EasyRank-based replication achieves the fairest storage allocation and maintains the most balanced storage availability among the tested methods. Thus, it provides the highest replication success rate.

One of the common methods used in recommender systems is collaborative filtering methods. In these methods, same-interest users' preferences are often recommended to each other based on examining their past interests. On the other hand, one of the recommendation methods in social networks is to measure the proximity of the two nodes in the graph. Although many researchers have dealt with friendship link prediction in different online social networks, very little notice has been spent on activity prediction based on different users' interactions. The main objective of this paper is the use of colla-borative filtering methods for activity prediction and recommendation both for pairs of users without any interaction background and also for user pairs with the activity background. In this regard, a new concept is initially presented named as " collaborative path ". Then based on the collaborative path, four directed proximity measures are proposed. In addition, three new algorithms, including two algorithms based on collaborative random walks, one for mixed network and one for multilayer network and the Collaborative-Association-Rule algorithm are presented. Finally, in order to evaluate our proposed methods, we perform some experiments on the dataset of different Facebook activity networks including like, comment, post, and share networks. The results show that the proposed collaborative methods deal with the activity prediction well without suffering from the cold start problem, and outperform the existing state of the art methods.

Online social networks have revolutionized the way we communicate, and many companies are already taking full advantage of these tools to improve productivity. The objectives of our study are to measure the presence of large Spanish companies in these online social networks and the importance companies give to the use of such systems and to determine the link between the attitudes of companies toward technology and the adoption of online social networking in their businesses. To do this, we surveyed 99 Spanish companies whose turnover was among the highest in their respective economic sectors, and we carried out a descriptive analysis of the association of variables using the χ2 independence test. The results show that the presence of large Spanish companies in online social networks is scant; however, the results emphasize the importance that such enterprises give to information technology, information systems and a future presence on online social networks.

The use of new communications technologies and social media, in Greece, during the time of crisis, has led to the development of numerous online informal Civil Society Networks (CSNs) (i.e. networking-building platforms, self-organized groups in Facebook, forums, exchange platforms) proposing a rethinking of the status quo of formal civil organizations. This research, utilizing the methodology of discourse analysis, aims at summarizing the rise of these networks in Greece that incorporates both solidarity initiatives and autonomous political/economic spaces and identify the indicative predictive factors of their survival and growth. Some basic conclusions that have been drawn through this research is that alternative online networks can be proven as indicative sign of the social dynamism of a given period but in order to be resilient and sustainable they should develop focal points of physical reference, pursue national representation, focus mainly on mono-thematic goods/services and cultivate, in several cases, links with relevant social movements and local or national NGOs. A general induction through this research is that a CSN, during this current crisis, stands between two classical models of reference in a society seeking modernity and flexibility and can be considered as a proposed type of effective experimentation and mobilization that can pursue common social goals and serve needs of deprived people. Some issues that still remain underexplored and need further elaboration are social and political identity of participants, the potential links with local, national and international communities, the functional balance be

A evolução constante da Web2.0 traduzida na importância crescente das aplicações de media sociais na estratégia de comunicação das empresas, está a produzir mudanças radicais na forma de promover os destinos turísticos bem como na forma da obtenção de informação por parte dos turistas para as suas experiências turísticas.
Compreender os padrões de comunicação e interação dos turistas nos media sociais é um ponto-chave para melhorar a comunicação e o desenho de estratégias de marketing para e pelos destinos turísticos através das suas Organizações de Gestão de Destinos (OGD).
Os media sociais, como o Facebook, o YouTube ou o Flickr, conjugados com Conteúdos Gerados pelos Utilizadores (CGU), desempenham atualmente um papel preponderante junto das comunidades on-line de turistas e reestruturaram a forma como a informação turística é distribuída, alcança e influência os turistas nas suas experiências.
Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar e avaliar aspetos de utilização dos media sociais pelas OGD Portuguesas, baseou-se em dados recolhidos através de um questionário on-line e permitiu concluir que, a maioria das OGD avaliadas utilizam media sociais nas suas estratégias de comunicação.

Photo sharing is a captivating feature which popularizes Online Gregarious Networks (OSNs). Lamentably, it may leak users' privacy if they are sanctioned to post, comment, and tag a photo liberatingly. In this paper, we endeavor to address this issue and study the scenario when a utilizer shares a photo containing individuals other than him/her (termed co-photo for short). To obviate possible privacy leakage of a photo, we design a mechanism to enable each individual in a photo be cognizant of the posting activity and participate in the decision making on the photo posting. For this purport, we require an efficient facial apperception (FR) system that can apperceive everyone in the photo. However, more authoritatively mandating privacy setting may limit the number of the photos publicly available to train the FR system. To deal with this dilemma, our mechanism endeavors to utilize users' private photos to design a personalized FR system concretely trained to differentiate possible photo co-owners without leaking their privacy. We additionally develop a distributed consensus predicated method to reduce the computational intricacy and for fend the private training set. We show that our system is superior to other possible approaches in terms of apperception ratio and efficiency. Our mechanism is implemented as a proof of concept Android application on Facebook's platform.

Since its inception, Twitter has been of interest to educators. Foreign language educators are particularly interested in Twitter, since it provides the opportunity to practice the target language for communication outside of a classroom setting. For this study, Twitter was implemented in six sections of an undergraduate Italian language course to examine whether the presence of an instructor model affects student production. Participants are 92 students who posted daily microblogging messages during 12 weeks. The findings of the study reveal that the instructor model influences student production throughout the semester, especially of recently learned verbal forms and previously learned vocabulary. Students had mixed reactions to the activity but, in general, they showed a positive attitude towards it. The study concludes identifying limitations and providing recommendations for practice.

Esposito shows that the immunitary paradigm, by exempting individuals from obligations with the common, functions as necessary counterpart of the community. This paradigm is based, in modern times, on principles dear to liberalism, such as property and freedom. In our epoch, however, neoliberalism, the way it is characterized by Foucault, brings with it a series of changes in terms of subjectivity and sociability which, by radicalizing liberal principles, have an autoimmune effect, amounting to an undermining of the community. These changes, of a biopolitical nature, are illustrated by an analysis of Internet social networks, which highlights in this communicational phenomenon the valorization of individualism and the fluid patterns of sociability. / Esposito mostra que o paradigma imunitário, ao isentar os indivíduos de obrigações com o comum, funciona como contrapartida necessária da comunidade. Esse paradigma apoia-se, na modernidade, em princípios caros ao liberalismo, como a propriedade e a liberdade. Em nossa época, contudo, o neoliberalismo, tal como caracterizado por Foucault, traz consigo uma série de mudanças em termos de subjetividade e de sociabilidade que, ao radicalizarem os princípios liberais, têm um efeito autoimunitário, equivalendo ao esvaziamento da comunidade. Essas mudanças, de natureza biopolítica, são ilustradas por uma análise das redes sociais na Internet, que destaca nesse fenômeno comunicacional a valorização do individualismo e os padrões fluidos de sociabilidade. Esposito shows that the immunitary paradigm, by exempting individuals from obligations with the common, functions as necessary counterpart of the community. This paradigm is based, in modern times, on principles dear to liberalism, such as property and freedom. In our epoch, however, neoliberalism, the way it is characterized by Foucault, brings with it a series of changes in terms of subjectivity and sociability which, by radicalizing liberal principles, have an autoimmune effect, amounting to an undermining of the community. These changes, of a biopolitical nature, are illustrated by an analysis of Internet social networks, which highlights in this communicational phenomenon the valorization of individualism and the fluid patterns of sociability.

ABSTRACT
Literature reported a demand for improving the healthcare (HC) service quality, which arose in response to the high rates in patient dissatisfaction due to the highly reported rates of physicians’ diagnostic errors. Current research focused on social networks that facilitate HC professionals in sharing knowledge to support their style of decision making (DM). Furthermore, in addition to effective knowledge, leadership skills are also required by physicians for effective decision making (DM). While past research argued on the importance of leadership for DM while predicting this relationship on the supportive role of knowledge management and emotional intelligence, this study extends previous research to further propose a supportive role of social capital of resources, using social networks, to better understanding the role of emotional intelligence to achieve improved HC service quality.

KEYWORDS Leadership, decision making, Social Capital, Networks, Healthcare emotional intelligence