Global Volcanism Program

Kilauea

United States
Hawaiian Islands
Shield
2013 CE

Country
Subregion Name
Volcano Type
Last Known Eruption

19.421°N
155.287°W
1222 m
4008 ft
332010

Latitude
Longitude
Summit
Elevation
Volcano
Number

6 November-12 November 2013

During 6-12 November HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the N and S portions of the crater floor. On 5 November a cone erupted a low fountain of lava which waned quickly; it was the first lava erupted in Pu'u 'O'o in several months.

The 6.4-km-long Kahauale’a 2 lava flow, fed by the NE spatter cone, was active with scattered break-out flows and burned the forest N of Pu'u 'O'o. On 7 November geologists confirmed that, after being active for more than two years and producing some memorable ocean entries, the Peace Day flow, to the SE of Pu'u 'O'o, was no longer active.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

Available Weekly Reports

6 November-12 November 2013

During 6-12 November HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the N and S portions of the crater floor. On 5 November a cone erupted a low fountain of lava which waned quickly; it was the first lava erupted in Pu'u 'O'o in several months.

The 6.4-km-long Kahauale’a 2 lava flow, fed by the NE spatter cone, was active with scattered break-out flows and burned the forest N of Pu'u 'O'o. On 7 November geologists confirmed that, after being active for more than two years and producing some memorable ocean entries, the Peace Day flow, to the SE of Pu'u 'O'o, was no longer active.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 October-5 November 2013

During 30 October-5 November, HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The depth to the lake surface ranged between 44 and 53 m, and levels frequently corresponded to fluctuations in tilt measured at the summit. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the N and S portions of the crater floor. The 5.8-km-long Kahauale’a 2 lava flow, fed by the NE spatter cone, was active with scattered break-out flows and burned the forest N of Pu'u 'O'o. The Peace Day flow, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, showed little activity and may have ceased; only one breakout flow was mapped during fieldwork on 21 October, and thermal anomalies since that date have been minor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 October-29 October 2013

During 23-29 October HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the N and S portions of the crater floor. The 5.8-km-long Kahauale’a 2 lava flow, fed by the NE spatter cone, was active with scattered break-out flows and burned the forest N of Pu'u 'O'o. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of a possible minor breakout above the pali.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 October-22 October 2013

During 16-22 October HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the N and S portions of the crater floor. The 5.8-km-long Kahauale’a 2 lava flow, fed by the NE spatter cone, was active with scattered break-out flows and burned the forest N of Pu'u 'O'o. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of a few breakouts; on 21 October geologists mapped a small breakout lava flow, with two lobes, about 3 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 September-24 September 2013

During 18-24 September HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the N and S portions of the crater floor. The 3.6-km-long Kahauale’a 2 lava flow, fed by the NE spatter cone, was active with scattered break-out flows and burned the forest N of Pu'u 'O'o. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of a few breakouts; during an overflight on 19 September geologists observed two small breakouts 2.7 km and 6 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o above the pali.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 September-17 September 2013

During 11-17 September HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the N and S portions of the crater floor. The 3.2-km-long Kahauale’a 2 lava flow, fed by the NE spatter cone, was active with scattered break-out flows and burned the forest N of Pu'u 'O'o. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakouts high on the pali.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 September-10 September 2013

During 4-10 September HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater; the lake level was 47-56 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the N and S portions of the crater floor. Short lava flows issued from one or more of the NE spatter cones four times during 8-9 September.

The 3.2-km-long Kahauale’a 2 lava flow, fed by the NE spatter cone, was active with scattered break-out flows and burned the forest N of Pu'u 'O'o. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakouts on the pali and coastal plain.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 August-3 September 2013

During 28 August-2 September HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater; the lake level was 45-52 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor during 30-31 August and 2-3 September. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the N and S portions of the crater floor. The Kahauale’a 2 lava flow, fed by the NE spatter cone, was active with scattered break-out flows and burned the forest N of Pu'u 'O'o. A small and brief lava flow issued from the NE spatter cone on 30 August. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakouts on the pali and coastal plain. A brief plume near the ocean entry on 2 September possibly signified a small bench collapse.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 August-27 August 2013

During 21-27 August HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater; the lake level was 35-39 m below the crater floor on most days. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the N and S portions of the crater floor. The Kahauale’a 2 lava flow, fed by the NE spatter cone, was active with scattered break-out flows and burned the forest N of Pu'u 'O'o. During 22 and 26-27 August two lava flows from the NE spatter cone were visible, and HVO noted that lava from the NW spatter cone had built a second, taller cone immediately to the E. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakouts on the pali and coastal plain, and an ocean entry outside of the National Park boundary to the E which was last visible on 23 August.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 August-20 August 2013

During 14-20 August HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater; the lake level was as high as 36 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor on 16 and 18 August. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the N and S portions of the crater floor. The Kahauale’a 2 lava flow, fed by the NE spatter cone, was active with scattered break-out flows and burned the forest N of Pu'u 'O'o. On 18 August on 1330 the E flank of the N spatter cone apparently burst, causing lava flows to sporadically rush from the cone and cover a large part of the crater floor by the next morning. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakouts on the pali and coastal plain, and an ocean entry outside of the National Park boundary to the E.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 August-13 August 2013

During 7-13 August HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lake level rose during the week; the level was 49 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor on 7 August and 37-39 m below the floor during 10-12 August. The level rose to 48 m below the floor during 12-13 August.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the N and S portions of the crater floor. The Kahauale’a 2 lava flow, fed by the NE spatter cone, was active with scattered break-out flows and burned forest N of Pu'u 'O'o. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakout activity on the pali and coastal plain, and an ocean entry outside of the National Park boundary to the E.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

31 July-6 August 2013

During 31 July-6 August HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lake level was 51 m below the Halema'uma'u Crater floor on 5 August.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from three spatter cones and a small lava pond on the E part of the crater floor. The Kahauale’a 2 lava flow branches, fed by the NE spatter cone, were active as far NE as 3.2 km and as far NW as 2 km, and burned forest occasionally in two locations at the N edge of the 1983-1986 'a'a flows from Pu'u 'O'o. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakout activity on the pali and coastal plain, and an ocean entry outside of the National Park boundary to the E.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 July-30 July 2013

During 24-30 July HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lake level receded during 25-26 July and was 75 km below the Halema'uma'u Crater floor on 26 July. The inner ledge, a long-time fixture within the vent, started collapsing at 2030 on 25 July; several pieces of the pit wall fell into the lake on both days. The lake level started to rise again and was 65 and 67 m below the crater floor on 28 and 29 July, respectively.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from three spatter cones and a small lava pond on the E part of the crater floor. The Kahauale’a 2 lava flow branches, fed by the NE spatter cone, were active as far NE as 3.2 km and as far NW as 2 km, and burned forest in two locations at the N edge of the 1983-1986 'a'a flows from Pu'u 'O'o. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakout activity on the pali and coastal plain, and an ocean entry outside of the National Park boundary to the E.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 July-23 July 2013

During 17-23 July HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. On 19 July several pieces of the pit wall fell into the lake.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from three spatter cones and a small lava pond on the E part of the crater floor. The Kahauale’a 2 lava flow branches, fed by the NE spatter cone, were active as far N as 2.6 km and as far NNW as 1.9 km, and burned forest in both areas. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakout activity on the pali and coastal plain, and an ocean entry at a location E and outside of the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 July-16 July 2013

During 10-16 July HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from three spatter cones and a small lava pond on the E part of the crater floor. The Kahauale’a 2 lava flow branches, fed by the NE spatter cone, were active as far N as 2.6 km and as far NNW as 1.9 km, and burned forest in both areas. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakout activity on the pali and coastal plain, and ocean entries at locations inside and outside the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 July-9 July 2013

During 3-9 July HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from three spatter cones and a small lava pond on the E part of the crater floor. Branches of the Kahauale’a 2 lava flow, fed by the NE spatter cone, were active as far N as 2.6 km and as far NNW as 1.9 km, and burned forest in both areas. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakout activity on the pali and coastal plain, and ocean entries at locations inside and outside the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 June-2 July 2013

During 26 June-2 July HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater but remained about 40-45 m below the crater floor. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from three spatter cones and a small lava pond on the E part of the crater floor. The Kahauale’a 2 lava flows (formerly known as the Kahauale’a II lava flow), fed by the NE spatter cone, were active as far N as 2.6 km and as far NNW as 1.9 km, and burned forest in both areas. At about 2230 on 18 June breakouts from the Kahauale’a 2 lava tube, near the NE spatter cone and high on the NE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone, produced lava flows that traveled N down the flank. On 27 June the Kahauale’a 2 flow field was mapped and found to be 40 percent larger than when it was last mapped on 11 June.

Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakout activity on the pali and coastal plain, and ocean entries at locations inside and outside the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 June-25 June 2013

During 19-25 June HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater but remained about 40-45 m below the crater floor. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from three spatter cones and a small lava pond on the E part of the crater floor. The Kahauale’a II lava flows, fed by the NE spatter cone, were active as far N as 2.5 km and as far NNW as 1.9 km, and burned forest in both areas. At about 2230 on 18 June breakouts from the Kahauale’a II lava tube, near the NE spatter cone and high on the NE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone, produced lava that traveled N down the flank. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakout activity on the pali and coastal plain, and ocean entries at locations inside and outside the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 June-18 June 2013

During 12-18 June HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lake level was about 45 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor during 14-15 and 17-18 June.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from three spatter cones and a small lava pond on the E part of the crater floor. The Kahauale’a II lava flows, fed by the NE spatter cone, were active as far N as 2.5 km and as far NNW as 1.9 km, and burned forest in both areas. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakout activity on the pali and coastal plain, and ocean entries at locations inside and outside the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 June-11 June 2013

During 5-11 June HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lake level was 45-46 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor during 5-6 June.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from three spatter cones and a small lava pond on the E part of the crater floor; the NE spatter cone produced a small lava flow on 5 June. The Kahauale’a II lava flows, fed by the NE spatter cone, were active as far N as 2 km and as far NNW as 1.6 km, and burned forest in both areas. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakout activity on the pali and coastal plain, and ocean entries at locations inside and outside the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 May-4 June 2013

During 29 May-4 June HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from three spatter cones and a small lava pond on the E part of the crater floor. The Kahauale’a II lava flows traveled N from the base of Pu'u 'O'o cone. The most distal front of the flow was 1.8 km from its source at a spatter cone on the NE edge of Pu'u 'O'o's crater floor. At 0740 on 26 May lava began to spill from the N side of the NE spatter cone, feeding a new breakout on the N flank of Pu'u 'O'o. .

Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakout activity on the pali and coastal plain, but mainly flows entering the ocean at locations inside and outside the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 May-28 May 2013

During 22-28 May HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from three spatter cones and a small lava pond on the E part of the crater floor. The Kahauale’a II lava flows traveled N from the base of Pu'u 'O'o cone. The most distal front of the flow was 1.8 km from its source at a spatter cone on the NE edge of Pu'u 'O'o's crater floor. At 0740 on 26 May lava began to spill from the N side of the NE spatter cone, feeding a new breakout on the N flank of Pu'u 'O'o.

Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of some breakout activity on the pali and coastal plain, but mainly flows entering the ocean at locations inside and outside the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 May-21 May 2013

During 15-21 May HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from three spatter cones and a small lava pond on the E part of the crater floor. Lava from base of Pu'u 'O'o cone traveled N and was named the Kahauale’a II flow. Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of lava flows active on the coastal plain that were entering the ocean at a location outside the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 May-14 May 2013

During 8-14 May HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from three spatter cones and a small lava pond on the E part of the crater floor. Lava from the E lava pond traveled down the N, NE, E, and S flanks, extending beyond the base of Pu'u 'O'o cone. During 10-11 May the SW spatter cone erupted lava, and during 11-12 May the SE spatter cone also produced flows.

Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of lava flows active on the pali and on the coastal plain. Lava also entered the ocean in at least two locations spanning the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 May-7 May 2013

During 1-7 May HVO reported that the circulating lava lake occasionally rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from three spatter cones and a small lava pond on the E part of the crater floor. Small lava flows issued from the N spatter cone on 1 May and from the SW cone on 2 May. The lava pond overflowed during 3-4 and 6-7 May.

Peace Day activity, fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o, consisted of lava flows active above the pali SE of Pu'u 'O'o, on the pali, and on the coastal plain. Lava also entered the ocean in at least two locations spanning the National Park boundary. On 3 May a breakout on the top of the pali produced a lava flow that traveled down to the coastal plain in about 1 hour. Branches from the flow advanced during 4-6 May.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 April-30 April 2013

During 24-30 April HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 April-23 April 2013

During 17-23 April HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from three spatter cones and a small lava pond on the crater floor. Just before midnight on 19 April a vigorous lava flow gushed out of the N spatter cone and quickly covered the N portion of the crater floor, then went over the E rim. The lava pond on the NE crater's edge briefly overflowed. On 21 April the two spatter cones on the S portion of the crater floor produced lava flows.

Two lava flows (Peace Day and Kahauale'a) were fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o. Multiple lava flows from the NE spatter cone, collectively called the Kahauale'a flow, stopped advancing on 20 April, although a few breakout lava flows were observed during 20-22 April. Peace Day activity consisted of lava flows active above the pali (5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o), on the pali, and on the coastal plain. Lava also entered the ocean at two or three locations spanning the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 April-16 April 2013

During 10-16 April HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from four spatter cones on the crater floor. Two lava flows (Peace Day and Kahauale'a) were fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o. Multiple lava flows from the NE spatter cone, collectively called the Kahauale'a flow, traveled across the NE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone to the cone's base and advanced more than 4.9 km NE over older flows. Peace Day activity consisted of lava flows active above the pali (5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o), on the pali, and on the coastal plain. Lava also entered the ocean at two main locations spanning the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 April-9 April 2013

During 3-9 April HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from four spatter cones on the crater floor. Two lava flows (Peace Day and Kahauale'a) were fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o. Multiple lava flows from the NE spatter cone, collectively called the Kahauale'a flow, traveled across the NE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone to the cone's base and advanced more than 4.9 km NE over older flows. Peace Day activity consisted of lava flows active above the pali (5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o), on the pali, and on the coastal plain. Lava also entered the ocean at two main locations spanning the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 March-2 April 2013

During 27 March-2 April HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from four spatter cones on the crater floor. Two lava flows (Peace Day and Kahauale'a) were fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o. Multiple lava flows from the NE spatter cone, collectively called the Kahauale'a flow, traveled across the NE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone to the cone's base and advanced more than 4.4 km NE over older flows. A branch also traveled S, just S of Pu'u Kahauale'a. Peace Day activity consisted of lava flows active above the pali (5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o), on the pali, and on the coastal plain. Lava also entered the ocean at two main locations spanning the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 March-26 March 2013

During 20-26 March HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from four spatter cones on the crater floor. Lava flowed from the cone on the NE edge of the crater on 23 March, the first lava activity in the crater in a month. Two lava flows (Peace Day and Kahauale'a) were fed by lava tubes extending from Pu'u 'O'o. Multiple lava flows from the NE spatter cone, collectively called the Kahauale'a flow, traveled across the NE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone to the cone's base and advanced more than 4.4 km NE over older flows. A branch also traveled S, just S of Pu'u Kahauale'a. Peace Day activity consisted of lava flows active above the pali (5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o), on the pali, and on the coastal plain. Lava also entered the ocean at two main locations spanning the National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 March-19 March 2013

During 13-19 March HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lake level was 31 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor on 14 March.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from four spatter cones on the crater floor. Multiple lava flows from the NE spatter cone, collectively and informally called the Kahauale'a flow, traveled across the NE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone to the cone's base and advanced more than 4 km NE over older flows. A branch also traveled S, just S of Pu'u Kahauale'a. Lava flows were active above the pali (5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o), on the pali, and on the coastal plain. Web cameras recorded steam plumes from lava sporadically entering the ocean at multiple locations. A second lava-flow branch was active near the coast and a third branch was active near the base of the pali.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 March-12 March 2013

During 6-12 March HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from four spatter cones on the crater floor. Multiple lava flows from the NE spatter cone, collectively and informally called the Kahauale'a flow, traveled across the NE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone to the cone's base and advanced more than 3.5 km NE over older flows. A branch also traveled S, just S of Pu'u Kahauale'a, but possibly stalled at the end of the week. Lava flows were active above the pali (5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o), on the pali, and on the coastal plain. Web cameras recorded steam plumes from lava sporadically entering the ocean at multiple locations. A second lava-flow branch was active near the coast and a third branch was active near the base of the pali.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 February-5 March 2013

During 27 February-5 March HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the SE part of the crater floor, from a spatter cone at the NW edge of the floor, and from a perched lava lake on the NE part of the floor. Multiple lava flows from the NE spatter cone, collectively and informally called the Kahauale'a flow, traveled across the NE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone to the cone's base and advanced 2.5 km NE over older flows. A branch also traveled S, just S of Pu'u Kahauale'a, and started fires in the kipuka. Lava flows were active above the pali (5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o) and in a 1-km-wide area on the coastal plain. To the W, a 350-m-wide lava flow advanced towards the coast and produced scattered breakouts. Web cameras recorded steam plumes from lava sporadically entering the ocean at multiple locations.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 February-26 February 2013

During 20-26 February HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lake level was 35 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor on 20 February.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the SE part of the crater floor, from a spatter cone at the NW edge of the floor, and from a perched lava lake on the NE part of the floor. Multiple lava flows from the NE spatter cone, collectively and informally called the Kahauale'a flow, traveled across the NE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone to the cone's base and continued to advance NE and SW over older flows. Lava flows were active above the pali (5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o) and in a 1-km-wide area on the coastal plain. To the W, a 350-m-wide lava flow advanced towards the coast and produced scattered breakouts. Web cameras recorded steam plumes from lava sporadically entering the ocean at multiple locations. A few small bench collapses may have occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 February-19 February 2013

During 13-19 February HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lake level was between 25-30 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor during 13 and 15-17 February.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the SE part of the crater floor, from a spatter cone at the NW edge of the floor, and from a perched crusted lava lake on the NE part of the floor. Lava flowed from the SE and S spatter cones on 13 February and from the SW cone on 17 February. On 19 February lava flowed from the SW and NE spatter cones. New breakouts occurred on the Kahauale'a lava tube high on the NE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone.

Multiple lava flows, collectively called the Kahauale'a flow, from the lava lake (perched 5-6 m higher than the crater rim) traveled across the NE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone to the cone's base and continued to advance N and E over older flows. Lava flows were active above the pali (5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o) and in a 1-km-wide area on the coastal plain. To the W, a 350-m-wide lava flow advanced towards the coast and produced scattered breakouts. Web cameras recorded steam plumes from lava sporadically entering the ocean at multiple locations.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 February-12 February 2013

During 6-12 February HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lake level was 27 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor on 6 February, 25-27 m below the floor on 7 February, and 31 m below the floor on 11 February.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the SE part of the crater floor, from a spatter cone at the NW edge of the floor, and from a perched crusted lava lake on the NE part of the floor. Multiple lava flows from the lava lake (perched 5-6 m higher than the crater rim) traveled across the NE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone to the cone's base and continued to advance over older flows. Lava flows were active on the pali and in a 1-km-wide area on the coastal plain. To the W, a 350-m-wide lava flow advanced more than 1.2 km from the base of the pali and remained active with scattered breakouts. Web cameras recorded steam plumes from lava sporadically entering the ocean at multiple locations.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 January-5 February 2013

During 30 January-5 February HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lake level was 32 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor on 31 January.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the SE part of the crater floor, from a spatter cone at the NW edge of the floor, and from a perched circulating lava lake on the NE part of the floor. Lava flows were active in a 1-km-wide area on the coastal plain. Web cameras recorded steam plumes from lava sporadically entering the ocean at multiple locations. Lava from the lava lake (perched 5-6 m higher than the crater rim) flowed across the NE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone to the cone's base and continued to advance over older flows. On 31 January the N spatter cone gushed with lava; the flow quickly banked against the N crater wall, advanced E to the base of the perched pond at the NE edge, and W towards the W crater wall. On 4 February a minor amount of lava flowed out of the SW spatter cone, and a brief but voluminous lava flow gushed out of the NW spatter cone on 5 February.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 January-29 January 2013

During 23-29 January HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. on 23 January a portion of the W vent wall fell into the lake. The lake level was 35 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor on 23 January and 38 m below the floor on 28 January.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the SE part of the crater floor, from a spatter cone at the NW edge of the floor, and from a perched circulating lava lake on the NE part of the floor. Lava flows were active in a 1-km-wide area on the coastal plain. Web cameras recorded steam plumes from lava sporadically entering the ocean at multiple locations. On most days lava flows from multiple vents were active on the crater floor. On 25 and 26 January pilots confirmed that a lava flow remained active on the E flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 January-22 January 2013

During 16-22 January HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. During 15-16 January rocks fell into and disrupted the lake surface. The lake level was 35 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor on 16 January and 27 m below the floor on 19 January.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the SE part of the crater floor, from a spatter cone at the NW edge of the floor, and from a circulating lava lake on the NE part of the floor. Lava flows were active in a 1-km-wide area that stretched from near the base of the pali to the coast. Web cameras recorded steam plumes from lava sporadically entering the ocean at multiple locations. Lava levels remained mostly high in the crater; several lava flows from multiple vents were active on the crater floor. The lava lake was perched several meters above the crater rim and sporadically issued lava that flowed outside the crater and onto the E flank of the cone.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 January-15 January 2013

During 9-15 January HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lake level was 40-45 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor during 9-10 January, 32 m below the floor on 14 January, and 25 m below the floor on 15 January (which was a little higher than the previous high point in late October 2012).

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the SE part of the crater floor, from a spatter cone at the NW edge of the floor, and from a circulating lava lake on the NE part of the floor. Lava flows were active in a 1-km-wide area that stretched from near the base of the pali to the coast. Web cameras recorded steam plumes from lava sporadically entering the ocean at multiple locations. During 9-13 January the lava lake overflowed and occasionally fed larger flows on the crater floor and two small flows on the E flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone. Lava flowed from the SE spatter cone on 11 January and from the SW spatter cone the next day. Lava levels remained high in the crater during 14-15 January; several lava flows from multiple vents were active on the crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 January-8 January 2013

During 2-8 January HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. A few pieces of the inner ledge of the lake as well as several pieces of veneer on the walls of the conduit occasionally fell into the lake.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the SE part of the crater floor, from a spatter cone at the NW edge of the floor, and from a circulating lava lake on the NE part of the floor. Lava flows were active in a 1-km-wide area that stretched from near the base of the pali to the coast. Web cameras recorded steam plumes from lava sporadically entering the ocean at multiple locations. On 4 January the N and W rims of the lava lake collapsed into the lake.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 December-1 January 2013

During 26 December-1 January HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the SE part of the crater floor, from a spatter cone at the NW edge of the floor, and from a circulating lava lake on the NE part of the floor. The lava lake briefly overflowed on 27 December. During 29-30 December lava flowed from the easternmost spatter cone in the S part of the crater floor. Lava flows were active in a 1-km-wide area that stretched from near the base of the pali to the coast. During 28-30 December web cameras recorded infrequent and weak steam plumes from lava sporadically entering the ocean at multiple locations.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 December-25 December 2012

During 19-25 December HVO reported that on most days the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the SE part of the crater floor, from a spatter cone at the NW edge of the floor, and from a circulating lava lake on the NE part of the floor. During 21-24 December a few brief and short lava flows issued from the spatter cones at the S edge of the crater floor. Lava flows were active in a 1-km-wide area that stretched from near the base of the pali to the coast. There were no webcam recordings of any ocean entry plumes or reports suggesting that lava had been entering the ocean since 17 December.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 December-18 December 2012

During 12-18 December HVO reported that on most days the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, glow emanated from spatter cones on the SE part of the crater floor, from a spatter cone at the NW edge of the floor, and from a lava lake on the NE part of the floor which was mostly covered by a spatter cone. The lava lake overflowed during 12-13 December, and on 13 December lava flowed from the SW spatter cone. On 14 December the N rim of the NE spatter cone/lava lake collapsed and was followed by a brief overflow of the lake. A larger lava flow issued from a spatter cone on the N edge of the crater floor, followed by another smaller flow; both flows traveled W, then split and flowed N and S. Another rim collapse from the NE spatter cone/lava lake and small overflow were observed the next day.

Lava flows remained active in two branches on the coastal plain: a small W branch, and a larger E branch with scattered activity extending from the pali to the coast E of the easternmost boundary of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. An ocean entry was marked by a weak and variable plume near Kupapa'u, with lava entering the water in at least two different areas. A new lava flow at the top of the pali was observed on 11 December. On 15 December observers noted that lava flows were active in a 1-km-wide area that stretched from near the base of the pali to the coast. On 16 December HVO noted that a lava delta at the ocean entry had slowly grown to be 50 m wide.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 December-11 December 2012

During 5-11 December HVO reported that on most days the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, lava circulated within the perched lava lake at the NE part of the crater, and glow emanated both from spatter cones on the SE part of the crater floor and from a spatter cone at the NW edge. The lava lake briefly overflowed on 5 December, and small, short-lived lava flows emanated from the spatter cones during 7-9 December. Through the week a spatter cone formed over the lava lake, covering the surface.

Lava flows remained active in two branches on the coastal plain: a small W branch, and a larger E branch with scattered activity extending from the pali to the coast E of the easternmost boundary of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. An ocean entry was marked by a weak and variable plume near Kupapa'u, with lava entering the water in at least two different areas.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 November-4 December 2012

During 28 November-4 December HVO reported that on most days the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, lava circulated within the perched lava lake at the NE part of the crater, and glow emanated from spatter cones on the SE part of the crater floor and from a spatter cone at the NW edge. Lava overflowed the lava lake on 24 November and 2 December.

Lava flows remained active in two branches on the coastal plain: a small W branch, and a larger E branch with scattered activity extending from the pali to the coast E of the easternmost boundary of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. During 28-30 November steam plumes did not rise from the ocean entry point; on 30 November geologists confirmed that active lava flows were 100 m from the coast. Lava again entered the ocean during 1-2 and 4 December.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 November-27 November 2012

During 21-27 November HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, spatter, and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, lava circulated within the perched lava lake at the NE part of the crater, and glow emanated from vents at the S edge of the crater floor and from a spatter cone at the N edge. A small lava flow issued from the E vent at the S edge of the crater floor on 24 November.

The easternmost of two lava flows on the coastal plain entered the ocean on 24 November in an area 500 m E of the easternmost border of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. Steam plumes rose from the entry point during 25-26 November, suggesting lava continued to enter the ocean. A plume was absent on the morning of 27 November.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 November-20 November 2012

During 14-19 November HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. Lava flows were active on the coastal plain, but were about 290 m from the coast.

Activity at Pu'u 'O'o Crater remained elevated. Lava circulated within the perched lava lake at the NE pit at Pu'u 'O'o Crater, and glow emanated from vents at the S edge of the crater floor and from a spatter cone at the N edge. Small lava flows issued a few times from the westernmost vent at the S edge of the crater floor during 17-18 November.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 November-13 November 2012

During 7-13 November HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. Lava flows were active in the Royal Gardens subdivision and flowed across the coastal plain, but were about 500 m from the coast.

Activity at Pu'u 'O'o Crater remained elevated. Lava circulated within the perched lava lake at the NE pit at Pu'u 'O'o Crater, and glow emanated from vents at the S edge of the crater floor and from a spatter cone at the N edge. Small lava flows issued a few times from the westernmost vent at the S edge of the crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

31 October-6 November 2012

During 31 October-6 November HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. Lava flows were active in the Royal Gardens subdivision and flowed across the coastal plain, but were 1-1.3 km from the coast. The perched lava lake within the NE pit at Pu'u 'O'o Crater remained active, and glow emanated from sources at the S and N edges of the crater floor. Spatter from the N edge was observed. On 1 November geologists observed the perched lava lake and noted that it was a few meters above the Pu'u 'O'o Crater rim. During 2-3 November lava flowed from the spatter cone on the N part of the crater floor, and was accompanied by spattering.

During 4-5 November activity increased within Pu'u 'O'o Crater. A small amount of lava spilled out of the perched lava lake and from the easternmost of the two sources at the S edge of the crater floor; larger, episodic flows from the easternmost source at the S floor edge continued later. Spattering continued from the cone at the N floor edge.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 October-30 October 2012

During 24-30 October HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter, Pele's hair, and rock from the vent wall onto nearby areas. Cracking noises, audible from the Jaggar overlook and caused by rocks of the vent wall fracturing from the heat, emanated sporadically from the vent. Occasional collapses of rock from the vent walls triggered bursts of spatter that deposited a small amount of ejecta on the floor of Halema'uma'u Crater. On 25 October the lake rose to a level 27 m below Halema'uma'u Crater floor.

Lava flows accumulated at the base of the pali in the Royal Gardens subdivision and flowed across the coastal plain, but were 1.3 km from the coast. Flows also remained active on the pali. Activity at Pu'u 'O'o Crater remained elevated: the lava lake in the NE pit overflowed its rim, the vent on the N part of the crater floor produced lava flows, and lava fountaining and lava flows from the S vent were observed. Spattering was recorded from sources at the S and N edges of the crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 October-23 October 2012

During 17-23 October HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. Cracking noises, audible from the Jaggar overlook and caused by rocks of the vent wall fracturing from the heat, emanated sporadically from the vent. On 18 October the lake rose to a level 42 m below Halema'uma'u Crater floor, and the next day the lake rose to 38 m below the floor. During 21-23 October the lake rose to within 33 m of the crater floor. Small collapses of rock into the N portion of the lava lake triggered small spatter explosions on 21 and 23 October.

Lava flows accumulated at the base of the pali in the Royal Gardens subdivision and flowed across the coastal plain, but were 1.4 km from the coast. Flows also remained active on the pali. At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, incandescence was visible from lava flows in the S pit, lava circulating in the NE pit, and from the W edge of the crusted N pit. Three small lava flows erupted from a spatter cone on the S side of the crater floor on 17 October. Two fuming hot vents in the same area were observed the next day. Activity at Pu'u 'O'o Crater was elevated during18-21 October; the lava lake in the NE pit overflowed its rim, the S pit produced three lava flows, and the spatter cone vigorously spattered.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 October-16 October 2012

During 10-16 October HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

Lava flows accumulated at the base of the pali in the Royal Gardens subdivision and flowed across the coastal plain, but were 1.7 km from the coast on 10 October. Flows also remained active high on the pali. At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, incandescence was visible from lava flows in the S pit, lava circulating in the NE pit, and from the W edge of the crusted N pit. On 12 October lava erupted from an incandescence spatter cone at the W edge of the N pit, filling a low depression on the N side of the crater floor and extending almost to the NE pit and lava lake. Small flows erupted from a spatter cone in the S pit during 13-14 and 16 October.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 October-9 October 2012

During 3-9 October HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Periodic measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. On 5 October geologists using a laser range-finder measured the high lava level at 52 m below the floor of Halema'uma'u Crater, which was a new maximum level.

Lava flows reached the base of the pali in the Royal Gardens subdivision and flowed across the coastal plain, but were 1.6 km from the coast. At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, incandescence was visible from lava flows in the S pit, lava circulating in the E pit, and from the W edge of the crusted N pit. An opening in the roof of the lava tube at the base of the SE flank of Pu'u 'O'o also continued to glow until nearly the end of the reporting period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 September-2 October 2012

During 26 September-2 October HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Periodic measurments indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. Lava flows were active above the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision and flowed down the pali. At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, incandescence was often visible from the S pit, from lava circulating in the E pit, and from the W edge of the crusted N pit. An opening in the roof of the lava tube at the base of the SE flank of Pu'u 'O'o also continued to glow.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 September-25 September 2012

During 19-25 September HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. Lava flows were active above the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision and began to flow down the pali. At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, incandescence from the S and E pits on the crater floor, and from the W edge of the crusted N pit, was often visible. An opening in the roof of the lava tube at the base of the SE flank of Pu'u 'O'o also continued to glow.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 September-18 September 2012

During 12-18 September HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair, and possible crater wall veneer, onto nearby areas. Lava flows were active above the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision. At Pu'u 'O'o Crater, incandescence from the S and E pits on the crater floor, and from the W edge of the crusted N pit, was often visible. An opening in the roof of the lava tube at the base of the SE flank of Pu'u 'O'o also continued to glow. On 14 September HVO geologists estimated that the lava lake in the E pit was about 10 m below the rim.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 September-11 September 2012

During 5-11 September HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas.

On 4 September HVO geologists observed the Pu'u 'O'o Crater floor and noted lava ponds in the E and S pits, with the N pit being fully crusted over. During 5-11 September glow emanated from the E and S pit craters; lava in the N pit was crusted, but was periodically incandescent on the W edge. A collapse in the roof of the lava tube at the base of the SE flank of Pu'u 'O'o also continued to glow. Lava flows were active above and at the top of the pali. On 11 September a geologist confirmed that lava flows above the pali had advanced to the top of the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 August-4 September 2012

During 28 August-4 September HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. On 28 August two major collapses of the inner wall significantly disrupted the lake's circulation.

Lava flows were periodically active on the pali and the coastal plain. At Pu'u 'O'o, a collapse of the crater floor just before 0400 on 30 August enlarged the newer pit crater at the S edge, making it appear slightly larger in the webcam views than the older, active, pit crater on the E edge. A new pit crater formed at the N edge of the floor after 1000, and by 1300 it was filled with lava. The N rim of the E pit crater fell into the lava lake there just before 1700. During 30-31 August incandescence emanated from the lava lake in the E pit crater but was absent from the S pit crater. A few scattered areas of flow activity on the coastal plain more than 2 km from the coast were visible on web cameras. On 1 September glow emanated from the E and S pit craters. Crusted lava filled the N pit crater and sagged, and a couple of small lava flows traveled from the edge onto the sagging crust. The N pit appeared to be a passive lava lake, without a direct source of magma underneath. A collapse in the roof of the lava tube at the base of the SE flank of Pu'u 'O'o continued to glow but was less bright the next day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 August-28 August 2012

During 22-28 August HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. The gas plume from the vent likely continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. There were no significant geologic changes in Pu'u 'O'o Crater; incandescence emanated from a lava lake in a pit on the NE part of the crater floor, from a pit crater on the S part of the crater floor, and from a vent at the base of the SE flank. The vent on the S part of the crater floor produced a small lava flow on 26 August. Lava flows were active on the pali and the coastal plain, and were as close as 2 km from the ocean on 28 August.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 August-21 August 2012

During 15-21 August HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. There were no significant geologic changes in Pu'u 'O'o Crater; the glowing vent at the base of the SE flank continued to glow brightly, and incandescence emanated from a lava lake in a pit on the NE part of the crater floor. A small, new pit crater opened on the S crater floor on 17 August. Lava flows were active on the pali and the coastal plain. The active lava-flow front was about 2 km from the ocean on 18 August.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 August-14 August 2012

During 8-14 August HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. There were no significant geologic changes in Pu'u 'O'o Crater; a few days before 11 August a new glowing vent SE of the crater appeared, probably from a newly-opened skylight in the lava-tube system feeding flows on the pali and coastal plain. Lava flows were active on the pali and the coastal plain. The active lava-flow front was about 2 km from the ocean on 14 August.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 August-7 August 2012

During 1-7 August HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. Glow from the lava pond in a small pit on the E edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and two vents along the S edge of the floor was visible with the web cameras. Lava flows were active on the pali and the coastal plain.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 July-31 July 2012

During 25-31 July HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lava pond in a small pit on the E edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and two vents along the S edge of the floor were visible with the web cameras. Lava flows were active on the pali and the coastal plain; the active lava-flow front was about 1.8 km from the ocean on 31 July.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 July-24 July 2012

During 18-24 July HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lava pond in a small pit on the E edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and two vents along the S edge of the floor were visible with the web cameras. Lava flows were active on the pali and the coastal plain; the active lava-flow front was about 1.9 km from the ocean on 24 July.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 July-17 July 2012

During 11-17 July HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lava pond in a small pit on the E edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor was 7-8 m below the rim on 12 July. The pond and two vents along the S edge of the floor were visible with the web cameras. A vent on the W part of the crater was also briefly incandescent. Lava flows were active on the pali and the coastal plain; the active lava-flow front was about 1.3 km from the ocean.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 July-10 July 2012

During 4-10 July HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of spatter and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lava pond in a small pit on the E edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and two vents along the S edge of the floor were visible with the web cameras. On most days lava flows were active on the pali, at the base of the pali and onto the coastal plain, and farther out on the coastal plain near the Royal Gardens/Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park boundary.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 June-3 July 2012

During 27 June-3 July HVO reported that the lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lava pond in a small pit on the E edge of Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and two vents along the S edge of the floor were visible with the web cameras. Lava flows were active on the pali and coastal plain.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 June-26 June 2012

During 20-26 June HVO reported that the lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lava pond in a small pit on the E edge of Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and two vents along the S edge of the floor were visible with the web cameras. Lava flows were active on the coastal plain and traveled as far as 1 km from the ocean. Lava flows were also active on the pali.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 June-19 June 2012

During 13-19 June HVO reported that the lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Periodic measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lava pond in a small pit on the E edge of Pu'u 'O'o crater floor was visible with the web cameras, and on 15 June was 7-8 m below the rim. Incandescence emanated from two vents along the S edge of the crater floor, and a lava flow issued from a south-central vent on 14 June. Lava flows were active on the coastal plain and traveled as far as 1.1 km from the ocean. Lava flows were also sometimes active on the pali.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 June-12 June 2012

During 6-12 June HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, rising as high as the inner ledge about 60 m below the crater floor. Periodic measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The lava pond in a small pit on the E edge of Pu'u 'O'o crater floor was visible with the web cameras. Lava flows periodically issued from vents on the S and south-central parts of Pu'u 'O'o's crater floor. Lava flows were active on the coastal plain and traveled as far as 1.6 km from the ocean. Lava flows were also sometimes active on the pali.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 May-5 June 2012

During 30 May-5 June HVO reported that the circulating and spattering lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, rising as high as the inner ledge about 60 m below the crater floor. Periodic measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and Pele's hair onto nearby areas. The level of the lava pond in a small pit on the E edge of Pu'u 'O'o crater floor rose back into view. Field geologists observed many lava flows coming down the pali and extending onto the coastal plain. A small new collapse pit in Pu'u 'O'o about 50 m west of the southern spatter cone was observed on 1 June; weak incandescence from this pit was visible in the thermal camera. On 5 June geologists observed a second small collapse pit near the south-central edge that had been covered by a small shield of lava while the lava pond in the E collapse pit had risen to within about 5 m of the rim.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 May-29 May 2012

During 23-29 May HVO reported that the circulating and spattering lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Parts of the inner ledge and crater wall surrounding the lake occasionally collapsed into the lake. Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, Pele's hair, and occasionally fresh spatter from the margins of the lava lake, onto nearby areas. The level of the lava pond in a small pit on the E edge of Pu'u 'O'o crater floor dropped out of view. A small lava flow erupted from a vent on the S part of the floor on 23 May. On 28 May HVO noted that lava-flow activity on the coastal plain SE of Pu'u 'O'o appeared to have stopped.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 May-22 May 2012

During 16-22 May HVO reported that the circulating and spattering lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, and spilled over the deep inner ledge on multiple occasions. On 15 May laser measurements indicated that the lava-lake surface was about 65 m below the Halema'uma'u Crater floor, among the highest levels measured; the lake rose five more meters during 18-19 May. Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, and occasionally fresh spatter from the margins of the lava lake, onto nearby areas. A lava pond in a small pit on the E edge of Pu'u 'O'o crater floor remained active with spattering. On 19 May a small collapse of the N rim of the pit slightly enlarged the pit and lava pond within. A small lava flow erupted from a vent on the S part of the floor. Lava flows were active on the pali and the coastal plain, and were about 750 m from the sea.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 May-15 May 2012

During 9-15 May HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. On 14 May laser measurements indicated that the lava-lake surface was about 67 m below the Halema'uma'u Crater floor. Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, and occasionally fresh spatter from an active source at the SE edge of the lava lake, onto nearby areas. Incandescence was visible from both a lava pond in a small pit on the E edge and a small spatter cone on the SE edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor, and from two skylights on the uppermost part of the lava-tube system. Geologists observed slowly advancing lava flows on 13 May that were about 1.4 km from the coast. A short lava flow issued from an incandescent vent on the S part of Pu'u 'O'o's crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 May-8 May 2012

During 2-8 May HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Frequent measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, and occasionally fresh spatter from an active source at the SE edge of the lava lake, onto nearby areas. Incandescence was visible from both a lava pond in a small pit on the E edge and a small spatter cone on the SE edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. Geologists observed slowly advancing lava flows on 4 May that were about 1.1 km from the coast, not reaching as far as previous flows on the coastal plain over the past month. On 5 May further collapse of the pit on the E edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor led to much brighter incandescence from that area. Lava flows on the coastal plain stalled while new lava flows high on the pali formed on 5 May, vigorously advancing from the base of the pali to more than halfway across the flow field during 5-8 May.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 April-1 May 2012

During 25 April-1 May HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Frequent measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, and occasionally fresh spatter, nearby. Incandescence was visible from both a lava pond in a small pit on the E edge and a small spatter cone on the SE edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor, and on the upper part of the lava-tube system on the E flank. Lava flows continued to advance down the pali and across the coastal plain, reaching about 900 m from the coast. New lava flows on the pali were observed on 30 April, while web cameras recorded decreasing incandescence on the coastal plain during 30 April-1 May.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 April-24 April 2012

During 18-24 April HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, and occasionally fresh spatter, nearby. Incandescence was visible from both a lava pond in a small pit on the E edge and a small spatter cone on the SE edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor, and on the upper part of the lava-tube system on the E flank. Lava flows continued to advance down the pali and across the coastal plain, reaching about 1.1 km from the coast. During 19-20 April small lava flows issued from a vent on the SE edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 April-17 April 2012

During 11-17 April HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, and occasionally fresh spatter, nearby. Incandescence was visible from both a lava pond in a small pit on the E edge and a small spatter cone on the SE edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor, and on the upper part of the lava-tube system on the E flank. Lava flows continued to advance down the pali and across the coastal plain, reaching about 1.4 km from the coast. On 11 and 13 April small lava flows issued from a vent on the SE edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 April-10 April 2012

During 4-10 April HVO reported that the circulating lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash, and occasionally fresh spatter, nearby. Incandescence was visible from both a lava pond in a small pit on the E edge and a small spatter cone on the SE edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor, and on the upper part of the lava-tube system on the E flank. Lava flows continued to advance down the pali and across the coastal plain, reaching about 1.6 km from the coast. During 6-9 April a small lava flow issued three times from a vent on the SE edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. The first two flows advanced N almost the entire width of the floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 March-3 April 2012

During 28 March-3 April HVO reported that the lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash nearby. Incandescence was visible from both a small pit on the NE edge and a small spatter cone on the SE edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor, and on the upper part of the lava-tube system on the E flank. Lava flows continued to advance down the pali and across the coastal plain, reaching about 1.6 km from the coast. On 2 April a small lava flow issued from a vent on the S edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 March-27 March 2012

During 21-27 March HVO reported that the lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby. Incandescence was visible from both a small pit on the NE edge and a small spatter cone on the SE edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor, and on the upper part of the lava-tube system on the E flank. Lava flows continued to advance down the pali and across the coastal plain.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 March-20 March 2012

During 14-20 March, HVO reported that the lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby. Incandescence was visible from both a small pit on the NE edge and a small spatter cone on the SE edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor, and on the upper part of the lava-tube system on the E flank. Lava flows continued to advance down the pali and across the coastal plain, and were about 2 km from the coast.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 March-13 March 2012

During 7-13 March, HVO reported that the lava lake periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby. Incandescence was visible from both a small pit on the NE edge and a small spatter cone on the SE edge of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor, and on the upper part of the lava-tube system on the E flank. Lava flows continued to advance down the pali and across the coastal plain. On 12 March the leading edge of the flows were 9 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o and about 2 km from the coast.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 February-6 March 2012

During 29 February-6 March, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Web camera views and satellite images indicated that lava flows continued to advance, reaching more than 7.5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o. Active flows were also visible at the top of the pali SE of Pu'u 'O'o. Incandescence was visible on the NE and SE edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and on the upper part of the lava-tube system on the E flank. According to a news article, the last house in the Royal Gardens subdivision was destroyed by a lava flow on 2 March.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Hawaii Tribune Herald

22 February-28 February 2012

During 22-28 February, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Web camera views and satellite images indicated that lava flows remained active within the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision more than 7.5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o. Lava flows also remained active high on the pali and across the December 2011 flows. Incandescence was visible on the NE and SE edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and on the upper part of the lava-tube system on Pu'u 'O'o's E flank during 23 and 26-28 February. On 22 February a small lava flow from the SE source was observed by the web camera. Two minor lava flows issued from the NE source on 26 February, and one lava flow issued from NE source on 27 February.

On 25 February HVO geologists aboard an overflight reported that the small cone on the NE source periodically ejected spatter, and the SE source fumed and produced a lava flow. They also noted that the flow advanced as two lobes; one lobe traveled along the E margin of the December 2011 flows and another advanced along the W margin of the December 2011 flows. During 27-28 February the web camera and satellite images indicated that both the E and W lobes continued moving down the pali.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 February-21 February 2012

During 15-21 February, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Strong incandescence was visible from the collapsed cone on the NE edge and weaker from a cone on the SE edge during 15-18 and 20 February. A web camera recorded strong incandescence above the pali during 15-16 February. Incandescence also emanated from two sources on the E flank on 19 and 21 February.

Web camera views and satellite images indicated that lava flows remained active within the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision more than 6.5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o during 15-21 February. The flows advanced down the pali along the E side of the December 2011 flows during the week and on 21 February advanced to the kipuka on the E. On 17 February a second smaller branch appeared on the W side of the December 2011 flows. Ground-based observers reported active lava flows at the top of the pali during 15-21 February.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 February-14 February 2012

During 8-14 February, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Incandescence was visible on the NE and SE edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor, and strongest from a small cone on the NE edge during 8-13 February. A web camera recorded incandescence above the pali on 8 and during 12-14 February. The SE vent issued short lava flows on 14 February.

In comparison to last week, thermal anomalies increased on the flow field during 8-9 February. HVO geologists aboard an overflight on 9 February reported that the small cone on the NE edge had collapsed and was venting hot gas, and the pit was filled with a stream of lava heading NE. Geologists mapped active flows on the flow field about 6 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o and above the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision. Web camera and satellite images indicated that the flows remained active 6 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o and above the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision during 10-14 February, and from the Kalapana (E side of the coastal plain) on 13 February. Ground based observers reported active lava at the top of the pali on 11 and 13-14 February.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 February-7 February 2012

During 1-7 February, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). On 1 February lava ejections on the S edge rebuilt a low spatter cone. On 3 February two large rockfalls into the lake originated from the Halema'uma'u Crater floor. The first collapse from the N rim induced secondary collapses of the inner ledge and ejected spatter onto nearby portions of the Halema'uma'u Crater floor. The second collapse deposited large amounts of debris into the NE side of the lava lake.

At Pu'u 'O'o short lava flows issued from the SE vent during 1-2 February. Incandescence was visible on the NE and SE edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor during 3-7 February and from a small cone on the NE edge during 5-7 February. The web camera showed incandescence reflected in the clouds above the pali on 2 and 4 February. During 1-7 February, thermal anomalies were seen in satellite imagery 4-5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o cone.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 January-31 January 2012

During 25-31 January, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater. Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby. During 25-27 January lava ejections on the SE edge built a small spatter rampart and produced small lava flows on the inner ledge.

Incandescence was visible on the NE, SE, and W edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor during 25-31 January. On 25 January lava started to fill a Pu'u 'O'o crater floor depression and continued episodically all week. Geologists on a 26 January overflight reported lava flows 4 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o. On 27 January the SE and NE vents started to effuse lava. During 24-31 January, thermal anomalies were seen in satellite imagery 3-4 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o cone.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 January-24 January 2012

During 18-24 January, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby.

Incandescence was visible on the NE, SE, and W edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor during 18-24 January. Incandescence emanated both from small lava flows which had issued from the NE and SE sources on 18 January, and from a long narrow lava flow that traveled W across the crater floor on 20 January. Minor surface flows were observed in satellite imagery on the upper flow field on 18 January, and during 19-23 January, small thermal anomalies were seen in satellite imagery on the upper E rift zone. Scientists on an overflight reported small active pahoehoe lobes about 4 km SE of the Pu'u 'O'o cone on 21 January.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 January-17 January 2012

During 11-17 January, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby.

Incandescence was visible from small spatter cones on the E, S, and W edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor during 11-17 January. Incandescence was also exhibited by short lava flows from the E pit on 13 January, small lava flows issuing from the SE spatter cone, and a small flow from the NE pit on 16 January. During 11-16 January a thermal anomaly about 2-4 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o cone was seen in satellite imagery. On 12 January, geologists on an overflight confirmed surface activity at this location. By 15 January the source of the thermal anomaly had extended to the coast.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 January-10 January 2012

During 4-10 January, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby.

Incandescence was visible along the 21 September 2011 fissure on the SE flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone during 4-5 January and from small spatter cones on the E, S, and W edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor during 4-10 January. A web camera showed no activity on the flow field during 4-10 January; however clouds may have prevented views. On 6 January activity increased within a small pit that formed on the E edge of the crater during the previous week. The pit filled with lava and overflowed generating a small lava flow to the N within the crater. Activity continued within the pit during 7-8 January with short lava flows N and W. On 8 January thermal anomalies seen in satellite imagery were about 2-4 km SW of Pu'u 'O'o cone and observers on an overflight reported surface flows in the same area. On 9 January satellite imagery showed a weaker thermal anomaly.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 December-3 January 2012

During 28 December-3 January, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby.

Incandescence was visible from small spatter cones on the E and S edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and along the 21 September 2011 fissure on the SE flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone. Geologists on an overflight reported that pahoehoe lava flows were significantly broader (700-1,000 m) across the coastal plain and were entering the ocean along a 900 m wide area of the coast on 27 December. Lava flows continued to be active about 6.8 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o and entered the ocean W of Ka'ili'ili on 28 December. During 29 December-2 January a web camera showed no surface activity on the pali, weak sporadic flows near the coast, and weak plumes from the ocean entry. At night during 31 December-2 January incandescence was seen above the pali; on the night of 1 January ground based observers reported lava on the pali. Clouds prevented observations from a web camera on 3 January.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 December-27 December 2011

During 21-27 December, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby. On 22 December the SW vent wall collapsed into the lake, ejected lava onto the inner ledge, and caused an increased amount of ash in the plume.

Incandescence was visible from small spatter cones on the E and S edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. Pahoehoe lava flows, that were 300-400 m wide and fed by lava tubes from the fissure, continued to be active about 6.8 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o and entered the ocean W of Ka'ili'ili. During 25-26 December the tube appeared to be more robust and less surface flow activity was reported. Small plumes were observed from the ocean entry during 22-24 December and infrequent weak plumes were observed during 25-26 December. On 27 December a breakout of lava flows were visible on the pali (a fault scarp).

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 December-20 December 2011

During 14-20 December, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby.

Incandescence was visible along the 21 September fissure on the SE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone, from a skylight on the lava tube, and from small spatter cones on the E and S edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. Pahoehoe flows that were 300-400 m wide, fed by lava tubes from the fissure, continued to be active about 6.8 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o and entered the ocean W of Ka'ili'ili. The lava delta now extends 15-20 m into the ocean at a point 6.4 km W of the Chain of Craters Road. During 17-20 December the lava flow branched, with lobes advancing NE and W into the ocean. Infrequent plumes were observed from the ocean entry during 18-20 December.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 December-13 December 2011

During 7-13 December, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby.

Incandescence was visible along the E and W edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor, along the 21 September fissure on the SE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone, and from a skylight on the lava tube. Lava continues to erupt into the perched pond formed on 6 December. Pahoehoe flows, fed through lava tubes from the fissure, continued to be active about 6.8 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o based on intermittent views from satellite. Analysis of 10-12 December satellite images suggested that lava had reached the coast and was flowing into the ocean. During 11-12 December incandescence was observed from small spatter cones on the E and S edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor; short lava flows issued from the E edge of the crater floor on 12 December.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 November-6 December 2011

During 30 November-6 December, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby. Incandescence was visible from the E and W edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor, and from the 21 September fissure on the SE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone.

On 2 December incandescence was seen from a new area low on the N flank of Pu'u'O'o. Pahoehoe flows, fed through lava tubes from the fissure, continued to be active about 6.8 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o based on intermittent views from satellite, ground observers and an overflight on 3 December. During 4-5 December the vent on the E edge of the crater produced lava flows that partially filled the depression left by the flank fissure eruption in September and a perched lava lake was built on 6 December.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 November-29 November 2011

During 23-29 November, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby. Incandescence was visible from the E and W edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor, and from the 21 September fissure on the SE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone. Pahoehoe flows, fed through lava tubes from the fissure, continued to be active about 5.7 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o based on intermittent views from satellite. Incandescence from a skylight on the lava tube was also observed. Short lava flows issued from the E edge of the crater floor on 23 November and from both the E and W edges of the crater floor on 27 November.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 November-22 November 2011

During 16-22 November, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby. Incandescence was visible from the E and W edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor, and from the 21 September fissure on the SE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone. Pahoehoe flows, fed through lava tubes from the fissure, continued to be active about 5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o based on intermittent views from satellite. Incandescence from a skylight on the lava tube was also observed. During 18-19 November the vent on the E edge of the crater produced lava flows that partially filled the depression left by the flank fissure eruption in September. There were also two brief and small lava-flow effusions from the W edge vent. Intermittent lava flows continued from the E vent during 20-22 November.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 November-15 November 2011

During 9-15 November, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby. Incandescence emanated from the E and W edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and from the 21 September fissure on the SE flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone. Pahoehoe flows, fed through lava tubes from the fissure, continued to be active about 4.7 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o based on an overflight on 12 November and satellite images. Incandescence from a skylight on the lava tube was also observed.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 November-8 November 2011

During 2-8 November, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby. Incandescence emanated from the E and W edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and from the 21 September fissure on the upper E flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone during most of the reporting period. Pahoehoe flows, fed through lava tubes from the fissure, continued to be active about 4.5 km SE of Pu'u 'O'o based on an overflight on 3 November and satellite images acquired during 4-7 November.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 October-1 November 2011

During 26 October-1 November, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby. Incandescence emanated from the E and W edges of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and from the 21 September fissure on the upper E flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone. On 30 October incandescence was seen from a new area high on the W edge of a depression in the crater floor. Lava flows remained active to the SE of Pu'u 'O'o during 26-30 October, but were more sluggish during 31 October-1 November.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 October-25 October 2011

During 19-25 October, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby. At the E rift zone, incandescence emanated from the 21 September fissure on the upper E flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone and lava flows remained active on the flow field to the SE of Pu'u 'O'o. Vents on the E and W edges of crater floor were incandescent.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 October-18 October 2011

During 12-18 October, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u Crater, remaining below the inner ledge (75 m below the crater floor). Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and occasionally fresh spatter nearby. At the E rift zone, the fissure that formed on 21 September on the upper E flank of Pu'u 'O'o continued to periodically feed lava flows to the NE and SE of the fissure that did not significantly advance. Vents on the E and W edges of Pu'u 'O'o Crater floor were incandescent.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 October-11 October 2011

During 5-11 October, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and occasionally fresh spatter nearby.

At the E rift zone, the fissure that formed on 21 September on the upper E flank of Pu'u 'O'o continued to feed slowly-advancing lava flows to the NE and SE of the fissure. During the beginning of the week, overall activity within and SE of Pu'u 'O'o Crater had slowed; only a few lava patches were visible in webcams. During 7-8 October lava began to flow from a vent at the E end of the crater floor and from an area at the W end the next day. Lava flows from the E-end source stalled on 10 October.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 September-4 October 2011

During 28 September-4 October, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and occasionally fresh spatter nearby.

At the E rift zone, the fissure that formed on 21 September on the upper E flank of Pu'u 'O'o continued to feed lava flows on 28 September that traveled along the edges of a low lava ridge. Most of the active lava spread out at higher elevations S and W of Pu'u Halulu (1.3 km NE of Pu'u 'O'o). Lava activity resumed from two sources on the E edge of the Pu'u 'O'o Crater floor and continued to spread W within the crater. During an overflight on 29 September, geologists observed that the fissure fed scattered active lava flows within 1.8 km on the SE flank of the cone. During 2-3 October lava from the E-crater floor source covered the crater floor. On 4 October active lava was confined to a small lake on the E side of the crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 September-27 September 2011

During 21-27 September, HVO reported that the lava lake circulated and periodically rose and fell in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and occasionally fresh spatter nearby.

At the E rift zone, lava in the W lava lake in Pu'u 'O'o Crater fed a series of lava flows that traveled down the W flank of Pu'u 'O'o during 20-21 September. At about 0225 on 21 September activity in the crater and overflows to the W suddenly decreased, as lava broke through the upper E flank of Pu'u 'O'o, bypassing the crater. The new fissure fed a channelized 'a'a lava flow that advanced rapidly downslope 2.5 km SE. A second flow to the W of the first began the next day. In addition, a small pad of lava actively refilled the bottom of the drained E lava lake and small flows were barely active at the W edge of Pu'u 'O'o Crater. The channelized 'a'a lava flow reached 3.7 km long on 23 September and then stalled within the Kahauale'a Natural Area Reserve. Most of the active lava spread S and W of Pu'u Halulu (1.3 km NE of Pu'u 'O'o) during 23-27 September. Minor lava activity resumed within Pu'u 'O'o Crater with short lava flows issuing from the base of the E wall on 25 September and from the W wall base during 25-26 September. The crater floor of Pu'u 'O'o slowly subsided. Lava activity resumed within the E lake on 26 September. The floor of the crater continued to subside during 26-27 September, opening up cracks in the N crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 September-20 September 2011

During 14-20 September, HVO reported that the level of the lava-lake surface in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater periodically fluctuated and circulated. Daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and occasionally fresh spatter nearby.

At the E rift zone, lava in the E lava lake overflowed the E rim of Pu'u 'O'o crater on 13 September and advanced a few hundred meters. Lava erupted within the W lava lake and the next day overflowed the W edge of the crater through two broad gaps in Pu'u 'O'o cone, spreading up to several hundred meters downslope and mantling the W flank of Pu'u 'O'o. The flows had stopped by the evening of 15 September. During 15-16 September the level of the lava lakes had dropped 10-15 m. During 17-18 September the W lake was inactive and the E lake weakly bubbled and slowly circulated. Activity within the W lake increased abruptly on 19 September and, during 19-20 September, lava flowed across the W part of the crater floor. On 20 September lava refilled two perched lava ponds on the W edge of the crater, overflowed the southern-most pond, and produced a channelized lava flow that advanced 800 m down Pu'u 'O'o's W flank.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 September-13 September 2011

During 31 August-6 September, HVO reported that the level of the lava-lake surface in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater periodically fluctuated and circulated. Almost daily measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and occasionally fresh spatter nearby. At Pu'u 'O'o' crater, lava from E, W, and S-central sources on the crater floor fed an eastern and a western perched lava lake during 7-8 September. Lava also covered much of the crater floor, rising to within 5 m of a low point on the E crater rim. During 9-10 September a large amount of lava from a new source of effusion at the NE edge of the crater covered most of the crater floor. On 10 September a pilot confirmed that lava overtopped the E rim and fed a short lava flow. Not long after that the effusion rate decreased and lava fed only the two perched lava lakes. During 11-13 September the lava lakes mostly circulated and, by 12 September, had overflowed onto the crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

31 August-6 September 2011

During 31 August-6 September, HVO reported that the level of the lava-lake surface in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater periodically fluctuated but remained mostly stable below the inner ledge 75 m below the crater floor. Periodic measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and occasionally fresh spatter nearby. At Pu'u 'O'o' crater, lava from sources on the E portion of the crater floor fed a perched lava lake. Lava from a source at the W edge of the crater floor spread N and S along the base of the W crater wall and up to the base of the W, inactive wall of the perched pond. During 2-3 September a new perched pond fed from the W-edge source had formed.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 August-30 August 2011

During 24-30 August, HVO reported that the level of the lava-lake surface in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater periodically fluctuated but remained below the inner ledge 75 m below the crater floor. At Pu'u 'O'o' crater, lava from sources on the E and S portions of the crater floor fed a lava lake that was formed during 25-26 August. A new source opened at the W edge of the crater floor during 29-30 August, and lava quickly spread N and S along the base of the W crater wall.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 August-23 August 2011

During 17-23 August, HVO reported that lava continued to trickle onto the collapsed floor of Kilauea's Pu'u 'O'o' crater and some spattering occurred from various areas on the floor. The only activity on the W flank was observed during 17-20 August; a small lava flow from the base of the N pond rim near the Kamoamoa fissures and a larger flow from the N flow branch were both active. During 20-21 August a small amount of lava emitted from a vent on the S crater floor flowed a short distance. Later, lava started issued in larger quantities from another source on the S part of the floor that quickly filled in a low trench. Lava continued to flow onto the crater floor during the next two days.

During 17-18 August lava flowed onto the floor of the vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater. By the next day a persistent spattering source at the W edge of the cavity pushed the lava surface sluggishly from W to E. During 19-21 August drain-and-fill cycles were observed; the highest level of the lava surface was below the inner ledge 75 m below Halema'uma'u Crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 August-16 August 2011

During 10-16 August HVO reported that Kilauea's summit lava lake was mostly crusted, but lava, possibly from a source higher on the SE wall, occasionally flowed over the surface. Small rockfalls from the vent walls were frequent, and the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and occasionally fresh spatter nearby. During an overflight on 11 August, scientists observed an E-W trench in the deepest part of the cavity. Lava was upwelling from the E end and flowing W. During 14-15 August hot and possibly spattering vents were visible on the W part of the cavity floor.

At the E-rift zone, lava continued to trickle onto Pu'u 'O'o's collapsed crater floor and some spattering occurred from various sources the floor. The W-flank vents remained active and fed an elongated perched lava pond that extended to the SW, and also a small flow which advanced a short distance N. Small overflows or breaches from the elongated lake were occasionally active on the N side. During the 11 August overflight, scientists noted that the activity was less vigorous; the two channels that continued to feed the perched lake were crusted over and the W-flank vents were no longer spattering. The pond rims were higher and the pond was narrower, lava flows from the base of the pond were active on the N and W sides of the pond, and the S rim of the pond appeared to be slowly migrating S. The crater floor subsided a small amount on 15 August.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 August-9 August 2011

HVO reported that on 3 August at 1402 the floor of Kilauea's Pu'u 'O'o crater, which had risen significantly over the past month, began to subside. At 1420 lava erupted from a vent low on the W flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone, about halfway between Pu'u 'O'o Crater and the E end of the Kamoamoa fissure, and formed two branches. The weaker flow traveled N into a forested kipuka. The higher-volume S branch quickly advanced down Kilauea's S flank along the edge of flows erupted during 2002-2004. By 1515, the crater floor and perched lava lake began to collapse; the circulation in the lava lake was maintained as the crater floor dropped. Within a few hours the lava lake was no longer visible and the crater floor, which had dropped 75-85 m, was covered with rubble. Between 1530 and 1615, the preliminary sulfur dioxide emission rate from all east rift zone sources was as high as 7,000 tonnes/day. The rate decreased to 4,000 tonnes/day at about 1700. Also by that time the lava flow had advanced 3.6 km.

During 4-9 August lava continued to flow from multiple W-flank vents topped with spatter cones, ponding in a low area due to a decreasing effusion rate. The Pu'u 'O'o crater rim was extremely unstable; continued collapses along the crater walls sent blocks of rock onto the crater floor. Lava also slowly flowed back onto the collapsed crater floor.

During 3-9 August the level of the summit lava lake fluctuated deep in the 150-m-diameter vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater and circulated with various patterns. Overall, the lake level receded and on 6 August was about 75 m below the crater floor. Periodic measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and occasionally fresh spatter nearby.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 July-2 August 2011

HVO reported that two lava lakes at Kilauea were active during 27 July-2 August. The level of the summit lava lake fluctuated deep in the 150-m-diameter vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater and circulated with various patterns. Periodic measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and occasionally fresh spatter nearby.

Lava from the Puka Nui and MLK pits, smaller craters to the W of the main Pu'u 'O'o crater, continued to overflow to the SW, producing a tube-fed pahoehoe flow that had advanced about 700 m from the Puka Nui rim during 25-30 July. Lava from the base of the NE crater filled a trough between the crater wall and the perched lava lake. Uplift of the crater floor and lava lake continued until 30 July, when a breakout lava flow started along the base of the crater's S wall and the lake slowly subsided. Subsidence continued the next day but switched to inflation on 1 August. The preliminary sulfur dioxide emission rate from all east rift zone sources was calculated at 1,700, 1,000, and 800 tonnes/day on 29 and 30 July, and 1 August, respectively.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 July-26 July 2011

HVO reported that two lava lakes at Kilauea were active during 20-26 July. The level of the summit lava lake fluctuated deep in the 150-m-diameter vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater and circulated with various patterns. Spattering occurred at locations along the edge of the lake. Periodic measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and occasionally fresh spatter nearby. At Pu'u 'O'o, lava from vents near the NE edge of the perched lava lake in the center of the crater floor continued to fill the circulating lake. The perched lake and crater floor continued to be uplifted and cracks on the doming crater floor were observed. Minor lava activity was noted in the Puka Nui and MLK pits, smaller craters to the W of the main Pu'u 'O'o crater. Based on several measurements throughout July, the crater floor was uplifted about 0.5-1 m per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 July-19 July 2011

HVO reported that two lava lakes at Kilauea were active during 13-19 July. The level of the summit lava lake fluctuated deep in the 150-m-diameter vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater and circulated with various patterns. Spattering occurred at locations along the edge of the lake. Periodic measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash and occasionally fresh spatter nearby.

The preliminary sulfur dioxide emission rate from all of the east rift zone sources was 1,500 tonnes/day on 12 July, the highest emission rate since the end of the Kamoamoa eruption in early March. At Pu'u 'O'o, lava from vents near the NE edge and, to a lesser degree, along the W edge of the perched lava lake in the center of the crater floor continued to fill the lake. The lake level fluctuated and flowed through rim breaches, sending lava onto the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. The near-vertical rim of the perched pond continued to be uplifted until through 17 July; the crater floor and perched lake rims formed a nearly-continuous ramp sloping away from the lake. The lava lake surface of the perched lava lake was elevated about 6 m higher than the surrounding crater floor and the rim was a few meters higher than the surface; the crater floor was 19 m below the E crater rim. Since the last measurements on 29 June, the crater floor had been uplifted about 1 m per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 July-12 July 2011

HVO reported that two lava lakes at Kilauea were active during 6-12 July. The level of the summit lava lake fluctuated deep in the vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater and circulated with various patterns. Spattering occurred at locations along the W edge of the lake. Periodic measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash nearby. At Pu'u 'O'o, lava from vents near the NE edge and, to a lesser degree, along the W edge of the perched lava lake in the center of the crater floor continued to fill the lake. The lake level fluctuated and flowed through rim breaches, sending lava onto the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. The near-vertical rim of the perched pond, which was elevated about 5 m higher than the surrounding sub-horizontal crater floor on the E side, continued to be uplifted; the crater floor and perched lake rims formed a nearly-continuous ramp sloping away from the lake.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 June-5 July 2011

HVO reported that two lava lakes at Kilauea were active during 29 June-5 July. The level of the summit lava lake fluctuated deep in the vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater. Periodic measurements indicated that the gas plume from the vent continued to deposit variable amounts of ash nearby. At Pu'u 'O'o, lava from vents near the NE edge of the perched lava lake in the center of the crater floor continued to fill the lake. The lake level fluctuated and overflowed the edges or flowed through rim breaches, sending lava onto the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. On 3 July inflation caused the crater floor and perched lake rim in the southern half of Pu`u `O`o Crater to rise; those areas continued to rise on 4 July until a large breach on the S rim of the lava lake occurred at midnight. Lava spilled onto the crater floor between the perched rim and the crater wall. The N rim rose briefly but rapidly between 5 and 10 minutes after midnight. The preliminary sulfur dioxide emission rate from all east rift zone sources was calculated at 700 tonnes/day on 30 June.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 June-28 June 2011

HVO reported that two lava lakes at Kilauea were active during 22-28 June. The level of the summit lava lake fluctuated deep in the vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater. A gas plume from the vent drifted SW, depositing variable amounts of ash nearby. At Pu'u 'O'o, lava from vents near the NE edge of the perched lava lake in the center of the crater floor continued to fill the lake. The lake level fluctuated and overflowed the edges or flowed through rim breaches, sending lava onto the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. A small shield had built up against the SW crater wall on the W side of the lake. On 23 June the rim of the perched lava lake was elevated 6-8 m higher than the surrounding crater floor; the crater floor was 35 m below the E crater rim. The preliminary sulfur dioxide emission rate from all east rift zone sources was calculated at 700 tonnes/day that same day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 June-21 June 2011

HVO reported that two lava lakes at Kilauea were active during 15-21 June. The level of the summit lava lake fluctuated but remained mostly stable deep in the vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater. A gas plume from the vent drifted SW, depositing variable amounts of ash and fresh spatter nearby. On 17 June a heated brown plume rose from a spattering source on the SE edge of the lake; the ejecta were primarily fresh spatter bits suggesting that the plume derived from a partial collapse of the spattering source or a small rockfall.

At Pu'u 'O'o, lava from vents near the W and NE edges of the perched lava lake in the center of the crater floor continued to fill the lake. The lake level fluctuated and overflowed the edges or flowed through rim breaches, sending lava onto the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. A small shield had built up against the SW crater wall on the W side of the lake. There was also minor lava activity from at least one source at the base of the SW crater wall.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 June-14 June 2011

HVO reported that two lava lakes at Kilauea were active during 8-14 June. The level of the summit lava lake remained mostly stable deep in the vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional increases in the lake level covered a vent on the south side wall; on other days lava from the vent cascaded down into the lake. A gas plume from the vent drifted SW. At Pu'u 'O'o, lava from vents near the W and NE edges of the perched lava lake in the center of the crater floor continued to fill the lake. The lake level fluctuated and infrequently overflowed the edges or flowed through a rim breach, sending lava onto the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. There was also minor lava activity from at least one source at the base of the SW crater wall.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 June-7 June 2011

HVO reported that two lava lakes at Kilauea were active during 1-7 June. The level of the summit lava lake remained mostly stable deep in the vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater. Occasional increases in the lake level covered a vent on the south side wall; on other days lava from the vent cascaded down into the lake. A gas plume from the vent drifted SW. The (preliminary) sulfur dioxide emission rate from all east rift zone sources was 1,100 tonnes/day on 3 June.

Lava from a vent near the W edge of the perched lava lake in the center of Pu'u 'O'o crater floor continued to fill the lake. The lake level fluctuated and occasionally overflowed the edges or flowed through rim breaches, sending lava onto the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. The rim of the perched lava lake was elevated 2-3 m higher than the surrounding crater floor, which was 39 m below the E crater rim on 1 June.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 May-31 May 2011

HVO reported that two lava lakes at Kilauea were active during 25-31 May. The level of the summit lava lake remained mostly stable deep in the vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater. An increase in the lake level covered the vent on the south side wall during 25-28 May. On other days lava from the vent cascaded down into the lake. A gas plume from the vent drifted SW. The (preliminary) sulfur dioxide emission rate from all east rift zone sources was 700 tonnes/day on 26 May; the emission rates were slowly increasing.

Lava from a vent near the W edge of the perched lava lake in the center of Pu'u 'O'o crater floor continued to fill the lake. The lake level fluctuated and occasionally overflowed the edges or flowed through rim breaches, sending lava onto the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. The rim of the perched lava lake was elevated 10 m higher than the surrounding crater floor, which was 52 m below the E crater rim on 11 May. During 27-29 May lava from a vent at the base of the SW wall produced lava flows that slowly began filling the gap between the crater wall and the perched lake wall.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 May-24 May 2011

HVO reported that two lava lakes at Kilauea were active during 18-24 May. The level of the summit lava lake remained mostly stable deep in the vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater. Lava from a vent above the south side cascaded down into the lake. A gas plume from the vent drifted SW and likely deposited very small amounts of ash nearby. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, lava mostly from a vent near the W edge of the perched lava lake in the center of the crater floor continued to fill the lake. The lake level fluctuated and occasionally overflowed the edges or flowed through rim breaches, sending lava onto the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. The rim of the perched lava lake was elevated several meters higher than the surrounding crater floor, which was 52 m below the E crater rim on 11 May. On 20 May a small lobe of lava visible in the web camera appeared on the W edge of the crater floor. The (preliminary) sulfur dioxide emission rate from all east rift zone sources was 800 tonnes/day on 20 May; the emission rates were slowly increasing.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 May-17 May 2011

HVO reported that two lava lakes at Kilauea were active during 11-17 May. The level of the summit lava lake fluctuated but remained mostly stable deep in the vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater. Lava from a vent above the south side cascaded down into the lake. A gas plume from the vent generally drifted SW or W and deposited very small amounts of ash nearby. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, lava mostly from vents near the W edge of the lake continued to fill in a perched lava lake in the center of the crater floor. The lake level fluctuated and occasionally overflowed the edges, sending lava onto the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 May-10 May 2011

HVO reported that two lava lakes at Kilauea were active during 4-10 May. The level of the summit lava lake fluctuated but remained mostly stable deep in the vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater. On 5 May the lava lake level dropped 10-20 m and lava from a vent well above the south side cascaded down into the lake. A gas plume from the vent drifted SW and deposited very small amounts of ash nearby. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, lava from vents near the W edge of the lake and near the base of the E crater wall continued to fill in a perched lava lake in the center of the crater floor. The lake level fluctuated and occasionally overflowed the edges and filled the entire bottom of Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. The crater had infilled about 70 m since the crater floor collapsed in March.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 April-3 May 2011

During 27 April-3 May, HVO reported that the level of Kilauea's summit lava lake fluctuated but remained mostly stable deep in the vent inset within the E wall of Halema'uma'u Crater. A gas plume from the vent drifted SW and deposited very small amounts of ash nearby. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, lava from one or two vent sources continued to fill in a new lava lake in the center of the crater floor. Lava overflowed the edges of the lake, constructing a perched lava lake. During 30 April-1 May the overflows filled the entire crater floor before receding back within the boundaries of the perched lava lake.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 April-26 April 2011

During 20-26 April, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and from Pu'u 'O'o crater. The level of the circulating lava-pool surface in a deep pit below the Halema'uma'u crater floor periodically fluctuated. A gas plume from the vent drifted mostly SW, and deposited very small amounts of ash nearby. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, central sources continuously erupted lava within a perched lava lake that was approximately half the diameter of the crater floor. The lava level fluctuated within the lake walls and episodically overflowed the rim. During 23-24 April lava from several central sources buried most of the perched lake and covered the crater floor. During 24-25 April several large draining events were characterized by a drop in the new lava-lake surface by several meters and minor collapses of the lake's rim.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 April-19 April 2011

During 13-19 April, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. The level of the circulating lava-pool surface in a deep pit was approximately 100 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor, and periodically rose and drained. A gas plume from the vent drifted NE and SW, and deposited very small amounts of ash nearby. On 16 April two collapses of interior vent walls covered most of the molten surface with rock debris and generated brown plumes. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, central sources continuously erupted lava within a perched lake that was approximately half the diameter of the crater floor. The lava level fluctuated within the lake walls and episodically overflowed the rim.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 April-12 April 2011

HVO reported that lava in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater was visible on 5 April and rose, fell, and circulated within the pit during 6-12 April. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, the level of the lava lake rose and fell, and was fed from a source in the central portion of the lake. During 5-8 April a gas plume from the vent deposited very small amounts of ash nearby, derived from rockfalls and occasional spatter from the lake.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 March-5 April 2011

HVO reported that lava in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater was visible on 5 April and rose, fell, and circulated within the pit during 6-12 April. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, the level of the lava lake fluctuated, and was fed from a source in the central portion of the lake. During 5-8 April a gas plume from the vent deposited very small amounts of ash nearby, derived from rockfalls and occasional lake spatter.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 March-29 March 2011

HVO reported that at Kilauea's east rift zone small areas of incandescence in Pu'u 'O'o crater were visible through the web camera during 23-24 March. The lava lake in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater was crusted over; frequent rockfalls produced a few brown-tinged plumes. On 25 March the lava lake reappeared as lava streamed across and eventually covered the floor of the pit. The next day lava returned to Pu'u 'O'o crater about 20 days after the crater floor collapsed on 5 March. Lava slowly filled the deepest parts of the crater forming a lava lake. The lava lake within Halema'uma'u crater again crusted over. During 27-29 March the lava lake in Pu'u 'O'o crater circulated and was fed from two closely-spaced sources in the W center of the lake.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 March-22 March 2011

HVO reported that at Kilauea's summit caldera a gas plume from the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater drifted mainly SW during 16-22 March and deposited ash and fresh spatter nearby. The lava lake within the pit was mostly crusted over during 16-19 March but occasionally produced incandescence. The lake was visible during 20-22 March and periodically changed depth. At the east rift zone, small incandescent areas were visible in Pu'u 'O'o crater. The Kamoamoa fissure remained inactive. During 16-18 March the sulfur dioxide emission rate from all east rift zone sources was below the detection threshold of 20-30 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 March-15 March 2011

HVO reported that on 9 March vigorous spattering as high as 50 m was noted from the W end of the Kamoamoa fissure, which had opened on 5 March, along Kilauea's east rift zone between Napau Crater and Pu'u 'O'o. Low lava fountains fed a channelized 'a'a lava flow, 80-290 m wide, that advanced at least 2.9 km to the SE. The lava flow waned starting at 1700 and spattering from the fissure stopped around 2230. The Volcano Alert Level was lowered to Watch and the Aviation Color Code remained at Orange.

During 9-10 March gas measurements showed a sulfur dioxide emission rate of about 4,400 tonnes/day from all east rift zone sources. The rate dropped to 350 tonnes/day on 10 March, and to 100 tonnes/day on 13 March, a value lower than those measured for the months before the Kamoamoa fissure eruption. Seismic tremor declined, but remained elevated above pre-Kamoamoa eruption levels at the summit and the eruption site. During 13-15 March incandescent areas were visible within Pu'u 'O'o crater.

At the summit caldera, a gas plume from the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater drifted mainly SW during 9-15 March. The level of the lava in the pit was about 220 m below the crater floor, confirmed during an overflight on 9 March. It could not be observed during an overflight the next day because the bottom of the vent was obscured by rubble. Incandescence was occasionally seen in the web camera. An overflight on 14 March revealed that lava was present in the vent; the level slowly rose during the night. On 15 March tephra and fresh spatter was collected from an area beneath the plume.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 March-8 March 2011

During 1-4 March, activity from Kilauea's summit caldera and east rift zone was similar to activity during the previous several weeks. The level of the circulating lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater fluctuated and rose to at most 70 below the crater floor. Scattered surface flows were active on the pali and coastal plain, and lava covered large portions of Pu'u 'O'o's crater floor. An unusually high number of earthquakes were located at Kilauea; during 1-4 March a majority of the earthquakes were located at the upper east rift zone.

On 5 March at 1342 there was the onset of rapid deflation at Pu'u 'O'o and increased tremor along Kilauea's middle east rift zone, and at 1400 the summit began to deflate. Between 1416 and 1421 the floor of the Pu'u 'O'o crater began to collapse and within 10 minutes incandescent ring fractures opened on the crater floor. As the floor continued to drop, lava appeared in the center and the NE spatter cone collapsed. The collapse of a large block along the E crater wall produced an ash plume. The floor continued to drop as fume obscured the camera view at 1626. The Aviation Color Code was raised to Red and the Volcano Alert Level was raised to Warning. A later report indicated that the crater floor dropped a minimum of 115 m.

Coincident with the Pu'u 'O'o collapse, an earthquake swarm began along the east rift zone in the area of Maka'opuhi and Napau craters, WSW of Pu'u 'O'o. A fissure, ultimately 2.3 km long, opened along the east rift zone between Napau Crater and Pu'u 'O'o, erupting spatter up to 25 m high and lava that burned nearby vegetation. Lava on one side of the fissure flowed into a nearby deep parallel fissure and disappeared. Fissure activity had paused by 2155.

Kilauea's summit continued to deflate and the lava lake level within the Halema'uma'u crater vent dropped, facilitating rockfalls from the vent wall. On 6 March at 0703 the lake level to receded almost beyond the webcam view following a large collapse. Spattering from the fissure resumed and two more fissures opened that produced more gas than lava. Spatter was reaching heights of 40 m. The tiltmeter on the N flank of Pu'u 'O'o recorded over 150 microradians of deflation beginning at 1400 on 5 March that markedly slowed by the morning of 6 March. Rockfalls exposed incandescent areas within Pu'u 'O'o. Lava flows on the coastal plain and pali were less active. The average sulfur dioxide emission rate from all east rift zone sources was 10,000 tonnes/day on 6 March, 2011, the highest rate there since an eruptive surge in July 2008 produced an emission rate of 7,000 tonnes/day.

On 7 March the Aviation Color Code was lowered to Orange. Vigorous spattering from the W end of the fissure continued; spatter rose as high as 30 m. No active lava flows were observed on the pali or coastal plain. The lava lake surface in Halema'uma'u crater was 200 m below the crater floor, based on visual estimates. Rockfalls in the crater produced dusty-brown plumes during 7-8 March. Low fountains and spattering from the fissure fed several lava flows that advanced S.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 February-1 March 2011

During 23 February-2 March, activity continued from the summit caldera and east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the circulating lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater fluctuated between 80 and 120 m below the crater floor. Nighttime incandescence was visible from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim. A plume from the vent drifted in multiple directions and deposited ash and fresh spatter nearby. At the east rift zone, two branches of the 29 November lava flow (from a lava tube breach at 366 m elevation) produced scattered surface flows on the pali and coastal plain. In Pu'u 'O'o crater, lava periodically effused or spattered from a cone on the NE portion of the crater floor and from a vent in the E crater wall.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 February-22 February 2011

During 16-22 February, activity continued from the summit caldera and east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the circulating lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater fluctuated between 70 and 125 m below the crater floor. Nighttime incandescence was visible from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim. A plume from the vent drifted in multiple directions and deposited ash and fresh spatter nearby.

At the east rift zone, two branches of the 29 November lava flow (a lava tube breach at 366 m elevation) produced scattered surface flows on the pali and coastal plain. In Pu'u 'O'o crater, lava effused from a cone on the NE portion of the crater floor and from a vent in the E crater wall during most of 16-18 February, covering a large portion of the crater floor. After the lava effusion ceased, incandescence emanated from the cone and vent.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 February-15 February 2011

During 9-15 February, activity continued from the summit caldera and east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater circulated and periodically changed depth. The highest level the lava rose to 72 m below the crater floor. Nighttime incandescence was visible from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim. A plume from the vent drifted mostly W and deposited ash and fresh spatter nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava flows continued from one of the upper rootless shields, near the TEB vent. Two branches of the 29 November lava flow (a lava tube breach at 366 m elevation) produced scattered surface flows on the pali and coastal plain. In Pu'u 'O'o crater, incandescence emanated from a cone on the N portion of the crater floor, lava effused from a cone on the W edge of the floor, and spatter and lava flows were produced from a vent in the E crater wall. On 12 February increased activity from a cone on the N floor was characterized by lava flows and incandescent tephra ejected 40-50 m above the cone. During 14-15 February lava from a NE cone covered the E half of the crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 February-8 February 2011

During 2-8 February, activity continued from the summit caldera and east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater circulated and remained mostly stable at approximately 100 m below the crater floor, periodically rising or falling. Nighttime incandescence was visible from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim. A plume from the vent that drifted mostly SW, W, and N deposited ash and fresh spatter nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava that broke out of the Quarry tube in a saddle between two rootless shields around 610 m elevation continued to advance both E and W, producing scattered surface flows. At the lowest elevation of the E branch, lava advanced along Highway 130 near Kalapana, periodically burning vegetation, and to the S towards the coast. On 4 February incandescence from the TEB vent and upper rootless shields visible on the web camera was later confirmed to be from spatter and lava flows. Lava continued to issue from each location during 5-8 February. Multiple small ocean entries were active on the W part of the Puhi-o-Kalaikini lava delta until 7 or 8 February.

In Pu'u 'O'o crater, incandescence emanated from the fuming vent in the E wall of the crater, and spatter and lava flows were produced from a cone on the N portion of the crater floor. On 7 February activity significantly increased; lava flowed from several vents including the vent on the E wall and multiple spatter cones on the N and NW areas of the floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 January-1 February 2011

During 26 January-1 February, activity continued from the summit caldera and east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater circulated and remained mostly stable at approximately 125 m below the crater floor, periodically rising or falling. Nighttime incandescence was visible from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim. A plume from the vent that drifted mostly SW deposited ash and fresh spatter nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava that broke out of the Quarry tube in a saddle between two rootless shields around 610 m elevation, continued to advance both E and W, producing scattered break-out flows. At the lowest elevation of the E branch, lava advanced along Highway 130 near Kalapana, periodically burning vegetation, and to the S towards the coast. Multiple small ocean entries were active on the W part of the Puhi-o-Kalaikini lava delta. Incandescence emanated from a spatter cone on the N portion of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and from the fuming vent in the E wall of the crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 January-25 January 2011

HVO reported that the largest of about 36 rockfalls that occurred in the deep pit within Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater on 17 January was followed by an explosive event, of a magnitude not seen since 2008, and felt locally. Ballistics up to 10 cm in diameter and hot tephra ejected from the pit were deposited on the rim of Halema'uma'u crater. Spatter up to 8 cm long was ejected onto the crater rim after collapses on 21 January.

During 19-25 January, activity continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater circulated and remained mostly stable at approximately 120 m below the crater floor, periodically rising or falling. Nighttime incandescence was visible from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim. A plume from the vent that drifted mostly SW and W deposited ash and fresh spatter nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava that broke out of the Quarry tube, at a saddle between two rootless shields around 610 m elevation, continued to advance both E and W. At the lowest elevation of the E branch, lava advanced along Highway 130 near Kalapana, periodically burning vegetation. Steam sporadically rising near the ocean suggested that the lava entered the ocean, although not continuously. One part of the W branch stopped entering the ocean on 18 January, but remained active. Incandescence emanated from a spatter cone on the N portion of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and from the fuming vent in the E wall of the crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 January-18 January 2011

During 12-18 January, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater circulated and remained mostly stable at approximately 120 m below the crater floor, periodically rising several meters higher. Nighttime incandescence was visible from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim. A plume from the vent that drifted S, NE, and N deposited ash and fresh spatter nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava that broke out of the Quarry tube at a saddle between two rootless shields around 610 m elevation, continued to advance in two branches, E and W. At the lowest elevation of the E branch lava advanced along Highway 130 near Kalapana, set a kipuka on fire, and destroyed a structure. One part of the W branch entered the ocean at Ki, about 2 km SW of the end of Highway 130. A spatter cone on the N portion of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor fed lava flows and incandescence emanated from the fuming vent in the E wall of the crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 January-11 January 2011

During 5-11 January, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater circulated and remained mostly stable at approximately 120 m below the crater floor, periodically rising several meters higher. Nighttime incandescence was visible from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim. A plume from the vent that drifted SW, NE, and N deposited ash and fresh spatter nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava that broke out of the Quarry tube at a saddle between two rootless shields around 610 m elevation, continued to advance in two branches, E and W. At the lowest elevation of the E branch lava advanced along Highway 130 near Kalapana. One part of the W branch entered the ocean on 6 January at a location about 2 km SW of the end of Highway 130. Lava flows fed by an 8-m-high cone on the N portion of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor covered and recovered the E crater floor. The web camera also recorded incandescence from a small fume-producing vent in the E wall of the crater. On 10 January the sides of the cone seemingly gave way and lava poured into two active flows that traveled toward the W portion of the crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 December-4 January 2011

During 29 December-4 January, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater circulated and remained mostly stable at approximately 120 m below the crater floor, periodically rising several meters higher. Nighttime incandescence was visible from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim. A plume from the vent that drifted mainly SW deposited ash and fresh spatter nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava that broke out of the Quarry tube onto the surface, at a saddle between two rootless shields at around the 610 m elevation, continued to advance in two branches. The lava flow at the lowest elevation advanced E beyond Kalapana by 3 January. Incandescence from a small spatter cone on the north-central part of Pu'u 'O'o crater floor continued. Lava from that cone flowed SE, NE, and W. Lava from a second spatter cone, located on the NW edge of the crater, was active on the crater floor. Weak incandescence was also visible from a small, fume-producing vent in the E wall of the crater, and from other various areas on the crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 December-28 December 2010

During 22-28 December, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable at approximately 125-130 m below the crater floor, periodically rising 20-30 m higher. Nighttime incandescence was visible from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim. A plume from the vent that drifted NW, N, and NE deposited ash and fresh spatter nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava that broke out of the Quarry tube onto the surface, at a saddle between two rootless shields at around the 610 m elevation, continued to advance in two branches. The E branch advanced along the E edge of the Quarry flow to about 60 m elevation and burned small remnants of a forest. On 22 December a breakout lava flow from the 365-m elevation advanced 820 m. Multiple scattered breakout lava flows were observed during the reporting period. Incandescence from a small spatter cone on the north-central part of Pu'u 'O'o crater floor continued. Lava from a second spatter cone, located on the NW edge of the crater, advanced E on the crater floor and then stalled on 27 December.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 December-21 December 2010

During 15-21 December, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable at approximately 130 m below the crater floor, periodically rising 20-30 m higher. Nighttime incandescence has been visible from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim since early 2010. A plume from the vent drifted SW and SE, when visible through fog, and deposited ash and fresh spatter nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava that broke out of the Quarry tube onto the surface at a saddle between two rootless shields at around the 610 m elevation, continued to advance in two branches. The E branch advanced along the E edge of the Quarry flow to about the 60-m elevation and burned small remnants of a forest. Incandescence from a prominent but small spatter cone on the north-central part of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor continued. Lava from a second spatter cone, located on the NW edge of the crater, flowed across the W side of the crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 December-14 December 2010

During 8-14 December, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable at approximately 130 m below the crater floor, periodically rising 15-20 m higher. Nighttime incandescence has been visible from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim since early 2010. A plume from the vent drifted in multiple directions and deposited ash and fresh spatter nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava flowed a short distance through the TEB lava-tube system before breaking out onto the surface at a saddle between two rootless shields at around the 610 m elevation, forming a lava pond atop a new shield. Two breakout lava flows traveled about 120 m down the pali. Lava flows from a small spatter cone on the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor continued. A small lava flow traveled W on 10 December. On 13 December lava flowed from a second spatter cone, located on the NW edge of the crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 December-7 December 2010

During 1-7 December, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable at approximately 135 m below the crater floor, periodically rising about 15 m above that level. Nighttime incandescence has been visible from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim since early 2010. A plume from the vent mostly drifted SW and deposited ash and fresh spatter nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava flowed a short distance through the TEB lava-tube system before breaking out onto the surface at a saddle between two rootless shields at around the 610 m elevation on 1 December. Lava started to build a shield and also extended several hundred meters from both sides of the lava tube. A small breakout lava flow on top of the pali traveled 100 m downslope to within about 6 km of Kalapana Gardens. During 2-7 December, lava flows at the saddle area advanced W, N, and E. Lava was last observed entering the ocean at Puhi-o-Kalaikini during 29-30 November.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 November-30 November 2010

During 24-30 November, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable between approximately 140 and 145 m below the crater floor, periodically rising about 20 m above that level. Nighttime incandescence has been visible from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim since early 2010. A plume from the vent mostly drifted SW and deposited ash nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava continued to flow through the TEB lava-tube system and fed surface flows on the coastal plain, breakout flows W and N of a county viewing area (located along Highway 130), and one or more ocean entries on the Puhi-o-Kalaikini delta W of Kalapana Gardens subdivision. A lava flow that broke out of the tube on 24 November advanced towards an abandoned house in Kalapana Gardens, and on 27 November, set fire to and destroyed the structure. Incandescence was visible from vents on the N part of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor on 23 November before it started to spatter and feed a small lava flow. The lava flow continued to advance E during 24 November-1 December.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 November-23 November 2010

During 17-23 November, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable approximately 150 m below the crater floor, periodically rising about 20 m above that level. Nighttime incandescence has been visible from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim since early 2010. A plume from the vent deposited ash nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava continued to flow through the TEB lava-tube system and fed small weakly active surface flows on the coastal plain, breakout flows W of a county viewing area (located along Highway 130), and a single ocean entry on the Puhi-o-Kalaikini delta W of Kalapana Gardens subdivision. Incandescence was visible from vents on the N part of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor during 17-18 November. Spattering from the vent was seen during 18-19 November, and a slow-moving lava flow began at about noon on 19 November.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 November-16 November 2010

During 10-16 November, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable at 155 m below the crater floor. Periodically the lava rose about 20 m above that level. Nighttime incandescence was seen from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim. A plume from the vent drifted SW and deposited ash nearby. At the east rift zone, lava continued to flow through the TEB lava-tube system and fed some small lava flows on the coastal plain and the Puhi-o-Kalaikini ocean entry. Incandescence was frequently visible from areaS on the N part of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 November-9 November 2010

During 3-9 November, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable between 150 and 160 m below the crater floor. Periodically the lava rose about 20 m above that level, producing nighttime incandescence seen from the Jaggar Museum on the NW caldera rim. A plume from the vent drifted SW and deposited ash nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava continued to flow through the TEB lava-tube system and fed some small lava flows on the coastal plain and the Puhi-o-Kalaikini ocean entry. Some short-lived breakouts of lava occurred from the portion of the lava tube that crosses Highway 130, about 300 m SW of the current County Viewing Area. Incandescence was frequently visible from vents on the N part of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 October-2 November 2010

During 27 October-2 November, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable between 160 and 170 m below the crater floor. Periodically the lava rose a few meters above that level, producing nighttime incandescence seen from the Jaggar Museum, on the NW caldera rim. A plume from the vent drifted SW and deposited ash nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava continued to flow through the TEB lava-tube system and fed two ocean entries at the Puhi-o-Kalaikini delta. On 27 October a small lava flow broke out of the lava tube and was active W of the end of Highway 130. A channelized 'a'a lava flow at the base of the pali began the next day. Lava flows were active on the coastal plain during 29-30 October and 1-2 November. Incandescence was frequently visible from vents on the N part of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 October-26 October 2010

During 20-26 October, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable; periodically the lava rose above that level, producing nighttime incandescence seen from the Jaggar Museum, on the NW caldera rim. A plume from the vent drifted mainly SW.

At the east rift zone, lava that flowed through the TEB lava-tube system fed at least one ocean entry at the Puhi-o-Kalaikini delta. Small surface flows on the coastal plain and pali were visible during 20-22 October. A vent on the N part of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor ejected spatter on 20 October. Incandescence was visible from the vent the next day and from multiple vents during 22-23 October.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 October-19 October 2010

During 13-19 October, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable between 155 and 160 m below the crater floor; periodically the lava rose 15-20 m above that level. Glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent drifted mainly SW.

At the east rift zone, lava that flowed through the TEB lava-tube system fed small lava flows and at least one ocean entry at the Puhi-o-Kalaikini delta. A break-out lava flow began just west of the end of Highway 130 on 15 October. During 15-19 October the lava filled in low areas between the highway and the inactive flows that had stopped near Kalapana Gardens earlier in the year. A vent on the N part of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor effused lava during 12-14 October and was incandescent during 15-19 October.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 October-12 October 2010

During 6-12 October, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable between 150 and 160 m below the crater floor; periodically the lava rose 10-30 m above that level. Glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent drifted mainly SW.

At the east rift zone, lava that flowed through the TEB lava-tube system mainly fed the Puhi-o-Kalaikini ocean entry. Break-outs of lava from a tube near the end of Highway 130 and NW of Kalapana on 4 October and other small break-outs during 6-12 October were noted. On 7 October another ocean entry point developed on the Puhi-o-Kalaikini delta, just W of the first entry.

Lava from a vent on the NW edge of Pu'u 'O'o crater flowed E across the crater floor during most of the reporting period. On 6 October a vent on the N floor of the crater opened and effused lava that buried the E portion of the crater with lava about 10 m thick. On 8 October, lava drained back into the vent on the N floor. Lava-flow activity on the crater floor was intermittent during 8-10 October. The next day the flows had stalled.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 September-5 October 2010

During 29 September-5 October, HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable at about 150 m below the crater floor; periodically the lava rose 15-35 m above that level. Glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent drifted mainly SW and deposited ash nearby.

At the east rift zone, lava that flowed through the TEB lava-tube system mainly fed the Puhi-o-Kalaikini ocean entry. A lava flow that broke out of the lava-tube system W of the end of Highway 130 on 26 September produced a flow E toward Kalapana Gardens that stalled on 28 September. Two days later a new breakout lava flow began near the end of Highway 130, just west of Kalapana Gardens subdivision. The flow sparked fires in a small, sparsely forested kipuka, and remained active through 4 October.

During 29 September-4 October, incandescence was visible from a skylight on the lava tube downslope from the rootless shield complex. A large skylight on top of a rootless shield, built over the TEB lava tube mid-way between the top of the pali and the TEB vent, also showed incandescence. On 29 September, lava began to erupt from a vent on the NW edge of Pu'u 'O'o crater and flowed E across the floor. The lava flow in Pu'u 'O'o crater continued to be active through the reporting period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 September-28 September 2010

During 22-28 September HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable around 160 m below the crater floor; periodically the lava rose 15-35 m above that level. Glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent drifted SW and deposited ash nearby. At the east rift zone, lava that flowed through the TEB lava-tube system mainly fed the Puhi-o-Kalaikini ocean entry. Weak thermal anomalies detected in satellite imagery suggested little to no lava flow activity on the pali or the coastal plain. On 26 September lava broke out of the lava-tube system W of the end of Highway 130 and produced a flow E toward Kalapana Gardens. The next day lava, flowing at a slower rate, filled in low areas S of the Hawaii County lava viewing area.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 September-21 September 2010

During 15-21 September HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within the Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable at about 160 m below the crater floor; periodically the lava rose 20-40 m above the stable surface level. Glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent drifted SW and deposited ash nearby. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, incandescence emanated from a lava flow on the SW floor during 16-19 September. At the east rift zone, lava that flowed through the TEB lava-tube system mainly fed the Puhi-o-Kalaikini ocean entry. Weak thermal anomalies detected in satellite imagery during 17-19 September suggested little to no lava flow activity on the pali or the coastal plain.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 September-14 September 2010

During 8-14 September HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable; glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent drifted SW and deposited ash, and occasionally Pele's hair and spatter, nearby. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, incandescence emanated from a lava flow on the SW floor on most nights. During an overflight on 9 September, geologists saw that the lava flow had ponded on the W side of the crater floor. At the east rift zone, lava that flowed through the TEB lava-tube system mainly fed the Puhi-o-Kalaikini ocean entry.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 September-7 September 2010

During 1-7 September HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable; glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent drifted SW and deposited ash nearby. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, incandescence emanated from an active hornito on the N floor. On 4 September lava started to flow along the S margin of the crater floor and was active the next day. At the east rift zone, lava that flowed through the TEB lava-tube system fed minor surface flows on the coastal plain, as well as the Puhi-o-Kalaikini ocean entry.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 August-31 August 2010

During 25-31 August HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable; glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent drifted SW. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, incandescence emanated from an active hornito on the N floor. At the east rift zone, lava that flowed through the TEB lava-tube system fed minor surface flows on the coastal plain, as well as two ocean entries at Puhi-o-Kalaikini, SW of Kalapana.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 August-24 August 2010

During 18-24 August HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable; glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent mainly drifted SW. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, incandescence emanated from multiple areas on the N floor. At the east rift zone, lava that flowed through the TEB lava-tube system fed occasional surface flows on the pali and on the coastal plain NW and W of Kalapana Gardens, as well as the Puhi-o-Kalaikini ocean entry.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 August-17 August 2010

During 11-17 August HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of the lava-pool surface in the deep pit within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable; glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent mainly drifted SW, dropping small amounts of ash downwind. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, a small incandescent vent on the N floor that occasionally extruded lava flows was observed to be a hornito. At the east rift zone, lava that flowed through the TEB lava-tube system fed occasional surface flows at the base of the pali and on the coastal plain WNW and W of Kalapana Gardens, as well as the Puhi-o-Kalaikini ocean entry.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 August-10 August 2010

During 4-10 August HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit caldera and the east rift zone. At the summit caldera, the level of a lava-pool surface in the deep pit within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable; glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent mainly drifted SW, dropping small amounts of ash downwind.

At the east rift zone, lava flows that broke out of the TEB lava-tube system fed surface flows on the coastal plain, an inflating surface flow in Kalapana, and two ocean entries. The delta built by the W ocean entry named Puhi-o-Kalaikini was 900 m wide by 8 August. The less vigorous E entry, 'Ili'ili, remained active until 9 August. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, incandescence from small areas on the N crater floor was visible. During 9-10 August minor spattering from the area built a very small cone.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 July-3 August 2010

During 28 July-3 August HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, the level of a lava-pool surface in the deep pit within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable; glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent mainly drifted SW, dropping small amounts of ash downwind.

At the east rift zone, lava flows that broke out of the TEB lava-tube system advanced NE over coastal highway 137 towards Kalapana Gardens subdivision. Two lava lobes that had overtopped the Hakuma horst, SW of Kalapana Gardens, flowed into the ocean. The first flow initially entered the ocean on 25 July and continued to build a small delta that was about 500 m wide by 3 August. On 28 July, the second flow entered the ocean, about 545 m E of the first ocean-entry point. In addition to the activity near the ocean, scattered small active lobes of lava were seen about 1 km W of the highway 130/137 intersection.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 July-27 July 2010

During 21-27 July HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, the level of a lava-pool surface in the deep pit within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable; glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent mainly drifted SW.

At the east rift zone, lava flows that broke out of the TEB lava-tube system advanced E and NE along coastal highway 137 beginning on 17 July and expanded S, filling in the area between the highway and the N-facing scarp of the Hakuma horst. On 24 July, lava flowed N and by the next morning had destroyed a home in Kalapana Gardens. Advancing lava flowed over an area of the horst and on 25 July reached the ocean. On 26 July, lava caused small brush fires and methane explosions in a kipuka on the W edge of the Kalapana subdivision. By 1200 on 27 July, a second lava flow 500 m E of the ocean entry had advanced over the horst and was about 20 m from the ocean. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, intermittent incandescence from lava flows on the N crater floor was visible starting on 24 July.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 July-20 July 2010

During 14-20 July HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, the level of a lava-pool surface in the deep pit within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable; glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent mainly drifted SW. At the east rift zone, two lava flows that broke out of the TEB lava-tube system advanced E through the coastal highway 130/137 intersection beginning on 17 July, and by 19 July were within 70 m of the nearest structure. A second set of active lava lobes were approximately 1 km to the NW and also advanced toward that general area. According to a news article, two people evacuated their home in Kalapana due to advancing lava flows.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Associated Press

7 July-13 July 2010

During 7-13 July HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, the level of a lava-pool surface in the deep pit within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable; glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent mainly drifted SW, dropping small amounts of tephra downwind. At the east rift zone, lava flows that broke out of the TEB lava-tube system built up a number of rootless shields between 580 and 395 m elevation. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations showed that minor lava flows originating from the shields traveled as far down as 60 m elevation near the base of the pali on 11 July.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 June-6 July 2010

During 30 June-6 July HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, the level of a lava-pool surface in the deep pit inset within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable; glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent mainly drifted SW, dropping small amounts of tephra, and occasionally fresh spatter, downwind.

At the east rift zone, lava flows that broke out of the TEB lava-tube system built up a number of rootless shields between 580 and 395 m elevation. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations showed that minor lava flows originating from the shields traveled as far down as 365 m elevation on 1 July. A gas vent on the E wall of Pu'u 'O'o crater was incandescent during most of the reporting period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 June-29 June 2010

During 23-29 June HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, the level of a lava-pool surface in the deep pit inset within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable; glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent mainly drifted SW, dropping small amounts of tephra, and occasionally fresh spatter, downwind. At the east rift zone, lava flows that broke out of the TEB lava-tube system built up a number of rootless shields between 580 and 520 m elevation. Satellite images showed thermal anomalies from minor lava flows originating from the shields. The Pu'u 'O'o web camera showed incandescence from a vent on the E wall of the crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 June-22 June 2010

During 16-22 June HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, the level of a lava-pool surface in the deep pit inset within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater remained mostly stable; glow from the vent was also visible at night. A plume from the vent mainly drifted SW, dropping small amounts of tephra, and occasionally fresh spatter, downwind.

At the east rift zone, lava flows that broke out of the TEB lava-tube system built up a number of rootless shields between 580 and 520 m elevation. Satellite images showed thermal anomalies from minor lava flows originating from the shields. The Pu'u 'O'o web camera views of a lava pond on the crater floor, that was an estimated 300 x 150 m in dimension, were often obscured by fumes. One small lava flow was seen on the crater floor on 18 June. Scientists saw a new gas vent on the E wall of the crater during an overflight on 21 June that had generated incandescence during the previous few days.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 June-15 June 2010

During 9-15 June HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, the level of a lava-pool surface remained mostly stable in the deep pit inset within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater; glow from the vent was visible. A plume from the vent mainly drifted SW, dropping small amounts of tephra downwind. Vigorous bubbling of the lava surface was seen during 14-15 June.

At the east rift zone, lava flows that broke out of the TEB lava-tube system at 580 m elevation built up rootless shields. Minor surface lava flows from the shields were often active on the pali and the coastal plain, and advanced along the W side of the TEB flow field towards the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision. The Pu'u 'O'o web camera recorded a growing and sometimes circulating lava pond on the crater floor that was an estimated 300 x 125 m in dimension. The pond was fed predominantly from a source near the N rim of the Pu'u 'O'o, with some contributions from a source near the S shore.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 June-8 June 2010

During 2-8 June HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, the level of the circulating, crusting, and bubbling lava-pool surface remained mostly stable in the deep pit inset within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater; glow from the vent was visible. A plume from the vent drifted SW, dropping small amounts of ash and spatter downwind.

At the east rift zone, lava flows that broke out of the TEB lava-tube system at 580 m elevation built up rootless shields. Minor surface lava flows from the shields were active on the pali and the coastal plain. Lava stopped flowing into the ocean at the Ki entry sometime during 2-3 June. The Pu'u 'O'o' web camera recorded a growing and circulating lava pond on the crater floor that on 5 June was an estimated 300 x 125 m in dimension. A small spattering cone was seen on the floor to the N of the pond.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 May-1 June 2010

During 26 May-1 June HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, the level of the circulating, crusting, and bubbling lava-pool surface remained mostly stable in the deep pit inset within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater; glow from the vent was visible. On 31 May the surface rose to the highest level yet recorded, but was still more than 100 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor.

At the east rift zone, lava flows that broke out of the TEB lava-tube system had advanced down the Pulama pali onto the coastal plain and headed S, entering the ocean at Ki. Other lava flows were active above the pali. On 27 May geologists noted a small rootless shield building up at a break-out point at 580 m elevation. Small lava flows issued from vents on Pu'u 'O'o's S crater wall during 26-27 May, and pooled on the crater floor at least through 31 May.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 May-25 May 2010

During 19-25 May HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, occasional rising and falling of the circulating, crusting, and bubbling lava-pool surface continued at the deep pit inset within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater; glow from the vent was visible. The plume of gas from the summit vent drifted SW. Sulfur dioxide emission rates measured at the summit during 19-21 and 24 May were in the 800-1,200 tonnes/day range.

At the east rift zone, lava flows that broke out of the TEB lava-tube system had advanced down the Pulama pali onto the coastal plain and headed S, entering the ocean at Ki. Other lava flows were active on the flow field. A small lava flow issued from a vent on Pu'u 'O'o's S crater wall on 21 May.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 May-18 May 2010

During 12-18 May HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued from the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, occasional rising and falling of the circulating lava-pool surface continued at the deep pit inset within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater; glow from the vent was visible. The plume of gas and ash from the summit vent drifted SW. On 14 May the sulfur dioxide emission rate measured at the summit was1,000 tonnes/day. The surface dimensions of the lava pool were an estimated 60 m by 90 m on 17 and 18 May.

At the east rift zone, lava flows that broke out of the TEB lava-tube system had advanced down the Pulama pali onto the coastal plain and headed S into the ocean. Geologists confirmed a collapse of a 17 m by 75 m sliver of Pu'u 'O'o crater's N rim that occurred on 11 May.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 May-11 May 2010

During 5-11 May HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued at the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, episodic rising and falling of the lava-pool surface continued at the deep pit inset within the floor of Halema'uma'u crater; glow from the vent was visible. The plume of gas and ash from the summit vent drifted SW and W, dropping small amounts of ash, and occasionally Pele's hair and Pele's tears, downwind. The sulfur dioxide emission rate measured at the summit on 5 May was 880 tonnes/day.

At the east rift zone, lava flows that broke out of the TEB lava-tube system had advanced down the Pulama pali onto the coastal plain and headed S into the ocean. Lava also flowed along the highway, after covering the county viewing area on 5 May. Incandescence was sometimes seen from a vent low on the S wall of Pu'u 'O'o crater. On 9 May lava flows near the county viewing area stalled.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 April-4 May 2010

During 28 April-4 May HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued at the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, episodic rising and falling of the lava-pool surface continued at the deep pit inset within the floor of Halema`uma`u crater; glow from the vent was visible. On most mornings the plume of gas and ash from the summit vent drifted NW, W, and SW. On 29 April small rockfalls disrupted the surface of the pond, producing "dusty" plumes. Sulfur dioxide emission rates measured at the summit during 28-29 April were in the 800-1,000 tonnes/day range.

At the east rift zone, lava flowed through tubes to supply a surface flow that had advanced down the Pulama pali, onto the coastal plain, heading S, and reached the ocean on 29 April. Lava continued to flow into the ocean, just W of the "old" coastal viewing area during the rest of the reporting period. Lava also flowed along the E margin, between the highway and the coast. Incandescence was sometimes seen from a vent low on the S wall of Pu'u 'O'o crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 April-27 April 2010

During 21-27 April HVO reported that activity at Kilauea continued at the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, episodic rising and falling of the lava column continued at the deep pit inset within the floor of Halema`uma`u crater; glow from the vent was often visible. On most mornings the plume of gas and ash from the summit vent drifted SW, depositing small amounts of tephra near the vent. Sulfur dioxide emission rates measured at the summit during 21-23 April were in the 630-770 tonnes/day range.

At the east rift zone, lava flowed through tubes to supply a surface flow that had advanced down the Pulama pali and onto the coastal plain, heading SE along the east margin of the TEB flow field. The lava flowed through vegetation, causing small brush fires and minor methane bursts. On 22 April a second lava flow to the W was also active. Two days later, the first lava flow appeared to have stalled. The W flow continued to advance, and by 27 April was within the County Viewing Area.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 April-20 April 2010

During 14-20 April activity reported by HVO at Kilauea was continuing at the summit and the east rift zone. At the summit, episodic rising and falling of the lava column continued at the deep pit inset within the floor of Halema`uma`u crater. Cycles occurred every 10-20 minutes until becoming more sporadic the evening of 14 April. On 15-16 April there were only 1-2 cycles/day. Activity increased again on the 17th, with cycles every 10-30 minutes. Glow from the vent was visible when the rising and falling cycles were frequent. On most mornings the plume of gas and ash from the summit vent drifted SW, depositing small amounts of tephra near the vent. Sulfur dioxide emission rates measured at the summit on 12, 14, 15, and 19 April were in the 600-790 tonnes/day range.

At the east rift zone, lava flowed through tubes to supply surface flows that advanced down the Pulama pali towards the coastal plain; on 16 April those flows were within 300 m of the coastal plain. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from the summit and east rift zone vents remained elevated. Geologists in the field on 17 April reported that the flow front had reached the E margin of the older Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) flow field on the coastal plain. On 19 April the flow front headed SE along the east margin of the TEB flow field, just W of the end of the Kalapana access road, and was 380 m NW of the viewing area.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 April-13 April 2010

During 7-13 April, HVO reported incandescence from a 60-m-wide active lava surface about 200 m below a 130-m-wide vent in the floor of Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. The lava surface circulated and both rose and drained through a pit in the cavity floor; a few times the level fluctuated between 235 and 260 m below the surface. Rocks from the vent walls fell into the pond, causing spattering. Plumes from the vent drifted mainly SW, dropping small amounts of ash, and occasionally Pele's hair and Pele's tears, downwind. Measurements indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 600 and 500 tonnes per day were measured on 8 and 9 April, respectively.

Lava from beneath the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex flowed SE through the upper portion of a lava tube system and broke out onto the surface. Lava flows moved SE down Pulama pali.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

31 March-6 April 2010

During 31 March-6 April, HVO reported incandescence from a 60-m-wide active lava surface about 200 m below a vent in the floor of Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. The lava surface circulated and both rose and drained through a pit in the cavity floor; a few times the level fluctuated between 235 and 260 m below the surface. Plumes from the vent drifted mainly SW, dropping small amounts of ash downwind. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit on 31 March was 1,400 tonnes per day, the highest recorded in 2010. The rate on 1 and 2 April was 1,000 and 650 tonnes per day, respectively.

Lava from beneath the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex flowed SE through the upper portion of a lava tube system and broke out onto the surface. Lava flows advanced E, and then SE down Pulama pali.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 March-30 March 2010

During 24-30 March, HVO reported incandescence from an active lava surface about 200 m below a vent in the floor of Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. The lava surface circulated and both rose and drained through a pit in the cavity floor. Plumes from the vent drifted mainly SW, dropping small amounts of ash, and occasionally spatter, downwind. Gas measurements on 25 and 26 March indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated at 600 and 800 tonnes per day, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Lava from beneath the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex flowed SE through the upper portion of a lava tube system and broke out onto the surface. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite, and visual observations, revealed active lava flows above the pali.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 March-23 March 2010

During 17-23 March, HVO reported incandescence from an active lava surface about 200 m below a vent in the floor of Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. The lava surface circulated and both rose and drained through a pit in the cavity floor. A plume from the vent drifted mainly SW, dropping small amounts of ash and spatter downwind. Measurements on 19 March indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated at 500 tonnes per day. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Lava from beneath the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex flowed SE through the upper portion of a lava tube system and broke out onto the surface. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite, and visual observations, revealed active lava flows above the pali. Incandescence was sometimes seen from a vent low on the S wall of Pu'u 'O'o crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 March-16 March 2010

During 10-16 March, HVO reported incandescence from an active lava surface about 200 m below a vent in the floor of Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. The lava surface circulated and both rose and drained through a pit in the cavity floor towards the end of the reporting period. Lava fountaining from the N edge of the pit was also noted. A plume from the vent drifted mainly SW, dropping small amounts of ash downwind. Measurements on 11 March indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated at 600 tonnes per day. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Lava from beneath the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex flowed SE through the upper portion of a lava tube system and broke out onto the surface. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite, and visual observations, revealed active lava flows on the pali and on the coastal plain.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 March-9 March 2010

During 3-9 March, HVO reported an active lava surface about 200 m below a vent in the floor of Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. The lava surface circulated and both rose and drained through a pit in the cavity floor. A plume from the vent drifted mainly SW, dropping small amounts of ash downwind. Measurements during 4-5 March indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated at 700-800 tonnes per day. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Lava from beneath the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex flowed SE through the upper portion of a lava tube system and broke out onto the surface. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite, and visual observations, revealed active lava flows on the pali and on the coastal plain.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 February-2 March 2010

During 24 February-2 March, HVO reported an active lava surface about 200 m below a vent in the floor of Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. The lava surface circulated and both rose and drained through holes in the cavity floor. Low lava fountains rose from the south edge of the deep pit. A plume from the vent drifted mainly SW, dropping small amounts of ash downwind. Measurements on 25 February indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated at 900 tonnes per day. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Lava from beneath the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex flowed SE through a lava tube system and broke out onto the surface. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite and visual observations revealed active lava flows on the pali and on the coastal plain. Incandescence was sometimes seen from a vent low on the S wall of Pu'u 'O'o crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 February-23 February 2010

During 17-23 February, HVO reported an active lava surface about 200 m below a vent in the floor of Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. The lava surface circulated and occasionally spattered, and both rose and drained through holes in the cavity floor. Bursting bubbles and low lava fountains were also noted. A plume from the vent drifted mainly SW, dropping small amounts of ash downwind. Measurements on 18 February indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated at 600 tonnes per day. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Lava from beneath the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex flowed over 3 km SE through a lava tube system before breaking out onto the surface. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite and visual observations revealed active lava flows on the W side of the TEB flow field, on the pali, and on the coastal plain. Incandescence was sometimes seen from a vent low on the S wall of Pu'u 'O'o crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 February-16 February 2010

During 10-16 February, HVO reported an active lava surface about 200 m below a vent in the floor of Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. The lava surface occasionally spattered, and both rose and drained through holes in the cavity floor. A plume from the vent drifted mainly SW, dropping small amounts of ash, and occasionally fresh spatter, downwind. Measurements on 11 February indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated at 900 tonnes per day. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day. That same day a significant rockfall or collapse event was followed by a brown plume for several minutes.

Lava from beneath the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex flowed over 3 km SE through a lava tube system before breaking out onto the surface. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite and visual observations revealed active lava flows on the pali and on the coastal plain. Incandescence was sometimes seen from a vent low on the S wall of Pu'u 'O'o crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 February-9 February 2010

During 3-9 February, HVO reported an active lava surface about 200 m below a vent in the floor of Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. The lava surface occasionally spattered, and both rose and drained through holes in the cavity floor. A plume from the vent drifted mainly SW, dropping small amounts of ash, and occasionally fresh spatter, downwind. Measurements indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 1,200 and 700 tonnes per day were measured on 4 and 8 February, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Lava from beneath the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex flowed over 3 km SE through a lava tube system before breaking out onto the surface. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite and visual observations revealed active lava flows above and on the pali, and on the coastal plain. By 8 February, pahoehoe lava flows had advanced 700 m from the base of the pali S onto the coastal plain. Incandescence was sometimes seen from a vent low on the S wall of Pu'u 'O'o crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 January-2 February 2010

During 27 January-2 February, HVO reported an active lava surface about 200 m below a vent in the floor of Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. The lava surface occasionally spattered, and both rose and drained through a hole in the cavity floor. A plume from the vent drifted N, NW, and W, dropping small amounts of ash, and occasionally fresh spatter, downwind. Measurements indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 400 and 1,000 tonnes per day were measured on 28 January and 1 February, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Lava from beneath the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex flowed over 3 km SE through a lava tube system before breaking out onto the surface. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite and visual observations revealed active lava flows on top of and on the pali; lava burned forest on the W side of the TEB flows. Incandescence was seen from a vent low on the S wall of Pu'u 'O'o crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 January-26 January 2010

During 20-26 January, HVO reported an active lava surface about 200 m below a vent in the floor of Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. The lava surface occasionally spattered, and both rose and drained through a hole in the cavity floor. A plume from the vent drifted multiple directions, dropping small amounts of ash, and occasionally fresh spatter, downwind. Lava from beneath the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex flowed SE through a lava tube system. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite and visual observations revealed active lava flows on top of the pali from lava-tube breakouts.

During an overflight of Pu'u 'O'o crater on 19 January scientists saw a recent but inactive lava flow across the bottom of the crater. On 22 January a small part of the crater rim collapsed in front of the web camera, revealing an incandescent vent at the base of the E wall. During 23-26 January, incandescence was seen from the vent, as well as from high on the E wall, the crater floor, and low on the S wall.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 January-19 January 2010

During 13-19 January, HVO reported an active lava surface about 200 m below a vent in the floor of Kilauea's Halema'uma'u crater. The lava surface occasionally spattered, and both rose and drained through a hole in the cavity floor. A plume from the vent drifted mainly SW, dropping small amounts of ash, and occasionally fresh spatter, downwind. On 14 January, the lava surface suddenly rose to very high levels multiple times; the highest level was about 120 m below the floor of Halema'uma'u crater. Thermal anomalies from the areas above the pali, detected from satellites on the same day, indicated that lava emissions from the TEB vent had resumed. Lava flows were noted during 17-19 January.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 January-12 January 2010

During 6-12 January, HVO reported that lava flows from Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex were seen above the pali by observers, or detected in satellite images. Lava did not enter the ocean at Waikupanaha. Incandescence was seen almost daily coming from multiple locations in Pu'u 'O'o crater. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a plume that drifted SW, N, and NE, dropping small amounts of ash, and occasionally fresh spatter, downwind. The NE-drifting plume resulted in poor air quality in some communities on 9 January. Incandescence originated from an active and sometimes sloshing lava surface within an opening on the deep floor of the vent cavity.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 December-5 January 2010

During 30 December-3 January, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from beneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the ocean at Waikupanaha. Lava was not seen entering the ocean on 4 and 5 January. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite and occasional visual observations revealed active lava flows on the pali. Incandescence was seen almost daily coming from Pu'u 'O'o crater. During an overflight of Pu'u 'O'o crater on 29 December, geologists saw that a part of the high point of the W rim had collapsed, and a new gas vent had opened up at base of the N wall.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a plume that drifted NE and NW, dropping small amounts of ash, and occasionally fresh spatter, downwind. Incandescence originated from an active and sometimes sloshing lava surface within an opening on the deep floor of the vent cavity.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 December-29 December 2009

During 23-29 December, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from beneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the ocean at Waikupanaha. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite and visual observations revealed active lava flows on and at the base of the pali, and on the coastal plain. On 26 December, explosions at the ocean entry ejected material 15 m high. Incandescence was seen almost daily coming from Pu'u 'O'o crater. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a plume that drifted mainly SW, dropping small amounts of ash, and occasionally fresh spatter, downwind. Incandescence originated from a very active, sloshing lava surface within a single opening on the deep floor of the vent cavity. Parts of the opening rim periodically collapsed into the lava surface generating spatter that deposited on the floor and walls of the vent cavity.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 December-22 December 2009

During 16-22 December, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from beneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the ocean at Waikupanaha. Incandescence was seen almost daily coming from Pu'u 'O'o crater. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce an off-white plume that drifted E and SW, dropping small amounts of ash downwind. Incandescence originated from a few holes in the deep floor of the vent cavity. Occasionally, lava ponded on the floor of the cavity. Spatter originated from a small spatter cone on the E side of the vent cavity floor. Spatter from the opening frequently fed small lava flows that traveled down the flank of the cone. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 600 tonnes per day were measured on 18 December. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 December-15 December 2009

During 9-15 December, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from beneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the ocean at multiple locations between Waikupanaha and areas farther to the W. Towards the beginning of the reporting period, thermal anomalies detected by satellite and visual observations revealed occasional active lava flows. Incandescence was seen almost daily from Pu'u 'O'o crater. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce an off-white plume that drifted predominantly to the SW, dropping small amounts of ash downwind. Incandescence originated from a few holes in the deep floor of the vent cavity. On 13 December, lava ponded on the floor, crusted over, and blocked the holes. Incandescence was again visible the next night.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 December-8 December 2009

During 2-8 December, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from beneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the ocean at multiple locations between Waikupanaha and an area 700 m farther to the W. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite and visual observations revealed active lava flows on the coastal plain. Incandescence was occasionally seen from Pu'u 'O'o crater; on 2 December, incandescence originated from vents on the E wall. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a white or off-white plume that drifted E, W, and SW, and dropped small amounts of ash downwind. Incandescence originated from multiple spattering holes in the deep floor of the vent cavity.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 November-1 December 2009

During 25 November-1 December, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from beneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the ocean at multiple locations between Waikupanaha and an area 700 m farther to the W. A small bench collapse may have occurred on 27 November. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite and visual observations revealed active surface lava flows on the coastal plain. Incandescence was occasionally seen on the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a white or off-white plume that drifted mainly SW and dropped small amounts of ash downwind. Incandescence originated from a lava pond deep in the vent cavity floor; the lava pond circulated and spattered during 25-26 November and 1 December. Measurements indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 1,000 tonnes per day were measured on 28 and 30 November. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

According to a news article on 30 November, Hawaii county was declared a natural disaster area due to the negative impact that vog from Halema'uma'u crater has had on croplands and livestock.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Hawaii News Now

18 November-24 November 2009

During 18-24 November, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from beneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the ocean at multiple locations between Waikupanaha and an area 700 m farther to the W. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite and visual observations revealed active surface lava flows at locations on and at the base of the pali, at the TEB vent, and on the coastal plain. Incandescence was seen on the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a white or off-white plume that drifted mainly SW and dropped small amounts of ash downwind. Incandescence originated from a circulating and spattering lava pond that occasionally rose above and drained back below holes in the vent cavity floor. On 21 November, a sliver of the rim collapsed and was followed by an explosion that produced a dense brown plume that dissipated after a few minutes (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/update/archive/2009/Nov/HMMvent_21Nov2009_x2speed.mov). Measurements indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 700-1,100 tonnes per day was measured during 18-20 and 23 November. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 November-17 November 2009

During 11-17 November, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the ocean at multiple locations between Waikupanaha and an area 700 m farther to the W. Thermal anomalies detected by satellite suggested active surface lava flows. Incandescence was seen on the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and intermittently from an East wall vent. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted W and SW. Incandescence originated from a spattering lava pond inside the vent cavity. Measurements indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 600 tonnes per day was measured on 16 November. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 November-10 November 2009

During 4-10 November, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry and a second location, 700 m farther to the W. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface lava flows. Breakout lava flows were located inland of the Waikpuanaha entry and also W of the County Public Viewing trail. The last remaining structure on the flow field burned on 3 November. Incandescence was seen from the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and an East wall vent during 6-7 November.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted SW and likely produced some ashfall. Incandescence originated from a spattering lava pond inside the vent cavity. Preliminary measurements indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 700 and 400 tonnes per day were measured on 6 and 9 November, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 October-3 November 2009

During 28 October-3 November, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Lava began entering the ocean at a second location, 700 m farther to the W, on 31 October. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface lava flows. Breakout lava flows were located inland of the Waikpuanaha entry and also immediately W of the County Public Viewing trail. Intermittent incandescence was seen from the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and an East wall vent.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted SW. Incandescence originated from occasionally spattering holes from a surface inside the vent cavity. On 3 November, a collapse of the surface revealed a circulating and spattering lava pond below. Preliminary measurements indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 800 tonnes per day was measured on 30 October. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 October-27 October 2009

During 21-27 October, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry on most days. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface lava flows. For a few days an active lava flow advanced on the coastal plain, burning vegetation and pavement along the former Kalapana access road. Intermittent incandescence was seen from the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and an East wall vent.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted SW. Incandescence originated from occasionally spattering holes from a surface inside the vent cavity. Preliminary measurements indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 560-1,400 tonnes per day was measured during 21-22 and 26 October. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 October-20 October 2009

During 14-20 October, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface lava flows on top and at the base of the pali. Intermittent incandescence was seen from the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor and an East wall vent.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted SW. Fresh Pele's Hair was collected near the summit on 16 October. Incandescence originated from sources inside the vent cavity; on 18 October a lava pond surface was seen, but then disappeared. Preliminary measurements indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 690-940 tonnes per day was measured during 16-18 October. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 October-13 October 2009

During 7-13 October, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images revealed active surface lava flows on top of the pali. Intermittent incandescence was seen from Pu'u 'O'o crater and the East wall vent during 7-10 October.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted mainly SW. Small amounts of ash were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume. Incandescence originated from a source deep inside the vent cavity; on 13 October a crusted lava pond surface was seen. Preliminary measurements indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 800 tonnes per day was measured on 11 October. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 September-6 October 2009

During 30 September-6 October, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images revealed active surface lava flows on top of the pali. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted SW. Small amounts of occasional fresh ash were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume. During 30 September and 2, 4, and 5 October, a lava pond within the vent, about 200 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor, rose and fell, circulated, and weakly spattered. Preliminary measurements indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 410, 650, and 480 tonnes per day were measured on 30 September, 1 and 2 October, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 September-29 September 2009

During 23-27 September, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Lava was not seen entering the ocean on 28 and 29 September. Visual observations and thermal anomalies detected in satellite images revealed active surface lava flows on most days. On 23 September, weak incandescence was detected from inside Pu'u 'O'o crater and from a gas vent in the E crater wall. Explosive activity at the ocean entry on 26 September was possibly caused by a small bench collapse.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted SW and W. Small amounts of ash were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume. Weak incandescence from the vent, about 200 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor, was visible at night. Rushing gas and rockfall sounds were occasionally heard in the vicinity of the vent. Preliminary measurements indicated that the sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 400, 700, and 665 tonnes per day were measured on 23, 24, and 28 September, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day. On 26 September, a series of rockfalls accompanied an apparent collapse of the vent floor, causing the lava level to drop and the plume to turn "dusty brown" for several minutes. On 28 September, a spattering lava pond was seen inside the vent.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 September-22 September 2009

During 16-22 September, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Visual observations and thermal anomalies detected in satellite images revealed active surface lava flows.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted mainly SW. Small amounts of ash were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 1,300, 1,000, and 400 tonnes per day were measured on 16, 17, and 18 September, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day. During 16 and 17 September, two hybrid earthquakes were followed by 20-40 minutes of sustained tremor. The plume turned briefly "dusty" after the first event and incandescent tephra was ejected onto the rim after the second event; both produced glassy spatter.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 September-15 September 2009

During 9-15 September, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Weak, sporadic explosions from the ocean entry were seen on 10 September. Occasional thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface lava flows.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted mainly SW. The plume briefly turned brown on 9 September from a rockfall. Small amounts of ash were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume. Incandescence from small openings in the floor of the vent, about 200 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor, was visible at night with varying intensity. During the night from 12 to13 September, spattering from the opening was seen on the web camera. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 900 tonnes per day was measured on 11 September. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 September-8 September 2009

During 2-8 September, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface lava flows in the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted mainly SW. Small amounts of ash-sized tephra were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume. Degassing and rockfall sounds were occasionally heard in the vicinity of the vent. Incandescence from small openings in the floor of the vent, about 200 m below the Halema'uma'u crater floor, was visible at night. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 1,200 and 785 tonnes per day were measured on 2 and 3 September, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 August-1 September 2009

During 26 August-1 September, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted mainly SW. Small amounts of ash-sized "rock dust" were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume. Degassing sounds were occasionally heard in the vicinity of the vent. Incandescence from the floor of the vent was visible at night on the web camera, or from HVO. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 1,000 and 950 tonnes per day were measured on 26 and 27 August, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 August-25 August 2009

During 19-25 August, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations during 18-19 August revealed active surface lava flows. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted mainly SW. Small amounts of ash-sized "rock dust" were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume. Rushing gas sounds were occasionally heard in the vicinity of the vent. Incandescence from the floor of the vent was visible at night on the web camera. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 950-1,140 tonnes per day was measured during 19-21 August. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 August-18 August 2009

During 12-18 August, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface flows on the flow field.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted mainly SW. Small amounts of ash-sized "rock dust," were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume; possibly fresh tephra, including Pele's Hair, was collected on 12 August. Rushing gas sounds were often heard in the vicinity of the vent. During 12-13 August, a new, brightly incandescent hole appeared on the floor of the vent. The vent increased in size and incandescence continued to be seen on the web camera during the reporting period. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 2,050 and 900 tonnes per day was measured on 12 and 14 August; respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 August-11 August 2009

During 5-11 August, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface flows on the pali, and along the E and W TEB flow field. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted mainly SW. Small amounts of ash-sized "rock dust," likely generated from small vent wall collapses, were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 1,800 tonnes per day was measured on 7 August. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day. For the first time in weeks, on 10 August, incandescence from the vent was seen.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 July-4 August 2009

During 29 July-4 August, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface flows on the pali. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted mainly SW. Small amounts of ash-sized "rock dust," likely generated from small wall collapses in the vent, were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; 675 tonnes per day was measured on 31 July. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 July-28 July 2009

During 22-28 July, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface flows at several locations on the pali. Explosions from the Waikupanaha ocean entry were reported on 22 July. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted mainly SW. Small amounts of ash-sized "rock dust" were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume during the reporting period. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; measurements were 800, 500, and 950 tonnes per day on 22, 24, and 27 July, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day; between the 30 June rockfall sequence and 19 July rates were 200-400 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 July-21 July 2009

During 15-20 July, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Kupapa'u ocean entries. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface flows at several locations on the pali, and on the TEB flow field. A structure in the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision was destroyed on 16 July. Explosions from the Waikupanaha ocean entry were reported on 17 July. Lava was not seen entering the ocean on 21 July.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a diffuse white plume that drifted mainly SW. No lava or incandescence from the crater had been seen since a "deflation-inflation" event on 4 July. Small amounts of ash-sized "rock dust" were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume during the reporting period. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; measurements were 400 and 1,100 tonnes per day on 17 and 20 July, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 July-14 July 2009

During 8-14 July, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Kupapa'u ocean entries. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface flows on the pali and on the TEB flow field. Explosions from both ocean entries were reported on 8 July; strong explosions ejected incandescent tephra up to 20 m high at the Waikupanaha entry.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW. No lava or incandescence from the crater had been seen since a "deflation-inflation" event on 4 July. Small amounts of ash-sized tephra were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume during the reporting period. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; measurements were between 300 and 400 tonnes per day during 8-10 and 13 July. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 July-7 July 2009

During 1-6 July, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Kupapa'u ocean entries. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface flows on the pali and on the TEB flow field.

A sequence of rockfalls within the cavity on the floor of Halema'uma'u crater began at 1338 on 30 June. The first rockfall was followed by a loud explosion, and produced a M 2.4 equivalent earthquake felt at HVO and the adjacent Jaggar Museum. The gas plume turned brown for several minutes. Several more rockfall signals were detected by the seismic network; two more were felt locally. Booming sounds also accompanied several of the rockfalls. Chunks of the vent rim fell into the cavity. By 1600, more than 30 rim-collapse events had been recorded by seismometers, with a few more occurring on 1 July. Seismic tremor amplitudes decreased by more than 50 percent. By 1800, the levels were at their lowest values since 30 August 2007. On 1 July, scientists observed rocky rubble within the vent and no incandescence. Sporadic gas jetting noises were heard coming from the vent.

During 1-2 July, a few areas of incandescence were seen in the vent by the web camera. During 2-4 July, scientists observed a small ponded lava surface and weak spattering deep within the vent. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; measurements were 360 and 200 tonnes per day on 3 and 5 July, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 June-30 June 2009

During 24-30 June, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Kupapa'u ocean entries. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface flows on the pali and on the TEB flow field. Explosions from both ocean entries were occasionally reported. On 28 June, officials reported a wide swath of lava flows descending the pali.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW. Small amounts of ash-sized tephra, including Pele's hair and fresh spatter, were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume during the reporting period. A molten lava pool (54 m in diameter) near the base of the cavity, about 290 m below the floor of the crater, produced incandescence of variable brightness. The level of the lava pond rose periodically. Sounds resembling rushing gas and rockfalls were occasionally heard in the vicinity of the crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; measurements were 800 tonnes per day on 24 and 26 June. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 June-23 June 2009

Daily reports from HVO about Kilauea during 17-23 June indicated continuing visible glow from the Halema'uma'u vent. Molten lava remained in the neck of a funnel-shaped cavity in the floor of Halema'uma'u Crater. Webcam views showed the lava level rising several meters for brief periods before returning to depths of about 290 m below the crater rim and 205 m below the crater floor, as determined by laser-ranging measurements. Throughout the week lava from east rift zone vents flowed through tubes to the coast and entered the ocean at two locations west of Kalapana; active surface flows also continued on the pali within the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from the Halema`uma`u and Pu`u `O`o vents remained elevated. The plume continued to carry glassy bits of spatter and small amounts of ash. A deflation-inflation event began on 22 June and was continuing the next day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 June-16 June 2009

During 10-16 June, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Kupapa'u ocean entries. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface flows on the pali and on the TEB flow field. Explosions from the Waikupanaha ocean entry were reported on 13 June.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW. Small amounts of tephra, including Pele's hair and fresh spatter, were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume during the reporting period. A molten lava pool near the base of the cavity, about 100 m below the floor of the crater, produced bright incandescence. The Halema'uma'u Overlook Vent webcam that has a view into the vent cavity showed a draining event from the actively bubbling lava pond on the evening of 12 June. Sounds resembling rushing gas and rockfalls were occasionally heard in the vicinity of the crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; measurements were 1,100 and 1,000 tonnes per day on 11 and 12 June, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 June-9 June 2009

During 3-9 June, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. The Kupapa'u ocean entry was again active starting on 4 or 5 June. Thermal anomalies detected in satellite images and visual observations revealed active surface flows above and in the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision, and on the TEB flow field.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW. Small amounts of tephra, including Pele's hair and fresh spatter, were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume during the reporting period. A molten lava pool near the base of the cavity, about 100 m below the floor of the crater, produced bright incandescence. Lava was clearly visible in the Halema'uma'u Overlook Vent webcam on 5 June. On 8 and 9 June, sounds resembling rushing gas and rockfalls were heard in the vicinity of the crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit remained elevated; measurements were 700 and 800 tonnes per day on 4 and 5 June, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 May-2 June 2009

During 27 May-2 June, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. The Kupapa'u ocean entry was active until 31 May. On 30 May, a thermal anomaly on the upper TEB flow field was detected on satellite imagery. Pilot reports and satellite imagery analysis on 2 June confirmed active surface lava flows in this area. A small channelized 'a'a lava flow had stagnated above the top of the pali.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume, occasionally tinged brown, that drifted mainly SW. Small amounts of ash-sized tephra, including Pele's hair, Pele's tears, and fresh spatter, were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume during the reporting period. A molten lava pool near the base of the cavity, deep below the floor of the vent, produced incandescence of variable intensity. Sounds resembling rushing gas were sometimes heard in the vicinity of the crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 May-26 May 2009

During 20-26 May, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Kupapa'u ocean entries. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that rose 200-300 m. The plume drifted N, NE, and SW, and caused poor air quality in the summit region. Small amounts of usually ash-sized tephra, including Pele's hair, Pele's tears, and glassy spatter, were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume during the reporting period. A molten lava pool near the base of the cavity, deep below the floor of the vent, produced incandescence of variable intensity. Sounds resembling rushing gas and rockfalls were heard in the vicinity of the crater on 26 May.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 May-19 May 2009

During 13-19 May, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Kupapa'u ocean entries. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume, occasionally tinged brown, that drifted mainly W. Various amounts of tephra, including Pele's hair and irregular pieces of vesicular glass, were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume during the reporting period. A molten lava pool near the base of the cavity, deep below the floor of the vent, produced incandescence of variable intensity. Sounds resembling rushing gas and rockfalls were sometimes heard in the vicinity of the crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 May-12 May 2009

During 6-12 May, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Kupapa'u ocean entries. On 6 May, a bench collapse from Kupapa'u was detected by seismic signals. Tour pilots reported an active surface lava flow above the pali that was less than half a kilometer long. A thermal anomaly corresponding to the flow was detected on satellite imagery. Geologists on an overflight on 7 May mapped a stalled 'a'a flow that broke out from the TEB lava tube and was being covered by pahoehoe from the breakout point. They also saw that the Waikupanaha delta had built out to the furthest point in its over 13-month history and that bus-sized chunks of delta were scattered on the beach fronting the Kupapa'u entry, as a result of the 6 May collapse. Some explosions occurred at the Waikupanaha ocean entry on 10 May.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a white plume that that drifted W and SW. A molten lava pool near the base of the cavity, deep below the floor of the crater, produced the brightest incandescence from the summit vent since early December 2008. Sounds resembling rushing gas and falling rocks were sometimes heard in the vicinity of the crater. Fresh spatter was retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume during 6-7 May. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was elevated; measurements were 1,100 and 700 tonnes per day on 8 and 10 May, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 April-5 May 2009

During 29 April-5 May, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Kupapa'u ocean entries. Some explosions occurred at the Waikupanaha ocean entry. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a white plume that sometimes caused poor air quality in nearby areas. Sounds resembling rushing gas were sometimes heard in the vicinity of the crater. Various amounts of tephra, spatter, and ash were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume during the reporting period. On 3 May, unusually bright incandescence seen from the vent on the web camera was accompanied by a decrease in summit tremor levels of about 40 percent. During 4-5 May, bright incandescence was again noted; summit tremor levels were variable but never exceeded moderate values.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 April-28 April 2009

During 22-28 April, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Kupapa'u ocean entries. Occasional explosions occurred from the Waikupanaha ocean entry, and on 22 April small littoral explosions continued to build up a steep-sided cone at the Kupapa'u entry. Surface flows were present on the coastal plain. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a white plume occasionally tinged brown that drifted SW, N, and NE. Poor air quality in nearby communities was sometimes caused by the plume. Incandescence was intermittently seen from the vent, and sounds resembling rushing gas or rockfalls were sometimes heard in the vicinity of the crater. Various amounts of tephra, including Pele's hair, spatter, and ash, were frequently retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 April-21 April 2009

During 15-21 April, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Kupapa'u ocean entries. Occasional explosions occurred from the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Surface flows were present on the coastal plain and at the base of the pali. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a white plume occasionally tinged brown that drifted mainly SW. Incandescence was intermittently seen from the vent, and sounds resembling rushing gas or rockfalls were sometimes heard in the vicinity of the crater. Pele's hair, tiny glass spheres, and ash were frequently retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was elevated, reaching 700 tonnes per day on 15 April; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 April-14 April 2009

During 8-14 April, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Kupapa'u ocean entries. Occasional explosions occurred from the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Surface flows on the coastal plain or from the Prince lobe were seen or detected by satellite imagery. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a white plume occasionally tinged brown that drifted mainly SW. Incandescence was intermittently seen from the vent. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was elevated; measurements were 1,000, 900, and 1,000 tonnes per day on 8, 9, and 13 April, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day. On 13 April, Pele's hair, tiny glass spheres, and ash were retrieved from collection bins placed near the plume. On 14 April, ash was collected from the bins. Seismic instruments recorded a M 5 earthquake beneath the S flank, 12 km SE of the summit, at a depth of 10 km.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 April-7 April 2009

During 1-7 April, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Kupapa'u ocean entries. Surface flows on the coastal plain were seen or detected by satellite imagery. Occasional explosions occurred from the Waikupanaha ocean entry. On 2 April, geologists found that the surface lava flow feeding the Kupapa'u entry was 1 km (0.6 m) wide.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW. Incandescence was intermittently seen from the vent, and sounds resembling rushing gas were sometimes heard in the vicinity of the crater. Variable amounts of tephra including some Pele's hair, Pele's tears, and rock dust were retrieved daily from collection bins placed near the plume. During 31 March and 1 April, geologists utilizing an infrared camera to look into the vent saw a lava pond that rose and fell approximately every 3 minutes. During 2-3 April, the lava pond was replaced by a large hot opening; ejected spatter built up a rim. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was elevated; measurements were 550, 800, and 700 tonnes per day on 1, 2, and 3 April, respectively. The 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 March-31 March 2009

During 24-31 March, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Kupapa'u ocean entries. Daily thermal anomalies seen on satellite imagery suggested surface flows on the coastal plain.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW. Incandescence was intermittently seen from the vent, and sounds resembling rushing gas were sometimes heard in the vicinity of the crater. Variable amounts of tephra and some Pele's hair were retrieved almost daily from collection bins placed near the plume. On 24 March, a dusty brown plume rose from the vent. Geologists utilizing an infrared camera saw at least two spattering openings deep below the vent rim. On 25 March, two more brown plumes were emitted. A larger collapse was followed by a large, dense, brown plume, and several more brown plumes over the next two hours. The rockfalls within the vent covered the previously seen hot vents. During 26-28 March, infrared camera views revealed a rising and falling lava surface deep below the crater floor. The lava surface was static, but circulating on 29 March. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 500, 900, and 1,000 tonnes per day on 25, 26, and 30 March, respectively; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 March-24 March 2009

During 18-24 March, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Kupapa'u ocean entries. Activity near the Prince Lobe was noted, and thermal anomalies seen on satellite imagery during most days suggested surface flows on the coastal plain. Explosions from the Waikupanaha ocean entry were seen on 19 March. During 19-20 March, the Kupapa'u bench was 450 m wide (along shore) and extended 70 m into the ocean.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume, occasionally tinged brown, that drifted mainly SW. Incandescence was intermittently seen from the vent, and sounds resembling rushing gas were sometimes heard in the vicinity of the crater. Tephra and some glassy spatter were retrieved almost daily from collection bins placed near the plume. On 20 March, geologists utilizing an infrared camera saw that a single small spattering vent (another was out of sight to the E) at the bottom of a large overhung cavity beneath the Halema'uma'u crater floor emitted gas and steam. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 500 and 900 tonnes per day on 19 and 23 March, respectively; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 March-17 March 2009

During 11-17 March, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry and occasionally producing explosions. Thermal anomalies noted during most days on the coastal plain suggested surface flows. During 11-13 March, scattered surface flows near the Prince lobe were noted. On 13 March, a 30-m-wide lava flow entered the ocean at Kupapa'u, a second ocean entry location to the W of Waikupanaha. Kupapa'u was active during 14-17 March.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume; southwesterly winds often caused poor air quality in communities to the N. Incandescence from the vent was seldom seen. On 12 March, seemingly fresh spatter was collected from bins placed near the plume; minimal amounts of ash were collected the next day. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 1,000 tonnes per day on 13 March; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day. Field visits to the caldera floor indicated that there was an ash emission event sometime before dawn on 15 March, possibly following a wall collapse within the Halema'uma'u vent. Ash coated several monitoring instruments and was detected in Volcano, about 6 km NE. On 16 March, the plume drifted N and dusted HVO with ash.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 March-10 March 2009

During 4-10 March, HVO reported that lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry and occasionally producing explosions. Thermal anomalies noted during most days on the coastal plain suggested surface flows. Scattered surface flows near the Prince lobe were noted on 5 and 9 March. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW; incandescence was intermittently seen. Small amounts of newly ejected tephra were collected on 5, 6, and 10 March. Geologists utilizing an infrared camera on 3 March saw two spattering vents and a hot area about 100 m below the vent rim. Hot areas were also visible during 4-5 March, and on 6 March they saw an enlarged puffing vent. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 700 tonnes per day on 5 and 6 March; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 February-3 March 2009

HVO reported that during 25 February-3 March lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry and occasionally producing explosions. A sizable collapse of the Waikupanaha bench was seen by a visitor on 28 February. Thermal anomalies noted during most days on the coastal plain suggested surface flows.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW; incandescence was intermittently seen from the vent. Small amounts of ejected tephra, including Pele's hair, were routinely collected. On 26 February, geologists utilizing an infrared camera saw two spattering and episodically degassing vents about 100 m below the vent rim. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 1,100 tonnes per day on 27 February and 1 March; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 February-24 February 2009

HVO reported that during 18-24 February lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry and occasionally producing explosions. On 17 February, four large explosions that accompanied a collapse of the Waikupanaha bench ejected rocks and spatter 275 m inland. Lava also entered the ocean at Waha'ula during 18-20 February, and at a second point further E, named Poupou, starting on 18 February. Incandescence originated from the Prince lobe on 20 February. Thermal anomalies noted on the coastal plain suggested surface flows.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW; incandescence was intermittently seen from the vent. Small amounts of ejected tephra, including Pele's hair and some spatter, were routinely collected. Geologists utilizing an infrared imager during an overflight on 20 February saw a small, hot degassing vent deep below the vent rim. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 1,400, 1,500, 1,300, and 900 tonnes per day on 17, 18, 19, and 20 February, respectively; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 February-17 February 2009

HVO reported that during 11-17 February lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Waha'ula ocean entries. On most days, multiple explosions and spatter at the ocean entry were seen. On 11 February, geologists found a new littoral cone, on the edge of the bench, with a large crack running through it. Spatter on the cone and the bench behind it resulted from lava bubble bursts and steam jetting reported during the previous two days. A second crack between the cone and the sea cliff was also noted. The cracks suggested that the bench was slowly failing and did not collapse as reported a few days prior. Occasional incandescence originated from the Prince lobe, the flow that feeds the Waha'ula ocean entry. Thermal anomalies suggesting surface flows were noted on the coastal plain and on the pali.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW; incandescence was intermittently seen from the vent. Small amounts of tephra, including Pele's hair and some spatter, were routinely collected. Infrared images taken during an overflight on 11 February revealed the development of a small spattering cone over the conduit that hosted a lava pond the previous week. Images taken on 14 February indicated that the conduit had mostly crusted over; a small, puffing vent was visible. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 800 tonnes per day on 12 February, and 500 tonnes on 13 February; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 February-10 February 2009

HVO reported that during 4-10 February lava flowed SE from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex through a lava tube system, reaching the Waikupanaha and Waha'ula ocean entries. On 7 and 8 February, multiple explosions at the ocean entry were seen. On 9 February, booming noises and explosions were noted at the ocean entry; observers reported lava bubble bursts at 15-30 minute intervals. Seismicity and later observations indicated that the bench had collapsed. Incandescence originated from the Prince lobe, the flow that feeds the Waha'ula ocean entry. Thermal anomalies suggesting surface flows were noted on the coastal plain and on the pali.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW; the plume turned brown on 5 and 7 February. Small amounts of tephra were routinely collected. Incandescence was intermittently seen from the vent, and sounds resembling rushing gas and rockfalls were sometimes heard in the vicinity of the crater. Geologists looked into the vent on 4 and 6 February and saw lava rising and falling about 115-120 m below the vent rim. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 900 tonnes per day on 4 and 9 February, and 500 tonnes on 5 February; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 January-3 February 2009

HVO reported that during 28 January-3 February lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha and Waha'ula ocean entries. Explosions at the ocean entry were seen on 28 January. Incandescence originated from the Prince lobe, the flow that feeds the Waha'ula ocean entry. Thermal anomalies suggesting surface flows were noted on the coastal plain.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW; occasional shifts in the wind caused poor air quality at the summit and surrounding areas. Small amounts of newly ejected tephra, including rock dust, spatter, and Pele's hair, were collected. Incandescence was intermittently seen from the vent, and sounds resembling rushing gas and rockfalls were sometimes heard in the vicinity of the crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 1,100 tonnes per day on 30 January and 1,500 tonnes on 2 February; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 January-27 January 2009

HVO reported that during 20-27 January lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Explosions at the ocean entry were seen on 20, 21, and 26 January. On 22 January, the Prince lava flow, W of the main lava-tube system, entered the ocean at Waha'ula but was too small to generate a steam plume. Thermal anomalies suggesting surface flows were noted on the coastal plain and on the pali; geologists found active lava flows on the coastal plain on 26 January.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW. Small amounts of newly ejected tephra, including rock dust, spatter, and Pele's Hair, were collected. Incandescence was intermittently seen from the vent, and sounds resembling rushing gas, rockfalls, and rock impacts were sometimes heard in the vicinity of the crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 900 tonnes per day on 22 and 23 January; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 January-20 January 2009

HVO reported that during 14-20 January lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Surface flows were noted on the coastal plain and incandescence was seen on the pali. Explosions at the ocean entry were seen on 17 and 18 January. Variable winds caused the County Viewing Area to close during 14-16 January.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW. Variable winds occasionally caused poor air quality around the summit; on 16 January sulfur dioxide concentrations in the air reached unsafe levels. On 17 January, a geologist near the vent heard rockfalls, and rock impact and rushing sounds. Vent rim collapses the next day caused a dusting of fine tephra, and on 20 January faint incandescence from deep within the vent was noted.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 January-13 January 2009

HVO reported that during 7-13 January lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Surface flows were noted on the coastal plain and incandescence was seen at the base of the pali. Explosions at the ocean entry were seen on 6, 8, and 11 January. A lobe of lava called the Prince lobe, to the W of Waikupanaha, advanced to within about 160 m of the coastline.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW. Tephra production had stopped; rockfalls inside the vent continued. An infrared camera showed that the vent conduit was closed by rubble deep beneath the floor of the crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 800 tonnes per day on 7 January; above the 2003-2007 average rate of 140 tonnes per day. Variable winds periodically caused sulfur dioxide concentrations in the air to reach unsafe levels and effect nearby communities, and caused the Jaggar Museum to close on 12 January.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

31 December-6 January 2009

HVO reported that during 31 December-6 January lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Surface flows were noted on the coastal plain and incandescence was seen at the base of the pali. Explosions at the ocean entry were seen on 31 December and 5 January.

Earthquakes strong enough to be located were variously scattered beneath the caldera, along the SW rift zone, and along the S-flank fault. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW. Consistent with a decreasing trend of ash production since 15 December, the vent produced minimal amounts of fine tephra; essentially no tephra was collected during 5-6 January. Sounds resembling rockfalls were sometimes heard in the vicinity of the crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 500 tonnes per day on 31 December and 2 January; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 December-30 December 2008

HVO reported that during 24-30 December lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Thermal anomalies were detected on satellite imagery at the base of the pali and on the coastal plain. Explosions at the ocean entry were noted on 26 and 29 December.

Earthquakes were variously located beneath the caldera, along the S-flank fault, and along the SW rift zone. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW. Following a decreasing trend since 15 December, the vent produced minimal amounts of tephra that mostly consisted of fine rock dust. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 400 and 800 tonnes per day on 24 and 29 December, respectively; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 December-23 December 2008

HVO reported that during 17-23 December lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Thermal anomalies were detected on satellite imagery at the base of the pali and on the coastal plain. During 19-20 December geologists reported explosions at the ocean entry. Earthquakes were variously located beneath the caldera and along the S-flank fault. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW and deposited small amounts of tephra.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 December-16 December 2008

HVO reported that during 10-16 December lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Incandescence was occasionally seen at the TEB vent, and surface flows were noted on and at the base of the pali, and on the coastal plain. A branch of lava previously seen traveling S towards the Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park boundary went about 55 m into the park. On 16 December, a Pu'u 'O'o Crater web camera was hit with a small amount of debris, suggesting a collapse in the crater.

Earthquakes were variously located beneath the caldera, along the SW rift zone, and along the S-flank fault. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater the number of earthquakes on 10 December ranged from 150 to 200, but were too small to be located more precisely (less than M 1.7 and recorded on fewer than four seismometers). The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW and deposited small amounts of tephra. Weak winds caused poor air quality at the summit. Sounds resembling rockfalls were sometimes heard in the vicinity of the crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 December-9 December 2008

HVO reported that during 3-9 December lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Incandescence was occasionally seen at the TEB vent, and surface flows were noted on and at the base of the pali. On 6 December, a few explosions originated from the ocean entry. Observers reported that a small bench collapse that occurred sometime between 6 and 7 December sent boulders up to 0.5 m in diameter inland about 50-75 m.

Earthquakes were variously located beneath and to the S of the caldera, along the SW rift zone, and along the S-flank fault. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW and deposited small amounts of tephra. Night-time incandescence was rarely seen at the base of the plume, and sounds resembling rockfalls were heard in the vicinity of the crater. During 2-4 December, the plume drifted NW and high concentrations of sulfur dioxide were measured at various locations. On 4 December, hybrid earthquakes were followed by several minutes of dense brown emissions. A vent rim collapse was seen on 5 December after rockfall and booming sounds were heard, and brown ash was emitted. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 1,000 and 500 tonnes per day on 4 and 5 December, respectively; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 November-2 December 2008

HVO reported that during 26 November-2 December lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Incandescence was seen at the TEB vent. Breakout lava flows low on the pali fed channelized flows that traveled S towards the Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park boundary. GPS stations spanning Pu'u 'O'o Crater recorded almost 4 cm of contraction during the previous 3 months. Earthquakes were variously located beneath and to the S of the caldera, and along the SW rift zone, the S-flank fault, and the Koa'e fault. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW and deposited small amounts of tephra. Night-time incandescence was occasionally seen at the base of the plume. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 500 tonnes per day on 26 November; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 November-25 November 2008

HVO reported that during 19-25 November lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Incandescence and active surface flows were seen on and at the base of the pali (fault scarp), and at the TEB vent. Earthquakes were variously located beneath and to the S of the caldera, and along the S-flank fault. During 20-21 November, tremor levels increased to four times the background level. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW and deposited small amounts of tephra. Night-time incandescence was occasionally seen at the base of the plume. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at the summit was 1,700 and 700 tonnes per day on 20 and 24 November, respectively; the 2003-2007 average rate was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 November-18 November 2008

HVO reported that during 12-18 November lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Incandescence and active surface flows were seen on and at the base of the pali (fault scarp). Earthquakes were variously located beneath and to the S of the caldera, and along the S-flank fault. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater daily earthquakes ranged from 20 to 40 (background is about 40), but were too small to be located more precisely. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW and deposited small amounts of tephra. Night-time incandescence was seen at the base of the plume on the web camera for the first time in about a month, and sounds resembling distant surf and rockfalls were heard in the vicinity of the crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was 1,200 and 800 tonnes per day on 14 and 17 November, respectively; the 2003-2007 rate average was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 November-11 November 2008

HVO reported that during 5-11 November lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Thermal anomalies detected on satellite imagery indicated active surface flows. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at Pu'u 'O'o was 2,000 tonnes per day on 7 November, near the 2005-2007 average background rate of 1,700 tonnes per day.

During the reporting period, Kilauea earthquakes were variously located beneath and to the S of the caldera and along the S-flank fault. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater earthquakes ranged from 40 to 60 (background is about 40), but were too small to be located more precisely. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a white plume that occasionally turned brown and drifted mainly SW. Night-time incandescence was intermittently seen at the base of the plume, and sounds resembling distant surf and rock clattering were heard in the vicinity of the crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was 900 tonnes per day on 7 November. The 2003-2007 rate average was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 October-4 November 2008

HVO reported that during 29 October-4 November lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Thermal anomalies detected on satellite imagery indicated active surface flows, especially in the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision. Explosive activity at the ocean entry was reported on 31 October and 1 November. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at Pu'u 'O'o was 1,200 and 1,700 tonnes per day on 30 October and 3 November, respectively, half of the background rate of the 2005-2007 average.

During the reporting period, Kilauea earthquakes were variously located beneath and to the S of the caldera and along the S-flank fault. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater earthquakes ranged from 40 to 60 (background is about 40), but were too small to be located more precisely. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW. Night-time incandescence was intermittently seen at the base of the plume, and sounds resembling distant surf and rock clattering were heard in the vicinity of the crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was 500-700 tonnes per day during 29-31 October and 3 November. The 2003-2007 rate average was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 October-28 October 2008

HVO reported that during 22-28 October lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Lava flow production possibly paused during 26-27 October. Multiple surface lava flows on the pali were noted. On 23 October, a plume drifted above the County Viewing Area near the ocean entry and rained acid droplets, causing a closure. Explosions at the ocean entry were reported on 24 October. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at Pu'u 'O'o was 1,000 tonnes per day on 23 and 24 October, half of the background rate of the 2005-2007 average. Weak winds caused the viewing area to close again on 25 October.

During the reporting period, Kilauea earthquakes were variously located beneath and to the S of the caldera, along the S-flank faults, and along the SW rift zone. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater earthquakes ranged from less than 30 per day to 70 (background is about 40), but were too small to be located more precisely. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume that drifted mainly SW. Night-time incandescence was intermittently seen at the base of the plume, and sounds resembling distant surf, rock clattering, and rock impacts were heard in the vicinity of the crater. Weak winds resulted in poor air quality at the summit during 21 and 25-28 October. During an overflight on 24 October, HVO geologists used a FLIR (Forward Looking InfraRed) camera to view the vent. The vent (about 80 m by 60 m) was wider than a lower orifice (about 30 m by 15 m), but narrower than a chamber above the orifice, resulting in an over-hanging vent rim prone to collapse. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was 500-900 tonnes per day during 22-24 October. The 2003-2007 rate average was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 October-21 October 2008

HVO reported that during 15-21 October lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Multiple surface lava flows on the pali were noted; on 16 October a channelized 'a'a flow was active in the Royal Gardens subdivision and a pahoehoe flow was seen on the W side of the active flow field. Lava destroyed one of two remaining intermittently occupied structures in the subdivision. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at Pu'u 'O'o was 1,000 tonnes per day on 17 October, half of the background rate of the 2005-2007 average. Explosions at the ocean entry were reported on 19 October.

During the reporting period, Kilauea earthquakes were variously located beneath and to the S of the caldera, and along the S-flank faults. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater earthquakes ranged from 40 per day to more than 100 (background is about 40), but were too small to be located more precisely. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume, which was occasionally tinged brown in association with small local earthquakes or vent rim collapses, that drifted mainly SW. Night-time incandescence was intermittently seen at the base of the plume. Two vent explosions occurred on 14 October. The first was initiated by the collapse of a thin piece of the vent rim. The second explosion ejected molten spatter that fell within 100 m of the vent and produced an eruption plume that rose 2 km above the caldera rim. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was 600 and 900 tonnes per day on 16 and 17 October, respectively. The 2003-2007 rate average was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 October-14 October 2008

HVO reported that during 8-14 October lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Multiple lava breakouts, including a small 'a'a flow E of the Royal Gardens subdivision, and points of incandescence on the pali were noted. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at Pu'u 'O'o was 1,400 tonnes per day on 12 October, below the background rate since early 2005. Explosions at the ocean entry were reported on 13 October.

During the reporting period, Kilauea earthquakes were variously located beneath and to the S of the caldera, and along the S-flank faults. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater earthquakes ranged from 40 per day to more than 80 (background is about 40), but were too small to be located more precisely. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume, which was occasionally tinged brown in association with small local earthquakes, that drifted mainly SW and S. Night-time incandescence was intermittently seen at the base of the plume. An explosion on 12 October produced pulsating ash-rich clouds with pulses of incandescent gas and tephra. Significant tephra deposits included frothy ejecta up to fist and grapefruit sizes. In a video of the eruption, incandescence in the plume appears to be well above the level of the crater rim (about 70 m above the vent). The sulfur dioxide emission rate was 1,200 tonnes per day on 10 October. The 2003-2007 rate average was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 October-7 October 2008

HVO reported that during 1-7 October lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex. Lava that reached the ocean entry generated a steam plume during much of the reporting period; a plume was absent during 4-6 October. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at Pu'u 'O'o was 1,400 tonnes per day on 5 October, below the background rate as averaged over the past 25+ years.

During the reporting period, Kilauea earthquakes were variously located beneath and to the S of the caldera, along the S-flank faults, and along the SW rift zone. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater small earthquakes per day ranged from less than 40 to 100 (background is about 20-40), but were too small to be located more precisely. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume with occasional minor ash content that drifted mainly SW, but also in multiple other directions. Weak night-time incandescence was intermittently seen at the base of the plume. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was 900 and 1,100 tonnes per day on 3 and 5 October, respectively. The 2003-2007 rate average was 140 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 September-30 September 2008

HVO reported that during 24-30 September, lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the ocean entry. Explosions at the ocean entry were noted on 25 and 27 September.

During the reporting period, Kilauea earthquakes were variously located beneath and to the S of the caldera, along the SW rift zone, and along the S-flank faults. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater, 40-100 small earthquakes per day (background is 20-40) also occurred but were too small to be located more precisely. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume with minor tephra content that drifted mainly SW. Weak night-time incandescence was intermittently seen at the base of the plume. The plume was occasionally tinged brown in association with small local earthquakes. During an overflight on 26 September, HVO geologists estimated that the surface of the lava pond was about 120-140 m below the crater floor, about 20-40 m lower than the previous pond surface observed on 5 September.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 September-23 September 2008

HVO reported that during 17-23 September, lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. During 18-19 September, explosions from the base of the plume ejected debris into the air. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at Pu'u 'O'o was 1,700 tonnes per day on 21 September, near the background rate as averaged over the past 25 years.

During the reporting period, Kilauea earthquakes were variously located beneath and to the S of the caldera, and along the S-flank faults. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater, 40-80 small earthquakes per day (background is 20-40) also occurred but were too small to be located more precisely. On 19 September a M 4.3 earthquake, felt island-wide, was located at a depth of 9.7 km below the S flank. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume with occasional minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. Weak night-time incandescence was intermittently seen at the base of the plume, and rock impact and rushing gas sounds were heard in the vicinity of the crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was 1,200 tonnes per day on 21 September. The pre-2008 background rate was 150-200 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 September-16 September 2008

HVO reported that during 10-16 September, lava flowed SE through a tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry. On 9 September, geologists observed small littoral explosions that ejected debris 20 m into the air. Incandescence flashed from multiple sources within the central and western parts of Pu'u 'O'o crater were seen during 11-12 September.

During the reporting period, Kilauea earthquakes were variously located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, along the S-flank faults, and along the SW rift zones. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater, 50-100 small earthquakes per day (background is 20-40) also occurred but were too small to be located more precisely. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. The plume was occasionally tinged brown in association with small local earthquakes. Weak night-time incandescence was intermittently seen at the base of the plume, and rock impact sounds were heard in the vicinity of the crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 September-9 September 2008

HVO reported that during 3-9 September, lava flowed SE through a lava tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex, reaching the Waikupanaha ocean entry and one further to the E. On 5 September, geologists saw multiple surface flows during an aerial observation: four on the coastal plain, and a large 'a'a flow and a small pahoehoe flow in the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. The plume was occasionally tinged brown in association with small local earthquakes. Weak night-time incandescence was intermittently seen at the base of the plume, and rock impact sounds were heard in the vicinity of the crater. The sample collection bin contained tephra, Pele's hair, Pele's tears, and a variously shaped glass fragments. On 5 September, scientists saw the surface of a sloshing lava lake, 50 m in diameter, about 100 m below the vent rim while hovering over the vent in a helicopter. A second view revealed a roiling pond with multiple bursting bubbles that changed into a central upwelling circulation pattern. The level of the lake dropped slightly before the cycle restarted.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 August-2 September 2008

HVO reported that during 27 August-2 September, lava flowed SE through a lava tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex and reached the Waikupanaha ocean entry. On 31 August, students from the University of Hawaii at Hilo reported low-level explosive activity at Waikupanaha.

A high number of Kilauea's earthquakes were centered in various locations along the Koa'e fault system, beneath the summit, N of Kupaianaha, along the S-flank faults, and along the E and SW rift zones. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater, more than 40 and up to 400 small earthquakes per day (background 40) also occurred but were too small to be located more precisely. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. The plume was occasionally tinged brown. Weak night-time incandescence was intermittently seen at the base of the plume, and rock impacts and muted rushing sounds were heard in the vicinity of the crater. During 26-27 August, multiple ash ejections were observed. On 27 August, the white plume was temporarily tinged brown and rose to a higher altitude following an explosive eruption (the fifth in 2008). Glass fragments and tephra up to 5 cm in diameter burned holes in a collection tarp placed near the overlook. Analysis of photos captured over the previous month showed that the vent had lengthened by almost 50 percent along the edge of the crater floor. On 29 August, the collection bin contained Pele's hair, Pele's tears, and a variety of other shapes of glass fragments.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 August-26 August 2008

HVO reported that during 20-26 August, lava flowed SE through a lava tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entry. On 20 August, geologists observed bursting lava bubbles from an area E of Waikupanaha that threw molten fragments 10-20 m into the air. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at Pu'u 'O'o was 3,200 and 1,800 tonnes per day on 20 and 22 August, respectively; the average background rate is about 2,000 tonnes per day.

Kilauea earthquakes were centered in various locations along the Koa'e fault system, S and W of the caldera, beneath the summit, along the S-flank faults, and along the E and SW rift zones. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater, more than 40 small earthquakes per day (background 40) also occurred but were too small to be located more precisely. About 100 earthquakes were detected on 26 August. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. The plume was occasionally tinged brown. Weak night-time incandescence was intermittently seen at the base of the plume, and rock impacts and muted rushing sounds were heard in the vicinity of the crater. On 21 August, an earthquake was accompanied by a 400-m-high jet of mostly gas that rose vertically, then drifted SW. The jet also contained some rock dust and bits of volcanic glass. Several small ash ejections occurred on 25 August. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was 600-1,000 tonnes per day during 20-25 August. The pre-2008 background rate was 150-200 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 August-19 August 2008

HVO reported that during 13-19 August, lava flowed SE through a lava tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Incandescence was noted from the rootless shield complex during 13-15 August. Earthquakes were in various locations along the Koa'e fault system, S and W of the caldera, beneath the summit, along the S-flank faults, and along the E and SW rift zones. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater, around 40 small earthquakes per day (background is 20-40) also occurred but were too small to be located more precisely. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a predominantly white plume with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. The plume was occasionally tinged brown. Night-time incandescence was intermintently seen at the base of the plume, and rock impacts and rushing sounds were heard in the vicinity of the crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 August-12 August 2008

HVO reported that during 6 and 9-12 August lava flowed SE through a lava tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Occasional explosions and surface lava flows were noted near the ocean entry. A small fountain in a lava pond at the top of one of the rootless shields was observed on 10 August. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at Pu'u 'O'o was 1,700 and 2,400 tonnes per day on 8 and 9 August, respectively; the average background rate is about 2,000 tonnes per day.

During the reporting period, Kilauea earthquakes were variously located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, along the Koa'e fault system, SE and W of the caldera, along the S-flank faults, and along the E and SW rift zones. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater, up to 100 small earthquakes per day (background is 20-40) also occurred but were too small to be located more precisely. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a mainly white plume with minor ash content that drifted SW. The plume was occasionally tinged brown. Night-time incandescence was seen at the base of the plume rock-clattering sounds were heard in the vicinity of the crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was high at 900 tonnes per day on 7 August. The pre-2008 background rate was 150-200 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 July-5 August 2008

HVO reported that during 30 July-5 August lava flowed SE through a lava tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Explosions from the ocean entry were noted on 30 July. On 31 July, about 2.3 acres (or 25 percent) of the bench E of the ocean entry collapsed. A small lava pond at the top of one of the rootless shields was observed during an overflight. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at Pu'u 'O'o was 1,800 tonnes per day on 31 July; the average background rate is about 2,000 tonnes per day.

During the reporting period, Kilauea earthquakes were variously located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, along the Koa'e fault system, N of the summit, along the S-flank faults, and along the E and SW rift zones. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater, 40 or fewer small earthquakes per day also occurred but were too small to be located more precisely.

The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a mainly white plume with minor ash content that drifted SW, then occasionally rotated SE. During 1-3 August, seismic signals resembling those from explosions were accompanied an increase in plume vigor and by the color turning temporarily brown. An event on 1 August started with a collapse of a small portion of the vent rim and was followed by ejected incandescent tephra. Night-time incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. Rushing and rock-clattering sounds were heard in the vicinity of the crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was high at 800 and 700 tonnes per day, on 31 July and 4 August, respectively. The pre-2008 background rate was 150-200 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 July-29 July 2008

Based on visual observations from HVO geologists, video footage, and web camera views, HVO reported that during 23-29 July, lava flowed SE through a lava tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entry. A bench collapse at the ocean entry occurred on 22 July. Pu'u 'O'o crater incandescence originated from vents on the crater floor and was reflected in a gas plume emitted from a vent on the E wall. A surface lava flow was seen behind the coastal bench on 28 July. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at Pu'u 'O'o was high at 4,700 and 5,400 tonnes per day on 24 and 26 July, respectively; the average background rate is about 2,000 tonnes per day.

During the reporting period, Kilauea earthquakes were variously located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, along the Koa'e fault system, beneath Makaopuhi crater, along the S-flank faults, and along the SW rift zone. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater, another 20-60 small earthquakes per day also occurred but were too small to be located more precisely. The vent in the crater continued to produce a white plume with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. Night-time incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. Rock-clattering sounds were heard in the vicinity of Halema'uma'u crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was high and between 600 and 800 tonnes per day, during 24-26 July. The pre-2008 background rate was 150-200 tonnes per day. On 26 July, incandescent material was ejected from the vent in Halema'uma'u crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 July-22 July 2008

Based on visual observations from HVO crews, video footage, pilot reports, and web camera views, HVO reported that during 16-22 July, lava flowed SE through a lava tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex. The lava flowed into the ocean at the Waikupanaha ocean entry resulting in occasional explosions and a vigorous steam plume from contact with the water. Lightning was sometimes seen in the steam plume. Incandescence was observed from the TEB vent, rootless shields, breakouts along the W margin of the TEB lava tube, and from vents and sporadic spatter in Pu'u 'O'o crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate at Pu'u 'O'o was very high at 6,300 tonnes per day on 17 July; the average background rate is about 2,000 tonnes per day.

During the reporting period, Kilauea earthquakes were located beneath the summit area and beneath Halema'uma'u crater, along S-flank faults, and along the E and SW rift zones. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater, another 20-40 small earthquakes per day also occurred but were too small to be located. The vent in the crater continued to produce a white plume with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. Night-time incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. Rock clattering, booming noises, and "rushing sounds" were heard in the vicinity of Halema'uma'u crater. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was high and between 700 and 800 tonnes per day, during 16-18 July. The pre-2008 background rate was 150-200 tonnes per day. On 19 July, incandescent material was ejected from the vent.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 July-15 July 2008

During most of 9-15 July 2008 the Kilauea summit and Pu`u `O`o cone continued to deflate. Small amounts of ash and elevated amounts of sulfur dioxide gas continued to issue from the Halema`uma`u vent.

At the east rift eruption site, an unusually high amount of sulfur dioxide gas issued from Pu`u `O`o crater on 9 July. More lava than usual continued to erupt from the TEB vent area during 9-12 July and flowed into the tube system, feeding multiple short surface flows. Lava also resumed flowing into the ocean at Waikupanaha. Surface flows within the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision were seen on the morning of 13 July; they may have reached the coastal plain the next day. Strong incandescence was seen from within Pu`u `O`o crater from the 10th through the 15th.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 July-8 July 2008

Based on visual observations from HVO crews, video footage, pilot reports, and web camera views, HVO reported that during 2-8 July, lava flowed SE through a lava tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex. The TEB vent is located a little over 2 km NE of Pu'u 'O'o crater. During 2-6 July, lava flows reached the Waikupanaha ocean entry and created a steam plume from contact with the water. Incandescence was also seen from surface lava flows at multiple breakout points along the lava tube system. On 7 July, seismic tremor levels near the TEB vent abruptly doubled, corresponding to a substantial new breakout in the rootless shield area. The steam plume at the Waikupanaha ocean entry was also absent that day and the next. An overflight revealed that a lava fountain from one of the breakouts on rootless shield 3 (about 1 km SE of the TEB vent) was 12-15 m high and fed several lava flows. The lava fountain and a lava pond were active during 7-8 July and incandescence at shield 6 (about 2 km SE of the TEB vent) was noted.

At Pu'u 'O'o the sulfur dioxide emission rate fluctuated between 3,100 and 4,800 tonnes per day when measured during 4-6 July; the average background rate is about 2,000 tonnes per day. Incandescence from two distinct sources in the E and W ends of Pu'u 'O'o crater was observed on the web camera during 4-6 July. Diffuse incandescence was noted during 7-8 July.

During the reporting period, Kilauea earthquakes were located beneath the summit area, along S-flank faults, along the E and SW rift zones, beneath Halema'uma'u crater, and beneath the area where the Koa'e fault system joins the upper E rift zone. Beneath Halema'uma'u crater, another 20-100 small earthquakes per day also occurred but were too small to be located. The vent in the crater continued to produce a white plume with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. Night-time incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was high, between 700 and 1,400 tonnes per day, during 2-7 July. The pre-2008 background rate was 150-200 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 June-1 July 2008

Based on visual observations from HVO crews and web camera views, HVO reported that during 25 June-1 July, lava flowed SE through a lava tube system from underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entry. On 24 June, small episodic explosions at Waikupanaha propelled spatter about 50 m into the air; explosions were also noted on other days. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was 1,300 tonnes per day when measured on 24 June; the average background rate was about 2,000 tonnes per day. During 28 June-1 July, a small surface 'a'a lava flow near the E boundary of the Royal Gardens subdivision advanced E. During 30 June-1 July, several surface flows from multiple points along the lava tube system were noted.

During the reporting period, Kilauea summit earthquakes were located beneath the summit area, along S-flank faults, and along the E and SW rift zones. Another 20-60 small earthquakes per day also occurred but were too small to be located. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce a white plume with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. Night-time incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. Seismic tremor was elevated. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was 900 tonnes per day when measured on 26 June. The background rate is 150-200 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 June-24 June 2008

Based on visual observations from HVO crews and web camera views, HVO reported that during 18-24 June, lava flowed SE through a lava tube system underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Incandescence was occasionally noted from the TEB vent area. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was 1,400 tonnes per day when measured on 18 June; the average background rate was about 2,000 tonnes per day.

During the reporting period, Kilauea summit earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, beneath the summit area, along the Koa'e and S-flank faults, and along the E and SW rift zones. About 100-140 small earthquakes (not located) were detected during 18-21 June. The vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce white plumes with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. Night-time incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. Seismic tremor was elevated. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was high and fluctuated between 400 and 1,100 tonnes per day when measured during 18-22 June. The background rate is 150-200 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 June-17 June 2008

Based on visual observations from HVO crews, reports from county officials, and web camera views, HVO reported that during 11-17 June lava flowed SE through a lava tube system underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Incandescence was occasionally noted from the TEB vent area. Gas continued to jet from a vent about 30 m below Pu'u 'O'o crater's E rim.

During the reporting period, Kilauea summit earthquakes were located beneath HVO, beneath Puhimau Crater, N of Pu'u 'O'o, beneath the summit area, along the S-flank fault, and along the SW rift zone. An average of 10-40 small earthquakes (not located) were detected daily. The eruption from the vent in Halema'uma'u crater continued to produce white plumes with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. Night-time incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. Seismic tremor was elevated. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was high and fluctuated between 420 and 800 tonnes per day when measured during 9-14 June. The background rate is 150-200 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 June-10 June 2008

Based on visual observations from HVO crews and web camera views, HVO reported that during 4-10 June lava flowed SE through a lava tube system underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Incandescence was occasionally noted from the TEB vent area. Gas continued to jet from a vent about 30 m below Pu'u 'O'o crater's E rim. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was generally high and fluctuated between 1,530 and 3,080 tonnes per day when measured on 3, 5, 6, and 9 June. The background rate was about 2,000 tonnes per day when measured on 25 May and earlier.

During the reporting period, Kilauea summit earthquakes were located beneath the summit, along the S-flank fault, and along SW rift zones. An average of 10-20 small earthquakes (not located) were detected daily. The eruption from the vent in Halema'uma'u Crater continued to produce white plumes with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. During the night incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. Seismic tremor was elevated. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was high and fluctuated between 680 and 1,160 tonnes per day when measured during 3-9 June. The background rate was 150-200 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 May-3 June 2008

Based on visual observations from HVO crews and web camera views, HVO reported that during 28 May-3 June lava flowed SE through a lava tube system underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Incandescence was occasionally noted from the TEB vent area. Gas continued to jet from a vent about 30 m below Pu'u 'O'o crater's E rim. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was high and fluctuated between 2,740 and 4,700 tonnes per day when measured on 27 and 30 May. The background rate was about 2,000 tonnes per day when measured on 25 May and earlier.

During the reporting period, Kilauea summit earthquakes were located along the S-flank fault and along the E and SW rift zones. The eruption from the vent in Halema'uma'u Crater continued to produce white plumes with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. During the night incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. Seismic tremor was elevated. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was high and fluctuated between 550 and 1,840 tonnes per day when measured during 27-31 May and 2 June. The background rate was 150-200 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 May-27 May 2008

Based on observations during helicopter overflights, visual observations from HVO and National Park Service (NPS) crews, and web camera views, HVO reported that during 21-27 May lava flowed SE through a lava tube system underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Incandescence was occasionally noted from the TEB vent area. An overflight of Pu'u 'O'o crater on 23 May revealed that a new gas vent about 30 m below the E rim jetted gas at temperatures as high as 600 degrees Celsius.

During the reporting period, Kilauea summit earthquakes were located beneath the Halema'uma'u crater, S of the summit, along the S-flank and Koa'e faults, SW of Hi'iaka Crater, and along the SW rift zone. The eruption from the vent in Halema'uma'u Crater continued to produce white plumes with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. During most nights incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. Seismic tremor was elevated. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was high and fluctuated between 990 and 1,540 tonnes per day when measured during 23-25 May. The background rate was 150-200 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 May-20 May 2008

Based on visual observations from HVO and National Park Service (NPS) crews and web camera views, HVO reported that during 14-20 May lava flowed SE through a lava tube system underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Incandescence was occasionally noted from the TEB vent area. Spatter at the Waikupanaha ocean entry built a second littoral cone.

During the reporting period, Kilauea summit earthquakes were located beneath the Halema'uma'u crater, W of the summit, along the S-flank faults, and along the SW rift zone. The eruption from the vent in Halema'uma'u Crater continued to produce white plumes with minor ash content that drifted mainly NE and occasionally SW. During most nights incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. Seismic tremor was elevated. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was high and fluctuated between 1,320 and 680 tonnes per day when measured on 17 and 18 May, respectively. The background rate was 150-200 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 May-13 May 2008

Based on observations during helicopter overflights, visual observations from HVO and National Park Service (NPS) crews, and web camera views, HVO reported that during 7-13 May lava flowed SE through a lava tube system underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Incandescence was occasionally noted from the TEB vent area. During 10-13 May, spatter at the Waikupanaha ocean entry was propelled 20-30 m high and built a littoral cone.

During the reporting period, Kilauea summit earthquakes were located beneath the Halema'uma'u crater, N of the summit, along the S-flank faults, and along the SW and E rift zones. The eruption from the vent in Halema'uma'u Crater continued to produce white plumes with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. During most nights incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. Seismic tremor was elevated. During 11-12 May, the summit tiltmeter network recorded the tenth 'deflation-inflation' (DI) tilt event since the emergence of the new vent in Halema`uma`u Crater and the seventeenth so far in 2008.The sulfur dioxide emission rate was high and fluctuated between 590 and 1,100 tonnes per day during 6-12 May. The background rate was 150-200 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 April-6 May 2008

Based on visual observations from HVO and National Park Service (NPS) crews and web camera views, HVO reported that during 30 April-6 May lava flowed SE through a lava tube system underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entry. On 4 May, lava flows from breakouts on the pali reached the coastal plain. Kilauea summit earthquakes were located beneath the Halema'uma'u crater, along the S-flank faults, and along the SW and E rift zones. The eruption from the vent in Halema'uma'u Crater continued to produce white plumes with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. During most nights incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. Seismic tremor was elevated. The sulfur dioxide emission rate was high and fluctuated between 540 and 1,250 tonnes per day during 30 April-5 May. The background rate was 150-200 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 April-29 April 2008

Based on observations during helicopter overflights, visual observations from HVO and National Park Service (NPS) crews, and web camera views, HVO reported that during 23-29 April lava flowed SE through a lava tube system underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entry. Incandescence from breakouts along the lava-tube system was noted on 23 April.

During the reporting period, Kilauea summit earthquakes were located beneath the Halema'uma'u vent, beneath the S Kilauea caldera, NW of Pahala, along the S-flank faults, and along the SW rift zone. The eruption from the vent in Halema'uma'u Crater continued to produce white plumes with minor ash content that drifted mainly SW. During most nights incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. Seismic tremor was elevated.

Sulfur dioxide emission rates from the summit area have been elevated at 2-4 times background values since early January. On 28 April, the emission rate at the summit was 1,910 tonnes per day, compared to a background rate of 150-200 tonnes per day. According to news articles, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park closed during 24-25 April due to elevated levels of sulfur dioxide. About 2,000 people were evacuated from the Park.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Associated Press

16 April-22 April 2008

Based on observations during helicopter overflights, visual observations from HVO and National Park Service (NPS) crews, and web camera views, HVO reported that during 16-22 April lava flowed SE through a lava tube system underneath Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex to the Waikupanaha ocean entries. The Ki ocean entry was inactive during 19-22 April. Occasionally, incandescence from breakouts along the lava-tube system was noted.

During the reporting period, Kilauea summit earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u Crater, beneath Napau Crater, along the S-flank faults, and along the upper E and SW rift zones. The eruption from the vent in Halema'uma'u Crater continued to produce white ash plumes that drifted mainly SW. During most nights incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. On 16 April, a small explosion from the vent ejected ash onto the overlook parking lot and on a portion of Crater Rim drive. Seismic tremor was elevated.

Sulfur dioxide emission rates from the summit area have been elevated at 2-4 times background values since early January. The emission rate fluctuated between 870 and 1150 tonnes per day during 15-21 April, compared to a background rate of 150-200 tonnes per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 April-15 April 2008

Based on observations during helicopter overflights, visual observations from HVO and National Park Service (NPS) crews, and web camera views, HVO reported that during 9-15 April lava flow activity from Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) and rootless shield complex was mostly concentrated at multiple locations of the Waikupanaha and Ki ocean entries. Occasionally, incandescence from a skylight adjacent to the TEB vents and from breakouts along the lava-tube system was noted.

During the reporting period, Kilauea summit earthquakes were located beneath the summit, along the S-flank faults, and along the upper E rift zones. The eruption from the vent in Halema'uma'u Crater continued to produce white ash plumes that drifted mainly SW. During most nights incandescence was seen at the base of the plume. On 10 April, a small explosion from the vent ejected incandescent blocks to the rim of the crater, about 70 m above, and enlarged the vent by 5-10 ms. Seismic tremor was elevated.

Sulfur dioxide emission rates from the summit area have been elevated at 2-4 times background values since early January. The emission rate fluctuated between 575 and 890 tonnes per day during 10-14 April, compared to a background rate of 150-200 tonnes per day. At Pu'u 'O'o crater the emission rate was between 1,760 and 2,750 tonnes during 8-13 April. According to news articles, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park was closed during 8-9 April due to elevated levels of sulfur dioxide.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Associated Press

2 April-8 April 2008

Based on observations during helicopter overflights, visual observations from HVO and National Park Service (NPS) crews, and web camera views, HVO reported that during 2-8 April lava flow activity from Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield was mostly concentrated at the E Waikupanaha, W Waikupanaha, and Ki ocean entries. Spattering and small steam explosions were intermittently reported. Occasionally, incandescence from a skylight adjacent to the TEB vents and from breakouts along the lava-tube system was noted. Diffuse incandescence was seen on the web camera at Pu'u 'O'o crater during 2-4 and 7-8 April.

During the reporting period, Kilauea summit earthquakes were located beneath Halema`uma`u Crater, beneath the summit to the S and W, along the S-flank faults, and along the SW and E rift zones. The eruption from the vent in Halema'uma'u Crater continued to produce brown or white ash plumes that drifted mainly SW. During most nights incandescence was seen at the base of the plume and incandescent fragments were ejected from the vent. Based on pilot observations, the Washington VAAC reported that the plumes rose to altitudes of 3.4-3.8 km (11,200-12,500 ft) a.s.l. on 5 and 7 April. Seismic tremor was elevated.

Sulfur dioxide emission rates from the summit area have been elevated at 2-4 times background values since early January. The emission rate fluctuated between 480-800 tonnes per day during 2-7 April, compared to a background rate of 150-200 tonnes per day. At Pu'u 'O'o crater the emission rate was 1,300 tonnes on 5 April.

According to a news report, the Hawaii County Civil Defense issued a health advisory on 7 April for those living downwind of Halema'uma'u and Pu'u 'O'o craters. Residents of specified areas were then advised by the State Department of Health to evacuate because of projected dangerous level of sulfur dioxide. Residents of other areas were put on alert.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), Honolulu Advertiser

26 March-1 April 2008

Based on visual observations from HVO and National Park Service (NPS) crews as well as web camera views, HVO reported that during 26 March-1 April lava flow activity from Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield was mostly concentrated at multiple points along the Waikupanaha and Ki ocean entries. Incandescence from the TEB vent was noted. During 25-26 March, an active lava flow was spotted SE of Kalalua Cone. Diffuse incandescence was seen on the web camera in Pu'u 'O'o crater.

During the reporting period, Kilauea summit earthquakes were located beneath Halema`uma`u Crater, beneath the summit to the W, along the S-flank faults, and along the SW and E rift zones. The eruption from the vent in Halema'uma'u Crater continued to produce brown ash plumes that turned white for periods of time on 27, 28, and 31 March and on 1 April. Analysis of ash from the white plumes revealed that there was more volcanic glass than ash from the brown plumes. The plumes drifted mostly SW. Incandescence was seen at the base of the plume during the night. During 29 March-1 April, incandescent fragments were ejected from the vent.

Sulfur dioxide emission rates from the summit area have been elevated at 2-4 times background values since early January. The emission rate fluctuated between 700-1,500 tonnes per day during 26-31 March, compared to a background rate of 150-200 tonnes per day.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

19 March-25 March 2008

Based on visual observations from HVO and National Park Service (NPS) crews as well as web camera views, HVO reported that during 19-25 March lava flow activity from Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield was mostly concentrated in and near the Royal Gardens subdivision and at multiple points along the Waikupanaha and Ki ocean entries. Lava flows advanced eastward over an old sea cliff and onto the 1990 lava delta, and were 120 m W of the viewing area on 23 March. Flows through a kipuka produced fires during 18-22 March.

During the reporting period, Kilauea summit earthquakes were located beneath the S-half of the caldera, beneath Halema`uma`u Crater, N of Pu'u 'O'o, along the S-flank faults, and along the SW rift zone. At 0258 on 19 March, an explosion from Halema'uma'u Crater scattered debris over an area of about 75 acres (30 hectares), covering a portion of Crater Rim Drive and damaging the overlook. On Crater Rim Drive, the debris was up to 2 cm in diameter and increased in size and thickness towards the overlook. The largest block ejected during the explosion was about 1 cubic meter. Small impact craters from 30-cm-blocks were abundant in the overlook area. The event was the first explosive activity in the crater since 1924. During 19-24 March, seismic tremor levels were elevated above their already high pre-explosion levels and incandescence at the gas vent was intermittent. Small incandescent tephra particles erupted from the vent overnight during 23-24 March and were deposited on the rim of the crater. On 24 March, the gas plume from the vent became ash-laden and rose to an altitude of about 2.8 km (9,200 ft) a.s.l. The plumes drifted SW. Geologists found Pele's hair, Pele's tears, and spatter in the overlook area. The largest spatter was 10 cm in diameter. During 24-25 March, overnight observers reported incandescence at the base of the continuous ash plume. Based on a pilot observation, the Washington VAAC reported that ash plumes rose to an altitude of 2 km (6,500 ft) a.s.l. on 25 March and drifted SW. The eruption was the first to produce lava in Halema'uma'u since 1982.

Sulfur dioxide emission rates from the summit area have been elevated at 2-4 times background values since early January. The emission rate fluctuated between 1,200-2,200 tonnes per day during 18-23 March, compared to a background rate of 150-200 tonnes per day. On 23 March, the emission rate was 2,200 tonnes per day at Pu'u 'O'o. Sulfur dioxide concentrations were mostly below detection limits at the Jaggar museum and the Kilauea Visitors Center.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)

12 March-18 March 2008

Based on visual observations from HVO and National Park Service (NPS) crews as well as web camera views, HVO reported that during 12-18 March lava flow activity from Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield was concentrated at rootless satellitic shields to the SE, in and near the Royal Gardens subdivision, and at ocean entries. During 12-13 March, lava flows entered the ocean at multiple locations on the Waikupanaha delta and at a new location 100 m E. A breakout from the E margin near the access road split into two lobes, surrounded and destroyed existing structures and covered the access road, and entered a nearby kipuka. On 14 March, lava entered the ocean at two primary Waikupanaha delta locations; the W delta was 600 m wide. An overflight revealed that the Kalalua flow (from the rootless shield complex to the E and SE of the TEB shield) advanced 240 m since 6 March. Lobes from the E-margin lava flows advanced SE into the kipuka and S of the access road, and entered the ocean during 14-15 March. Breakout lava flows were visible inland of the Waikupanaha and new ocean entires, at the base of Royal Gardens, and near the top of the pali. During 15-18 March, lava flows entered the ocean at multiple locations on the Waikupanaha delta and at a new location, 200 m W of the viewing area, named the Ki entry. On 17 March, breakouts and burned vegetation were visible within 1 km of the ocean entries.

During the reporting period, Kilauea summit earthquakes were located E of Halema'uma'u crater, along the S-flank faults, and along the SW and lower E rift zones. Sometime during 10-12 March, a new gas vent appeared just above the base of the E wall of Halema'uma'u crater. During 14-18 March, incandescence from the gas vent originated from a spot about 30 m wide within the rubble at the base of the E crater wall. Cracking rocks, possibly due to the heat, were heard by scientists at the Halema'uma'u overlook. On 17 March, the area of incandescence appeared slightly enlarged with a new area higher on the crater wall and to the N.

Sulfur dioxide emission rates from the summit area have been elevated at 2-4 times background values since early January. The emission rate abruptly increased on 12 March and fluctuated between 1,600-2,500 tonnes per day during 12-16 March, compared to a background rate of 150-200 tonnes per day. On 16 March, emission rates reached 2,500 tonnes per day, the highest recorded at Kilauea's summit since measurements began in 1979.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 March-11 March 2008

Based on visual observations and web camera views when weather permitted, HVO reported that during 5-11 March lava flow activity from Kilauea's Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield was concentrated at rootless satellitic shields to the E and SE, in the Royal Gardens subdivision, and at two ocean entries. A lava flow from the rootless shield complex traveled E towards Kalalua. Earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, along the S-flank faults, beneath the summit, and along the SW rift zones.

During 4-6 March, the TEB flow expanded E above and within Royal Gardens, and also split into two 100-m-wide lobes (E and W) about 150 m N of the County access road. According to local sources, at about 2330 local time on 5 March the W lobe entered the ocean at the Waikupanaha entry, named for a nearby pond that was covered by lava in the 1990s. During 7-11 March, incandescence was visible from vents on top of two of the SE satellitic shields. On 8 March, the W lobe continued to build a delta; the E lobe was 470 m from the ocean. A public viewing area with excellent views of the pahoehoe flows opened. On 9 March, the Waikupanaha entry steamed from four points, but small streams of lava were only visible entering the ocean in the evening. The delta was 500 m wide and extended 100-150 m out into the ocean. During 9-10 March, smoke plumes and incandescence from Royal Gardens suggested that active breakouts from the tube system had possibly diminished the amount of lava arriving at the ocean. Diffuse incandescence was observed on the web camera in Pu'u 'O'o crater on 10 and 11 March.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 February-4 March 2008

Based on observations during overflights, and web camera views when weather permitted, HVO reported that during 27 February-4 March activity from Kilauea's fissure segment D was concentrated at the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield and satellitic shields to the E and SE. A pahoehoe flow ponded between the rootless shields and Kalalua Cone. Two lava flow lobes advanced through Royal Gardens subdivision and destroyed three abandoned homes by 28 February. One lobe reached the base of the Royal Gardens kipuka and Campout flow from early 2007.On 1 March the lobes merged and cut off the road access to the homes of the last two known residents. Incandescence from the TEB vent was noted during 29 February and 2-3 March.

Diffuse incandescence was observed in Pu'u 'O'o crater through the fume during 27 February and 1-3 March. Earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, along the S-flank faults, beneath the summit, N of Makaopuhi crater, and along the upper E and SW rift zones. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from the summit area were elevated at 2-4 times background values where levels have been since early January. The emission rate was about 970 tonnes per day on 3 March, compared to a background rate of 150-200 tons per day.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 February-26 February 2008

Based on observations during overflights, and web camera views when weather permitted, HVO reported that during 20-26 February activity from Kilauea's fissure segment D was concentrated at the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield and satellitic shields to the E and SE. A lava flow from the shields traveled E towards Kalalua. A pahoehoe lava flow from the SE rootless shield was observed 250 m S of the northern boundary of the Royal Gardens subdivision during an overflight on 20 February. During 25-26 February, lava flows advanced through the subdivision. Diffuse incandescence was observed in Pu'u 'O'o crater through the fume during 20-22 February. Earthquakes were located E of and beneath Halema'uma'u crater, along the S-flank faults, beneath the summit, N of the summit, and along the SW rift zones.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 February-19 February 2008

Based on observations during overflights, and web camera views when weather permitted, HVO reported that during 13-19 February activity from Kilauea's fissure segment D was concentrated at the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield and new satellitic shields to the E and SE. On 15 February, a broad pahoehoe flow traveled E from the main complex of shields. During 15-18 February, a lava flow traveled SE from a rootless shield (number 6) towards the N boundary of the Royal Gardens subdivision. Diffuse incandescence was observed in Pu'u 'O'o crater through the fume during 17-19 February. Earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, along the S-flank faults, beneath the summit, and along the E and SW rift zones.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 February-12 February 2008

Based on field observations, and web camera views when weather permitted, HVO reported that during 6-12 February activity from Kilauea's fissure segment D was concentrated at the perched lava channel, the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield, and satellitic shields to the SE. Lava flows issued from the tops and flanks of the shields. Lava in the original perched lava channel, formed from the 21 July fissure eruption, overflowed the NW and reached a forested area on 8 February; smoke was seen through the web camera. Incandescence was observed in Pu'u 'O'o crater for less than 10 minutes at a time every day during 6-8 February. A few earthquakes were located beneath the summit, the adjacent flank of Mauna Loa, and along the S-flank faults.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 January-5 February 2008

Based on observations during overflights, and web camera views when weather permitted, HVO reported that during 30 January-5 February activity from Kilauea's fissure segment D was concentrated at the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield and satellitic shields to the SE. Lava flows issued from the tops and flanks of the shields. Lava in the original perched lava channel, formed from the 21 July fissure eruption, overflowed the N end. On 30 January, the channelized 'a'a lava flow from a rootless shield that collapsed on 26 January advanced, burning small kipukas and another small area of the Royal Gardens subdivision. The lava flow was inactive the next day. During 30-31 February, the rootless shields at the SE end of the field (within 2 km of fissure D) issued abundant lava flows overnight. The lava pond within the Shield-4 collapse overflowed several times; lava flows advanced S.

Incandescence was observed in Pu'u 'O'o crater for less than 10 minutes at a time every day during the reporting period. A few small earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater and along the S-flank faults, SW rift zone, and upper E rift zone.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 January-29 January 2008

Based on observations during overflights, and web camera views when weather permitted, HVO reported that during 23-29 January activity from Kilauea's fissure segment D was concentrated at the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield and satellitic shields to the SE. Lava flows issued from the tops and flanks of the shields. A crusted lava pond a few meters below the rim of the TEB shield was seen during an over flight on 25 January. A lava flow that advanced 1 km and started another rootless shield was also spotted during the aerial observations. On 28 January, low lava fountaining was seen from the TEB vent and a couple of the shields. The original perched lava channel formed from the 21 July fissure eruption refilled and overflowed the N end. On 29 January, a channelized 'a'a lava flow from a rootless shield that collapsed on 26 January advanced about 0.6 km into the Royal Gardens subdivision. The new 29 January flows mostly moved over older lava.

Incandescence was observed in Pu'u 'O'o crater for less than 10 minutes at a time every day during the reporting period. During 22-23 January, the summit tiltmeter network recorded the first DI (deflation-inflation) tilt event that coinciding with rain. A few small earthquakes were located along the S-flank faults and SW rift zone.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 January-22 January 2008

Based on overflights and web camera views when weather permitted, HVO reported that during 16-22 January activity from Kilauea's fissure segment D was concentrated at the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield and satellitic shields to the SE. Lava flows from the tops and flanks of the shields traveled S and E. During 16-19 January, incandescence was observed in Pu'u 'O'o crater for less than 10 minutes at a time. During 18-19 January, the summit tiltmeter network recorded the first DI (deflation-inflation) tilt event since October 2007. A few small earthquakes were located beneath the summit, Halema'uma'u crater, and Pulama pali, and along the upper and lower E rift zones and S-flank fault.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 January-15 January 2008

Based on overflights and web camera views when weather permitted, HVO reported that during 2-8 January activity from Kilauea's fissure segment D was concentrated at the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield and satellitic shields to the SE. Lava flows were noted from the tops and flanks of the shields and traveled S and E. On 8 January, the SE-most shield breached on the SE flank and issued a vigorous and channelized 'a'a lava flow. The 'a'a flow advanced SE during 8-10 January and stalled approximately 480-650 m from the upper reaches of the Royal Gardens subdivision on 10 January. On 13 January, one of four narrow and secondary lava flows initiated from the 8 January 'a'a flow, advancing along the E margin to 180 m N of the subdivision.

According to a news article, most of the upper portion of the Royal Gardens subdivision was abandoned after lava flows cut the highway that provided access to the subdivision during Kilauea's ongoing 25-year eruption. County officials later cleared a path through the cooled lava for a few remaining residents.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), The Honolulu Advertiser

2 January-8 January 2008

Based on overflights and web camera views when weather permitted, HVO reported that during 2-8 January activity from fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption was concentrated at the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield and two satellitic shields to the SE. Lava flows traveled S and stalled within 2.2 km SE of fissure D. From 21 July 2007 to 4 January 2008, the Pu'u 'O'o cone contracted about 0.45 m, based on interpretation of GPS data. Incandescent flashes at the top of the TEB shield were visible during 4-6 January and one short lava flow to the N was detected on 6 January. On 7 January, a lava pond was seen in a vent on top of the TEB shield during an overflight. During 7-8 January, brief flashes and one lava overflow at the top of the shield was seen on the web camera. Tremor remained low below Pu'u 'O'o crater. A few small earthquakes were located beneath the summit and along the S-flank fault.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 December-1 January 2008

Based on overflights and web camera views when weather permitted, HVO reported that during 25 December -1 January activity from fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption was concentrated at the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield and two satellitic shields to the SE. Short lava flows were noted to the SE and N. During 25-26 December, bursts of high-frequency tremor were noted every 70-90 minutes and interpreted as episodic spattering events near fissure D. Incandescence was visible from one of the lava seeps E of the perched lava channel on 1 January. Tremor remained low below Pu'u 'O'o crater. A few small earthquakes were located beneath the summit and along the S-flank fault, SW rift zone, and E rift zone.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 December-25 December 2007

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 December-18 December 2007

Based on overflights and web camera views, HVO reported that fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption continued to feed perched lava ponds within a lava flow that frequently overflowed its channel edges during 12-18 December. An overflight on 13 December revealed that flows from the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) were limited to breakouts at the base of the shield and were not active past 800 m from the source. Lava spattered and overturned in Pond 1 and overflowed the rim. On 16 December, a 4-5-m-high hornito at the summit of the TEB shield was active. On 17 December, lava from the TEB was about 1.1 km SE from fissure D and fume puffed from the top of the shield about every 15-20 minutes when visible. During 17-18 December, crust overturned in a new lava pond that had formed from a seep on the E side of Pond 3, and lava in the pond overflowed the margins. A few small earthquakes were located beneath the summit, and along the upper and lower E rift zones and S-flank fault.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 December-11 December 2007

HVO reported that web camera views of fissure D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption were mostly blocked by fog and fumes during 5-9 December. A brief view on 5 December revealed several overflows on the W side of Pond 1, a perched lava pond in the eruption channel formed by fissure D. A pilot report from an overflight on 6 December noted that all of the activity was close to fissure D and none of the SE Thanksgiving Eve breakout (TEB) flows traveled beyond 1.5 km. On 8 December, minor incandescence was observed in Pu'u 'O'o crater for the first time since 31 August, and was accompanied by a possible inflationary signal. Clear web camera views on 9 and 10 December revealed that the TEB shield continued to build vertically and was an estimated 15 m high. A few small earthquakes were located beneath the summit area and along the upper E rift zone and S-flank fault.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 November-4 December 2007

Based on overflights and web camera views, HVO reported that fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption continued to feed a lava channel and perched lava ponds that occasionally overflowed their edges during 28 November-3 December. Views were blocked by fumes on 4 December. The small lava pond at the top of the Thanksgiving Eve Breakout (TEB) shield, built directly over the fissure, occasionally overflowed and fed lava flows in multiple directions. On 1 December, one of these flows was L-shaped and 2.1 km long, but mostly active within the upper 800 m. A few small earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater and along the SW rift zone and S-flank fault.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 November-13 November 2007

Based on overflights and web camera views, HVO reported that fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption continued to feed an advancing lava flow that frequently overflowed its channel edges during 7-13 November. Lava tubes traveling E and S continued to burn kipukas N and SE of Pu'u Kia'i. Built-up and overturned crust in a lava pond nearest to the vent caused spattering to heights of 8-10 m during 10-11 November. A few small earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater and along the S-flank fault during the reporting period. During 11-12 November, several earthquakes were located in an area between the Holei and Hilina palis.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

31 October-6 November 2007

HVO reported that during 31 October-6 November fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption continued to feed an advancing lava flow that frequently overflowed its channel edges. Small breakouts from a lava tube continued to slowly burn a kipuka about 1.2 km N of the main channel's end. An E-traveling lava tube supplied flows that burned into a small kipuka and forested areas. A few small earthquakes were located beneath the summit area, Halema'uma'u crater, and along the E rift zone and S-flank faults during the reporting period. During 3-4 November, an unusually large number of earthquakes were located beneath the S-flank faults. Tremor remained low below the summit and Pu'u 'O'o crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 October-30 October 2007

HVO reported that during 24-30 October fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption continued to feed an advancing lava flow that frequently overflowed its channel edges. Aerial observations on 26 October confirmed that a tube-fed pahoehoe flow along the N margin of the main channel advanced 2.4 km from the channel end. A few small earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, and along the lower SW rift zone and S flank faults during the reporting period. Tremor remained low below the summit and Pu'u 'O'o crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 October-23 October 2007

HVO reported that during 17-23 October fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption continued to feed an advancing lava flow that frequently overflowed its channel edges. Activity was concentrated at the NE end of the channel where 200-500-m-long pahoehoe lobes built out in a fan shape to the NW, N, and SE. On 23 October, a lava flow traveled 1.5 km and entered the remains of a kipuka along the N margin of the flow field. A few small earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater and the S flank during the reporting period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 October-16 October 2007

HVO reported that during 10-16 October fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption continued to feed an advancing lava flow that occasionally overflowed its channel edges. Lava flows advanced NE and along the S margin of earlier flows. Aerial observations on 12 October revealed that the S margin of the flow field was mostly inactive. A few small earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater and the S flank during the reporting period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 October-9 October 2007

HVO reported that during 3-9 October fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption continued to feed an advancing 'a'a lava flow that occasionally overflowed its channel edges. Lava flows advanced NE over earlier flows and along the S margin of earlier flows. On 3 October, aerial observations revealed that the lava flow along the S margin burned trees in a kipuka (an "island" of vegetation). A few small earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater and the S flank during the reporting period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 September-2 October 2007

HVO reported that during 26 September-2 October fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption continued to feed an advancing 'a'a lava flow that occasionally overflowed its channel edges. Lava flows that were advancing E and NE from the lower section of the channel shifted S during 26-27 September and burned a bit of kipuka (an "island" of vegetation) during 28 September-1 October. A few small earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, the summit area, and the S flank during the reporting period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 September-25 September 2007

HVO reported that during 19-25 September fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption continued to feed an advancing 'a'a lava flow that occasionally overflowed its channel edges. Several of the lava flows that branched from the main channel continued to advance, widening and lengthening the flow field. A few small earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, the upper E rift zone, the S flank, and the lower SW rift zone during the reporting period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 September-18 September 2007

HVO reported that during 12-18 September fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption continued to feed an advancing 'a'a lava flow that frequently overflowed its channel edges. Several of the lava flows that branched from the main channel continued to advance, widening the flow field. An 'a'a flow that developed within the previous two weeks crusted over and pahoehoe breakouts issued from near the flow front on 14 September. A few small earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, the S flank, and the lower SW rift zone during the reporting period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 September-11 September 2007

HVO reported that during 5-11 September fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption continued to feed an advancing 'a'a lava flow that frequently overflowed its channel edges. Several of the lava flows that branched from the main channel continued to advance. A section of the lava flow's channel collapsed during 6-7 September, and several new lava flows branched away and advanced less than 1 km. On 8 September, the level of the lava in the channel was about 3-8 m below the previous level before the channel was breached. On 9 September, the channel was again full and overflowing. On 11 September, a breakout occurred at the fissure vent of segment D, sending a small lava flow to the S. A few small earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, the S flank, and the SW rift zone during the reporting period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 August-4 September 2007

HVO reported that during 29 August-4 September fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption continued to feed an advancing 'a'a lava flow that frequently overflowed its channel edges. During 29-30 August, a few small collapses within the Pu'u 'O'o' s crater were detected by seismometers. Incandescence in the crater was visible on the web camera on 31 August. Small earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, the lower SW rift zone, the N and W summit area, and the S flank during the reporting period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 August-28 August 2007

HVO reported that fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption continued to feed an advancing 'a'a lava flow during 22-28 August. In the last several weeks, four 'a'a flows had started from the open lava channel fed by Fissure D. From the second flow, each had advanced along the N edge of the previous one. The first two flows advanced a total of 6.3 km from the fissure source by 24 August. On 25 August, HVO geologists confirmed that the first three flows were inactive and the fourth flow had advanced 300 m and burned vegetation at the forest edge. During 25-26 August, the channel overflowed at a point about 1 km from the vent and spread along a section of the channel about 200-300 m long. During 27-28 August, the fourth flow was about 5.1 km from the vent and continued to advance.

Incandescence was visible on the web camera from E and W vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater on 24 and 26 August. Small earthquakes were predominantly located beneath Halema'uma'u crater and the S flank during the reporting period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 August-21 August 2007

HVO reported that fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption continued to feed an advancing 'a'a lava flow during 15-21 August. Aerial observations on 17 August revealed that the first 'a'a flow had advanced 24 m since 13 August but was inactive. The second 'a'a channel had advanced 2.3 km along the N side of the first flow. Smoke from burning vegetation was visible near the flow front. On 18 August, a new and widening crack was seen on the rim of Pu'u 'O'o crater. A few small earthquakes were located beneath the summit, Halema'uma'u crater, and the S flank.

On 14 August, approximately 17.8 hectares (44 acres) of the East Lae'apuki bench collapsed, possibly due to a M 5.4 earthquake, high surf from hurricane Flossie, or a combination of both.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 August-14 August 2007

HVO reported that fissure segment D from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption remained active during 8-14 August. The 'a'a flow from segment D advanced 760 m during 8-11 August and overflowed the N side of the channel multiple times during 10-12 August. On 13 August, an extension of the lava flow formed in an area of frequent overflows. Smoke from burning vegetation was visible near the flow front. Fissure segment C produced small lava flows during 8-10 August but only fumes during 11-14 August.

Incandescence was visible on the web camera from E and W vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater on 11 August. A few small earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, the S flank, and the SW rift zone during 8-13 August. On 13 August, a M 5.4 earthquake was located beneath the S flank at a depth of 9 km.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 August-7 August 2007

HVO reported that two of the four fissures from Kilauea's 21 July fissure eruption remained active during 1-7 August. The four fissures, A, B, C, and D, consecutively segment an approximately 2 km-long line that trends NE; fissure A is to the SE and fissure D is to the NE. During the reporting period, fissure C minimally fed a perched lava pond. Fissure D fed a NE-advancing 'a'a lava flow that was an estimated 3.5 km long on 1 August. The 'a'a flow entered the forest on 6 August as evident by smoke near the flow front.

Fuming was seen on Pu'u 'O'o's crater web camera images on 4, 5, and 7 August. A few small earthquakes were located beneath Halema'uma'u crater, the S flank, and an area offshore between Kilauea and Lo'ihi during 1-7 August.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 July-31 July 2007

An important new eruption initiated at Kilauea very early on 21 July. It occurred along the E rift zone from fissures trending ENE for several kilometers from Pu'u O'o. The fissures caused drainage of both the West Gap lava lake and the Puka Nui pit. These and following events have come to be called the 21 July eruption and an associated fissure system by the same name.

As of 25 July, the 21 July eruption included instability at Pu'u 'O'o, fissuring along an NE-trending zone stretching a bit over 2 km in length, and lava flows over an area of a little over 1 km2.

A noteworthy feature of this eruption during the week 25-31 July was the formation of a series of perched ponds of lava. These formed as the edges of pools of lava hardened to create confining walls. These walls enable the pond's surface to be much higher--in some cases as much as 5 m (15 feet) higher than the surrounding land--like a volcanic above-ground swimming pool. During the 21 July eruption the walls of these perched ponds breached repeatedly, allowing lava to suddenly flood surrounding terrain. For example, at least three perched lava ponds breached by the 25th, each breakage spawning radially directed lava flows. Other small lava flows also emerged from fissures during the week as well.

The behavior of the perched ponds is difficult to judge and accordingly, around the start of this week the area was closed to the public. The eruption resided completely within the Kahauale'a Natural Area Reserve (just NE of the Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park).

On the morning of the 26th, an M 3.2 earthquake occurred on the lower E rift zone, beneath Pu'ulena crater, at a depth of 3 km (2 miles). Lava ponds again formed in the area surrounding the fissures but views of the process were hampered by foul weather. The HVO update for 31 July noted two prominent lava ponds then. In addition, one of the fissures fed an 'a'a flow advancing to the NE around the N side of Kupaianaha.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 July-24 July 2007

During 18-21 July, the E vent and dominant W vent in Kilauea's Pu'u 'O'o produced lava flows. On 18 July, new vents opened in the Puka Nui pit, in the SSW area of Pu'u 'O'o crater, and produced lava flows that ponded. On 20 July, a vent high on the S crater wall, adjacent to the Puka Nui Gap pit, produced spatter and propelled lava bombs 10 m into the air. Meanwhile, the lava lake in the West Gap pit continued to fill, overturn, and occasionally overflow. The spatter cone that built up around the S wall vent in West Gap pit was submerged beneath the lava lake surface on 20 July. Uplift of the crater interior continued. Earthquakes occurred beneath the upper E rift zone, S flank, and Halema'umau crater.

On 20 July, just before midnight, Pu'u 'O'o's crater floor started to subside; a tiltmeter recorded a nearly 300 microradian tilt change. Just after midnight, on 21 July, the West Gap lava lake and Puka Nui pit drained. A new eruption initiated along a set of fissures that extended 1.7 km E from a point about 150 m E of the E rim of Pu'u 'O'o crater. Preliminary reports described two 600-800 m long, left-stepping fissures between Pu'u 'O'o and Kupaianaha. The easternmost fissure fed two lava flows; the farthest extent of the flow was 1-1.5 miles from the fissure in the SE direction.

On 22 July, HVO reported that the westernmost fissure was inactive by mid-morning on 21 July and the uppermost segment of the active lower fissure was completely sealed by mid-morning on 22 July. The rest of the fissure erupted lava, constructing several small perched ponds. A perched pond at the upper segment of the active fissure breached and produced an a'a' flow that traveled 300-400 m to the E. At Pu'u 'O'o crater, several new cracks were observed around its rim, parts of which had collapsed. During 23-24 July, lava ponds surrounding lower fissure segments grew in thickness and spilled lava over their edges.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 July-17 July 2007

The W vent and dominant E vent in Kilauea's Pu'u 'O'o crater fed a growing lava lake during 11-13 July. Levees built up from overflows during 11-12 July. On the S wall of West Gap pit, intermittent incandescence and fuming from new vents that opened were observed during 13-14 July. On 14 July, the level of the lava lake dropped but remained active near the E vent. On 15 July, the E and W vents erupted small lava flows that drained onto the solidifying lava lake bed. Low lava fountains were observed from West Gap pit. During 15-17 July, lava filled the pit and overflowed into the main crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 July-10 July 2007

On 2 July, HVO scientists confirmed new lava flows at the bottom of Kilauea's Pu'u 'O'o crater and raised the Volcanic Alert Level from Advisory to Watch and Aviation Color Code from Yellow to Orange. During 3-10 July, the lava lake grew and was active. On 6 July, two vents that fed the growing lava lake were identified: the W vent near the former Beehive location and the E vent near the former East Pond location. On 8 July, a small area of crust in the lava lake intermittently fumed.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 June-3 July 2007

During 27 June-2 July, views of Kilauea's Pu'u 'O'o crater were obscured by steam. Active lava was not visible anywhere on the flow field or at the site of the 18-19 June eruption. Fuming from the W base of Kane Nui o Hamo and diffuse patches of rain-induced steaming were visible on the Mauna Ulu web camera.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 June-26 June 2007

During 20-26 June, incandescence was not visible from the vents in Kilauea's Pu'u 'O'o crater. A tiltmeter at Pu'u 'O'o continued to show steady tilting inward toward the crater, and the crater floor was estimated to have subsided 100 m between 17 and 21 June.

On 19 June, new ground cracks were discovered in an area west of Mauna Ulu. On 20 June, HVO scientists measured sulfur dioxide concentrations greater than 10 parts per million (ppm) in a broad area adjacent to Halema'uma'u crater. Typical concentrations are generally negligible except for areas downwind of Halema'uma'u crater, where they can get up to 2.5 ppm in narrow zones. On 21 June, scientists confirmed that lava was not entering the ocean at the Poupou entry.

During 21-26 June lava was not visible anywhere on the flow field or at the site of the 18/19 June eruption. The crack W of Kane Nui o Hamo continued to emit steam and fume. The summit area continued to inflate very slowly and seismic tremor values at Pu'u 'O'o were below pre-June 17 levels. On 25 June, sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions were at approximately pre-June 17 levels after a gradual decline. HVO lowered the Volcanic Alert Level from Watch to Advisory and Aviation Color Code from Orange to Yellow. Aerial observation revealed that steaming from the site of the 18/19 June fissure eruption decreased, though the steaming cracks at the base of Kane Nui o Hamo were vigorously fuming. Ground-based mapping of the new lava flow was also completed; the eruption occurred from two places along the fissure, separated by about 40 m.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 June-19 June 2007

During 13-19 June, lava from Kilauea flowed SE across a growing lava delta into the ocean at the Poupou entry. On 14 June, the Petunia flow went over the top of the Pulama pali. On 16 June, the front of the Petunia flow advanced down the Pulama pali and was about 90-180 m wide.

On 17 June, a swarm of earthquakes and rapid deflation began at 0215 in the upper E rift zone. The earthquakes were centered about 1 km SW of Mauna Ulu and about 1.5-3 km deep. About 70 earthquakes were recorded in the first 2 hours; at least 10 of those earthquakes were M 3 or greater. NPS crews evacuated visitors and closed the Chain of Craters road and the Crater Rim Drive between Jaggar museum and the Thurston lava tube parking lot. Fresh cracks about 2 cm wide opened in the Chain of Craters road near the Mauna Ulu turnoff. GPS receivers in the area of most intense seismic activity documented an approximate 10 cm of widening across the rift zone, near Makaopuhi crater. HVO observers noted rockfalls from the S wall of Pu'u 'O'o cone and collapse of the crater floor around the vents.

On 18 June, the earthquake swarm continued at a lower rate; about 10 to 15 small earthquakes per hour were recorded compared to more than about 100 per hour the morning of 17 June. Strong tremor beneath the summit was recorded and deflation continued. GPS receivers continued to show widening across the rift zone to more than 40 cm. According to a news article, Crater Rim drive and a few trails were re-opened to the public.

On 18 June, the earthquake swarm continued at a lower rate; about 10 to 15 small earthquakes per hour were recorded compared to more than about 100 per hour the morning of 17 June. Strong tremor beneath the summit was recorded and deflation continued. GPS receivers continued to show widening across the rift zone to more than 40 cm. According to a news article, Crater Rim drive and a few trails were re-opened to the public.

Seismicity decreased on 20 June and GPS receivers no longer showed extension on the rift zone. Aerial views of the crater floor and SW flank indicated more subsidence since 18 June.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Associated Press

6 June-12 June 2007

During 6-12 June, lava from Kilauea flowed SE across a growing lava delta into the ocean at the Poupou entry. Incandescence was visible from several vents in the Pu'u 'O'o crater and on 10 June from breakouts above the Pulama pali fault scarp and on 11 June at the base of the pali. An earthquake swarm that began on 12 May continued beneath the S flank and upper rift zones. Aerial observation and satellite imagery confirmed that the 2-km-long Petunia flow, initiating about 1 km S of Pu'u 'O'o crater, was somewhat active. Surface flow activity was seen inland of the Poupou entry on the E side of the flow field.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 May-5 June 2007

During 30 May-5 June, lava from Kilauea flowed SE across a growing lava delta into the ocean at the Poupou entry. By 24 May, lava no longer entered the ocean at the Kamokuna entry. Incandescence was visible from several vents in the Pu'u 'O'o crater and from breakouts above the Pulama pali fault scarp. The earthquake swarm that began on 12 May continued S of Halema'uma'u and in the upper E rift zone. On 18 May, a large lava flow broke out of the PKK lava tube at the site of an old skylight named Petunia. By 4 June, the Petunia flow advanced 2 km. Also on 4 June, a M 3.8 earthquake occurred about 4 km NE of Pahala town. Surface flow activity was seen on the E flow-field between Royal Gardens subdivision and the coast.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 May-29 May 2007

During 23-29 May, lava from Kilauea flowed SE across a growing lava delta into the ocean at the Poupou entry. By 24 May, lava no longer entered the ocean at the Kamokuna entry. Incandescence was visible from several vents in the Pu'u 'O'o crater and from breakouts above and at the base of the Pulama pali fault scarp. The earthquake swarm that began on 12 May continued S and E of Halema'uma'u, in the upper E rift zone, and at scattered locations in the S flank.

On 24 May, HVO recorded a M 4.7 earthquake at 0913, located beneath the upper E rift zone, near Puhimau crater, at a depth of 2 km. A M 4.1 aftershock occurred 20 minutes later and was located 1.5 km farther down-rift, beneath Koko'olau crater. A M 3.9 aftershock occurred at 1051 and was located another 2.5 km down-rift at a depth of 1 km. Since 1998, a few earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 4.0 have occurred at shallow depths beneath the upper E rift zone.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 May-22 May 2007

During 16-22 May, lava from Kilauea continued to flow SE across a lava delta into the ocean at the Kamokuna entry. On 16 May, lava from the E arm of the Campout flow advancing along the coastal plain from the base of the Royal Gardens sub-division, reached the ocean at the newly-formed Poupou entry. On 18 May, field crews reported that the Poupou entry, about 1.6 km E of the Kamokuna entry, was 20 m wide and building a delta. Incandescence was visible from several vents in the Pu'u 'O'o crater and from breakouts on, above, and at the base of the Pulama pali fault scarp. Earthquake activity that initially increased on 12 May was scattered beneath the upper rift zone and S-flank areas.

According to a news article, new measurements revealed that the area of the 10 May bench collapse at East Lae'apuki lava delta was about 9.3 hectares (23 acres). Scientists reported that new cracks in the lava delta were observed within several hundred yards of the ocean's edge.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Honolulu Advertiser

9 May-15 May 2007

During 9-15 May, lava from Kilauea continued to flow SE across a lava delta into the ocean at the Kamokuna entry. Incandescence was visible from several vents in the Pu'u 'O'o crater and from breakouts on, above, and at the base of the Pulama pali fault scarp. Earthquake activity was scattered at the S edge of the summit, upper E rift zone between Puhimau and Pauahi craters, and S-flank areas. On 10 May, approximately 6.5 hectares (16 acres) of the East Lae'apuki bench collapsed, starting from the E-side and moving progressively westward. Each section of collapse generated a steam plume, occasionally blackened with rock dust, which rose to about 0.1-0.3 km (200-1,000 ft) a.s.l. The plumes resulted from the explosive interaction between seawater and incandescent rock exposed immediately after each section collapsed. On 11 May, HVO scientists surveyed the collapse and mapped cracks inland of the sea cliff. Rock fragments covered a 1.2 hectare (3 acre) area.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 May-8 May 2007

During 2-8 May, lava from Kilauea continued to flow SE across a lava delta into the ocean at the Kamokuna entry. Incandescence was visible from several vents in the Pu'u 'O'o crater and from breakouts on, above, and at the base of the Pulama pali fault scarp. Earthquake activity was scattered at the summit, upper E rift zone, and S-flank areas. Tremor remained at moderate levels. During 3-4 May, large channelized a'a' flows descended down the pali on the Campout flow. On 4 May, a sheet flow ponded lava at the base of the Royal Gardens sub-division. On 8 May, HVO scientists reported that for the past several months, Kilauea caldera widened at a rate of 1.5 cm/month and Pu'u 'O'o cone was slowly collapsing, as indicated by new cracks on the S flank. Subsidence of the cone's N flank at a rate of 1 cm/month was also measured.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 April-1 May 2007

During 25 April-1 May, lava from Kilauea continued to flow SE across a lava delta into the ocean at the Kamokuna entry, but lava was not seen entering the ocean at East Lae'apuki. Incandescence was visible from several vents in the Pu'u 'O'o crater and minimally visible from breakouts on the Pulama pali. On 28 April, a gas plume rose from an unidentified location above the pali. Earthquake activity was scattered at the summit, upper E rift zone, and S-flank areas. Tremor remained at moderate levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 April-24 April 2007

During 18-24 April, lava from Kilauea continued to flow SE across a lava delta into the ocean at the Kamokuna entry, but lava was not seen entering the ocean at East Lae'apuki. Incandescence was intermittently visible from several breakouts on the Pulama pali and from several vents in the Pu'u 'O'o crater. Earthquake activity was scattered at the summit and S-flank areas. Tremor remained at moderate levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 April-17 April 2007

On 11 April, lava from the E arm of Kilauea's Campout flow at the base of the long-abandoned Royal Gardens ignited fires within the subdivision. During 11-17 April, lava continued to flow across a lava delta into the ocean at the Kamokuna entry, but lava was not seen entering the ocean at East Lae'apuki. Incandescence was intermittently visible from several breakouts on the Pulama pali and from several vents in the Pu'u 'O'o crater. Earthquake activity was scattered at the summit and S-flank areas.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 April-10 April 2007

During 4-10 April, lava from Kilauea continued to flow across a lava delta into the ocean at the Kamokuna entry. Lava was not seen entering the ocean at the East Lae'apuki entry. Incandescence was intermittently visible from several breakouts on the Pulama pali and from several vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. Earthquake activity was scattered at the summit and S-flank areas.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 March-3 April 2007

During 28 March-3 April, lava from Kilauea continued to flow across a lava delta into the ocean at the Kamokuna entry. Lava was not seen entering the ocean at the East Lae'apuki entry. During 28-29 March, a more than usual number of earthquakes were located near the Halema'uma'u and Koko'olau craters and on the S flank. Incandescence was intermittently visible from several breakouts on the Pulama pali and from several vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. On 31 March, a major lava breakout from the Campout flow caused trees to ignite on a near-by kipuka (an "island" of vegetation) and produced small explosions from trapped gas.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 March-27 March 2007

During 21-27 March, lava from Kilauea continued to flow across lava deltas into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and Kamokuna entries. Incandescence was intermittently visible from several breakouts on the pali and from several vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. A few small earthquakes were located in the summit and Poliokeawe (South Flank) areas. On 27 March, a'a' flows were active on the pali. Tremor at Pu'u 'O'o' continued at moderate levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 March-20 March 2007

During 14-19 March, lava from Kilauea continued to flow across lava deltas into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and Kamokuna entries. Incandescence was intermittently visible from several breakouts on the pali and from several vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. On 14 March, 'a'a flows from the Campout flow were seen on the pali. Tremor at Kilauea's summit continued at low levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 March-13 March 2007

During 7-13 March, lava from Kilauea continued to flow across lava deltas into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and Kamokuna entries. On 10 March, lava no longer entered the ocean at East Ka'ili'ili and likely branched off W towards the Royal Gardens subdivision. Steam plumes at East Ka'ili'ili possibly from water washing onto hot rocks, were visible on subsequent days. Incandescence was intermittently visible from several breakouts on the pali and from several vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. Tremor at Kilauea's summit continued at low levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 February-6 March 2007

During 28 February-6 March, lava from Kilauea continued to flow from lava deltas into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki, Kamokuna, and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence was intermittently visible from several breakouts on the pali and from several vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. Tremor at Kilauea's summit continued at low levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 February-27 February 2007

During 21-27 February, lava from Kilauea continued to flow from lava deltas into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki, Kamokuna, and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence was intermittently visible from several breakouts on the pali and from several vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. On 22 February, HVO field crews reported gas jetting from vents on the S side of Pu'u 'O'o. Tremor at Kilauea's summit continued at low levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 February-20 February 2007

During 14-20 February, lava from Kilauea continued to flow from lava deltas into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki, Kamokuna, and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence was intermittently visible from several breakouts on the pali and from several vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. On 15 February, breakout surface lava from the Campout flow produced seven lava falls over the seacliff behind the East Lae'apuki bench. Lava continued to flow over the seacliff in this area for the rest of the reporting period. Tremor at Kilauea's summit continued at low levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 February-13 February 2007

During 7-13 February, lava from Kilauea continued to flow from lava deltas into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki, Kamokuna, and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence was seen from the Campout and PKK flows on the pali and from several vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. Tremor near Pu'u 'O'o continued at low levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

31 January-6 February 2007

During 31 January-6 February, lava from Kilauea continued to flow from lava deltas into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki, Kamokuna, and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence was intermittently visible on the pali and from several vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. Tremor near Pu'u 'O'o continued at low levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 January-30 January 2007

During 24-30 January, lava from Kilauea continued to flow from lava deltas into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki, Kamokuna, and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence was intermittently visible on the pali and from several vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. Breakout lava from the Campout flow advanced about 1.6 km per hour on 24 January. The USGS field crew noticed several small breakouts of lava from the Campout flow at the base of the pali that flowed E and burned trees near the long-abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision. Tremor near Pu'u 'O'o increased to a moderate level.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 January-23 January 2007

During 17-23 January, lava from Kilauea continued to flow from lava deltas into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki, Kamokuna, and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence was intermittently visible on the pali and from several vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. Tremor near Pu`u `O`o continued at low levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 January-16 January 2007

During 10-16 January, lava from Kilauea continued to flow from lava deltas into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki, Kamokuna, and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence was intermittently visible on the pali and from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. On 12 January, the summit tilt network recorded the start of the tenth deflation-inflation (DI) event; after 7 microradians of deflation, inflation began on 13 January. Tremor near Pu'u 'O'o increased and decreased in response to the DI event.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 January-9 January 2007

During 3-9 January, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki, Kamokuna, and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence was intermittently visible on the pali and from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. Tremor near Pu`u `O`o continued at low levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 December-2 January 2007

During 27 December-2 January, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Between those two entries, lava streams were visible on 27 and 28 December descending to the ocean to re-establish the Kamokuna entry. Incandescence was intermittently visible on the pali and from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. Tremor near Pu`u `O`o continued at low levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 December-26 December 2006

During 20-26 December, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence on the pali was visible during the reporting period. Intermittent incandescence was seen coming from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 December-19 December 2006

During 13-19 December, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence on the pali was visible during the reporting period. Rare surface activity on the flow field was observed on 13 December. Incandescence was intermittently visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. Tremor near Pu`u `O`o continued at moderate levels.

According to a news article, a three-year-long inflationary trend of Kilauea's summit and E and SW rift zones ceased in early October. Since the current on-going eruption began in 1983, a total of three such events have occurred.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Honolulu Advertiser

6 December-12 December 2006

During 6-12 December, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence on the pali was visible during the reporting period. A large breakout on Pulama pali on 5 December resulted in downed and burned trees. Incandescence was also intermittently visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 November-5 December 2006

During 29 November-5 December, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. On 30 November and 5 December, incandescence was visible on the Pulama pali. Incandescence was intermittently visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole and Beehive vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. The intensity of the incandescence was strongest at the E (East Pond) and diminished towards the W (Beehive).

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 November-28 November 2006

During 22-28 November, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. During 23 and 25-26 November, incandescence was visible on the Pulama pali and the coastal flats in the vicinity of the Campout flow. Incandescence was intermittently visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 November-21 November 2006

During 15-21 November, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. During 15-18 November, break-out flows were visible on the Pulama pali. Incandescence was intermittently visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. On 18 November, the Drainhole vent twice ejected spatter as high as 25 m above its rim. Summit inflation S of Halema'uma'u caldera continued. Tremor at Pu'u 'O'o remained at a typical moderate level.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 November-14 November 2006

During 8-14 November, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. During 7-9 November, a break-out flow was visible about halfway down Pulama pali. Incandescence was intermittently visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. Summit inflation S of Halema'uma'u caldera continued. Tremor at Pu'u 'O'o remained at a typical moderate level.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 November-7 November 2006

During 1-7 November, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Break-out lava flows were visible along the Campout flow on and at the base of the Pulama pali. When weather permitted, incandescence was visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. The summit continued to slowly inflate S of Halema'uma'u caldera.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 October-31 October 2006

The summit of Kilauea continued to slowly inflate S of Halema'uma'u caldera during 25-31 October. Incandescence was intermittently but strongly visible from the East Pond and January vents, and occasionally dimly visible from South Wall complex and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. Lava from the Campout and PKK systems continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. On 25 October, two separate break-out lava flows were visible on Pulama pali. The upper flow at about 320 m (1,050 ft) elevation consisted of 'a'a and pahoehoe and the lower flow at 114 m (375 ft) was solely pahoehoe.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 October-24 October 2006

During 18-24 October, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence was intermittently visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole and Beehive vents in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. Summit inflation S of Halema'uma'u caldera continued. Weak incandescence was visible on the Pulama pali during 18-19 October. Tremor at Pu'u 'O'o remained at a typical moderate level.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 October-17 October 2006

The summit of Kilauea continued to slowly inflate S of Halema'uma'u caldera during 11-17 October. Incandescence from surface flows was intermittently visible on the pali and at the base of the pali on 14 October. Lava from the Campout and PKK systems continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Two large earthquakes (largest, M 6.7) occurred on 15 October on the northwest side of Hawai'i Island. On 16 October, HVO reported that the earthquakes did not affect the Kilauea eruption.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 October-10 October 2006

The summit of Kilauea continued to slowly inflate S of Halema'uma'u caldera during 4-5 October. Incandescence was intermittently visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater, when weather permitted. Lava from the Campout and PKK systems continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence from surface flows was intermittently visible on Pulama pali.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 September-3 October 2006

Fountaining on 28 September was reported about 15 m inland of the W edge of the East Lae`apuki bench. Lava jetted about 30 m in the air accompanied by loud rumbling and jetting sounds. Over the next couple of days, 3-4 lava streams were visible on the W side of East Lae`apuki entry, as were incidents of tephra jetting and lava fountaining 15-23 m (50-75 ft) high. Glow had been visible from the East Lae`apuki entry and the Campout flow breakout on the pali, but not from the Ka`ili`ili entry. The consistent lack of visible glow from the Ka`ili`ili entry is due to its inability to build a very large bench, so its continuing activity remains hidden at the base of the seacliff.

Observers reported on 28 September that the floor of Drainhole vent had collapsed, and was replaced by an overturning lava pond. As of 29 September a new tube and flow were forming on the E side of the Campout flow. The USGS field crew also noticed a small stagnant breakout of lava at about 60 m (200 ft) elevation that flowed E to cover a little more of the long-abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 September-26 September 2006

Throughout 20-26 September Kilauea continued to erupt from the Pu`u `O`o vent on the East Rift Zone. Summit inflation centered in the south part of the caldera also continued. Lava was flowing through the PKK lava tube from its source on the SW flank of Pu`u `O`o to the ocean. About 1 km S of Pu`u `O`o, the Campout flow branches off from the PKK tube. The PKK and Campout systems feed two widely separated ocean entries named East Lae`apuki and East Ka`ili`ili, respectively. Activity during this period included numerous small breakouts from the Campout flow, new skylights along the PKK tube, and variable activity at the ocean entries. At Pu`u `O`o, intermittent lava incandescence reflected on gas plumes was visible from the usual four vents (East Pond, January, South Wall Complex, and Drainhole).

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 September-19 September 2006

The summit of Kilauea continued to slowly inflate S of Halema'uma'u caldera during 13-19 September. Incandescence was intermittently visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. Lava from the Campout and PKK systems continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 September-12 September 2006

During 6-12 September, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence was intermittently visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater. Summit inflation S of Halema'uma'u caldera continued. Tremor at Pu'u 'O'o remained at a typical moderate level.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 August-5 September 2006

During 23-29 August, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. On 1 September, the area of the East Lae'apuki lava bench was an estimated 22 hectares (54 acres) and East Ka'ili'ili was an estimated 2.3 hectares (5.7 acres). Incandescence was visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater during the reporting period. Summit inflation S of Halema'uma'u caldera continued. Tremor at Pu'u 'O'o remained at a very typical moderate level.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 August-29 August 2006

During 23-29 August, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence was visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater during the reporting period. Summit inflation S of Halema'uma'u caldera continued. Tremor at Pu'u 'O'o remained at a very typical moderate level.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 August-22 August 2006

During 16-22 August, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence was visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater during most of the reporting period.

A recent leveling survey revealed an inflationary trend at the summit of Kilauea, in areas S of Halema'uma'u crater. Elevations have increased 11 cm in the past 6 months and continued to increase during the reporting period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 August-15 August 2006

During 9-15 August, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki and East Ka'ili'ili entries. Incandescence was visible from the East Pond and January vents, South Wall complex, and Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater during most of the reporting period. Tremor remained at a very typical moderate level at Pu'u 'O'o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 August-8 August 2006

A 4-hectare (10-acre) area of the lava delta at Kilauea's East Lae'apuki collapsed into the ocean on 30 July. The collapse represented less than 15% of the delta's total area.

During 2-8 August, lava from the PKK lava tube flowed into the ocean at two entries on the SE flank, East Lae`apuki and about 3.5 km E at East Ka`ili`ili. Tilt at the Pu`u `O`o cone displayed a saw tooth pattern and tremor remained at a moderate level.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), The Honolulu Advertiser

26 July-1 August 2006

During 26 July-1 August, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae'apuki entry. Incandescence was strongly visible from East Pond and January vents, moderately visible from the South Wall complex, and dimly visible from the Drainhole vent in Pu'u 'O'o's crater during most of the reporting period. Tremor remained at a very typical moderate level at Pu'u 'O'o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 July-25 July 2006

During 19-24 July, incandescence from Kilauea was observed due to reflections from the fumes over East Pond and January vents and the South Wall complex. On 21 July, the terminus of the Campout flow was ~1.7 km from the sea at Ka'ili'ili, about 440 m from the observed terminus on 14 July. Pu'u 'O'o tremor remained at a moderate level.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 July-18 July 2006

During 14-18 July, small areas of incandescence were observed from Kilauea's Campout flow on Pulama pali. Lava continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. Seismicity levels were low at the summit and moderate at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 July-11 July 2006

During 5-11 July, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. Background volcanic tremor was at normal levels at Kilauea's summit, with small shallow earthquakes occurring. Volcanic tremor remained at a very typical moderate level at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 June-4 July 2006

During 28 June-4 July, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. On 30 June, surface lava flows originating from the Campout lava tube were visible on the upper part of the Pulama pali fault scarp, which had not been the case since 8 February. Incandescence was visible from Drainhole vent in Pu`u `O`o's crater during most of the reporting period. Tremor remained at a very typical moderate level at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 June-27 June 2006

During 21-27 June, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. On 24 June, lava that flowed over a 67 m wide sea cliff was fed from a breakout point about 50 m inland from the cliff on the W surface of the delta. The area of East Lae`apuki lava delta was estimated to be 20.5 hectares. On 24 June, the floor of Drainhole vent in Pu`u `O`o's crater collapsed and produced a 30 m by 25 m lava pond with dynamically active lava on the SE side of the pit. Lava from the Campout flow and tube, located on the E margin of the PKK shield, advanced 1.2 km towards the Pulama pali approximately during 19-24 June.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 June-20 June 2006

During 14-20 June, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. Incandescence was visible from Drainhole vent in Pu`u `O`o's crater during the reporting period. Tremor remained at a very typical moderate level at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 June-13 June 2006

During 7-13 June, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. Incandescence was visible from Drainhole vent during the reporting period. Tremor remained at a very typical moderate level at Pu`u `O`o. The summit of Kilauea slowly inflated.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

31 May-6 June 2006

During 31 May to 5 June, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. Incandescence was visible from East Pond Vent, January Vent, Drainhole, and South Wall Complex when weather permitted observations. Incandescence high up on the PKK lava tube was observed on 4 June from the ground and by GOES satellite.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 May-30 May 2006

During 24-30 May, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. Incandescence was visible from East Pond Vent, January Vent, and Drainhole during 24-30 May, and from South Wall Complex on 24 and 30 May. Tremor remained at a very typical moderate level at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 May-23 May 2006

Small lava flows were visible on 19 May and minor incandescence was observed on 21-22 May at Kilauea's East Lae`apuki lava delta. Seismicity levels were low at the summit and moderate at Pu`u `O`o. After 16 May, there was very little change in deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 May-16 May 2006

During 15-16 May, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. No surface lava flows were visible on the Puluma pali fault scarp, as has been the case since 8 February. Kilauea's summit began to deflate on 14 May. On 16 May, inflation occurred that was accompanied by an abrupt drop in volcanic tremor at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 May-9 May 2006

During 4-8 May, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. No surface lava flows were visible on the Puluma pali fault scarp, as has been the case since 8 February. Low-level volcanic tremor was recorded at Kilauea's summit, accompanied by a few small earthquakes. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 April-2 May 2006

During 26 April to 2 May, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. No surface lava flows were visible on the Puluma pali fault scarp, as has been the case since 8 February. Continuous low-level volcanic tremor was recorded at Kilauea's summit, accompanied by a few small earthquakes. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 April-25 April 2006

During 20-24 April, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. No surface lava flows were visible on the Puluma pali fault scarp, as has been the case since 8 February. Continuous low-level volcanic tremor was recorded at Kilauea's summit, accompanied by a few small earthquakes. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 April-18 April 2006

During 13-17 April, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. Background volcanic tremor was at normal levels at Kilauea's summit, with small shallow also earthquakes occurring. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 April-11 April 2006

During 5-11 April, lava from Kilauea continued to flow off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. Background volcanic tremor was at normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Small, shallow earthquakes continued beneath the summit area and upper E rift zone. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Slight inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 March-4 April 2006

During 29 March to 3 April, lava from Kilauea flowed off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. Background volcanic tremor was at normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Small, shallow earthquakes continued beneath the summit area and upper E rift zone at a fluctuating rate. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Slight inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 March-28 March 2006

During 22-28 March, lava from Kilauea flowed off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. Background volcanic tremor was at normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Small, shallow earthquakes continued beneath the summit area and upper east rift zone, often occurring in bursts but, they were less numerous than during the previous week, and much less than a month ago. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Slight inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 March-21 March 2006

During 15-22 March, lava flowed off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry and surface lava flows were occasionally visible. Background volcanic tremor was at normal levels at Kilauea's summit, with shallow earthquakes continuing to occur beneath the summit area and the upper E rift zone. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Slight inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 March-14 March 2006

During 9-13 March, lava flowed off of a lava delta into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. Background volcanic tremor was at normal levels at Kilauea's summit, with shallow earthquakes continuing to occur beneath the summit area and the upper east rift zone. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Slight inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 March-7 March 2006

During 2-7 March, no surface lava flows were visible on Kilauea's Pulama pali fault scarp, which had been the case since 8 February. Lava flowed into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. Beginning on 1 March, lava emerged from the PKK lava tube between the 45- and 75-m elevations, and lava streams extended 200-400 m downstream from this point. Background volcanic tremor was at normal levels at Kilauea's summit, with shallow earthquakes continuing to occur beneath the summit area and the upper east rift zone. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Slight inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 February-28 February 2006

During 27-28 February, no surface lava flows were visible on Kilauea's Pulama pali fault scarp, which had been the case since 8 February. Lava flowed into the ocean at the East Lae`apuki entry. Background volcanic tremor was at normal levels at Kilauea's summit, with shallow earthquakes continuing to occur beneath the summit area and the upper east rift zone. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Slight inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 February-21 February 2006

During 16-20 February, no surface lava flows were visible on Kilauea's Pulama pali fault scarp, which had been the case since 8 February. Several streams of lava poured into the sea from the lava delta at the East Lae`apuki entry. Background volcanic tremor was at normal levels at Kilauea's summit, with shallow earthquakes continuing to occur beneath the summit area and the upper east rift zone. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 February-14 February 2006

During 8-14 February, surface lava flows were not visible on Kilauea's Pulama pali fault scarp due to lava traveling underground through the PKK lava tube until reaching the East Lae`apuki lava delta and flowing into the sea. Observations on 7 February revealed that the lava delta had broadened 120 m westward since 30 January. During the report period, background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit, with numerous sporadic shallow earthquakes continuing to occur at the summit and upper E rift zone. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Slow, steady inflation continued at Kilauea's summit as it has more-or-less since mid-January.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 February-7 February 2006

During 2-7 February, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit, with numerous shallow earthquakes continuing to occur at the summit and upper E rift zone. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 January-31 January 2006

During 30-31 January, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area, building a new lava delta. Surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp. On 31 January, the lava delta was 615 m long and 140 m wide. Background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit, with numerous shallow earthquakes occurring at the summit and upper E rift zone during several days. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 January-17 January 2006

During 11-14 January, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area, building a new lava delta. Surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp. On 10 January the summit deflation switched abruptly to inflation after a loss of 5.2 microradians. Relatively high tremor occurred at this time. Tremor quickly dropped, becoming weak to moderate when deflation ended, with seismicity punctuated by a few small earthquakes. By 13 January, background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit and reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. On 14 January, the lava delta was about 500 m long (parallel to shore) and still only 140 m wide.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 January-10 January 2006

During 4-9 January, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area, building a new lava delta. Surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of deformation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 December-3 January 2006

During 28 December to 3 January, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of deformation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 December-27 December 2005

During 22-27 December, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of deformation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 December-20 December 2005

During 15-20 December, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of deformation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 December-13 December 2005

During 9-12 December, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of deformation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 November-6 December 2005

A lava bench collapse in the East Lae`apuki area on 29 November lasted several hours, sending the 34-acre bench plus another 10 acres of adjacent cliff into the sea. This was the largest bench collapse of the current eruption, which began in January 1983. The collapse left a 20-m-high cliff exposed, from which a 2-m-thick stream of lava was emitted from an open lava tube. Cracks had been observed on the inland portion of the bench several months earlier; visitors are not allowed near the bench, but a viewing area is provided about 3 km away. Growth of the new delta at East Lae`apuki was continuing as of 6 December. At that time breakouts were also active on Pulama Pali.

Sources: Honolulu Advertiser, US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 November-29 November 2005

During 23-29 November, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of deformation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 November-22 November 2005

During 18-22 November, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of deformation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 November-15 November 2005

On 14 November, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area. Surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp although surface activity had decreased in comparison to the previous week. Background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 November-8 November 2005

During 2-7 November, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area, and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 October-1 November 2005

During 26-31 October, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area, and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 October-25 October 2005

During 19-25 October, surface lava flows at Kilauea were occasionally visible along the E branch of the PKK flow. Lava flows continued to enter the sea at East Lae`apuki area, mostly NE of the point of the lava delta. Background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 October-18 October 2005

On 18 October, weak surface lava flows were visible at Kilauea and one cascade of lava flowed off of the western front of the East Lae`apuki delta. Background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. During 11-18 October, small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 October-11 October 2005

During 10-11 October, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area, and surface lava flows were visible along the PKK lava flow. During the report period, background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 September-4 October 2005

During 28 September- 2 October, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area, and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama Pali fault scarp. During the report period, background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 September-27 September 2005

During 22-27 September, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area, and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama Pali fault scarp. During the report period, background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 September-20 September 2005

During 14-19 September, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki area, and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama Pali fault scarp. During the report period, background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor reached moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Around 19 September, several small shallow earthquakes occurred along the Kao`iki fault system or the adjacent upper southwest rift zone. Small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 September-13 September 2005

During 7-12 September, lava from Kilauea entered the sea at the East Lae`apuki area, and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama Pali fault scarp. Lava filled a collapse scar left by a lava-bench (land built out from the sea cliff) collapse that occurred on 27 August. On 6 September, piecemeal collapse of the lava bench removed much of the central part of the new fill. During the report period, background volcanic tremor was around normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. On 11 September, substantial deflation at the volcano was followed by sharp inflation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

31 August-6 September 2005

During 1-5 September, lava from Kilauea entered the sea at the East Lae`apuki area, and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama Pali fault scarp. On 27 August, part of a lava bench (land built out from the sea cliff) collapsed. During the report period, background volcanic tremor was around normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small periods of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 August-30 August 2005

During 25-29 August, lava from Kilauea entered the sea at the East Lae`apuki area, and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama Pali fault scarp and the coastal flat. Background volcanic tremor was around normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small periods of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 August-23 August 2005

During 17-22 August, lava from Kilauea entered the sea at the East Lae`apuki area, and surface lava flows were sometimes visible on the Pulama Pali fault scarp and the coastal flat. By 22 August, surface lava on the W branch of the PKK lava flow was no longer visible. Background volcanic tremor was around normal levels at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small periods of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 August-16 August 2005

During 15 and 16 August, surface lava at Kilauea was visible on the W and E branches of the PKK lava flow, and lava continued to enter the sea at the East Lae`apuki entry. Background volcanic tremor was near normal levels at Kilauea's summit and at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o cone. There were small periods of inflation and deflation at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 August-9 August 2005

Up to seven ocean-entry points were visible off the W-facing front of the East Lae`apuki lava delta during 3-9 August; others were hidden from view off the E-facing front. On Pulama pali, the W branch of the PKK flow reached its greatest extent of the week on 5 August, when it broadened to include a couple of hundred meters of scattered breakouts and reached from about the 1,500-foot elevation down to about 850 ft. Background volcanic tremor was about normal at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor was at a moderate level at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 July-2 August 2005

On 30 July, small areas of surface lava were visible along Kilauea's PKK lava flow on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Background volcanic tremor was at normal levels at Kilauea's summit, and at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o cone. There were periods of inflation and deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 July-26 July 2005

During 21-26 July, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Kamoamoa and East Lae`apuki entries. Small areas of surface lava were occasionally visible along the PKK lava flow. Background volcanic tremor was well above normal levels at Kilauea's summit and at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o cone. An M 4.5 earthquake occurred on 25 July at 2208 along the SE edge of Kilauea's SW rift zone at a depth of ~30 km.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 July-19 July 2005

During 13-18 July, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Kamoamoa and East Lae`apuki entries. East Lae`apuki was larger, with lava spilling into the sea at several entry points. Surface lava was visible along the PKK lava flow. Background volcanic tremor remained above normal levels at Kilauea's summit and at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Slight inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 July-12 July 2005

During 6-11 July, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea at the East Kamoamoa and East Lae`apuki entries. East Lae`apuki was much larger, with several entry points. East Kamoamoa barely emitted a glow from the incandescent lava. Surface lava was visible along the PKK lava flow. Background volcanic tremor remained above normal levels at Kilauea's summit and at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Slight inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 June-5 July 2005

Lava from Kilauea entered the sea during 4-5 July, and few surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Background volcanic tremor remained above normal levels at Kilauea's summit and at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Slight inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano. According to a news report, around 3 July a lava-viewing area was closed at Kilauea due to the increased chance of a 10-hectare size lava bench (land built out from the sea cliff) in the vicinity collapsing without warning.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Associated Press

22 June-28 June 2005

On 22 June lava in the west branch of the current flow descended onto the coastal flat for the first time in several months. Volcanic tremor remains above normal levels at Kilauea's summit. On 24 June it was noted that Kilauea's summit continued its inflation, while Pu`u `O`o was deflating during the same period. On 27 June part of the active East Lae`apuki lava delta collapsed. Lava stored within the delta gushed out onto the surface of the delta and thence into the water. Fountains of lava reported to be about 25 m high spurted from the central part of the delta soon afterward.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 June-21 June 2005

On 21 June lava from Kilauea continued to enter the sea and there was a small number of surface lava flows on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Background volcanic tremor remained above normal levels at Kilauea's summit and at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. There was no significant change in deformation at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 June-14 June 2005

Lava entered the sea at two points along Kilauea's S flank during 8-12 June, and at three points on 13 June. During the report period, surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Volcanic tremor remained above normal levels at Kilauea's summit and at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of deformation were recorded during the report week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 May-31 May 2005

On 31 May, three ocean entries were active at Kilauea and surface lava flows traveled down the Pulama pali fault scarp. Background volcanic tremor remained above normal levels at Kilauea's summit and at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. No deformation was recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 May-24 May 2005

During 27 July to 1 August, eruptive activity continued at Anatahan, with plumes rising several thousands of meters above the volcano. On 1 August the National Weather Service at Tiyan, Guam issued a volcanic ash advisory for the islands of Saipan and Tinian. A strong sulfur odor was reported by numerous residents, and ash was observed on the tips of aircraft at Saipan International Airport. According to a news article, flights leaving the airport were delayed due to a lack of visibility caused by volcanic haze.

Sources: Emergency Management Office of the Commonwealth of the Mariana Islands and United States Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program, GuamPDN - Pacific Daily News

11 May-17 May 2005

Ocean entries remained active during 11-17 May in the East Lae`apuki and Kamoamoa areas. By 16 May the East Lae`apuki and East Kamoamoa entries both had benches ~350 m long and up to 75 m wide. A large plume from West Highcastle on 10 May probably recorded a collapse of part of that lava delta, which has been inactive for the past several weeks following growth in March and April. The middle branch of the PKK flow remained active and extending down Pulama Pali. The east branch reached out farther but was narrower and contained fewer breakouts. The west branch was reduced to a cluster of breakouts about halfway down the pali. Glow was seen throughout the report period from all of the Pu`u `O`o crater vents, as well as the MLK vent at the SW foot of the cone. Background seismicity, both tremor and long-period earthquakes, remained above the norm at Kilauea's summit. Volcanic tremor is at a moderate level at Pu`u `O`o. Tilt at the summit was relatively flat, while Pu`u `O`o showed its usual ups and downs.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 May-10 May 2005

A third ocean entry, in the East Lae`apuki area, became active on 5 May. That entry and the Far East Lae`apuki entry were both being fed by lava falls down the old sea cliff and were relatively small. Based of the brighter glow, the Kamoamoa entry was thought to be more substantial. By the morning of 9 May lava was treaming over the old sea cliff in four locations; two falls fed ocean entries and two were falling onto an old delta. The branch of the PKK flow feeding East Lae`apuki was full of breakouts on 9 May. The next day the middle branch of the PKK flow developed an open-channel stream on the Pulama pali 10-20 m wide, 500-600 m long, and moving rapidly. Volcanic tremor remained at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Episodes of inflation and deflation occurred during the week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 April-3 May 2005

During 27 April to 3 May, lava entered the ocean at the Kamoamoa entry. Numerous surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat. Seismicity remained above background levels at Kilauea's summit, consisting of both tremor and long-period earthquakes. Volcanic tremor remained at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Episodes of inflation and deflation occurred during the week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 April-26 April 2005

During 21-25 April, there were fewer surface lava flows visible at Kilauea than during the previous week. On 24 April a small amount of lava began to enter the sea. Seismicity remained above background levels at Kilauea's summit, consisting mainly of tremor and some long-period earthquakes. Volcanic tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Episodes of inflation and deflation occurred during the week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 April-19 April 2005

During 14-19 April, surface lava flows from Kilauea were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp and lava was not seen entering the ocean. Seismicity remained above background levels at Kilauea's summit, consisting mainly of tremor and some long-period earthquakes. Volcanic tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Episodes of inflation and deflation occurred during the week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 April-12 April 2005

During 6-11 April, lava from Kilauea continued to flow into the ocean at several points. Seismicity remained above background levels at Kilauea's summit, consisting mainly of tremor and some long-period earthquakes. Volcanic tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Episodes of inflation and deflation occurred during the week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 March-5 April 2005

Lava from Kilauea continued to flow into the ocean at several points during 1-4 April. Seismicity remained above background levels at Kilauea's summit, consisting mainly of tremor and some long-period earthquakes. Volcanic tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 March-29 March 2005

On 29 March lava from Kilauea entered the ocean at five ocean entries. The largest, named Kamoamos, consisted of six or more places where lava entered the water along the front of a growing lava delta. A cascade of lava streamed down the old sea cliff at one of the two Highcastle entries. Bright glow came from Ka`ili`ili entry, and weak glow from East Highcastle entry. Seismicity remained above background levels at Kilauea's summit, consisting mainly of tremor and some long-period earthquakes. Volcanic tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Surface waves from a M 8.7 earthquake on 28 March off Sumatra, Indonesia disturbed tilt measurements at Kilauea, otherwise the tilt change was small.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 March-22 March 2005

During 16-21 March, lava from Kilauea's PKK lava flow continued to travel down the Pulama pali fault scarp and onto the coastal flat. Lava entered the ocean at the Ka`ili`ili and East Lae`apuki entries. Seismicity at Kilauea's summit was above background levels and tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at moderate levels. Slow deflation occasionally occurred at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 March-15 March 2005

On 15 March only small areas of surface lava flows at Kilauea were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp, and the amount of lava in the three branches of the PKK lava flow continued to decrease. Lava continued to enter the ocean at the Ka`ili`ili and East Lae`apuki ocean entries. Only a few small earthquakes occurred below the volcano's S flank. The level of volcanic tremor was low at the summit and moderate at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of deflation occurred at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 March-8 March 2005

During 3-7 March, lava from Kilauea continued to enter the ocean at the Ka`ili`ili and East Lae`apuki ocean entries; there were no signs of activity at the West Highcastle entry. Surface lava flows were visible on the Pulami pali fault scarp and the coastal flat. Small earthquakes occurred at Kilauea's summit, and no tremor was recorded. Tremor remained at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 February-1 March 2005

During 23-26 February, lava from Kilauea entered the sea at three ocean entries that were located along 4.7 km of the island's SE coast. Lava may have stopped flowing into the sea at the westernmost entry, West Highcastle, on the 26th. The number of surface lava flows diminished in comparison to the previous week. Small earthquakes occurred at Kilauea's summit, and no tremor was recorded. Tremor remained at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. As of 28 February, deflation had occurred at Pu`u `O`o for more than a week, and at the summit since 24 February.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 February-22 February 2005

On 21 February a new ocean entry, named East Lae`apuki, started at Kilauea. The entry was located between the other two ocean entries (Ka`ili`ili and West Highcastle) that had been active since 31 January 2005. This was the first time there had been three ocean entries active since early 2003. During 17-22 February, surface lava flows were visible on the volcano. A few small earthquakes occurred at Kilauea's summit, and no tremor was recorded. Tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of deformation occurred during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 February-15 February 2005

During 9-15 February, Kilauea's PKK lava flow continued to enter the sea and surface lava was visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp. A few small earthquakes occurred at Kilauea's summit and no tremor was recorded there. Volcanic tremor remained at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. A small amount of deformation was recorded at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 February-8 February 2005

Lava from Kilauea began to enter the ocean on 31 January at two entry points. The Ka`ili`ili entry to the E of the flow field was the largest and was fed by the large eastern arm of the PKK lava flow. The West Highcastle ocean entry was supplied by the W branch of the W arm of the PKK lava flow. On 7 February lava continued to enter the ocean and surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp and on the coastal flat. A few small earthquakes were recorded at Kilauea's summit. No tremor was recorded at the summit, and volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained at a moderate level. Small amounts of deformation were recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 January-1 February 2005

During 26-29 January, surface lava was visible at various spots along the PKK lava flow. All of the vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were visible at times. Small earthquakes were recorded at Kilauea's summit and decreased near the end of the report period. Slight tremor was recorded at the summit, and volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained at moderate levels. Small amounts of deformation was recorded at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 January-25 January 2005

During 19-25 January, surface lava from Kilauea was visible along the arms of the PKK lava flow traveling down the Pulama pali fault scarp, over Paliuli, and onto the coastal flat. Lava did not enter the sea. Seismicity at Kilauea's summit was relatively low during the report period, except during the morning of 25 January when quick inflation was accompanied by long-period earthquakes. Seismicity abruptly returned to background levels when the inflation ended.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 January-18 January 2005

During 12-18 January, surface lava flows were visible at Kilauea along the arms of the PKK lava flow on the Pulama pali fault scarp. No lava was visible near the coastline. Summit seismicity remained low with only a few long-period earthquakes recorded per day, and weak-to-absent background tremor. At Pu`u `O`o cone, volcanic tremor remained at moderate levels. Pu`u `O`o exhibited periods of slight inflation and deflation during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 January-12 January 2005

Lava entered the sea at three points along the S flank of Kilauea during 1-4 June, and then at only two points through 7 June. Small surface lava flows were visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp and the coastal flat. Background volcanic tremor remained above normal levels at Kilauea's summit and at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small amounts of deformation occurred during the report week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 January-11 January 2005

During 5-11 January, surface lava flows were visible at Kilauea along the PKK lava flow on the Pulama pali fault scarp and on the coast. Summit seismicity remained low on both days with only a few long-period earthquakes recorded per day, and weak-to-absent background tremor. At Pu`u `O`o cone, volcanic tremor remained at moderate levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 December-4 January 2005

During 3-4 January, surface lava flows were visible at Kilauea along the PKK lava flow on the Pulama pali fault scarp and on the coast. Summit seismicity remained low on both days with only a few long-period earthquakes recorded per day, and weak-to-absent background tremor. At Pu`u `O`o cone tremor remained at moderate levels, with periods of slight inflation and deflation recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 December-28 December 2004

During 22-28 December, several areas of surface lava were visible at Kilauea along the PKK lava flow on the coastal flat, and along the Pulama pali fault scarp. Overall seismicity at the summit was low, but a few long-period earthquakes continued to occur. Tremor was essentially absent at the summit and moderate at Pu`u `O`o cone. On 26 December, surface ground motion from a deadly M 9 earthquake just W of Sumatra was picked up by all tiltmeters at Kilauea. During the report period, small periods of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 December-21 December 2004

During 19-21 December, lava flows from Kilauea did not enter the ocean. Several areas of surface lava were visible on the coastal flat, and on and above the Pulama pali fault scarp. Overall seismicity at the summit was low, but long-period earthquakes continued to occur. Tremor was essentially absent at the summit and moderate at Pu`u `O`o. Small periods of inflation and deflation occurred at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 December-14 December 2004

During 8-14 December, surface lava flows were visible along all three arms of the PKK lava flow, from high on the Pulama pali fault scarp and on the coastal flat. By 13 December, lava entered the sea at the E Lae`apuki delta. During the report period, all vents were incandescent in the crater of Pu`u `O`o. Overall seismicity at the summit was low, but long-period earthquakes continued to occur. Tremor was essentially absent at the summit and moderate at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 December-7 December 2004

During 1-6 December, surface lava flows were visible at Kilauea. Only a few areas of surface activity were visible along the PKK lava flow on 1 December. On 2 December surface flows were visible along all three arms of the PKK flow. All vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent, except for the South Wall Complex. The ocean entry at eastern Lae`apuki had not been active since 27-28 November. During the report period, overall seismicity at the summit was low, but long-period earthquakes continued to occur. Tremor was essentially absent at the summit and moderate at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 November-30 November 2004

Surface lava flows at Kilauea were visible along two to three arms of the PKK lava flow on the Pulama pali fault scarp during 24-30 November. Most vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent. Lava entered the ocean through 26 November. On 30 November, seismicity at Kilauea's summit was low, with a few long-period earthquakes continuing to occur. Tremor was essentially absent at the summit and moderate at Pu`u `O`o. About 7 microradians of inflation occurred at Pu`u `O`o on 29 November.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 November-23 November 2004

Lava from Kilauea's PKK flow continued to enter the sea at the newly formed lava delta at eastern Lae`apuki delta during 17-23 November. Fieldwork on 18 November determined that the new lava delta is 260 m long and extends about 80 m beyond pre-existing land (the front of the old Lae`apuki delta). The area of the delta is about 1.2 ha. One entry point was on the far west end of the delta, but most of the activity was east of center. During 17-23 November, all vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent. Seismicity at Kilauea's summit increased during the report period, with numerous small long-period earthquakes coming from the southern and southeastern parts of the caldera. Tremor remained low to absent, however. The tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained at moderate strength. No significant deformation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 November-16 November 2004

Lava from Kilauea's PKK flow continued to enter the sea during 10-16 November at a newly formed lava delta at the eastern Lae`apuki entry area. On 16 November the delta grew along a wide front, mostly near and W of the most seaward point. A new arm of the delta-feeding flow had formed ~100 m farther E. Two vigorously active tips of this new arm were within 180 m of the sea cliff just E of the new delta, and at their current rate of advance they could enter the sea within a day. All vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent during this period. Seismicity was weak at Kilauea's summit, with essentially no tremor recorded. Tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. No significant deformation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 November-9 November 2004

Lava from Kilauea's PKK flow entered the sea during the evening of 4 November. This was the first time lava had entered the sea since the Banana lava delta ceased operation in early August 2004. On the morning of 5 November, the entry was small, but vigorous. The width of the feeding lava flow was ~30 m and the new delta just starting to form seaward of the Lae`apuki delta was at most 70 m long and 8 m wide perpendicular to the shoreline. By 8 November the new lava delta was ~100 m wide along the shore and reached as far as 15 m seaward from the front of the old Lae`apuki delta. During 4-8 November, all vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent. Seismicity was weak at Kilauea's summit, with essentially no tremor recorded. Tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. No significant deformation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 October-2 November 2004

During 28-31 October, surface lava was visible on the PKK lava flow on the Pulama pali fault scarp and all vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent. Seismicity was weak at Kilauea's summit and essentially no tremor was recorded. Tremor remained at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. During the report period, no significant deformation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 October-26 October 2004

During 21-24 October, patches of incandescent lava were visible on the PKK lava flow on the Pulama pali fault scarp and all vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent. Seismicity was at low levels at Kilauea's summit and essentially no tremor was recorded there. Tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. During the report period, there were episodes of inflation and deflation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 October-19 October 2004

During 13-18 October, surface lava flows were visible on the PKK lava flow on the Pulama pali fault scarp and all vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent. Tremor remained at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o and essentially no tremor was recorded at Kilauea's summit. A M 4.5 earthquake on 13 October at 1318 occurred about 6 km S of Pu`u `O`o at a depth of ~9 km. The earthquake permanently offset the Pu`u `O`o tiltmeter and several others on the volcano. During the report period, little deformation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 October-12 October 2004

On 11 and 12 October, patches of incandescent lava were visible on the PKK lava flow on the Pulama Pali fault scarp and all vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent. Tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Essentially no tremor was recorded at Kilauea's summit. A M 4.0 earthquake occurred at Kilauea's summit at a depth of ~32 km on 11 October at 1030 that affected tilt meters. Taking earthquake- and rainfall-induced tilts into account, the volcanic tilt was minor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 September-5 October 2004

During 30 September to 5 October, patches of incandescence were visible at the PKK lava flow on the Pulama pali scarp and all vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent. During the report period, seismicity was weak at Kilauea's summit, with essentially no tremor recorded. Tremor was moderate at Pu`u `O`o. In addition, small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 September-28 September 2004

During 22-27 September, all vents in Kilauea's Pu`u `O`o cone were incandescent. After several days of absence, lava was again visible on the Pulama pali fault scarp beginning on the 23rd. The lava was at the tip of the western branch of the PKK flow. During the report period, seismicity was weak at Kilauea's summit, with essentially no tremor. Tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. In addition, periods of inflation and deflation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 September-21 September 2004

HVO reports noted that all vents in Pu`u `O`o's crater were incandescent during this period, and glow was frequently observed from the upper reaches of the PKK flow. As of the 20th seismicity was weak at Kilauea's summit, with essentially no tremor recorded, and tremor was moderate at Pu`u `O`o. Small episodes of deflation-inflation-deflation were also recorded during 15-21 September.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 September-14 September 2004

During 9-12 September, a small amount of surface lava was visible atop Kilauea's Pulama pali and all vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent. Seismicity at Kilauea's summit was low and tremor at Pu`u `O`o was moderate. Small episodes of deflation and inflation occurred during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 September-7 September 2004

During 2-6 September, surface lava flows were visible at Kilauea on the Pulama pali fault scarp, and all vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent. Seismicity was weak beneath Kilauea's summit and tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o'. Small amounts of deformation occurred during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 August-31 August 2004

During 25-31 August, surface lava flows were visible at Kilauea on the Pulama pali fault scarp, and all vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent. Seismicity was weak beneath Kilauea's summit. There was no tremor beneath Kilauea, and it was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o'. Small inflation and deflation events occurred during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 August-24 August 2004

During 21-24 August, surface lava flows were visible at Kilauea on the Pulama pali fault scap and all vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent. Seismicity was weak beneath Kilauea's summit. There was no tremor beneath Kilauea and it was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o'. There was a small deflation-inflation-deflation deformation event during 21-22 August.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 August-17 August 2004

During 11-17 August surface lava flow were visible on Pulama pali, and the vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent. Lava had not entered the sea since 4 August. Seismicity was weak beneath Kilauea's summit, and tremor was at moderate-to-high levels at Pu`u `O`o. There were periods of small inflation and deflation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 August-10 August 2004

At Kilauea during August 5-9, no lava entered the sea. Surface lava flows were active on the coastal flat and the Pulama pali fault scarp over 5-6 August. During the report period, seismicity was weak beneath Kilauea's summit and tremor was at moderate-to-high levels at Pu`u `O`o. In addition, there were small periods of inflation and deflation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 July-3 August 2004

An episode of deformation consisting of deflation, inflation, then deflation began at Kilauea on the morning of 27 July. It was accompanied by increased surface activity at several places. During inflation, seismicity greatly increased below Kilauea's caldera. Field observers reported that deformation may have occurred at the S flank of Pu`u `O`o. Several surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat during 28 July to 2 August, and lava continued to flow into the sea. Aside from the deflation-inflation-deflation event, seismicity was weak beneath Kilauea's summit and tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at moderate-to-high levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 July-27 July 2004

Several surface lava flows were visible at Kilauea during 22-26 July, and all vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent. Seismicity was weak beneath Kilauea's summit and tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at moderate-to-high levels. During 22-25 July, deflation occurred at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 July-20 July 2004

Several surface lava flows were visible at Kilauea during 15-19 July, and all vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were incandescent. Seismicity was weak beneath Kilauea's summit and tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at moderate-to-high levels. Small amounts of deflation and inflation were recorded during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 July-13 July 2004

Lava continued to flow through lava tubes from the Pu`u `O`o vent 12 km to the sea during 7-13 July. Lava spilled onto the surface from several skylights along the path of the tube system and spread across the slowly growing lava delta along the volcano's south shoreline. Volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at moderate-to-high levels, but no tremor was recorded at the summit. A relatively large deflation event at Pu`u `O`o on 11 July produced no apparent change in lava discharge.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 June-6 July 2004

During 29 June to 6 July, lava continued to flow down the Pulama pali scarp and small amounts flowed into the sea. In addition, vents at Pu`u `O`o cone were incandescent. A few small earthquakes continued beneath Kilauea's summit, but no tremor was recorded. Tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at moderate-to-high levels. A relatively large deflation event occurred on 29 June, with no obvious accompanying changes in eruptive activity.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 June-29 June 2004

During 24-28 June, lava continued to flow down the Pulama Pali scarp, Paliuli, and into the sea. In addition, vents at Pu`u `O`o cone were incandescent. A few small earthquakes continued beneath Kilauea's summit, but no tremor was recorded. Tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at moderate-to-high levels. During the report period, small periods of inflation and deflation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 June-22 June 2004

During 16-22 July at Kilauea, lava continued to flow into the ocean and vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o were active. Surface lava flows were visible descending the Pulama pali scarp and Paliuli, a steep slope and cliff below Pulama pali and just above the coastal flat. A few small earthquakes were recorded beneath Kilauea's summit, but no tremor was recorded. Tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at moderate-to-high levels. Episodes of inflation and deflation occurred during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 June-15 June 2004

On 13 June, two collapses occurred at Kilauea's western lava delta, sending sizable chunks of the delta into the sea. On 14 June, most lava was being supplied to the ocean through lava tubes, but several surface lava flows were visible on the delta and traveling down the old sea cliff behind the Wilipe`a delta. The larger eastern lava delta had several active lava entries into the ocean, mostly larger than those on the western delta. All vents were active in the crater of Pu`u `O`o. A few small earthquakes were recorded beneath the summit of Kilauea and no tremor was detected. Tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at a moderate-to-high level.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 June-8 June 2004

Lava from Kilauea continued to enter the ocean at several points throughout the reporting week, culminating in several new lava deltas. Some small littoral explosions were reported on 6 June, but otherwise the ocean entry was passive. Many small lava flows were observed in the area of the ocean entries, on the coastal flat, in the Paliuli area, and in the Kuhio area. Incandescence and some minor spattering was observed at Pu`u `O`o throughout the week. Seismicity at Pu`u `O`o was moderate to high, but the overall seismicity at Kilauea was low. Several episodes of inflation and deflation were recorded during the week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 May-1 June 2004

Kilauea's Banana lava flow reached the sea on 30 May near the eastern end of the Wilipe`a lava delta. This was the first time lava had reached the sea since July 2003. The interaction of the water and lava was not explosive. During 26-31 May, low-frequency earthquakes and no noticeable tremor occurred at Kilauea's summit. Tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at its typical moderate level.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 May-25 May 2004

During 19-21 May, the Banana lava flow traveled toward down the Pulama pali toward the sea, reaching within ~200 m of the sea cliff before stopping on the morning of 21 May. Around this time, a few incandescent areas were visible along the flow. During 19-23 May, tremor was at low levels at Kilauea's summit and at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. There were small episodes of inflation and deflation at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 May-18 May 2004

On 12 May, the Banana lava flow at Kilauea stopped moving toward the sea. There were several incandescent areas along the route of the flow from Paliuli to the top of Pulama pali. During the report period, tremor was at low levels at Kilauea's summit and at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. A deflation-inflation-deflation event occurred at Kilauea's summit on 15 May.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 May-11 May 2004

During 5-11 May, lava from Kilauea continued to flow down the Pulama Pali and incandescence was observed in the crater of Pu`u `O`o. On 8 May the lava-flow front was ~430 m from the ocean. During the report period, tremor was at low levels at Kilauea's summit and at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small episodes of inflation and deflation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 April-4 May 2004

During 28 April to 4 May, lava from Kilauea continued to flow down the Pulama Pali and incandescence was observed in the crater of Pu`u `O`o. On 2 May, lava from the recently named Banana flow began pouring over Paliuli and advanced onto the coastal flat. By 4 May the lava-flow front was ~1 km from the ocean, the closest proximity to the coast since the fall of 2003. During the report period, tremor was at low levels at Kilauea's summit and at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small episodes of inflation and deflation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 April-27 April 2004

During 22-27 April, lava from Kilauea continued to slowly flow down the Pulama Pali and incandescence was observed in the crater of Pu`u `O`o. During most of the report period, tremor was at low levels at Kilauea's summit. Tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small episodes of inflation and deflation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 April-20 April 2004

During 14-20 April, lava from Kilauea continued to slowly flow down the Pulama Pali and incandescence was observed in the crater of Pu`u `O`o. Tremor was at low levels at Kilauea's summit and moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Small episodes of inflation and deflation occurred during the reporting week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 April-13 April 2004

During 7-12 April, incandescence was visible in the crater of Pu`u `O`o cone and to its S. No tremor or low-frequency earthquakes were recorded at Kilauea, and tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained at typical moderate levels. There were small periods of inflation and deflation during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

31 March-6 April 2004

During 31 March to 5 April, surface lava flows were visible at the southern part of Kilauea's rootless-shield complex, which is along the Mother's Day lava tube several hundred meters S of Pu`u `O`o cone. Incandescence was also visible from several vents in the crater of Pu`u `O`o. Seismicity was at low levels at Kilauea's summit, and tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained moderate. During the report period, there were episodes of inflation and deflation at Uwekahuna and Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 March-30 March 2004

During 24-30 March, two surface lava flows were active at the southern part of Kilauea's rootless-shield complex: the MLK flow and the Kuhio flow. The summit-deflation event that began on 20 March ended on 23 March, with only minor inflation and deflation events recorded after 23 March. A weak swarm of low-frequency earthquakes and a 2-hour period of moderate-to-strong volcano-tectonic earthquakes were recorded during 24-25 March. Overall, seismicity was at low levels during the reporting period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 March-23 March 2004

During 17-23 March, there were surface lava flows at the southern part of Kilauea's rootless-shield complex, which is along the Mother's Day lava tube S of Pu`u `O`o cone. A deflation-inflation-deflation event on 20 March culminated in lava emerging from the S base of Pu`u `O`o cone. No surface lava had been added to the crater floor over the previous couple of weeks. During the report period, very weak background tremor continued at Kilauea's summit along with brief periods of long-period earthquakes. Volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained at moderate levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 March-16 March 2004

During 11-15 March most lava flows at Kilauea were emitted from the lower and upper ends of the rootless shield complex, which is along the Mother's Day lava tube south of Pu`u `O`o cone. On 4 March, a lava flow began to issue from vents at the S base of Pu`u `O`o and traveled ~3 km S. This flow was sporadically active through 15 March. During the report period, very weak background tremor continued at Kilauea's summit along with a few long-period earthquakes. Tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained at moderate levels. Small periods of inflation and deflation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 March-9 March 2004

During 5-8 March at Kilauea, incandescence revealed surface lava flows in the Pu`u `O`o crater and at the southern part of the rootless shield complex (an area ~0.5 km SW of Pu`u `O`o). Very weak background tremor continued at Kilauea's summit along with a few long-period earthquakes. Tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained at moderate levels. Small periods of inflation and deflation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 February-2 March 2004

During 26 February to 1 March at Kilauea, incandescence revealed surface lava flows in the southern part of the rootless shield complex (an area ~0.5 km SW of Pu`u `O`o) and in Pu`u `O`o's crater. Very weak background tremor continued at Kilauea's summit, and volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at moderate levels. There were periods of inflation and deflation at Pu`u `O`o and Kilauea's summit.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 February-24 February 2004

During 19-23 February, lava mainly erupted from the S side of Kilauea's Pu`u `O`o crater. A large deflation event on 21 February during 0711 to 1413 amounted to 10.9 microradians of deformation. Weak background tremor continued at Kilauea's summit along with a few long-period earthquakes. Tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at moderate levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 February-17 February 2004

During 12-17 February, lava flows and incandescence were sometimes visable in Pu`u `O`o's crater, the rootless shield complex (an area ~0.5 km SW of Pu`u `O`o), and the upper area of the Mother's Day lava tube (SW of Pu`u `O`o). Weak background tremor occurred at Kilauea's summit along with a few long-period earthquakes. Tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at moderate-to-low levels. Small deflation and inflation events occurred at the summit and at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 February-10 February 2004

During 5-10 February, lava flows and incandescence were sometimes visable in Pu`u` O`o's crater and at the rootless shield complex (an area ~0.5 km SW of Pu`u `O`o). Weak background tremor occurred at Kilauea's summit along with a few long-period earthquakes. Tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at moderate-to-low levels. Small deflation and inflation events occurred at the summit and at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 January-3 February 2004

During 29 January to 1 February mild volcanic activity occurred at Kilauea, with incandescence visible at vents in Pu`u `O`o's crater and small surface flows on the central or southern part of the rootless shield complex, an area ~0.5 km SW of Pu`u `O`o. Starting on 18 January, when the MLK vent formed, the distance across the summit caldera decreased significantly, ending a period of increasing extension rate since the Mother's Day event in May 2002. During the report period, weak tremor occurred at Kilauea's summit along with a few long-period earthquakes. Tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained moderate. Small deflation and inflation events occurred at the summit and at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 January-27 January 2004

On 22 January lava was emitted from the vent that formed at Kilauea on 19 January (the vent and lava flow S of Pu`u `O`o cone were named MLK in honor of the activity that began on Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthday). There were also surface lava flows at the W side of the Amalgamated Bend shield SW of Pu`u `O`o. By 26 January there were no surface lava flows at the MLK vent, and incandescence was only visible at the S part of the rootless shield complex. On 23 January moderate-to-strong tremor beneath Kilauea's caldera stopped, while it lessened at Pu`u `O`o. On 26 January deflation that began on 18 January ended at Pu`u `O`o after reaching 24.7 microradians. This was probably the largest deflation event since early 1997.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 January-20 January 2004

On 18 January during 0550 to 0830 a large period of deflation occurred at Kilauea's Pu`u `O`o cone, amounting in 18.1 microradians of net deflation. During this period a fissure opened at the SE base of Pu`u `O`o, trending approximately radial to the cone. Lava was emitted from the fissure and from three to four vents nearby. The initial flow reached about 1.5 km S of the cone. The S side of Pu`u `O`o was cut by many new fractures. The longest fracture constituted the N boundary of a shallow graben (a linear trough bounded by faults) that was ~75 m long and up to 1 m deep. Surface lava flows were emitted from the E end of the graben, at the base of Pu`u `O`o. The area S of Pu`u `O`o cone appeared to be quite unstable, so HVO scientists warned that no one should venture into the area. Seismicity at Kilauea's summit during 15-20 January was at low levels, while tremor at Pu`u `O`o was continuous and at moderate levels. The tremor picked up during the formation of the graben on 18 January. As of 20 January tilt continued to steadily decline following the 18 January deflation event.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 January-13 January 2004

Volcanic activity continued at Kilauea's Pu`u `O`o crater during 8-12 January. Observers confirmed that most of the cones in the crater grew during the previous week and most cones were incandescent. Some days much lava was emitted from the West Gap vent, and the West Gap lava shield (a pile of lava flows built over a lava tube rather than over a conduit feeding magma) continued to expand. At Kilauea's summit few earthquakes and little, if any, volcanic tremor occurred. Volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o was continuous and at moderate levels. During the report period, small episodes of inflation and deflation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

31 December-6 January 2004

During 30 December to 5 January, volcanic activity continued at Kilauea's Pu`u `O`o crater, but surface lava flows were not observed on Pulama pali or the coastal flat below Paliuli and no lava entered the ocean. During 30 and 31 December, much lava was emitted from vents on the W side of Pu`u `O`o's crater floor. Nearly the entire W part of the crater floor was covered by new lava flows. Above the Pulama pali fault scarp, SW of Pu`u `O`o, several active shields (a pile of lava flows built over a lava tube rather than over a conduit feeding magma) were seen in the upper rootless shield complex on 31 December and spatter cones were seen at the top of West Gap shield on 5 January. During the report period, few earthquakes occurred at Kilauea's summit and volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o continued at moderate levels. In addition, small amounts of inflation and deflation were recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 December-30 December 2003

During 24-30 December, no active lava flows were observed on Pulama pali or the coastal flat below Paliuli and no lava entered the ocean. Eruptive activity continued at the Pu`u `O`o vent. Few earthquakes occurred at Kilauea's summit, only steady weak tremor was recorded. Volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o continued at moderate levels. Deflation of the volcano during 24-28 December signified relatively rapid extrusion.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 December-23 December 2003

During 18-22 December, eruptive activity at the Pu`u `O`o vent of Kilauea continued unabated. Fresh lava from the southwestern vents within Pu`u `O`o coated a quarter of the crater floor. No active flows were observed on Pulama pali or the coastal flat below Paliuli and no lava entered the ocean. As of 18 December surface lava flows at high elevations along the Mother's Day lava-tube system ignited trees. A few small earthquakes were recorded at Kilauea's summit along with steady weak tremor. Volcanic tremor continuously occurred at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o and small amounts of inflation and deflation were detected during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 December-16 December 2003

During 10-16 December, eruptive activity continued at Kilauea's Pu`u `O`o vent. Various vents within Pu`u `O`o were occasionally active and new lava flows covered parts of the crater floor. No surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat or Pulama pali. During 15-16 December, only steady weak tremor was recorded at Kilauea's summit, tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at moderate levels, and slight deformation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 December-9 December 2003

During 3-9 December, incandescence and surface lava flows were observed in the upper flow field at Kilauea. Seismicity was low with weak tremor in the caldera interspersed with rare earthquakes. The swarm of shallow long-period earthquakes reported last week is over. Short periods of inflation and deflation occurred throughout the week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 November-2 December 2003

During 30 November to 2 December, incandescence was visible from lava in the upper flow field. Surface lava flows were not seen on the coastal flat or Pulama pali. At Kilauea, relatively strong shallow long-period seismicity at Halemaumau crater on 29 November decreased the following day. On these days a few deeper long-period earthquakes were recorded. On 29 November small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred, followed by very little deformation on 30 November.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 November-25 November 2003

Minor surface lava flows were observed upslope of Kilauea's coastal plain the week of 19-25 November. Small amounts of inflation and deflation were recorded through the week with sharp deflation beginning at both Uwekahuna and Pu`u O`o early on the morning of 25 November. Moderate, shallow seismicity was recorded beneath the summit, and moderate-to-high seismicity occurred beneath Pu`u O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 November-18 November 2003

During 12-17 November, areas of surface lava were visible upslope of Kilauea's coastal flat. Seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with one or two small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger earthquakes at depths of a few kilometers. Also, during the report week small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred, including inflation on 17 November that started when the surface waves from a M 7.5 earthquake at Rat Island in the Aleutians reached Kilauea. The inflation was small, about 0.5 microradians at Pu`u `O`o tilt station and 0.3 microradians at Uwekahuna station.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 November-11 November 2003

Tiltmeters located on the NW side of Kileauea's caldera rim (Uwekahuna) and on the NW flank of the active vent along the East rift zone (Pu`u `O`o cone) showed several microradians of radial tilt, but the week's patterns were complex and plagued by instrument problems.

Moderate seismicity at the summit of Kilauea continued. Many small, low frequency earthquakes have taken place at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. The tiny earthquakes happened at the rate of about 1-2 per minute. As has been typical of the ongoing swarm for the past several weeks, some larger earthquakes also occurred, these coming from depths of a few kilometers. Little or no volcanic tremor accompanied the swarm at the summit. In contrast, as is the norm, volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained moderate to high.

On 5 November, two small breakouts occurred. The freshly escaping lava was seen on the Kohola arm of the Mother's Day flow just below the top of the steep cliffs called Pulama pali. Observers watching a 30-40 m diameter crater located on the SW side of Pu`u `O`o crater noted a new lava pond, a new lava flow, and a fuming cone-pit. Visits to active flow fields on 7 November resulted in observations of hornitos, a 200-m-wide rootless shield, and the leading edge of 45-m-wide flow.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 October-4 November 2003

During 29 October to 3 November, areas of surface lava were visible upslope of Kilauea's coastal flat. Seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with one to two small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger earthquakes at depths of a few kilometers. Also, during the report week small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 October-28 October 2003

During 22-28 October, areas of surface lava were visible upslope of Kilauea's coastal flat. Seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with one to two small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger earthquakes at depths of a few kilometers. Also, during the report week small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 October-21 October 2003

During 15-20 October, a few areas of surface lava were visible upslope of Kilauea's coastal flat. Seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with one to two small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger earthquakes at depths of a few kilometers. Also, during the report week small amounts of inflation and deflation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 October-14 October 2003

During 8-14 October, a few areas of surface lava were visible upslope of Kilauea's coastal flat. Generally, seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with 1-2 small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger earthquakes at depths of a few kilometers. Also, there were small inflation and deflation events during the report week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 October-7 October 2003

During 1-7 October, surface lava flows were sometimes visible on Kilauea's coastal flat and upslope areas. On 2 October lava began to flow westward after filling West Gap Pit on the W flank of Pu`u `O`o cone. Fairly vigorous spattering was visible in the pit, but died to only sporadic bursts later in the day. The flow appeared to have stopped by 4 October when no glow was observed coming from the pit. Generally, seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with 1-2 small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger earthquakes at depths of a few kilometers. Also, there were small inflation and deflation events during the report week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 September-30 September 2003

During 24-30 September, surface lava flows were sometimes visible on Kilauea's coastal flat and upslope areas. Generally, seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with 1-2 small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger earthquakes at depths of a few kilometers. There was very little deformation during the report week until small events occurred on 27 September.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 September-23 September 2003

During 17-23 September, surface lava flows were sometimes visible on Kilauea's coastal flat and upslope areas. Surface lava flows were about 800 m inland of the coast on 21 September. Generally, seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with 1-2 small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger earthquakes at depths of a few kilometers. Small inflation and deflation events occurred during the week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 September-16 September 2003

During 10-16 September, surface lava flows were sometimes visible on Kilauea's coastal flat and upslope areas. Generally, seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with 1-2 small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger earthquakes at depths of a few kilometers. Small inflation and deflation events occurred during the week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 September-9 September 2003

During 4-9 September, surface lava flows were sometimes visible on the coastal flat and in areas upslope. Generally, seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with 1-2 small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger events at depths of a few kilometers. Small inflation and deflation occurred during the report week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 August-2 September 2003

A M 5.0 earthquake occurred 10 km beneath Kilauea's central S flank on 26 August at 2024. It was the largest earthquake since 2 April 2000, an event that occurred in almost exactly the same spot. No significant damage was done, no cracks or rockfalls were seen, and there was no change in the eruption. During 27 August to 1 September, surface lava flows were sometimes visible on the coastal flat and upslope on Pulama pali. Generally, seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with 1-2 small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger events at depths of a few kilometers. Small inflation and deflation occurred during the report week.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Associated Press

20 August-26 August 2003

During 20-25 August at Kilauea, surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat and upslope on the Holei Pali. Generally, seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with 1-2 small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger events at depths of a few kilometers. Small inflation and deflation occurred several times during the report week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 August-19 August 2003

During 13-18 August at Kilauea, surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat, in some areas flowing to within 500 m of the sea. Generally, seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with 1-2 small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger events at depths of a few kilometers. Small inflation and deflation occurred during the report week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 August-12 August 2003

Surface lava flows were visible on Kilauea's coastal flat and at several areas upslope during 6-12 August. Deflation that began on 8 August amounted to about 1.8 microradians at Uwekahuna tiltmeter and 4 microradians at Pu`u `O`o tiltmeter, both located at the volcano's summit. The deflation was accompanied by a drop in the level of lava in a lava tube, as seen by field workers at midday. Then, inflation began later that day at 1928, and in ~3.5 hours there was ~3.5 microradians of inflation at Uwekahuna and ~6 microradians at Pu`u `O`o. A lava breakout occurred on 9 August between 0200 and 0300, about 1.3 km SE of the center of Pu`u `O`o cone. A very large sheet flow emerged from a point on the uptube side of a rootless shield that was formed on 21 January. Observers saw a lava stream, up to 40 m wide. By 0600 the area of the flow was about 5.2 hectacres (0.052 square km). During the report week, seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with many small, low-frequency earthquakes continuing at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera every 1-2 minutes. During the deflation on 8 August, there was an increase in such earthquakes and changes in their frequency content. Some larger events occurred at depths of a few kilometers, as had been the case during the previous several weeks

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 July-5 August 2003

During 30 July- 5 August at Kilauea, surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat and upslope on the Pulama pali and beginning around 3 August at the Holei pali. Surface lava flowed to within 1.1 km of the sea. Generally, seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with 1-2 small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger events at depths of a few kilometers. Small inflation and deflation occurred during the report week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 July-29 July 2003

During 23-28 July at Kilauea, surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat and upslope on the Pulama pali. No lava flowed into the sea. Generally, seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with 1-2 small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger events at depths of a few kilometers. Small inflation and deflation occurred during the report week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 July-22 July 2003

During 16-22 July at Kilauea, surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat and upslope on the Pulama pali and Paliuli. No lava flowed into the sea. Generally, seismicity at Kilauea's summit continued at moderate levels, with 1-2 small low-frequency earthquakes per minute occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were some larger events at depths of a few kilometers. Small inflation and deflation occurred during the report week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 July-15 July 2003

During 12-15 July at Kilauea, surface lava flows were occasionally visible on the coastal flat and upslope on the Pulama pali fault scarp and Paliuli. Seismicity continued at moderate levels at Kilauea's summit, with small low-frequency earthquakes persisting at shallow depths at a rate of about 1-2 per minute. Volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained at moderate-to-high levels, as is the norm recently. Small periods of inflation and deflation occurred during the report week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 July-8 July 2003

During 2-8 July at Kilauea, surface lava flows were occasionally visible on the coastal flat and upslope on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Small amounts of lava continued to flow into the ocean at the Highcastle ocean entry. Seismicity continued at moderate levels at Kilauea's summit, with small low-frequency earthquakes persisting at shallow depths at a rate of about 1-2 per minute. Volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained at moderate-to-high levels, as is the norm recently. Small periods of inflation and deflation occurred during the report week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 June-1 July 2003

During 25-30 June at Kilauea, surface lava flows were occasionally visible on the coastal flat and upslope on the Pulama pali fault scarp, but diminished by 29 June. Seismicity continued at moderate levels at Kilauea's summit, with many small low-frequency earthquakes continuing at shallow depths at a rate of about 1-2 per minute. Volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained at moderate-to-high levels, as is the norm. Small periods of inflation and deflation occurred during the report week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 June-24 June 2003

During 18-24 June at Kilauea, lava continued to weakly enter the sea at the Highcastle entry and surface lava flows were occasionally visible on the coastal flat and upslope on the Pulama pali fault scarp. Seismicity continued at moderate levels at Kilauea's summit, with many, small, low-frequency earthquakes continuing to occur at shallow depths at a rate of about 1-2 per minute. Volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained at moderate-to-high levels, as is the norm. Small periods of inflation and deflation occurred during the report week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 June-17 June 2003

At Kilauea lava continued to enter the sea mainly at the Highcastle ocean entry during 11-17 June and surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat and Pulama pali. Seismicity at the summit was at moderate-to-high levels, with many small, low-frequency earthquakes occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera for the past two weeks. Little or no volcanic tremor accompanied the swarm, however. Volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained at moderate-to-high levels, as is the norm. A quasi-cyclic tilt pattern ended at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o on the 13th after lasting about a week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 June-10 June 2003

Small amounts of lava continued to flow into the sea at the Highcastle entry during 4-10 June, and lava flows were sometimes visible on Pulama pali and the coastal flat. Seismicity at the summit of Kilauea continued at moderate-to-high levels, with many small, low-frequency earthquakes occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera for more than a week. The tiny earthquakes occurred at the notably high rate of 2-4 per minute. Little or no volcanic tremor accompanied the swarm, however. Volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained moderate to high, as is the norm. Almost cyclic inflation and deflation occurred during the report week, but did not culminate in significant overall tilt.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 May-3 June 2003

During 27 May to 2 June, lava continued to flow down Kilauea's SE flank, with surface lava flows occasionally visible on the coastal flat and upslope at Pulama pali, and Paliuli. Small amounts of lava continued to flow into the sea at Highcastle beach. A fire started by lava flows the previous week continued to burn W of the flow field. Seismicity at Kilauea's summit was at moderate-to-high levels around 1 June, with many small, low-frequency earthquakes occurring at shallow depths beneath the summit caldera. There were small episodes of inflation and deflation during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 May-27 May 2003

During 21-26 May, surface lava flows were visible on Kilauea's coastal flat and the Pulama Pali fault scarp. Small amounts of lava began to flow into the sea on 21 May. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels, with little or no volcanic tremor occurring at Kilauea's summit. A swarm of small, low-frequency earthquakes occurred during 23 May until at least 26 May. The swarm occurred at shallow depths below the caldera floor and was the second such swarm in a 10-day period. No significant deformation occurred during the report period.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 May-20 May 2003

During 14-19 May, lava flows continued to travel down Kilauea's S flank. Surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat and the Pulama Pali fault scarp. Lava trickled into the sea at the West Highcastle entry on the 14th and then ceased thereafter. Generally, seismicity was at normal to below normal levels, with a few earthquakes and no tremor at Kilauea's summit. There were several small periods of inflation and deflation at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 May-13 May 2003

Lava continued to flow down Kilauea's S flank, with small surface flows visible. On 12 May lava began to enter the sea again at the West Highcastle lava delta. Generally, seismicity was at normal to below normal levels, with very few earthquakes. Volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained at moderate-to-high levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 April-6 May 2003

Lava flows continued to descend the S flanks and pour into the sea. Distances measured across Kilauea caldera between two points ~10 km apart, remained stable as they have since early 2003. There had been consistent progressive lengthening of this distance during late 2001 through mid-2002, and some minor fluctuations after that. In general, tilt during late April through 2 May changed little at Uwekahuna station (W side of the caldera), and showed a progressive decline at Pu`u `O`o station (E of the caldera). In the first few days of May slight inflationary tilt appeared at both stations.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 April-29 April 2003

For the week ending 29 April eruptive activity continued unabated from the Pu`u `O`o vent of Kilauea. The flows on Pulama pali were frequently visible at night as streams of incandescence from the top of the pali down to the coastal flats. Late in the previous week and early in this week, the east arm of the Mother's Day flow split in two with the western segment being more active. A new ocean entry near Lae`apuki only lasted a day before the flow stagnated. Scattered surface breakouts were seen throughout the inflating Kohola flow, especially on its W side. The National Park Service has marked trails out to the closest activity. As of 24 April, lava entered the ocean at two point along the West Highcastle delta.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 April-22 April 2003

During the week ending 22 April, Kilauea continued to erupt, sending lava down its SE flank either traveling over the land surface or through tubes. Lava entered the sea at the West Highcastle entry; activity there was sometimes weak, though one or more glowing areas were typically seen.

On 16 April a large tract of land not over-run by surrounding lava (a kipuka or ahu in the local parlance) remained within the Kohola lava flow, still ~30 cm above the top of inflated lavas that surround it. On the eastern margin of the swath of lava flows going down the steep slopes of Pulama pali, one partly crusted-over lava stream was highly visible. The crater of Pu`u `O`o was dark and obscured by fume. The previous day ended with a small inflation-deflation event recorded at both Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o. These tilt changes began at Uwekahuna.

During 16-17 April, the Uwekahuna tiltmeter at Kilauea's summit recorded three small inflations, the last apparently right at its crest. Pu`u `O`o has generally followed suit, though in this case showing only two of the inflations very well. These tilts are not major but continue to illustrate the clear connection between Kilauea's summit, where most tilt events start, and Pu`u `O`o, 20 km away, where the tilt events follow a few minutes later.

Seismicity during the week was at low to normal levels. Instruments continued to register the summit swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor, which began last June. Volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained elevated, as has been the norm for more than a week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 April-15 April 2003

Lava continued to enter the ocean at the West Highcastle entry at Kilauea during 10-14 April. Surface lava flows were visible on the Kohala flow and the easternmost stream of the Mother's Day flow. Generally, seismicity remained at normal levels, with a swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor continuing to occur. Volcanic tremor was recorded at Pu`u `O`o for more than a week and there were small deformation events at Kilauea's summit and at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 April-8 April 2003

Lava continued to enter the ocean at the West Highcastle entry at Kilauea during 1-8 April. Surface lava flows were visible on the Kohala lava flow and Pulama pali. During the beginning of the report period, lava traveled over the Chain of Craters Road. The lava cooled and ceased flowing over the road by the 3rd. Generally, seismicity remained at normal to below-normal levels. The summit swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor, which began last June, was weak, with scattered earthquakes and sparse low-frequency tremor. Volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o was relatively high during the last few days of the report period. Small deformation changes occurred mostly at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 March-1 April 2003

During 26-30 March at Kilauea, moderate amounts of lava continued to enter the sea at the West Highcastle entry. Surface lava flows were visible along the Kohala lava flow and on Pulama pali. Generally, seismicity was at normal to below-normal levels. The summit swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor, which began last June, was weak, with scattered earthquakes and sparse low-frequency tremor. Small episodes of inflation and deflation occurred at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 March-25 March 2003

During 20-25 March at Kilauea, lava continued to enter the sea at the West Highcastle entry at moderate levels. Surface lava flows were visible along the Kohala lava flow and on Pulama pali. Generally, seismicity remained at normal levels, with the long-lasting swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor at Kilauea's summit, which began last June, continuing at moderate levels. Small episodes of inflation and deflation occurred at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 March-18 March 2003

During 11-18 March at Kilauea, lava flowed into the sea at moderate levels at the West Highcastle entry. Many surface lava flows were visible along the Kohala lava flow. Tongues of lava were visible traveling down Pulama pali that were a part of the activity that began on 12 May 2002 (named the Mother's Day flow). Generally, seismicity remained at normal levels, with the long-lasting swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor at Kilauea's summit, which began last June, continuing at moderate levels. Only small deformation changes were recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 March-11 March 2003

During 4-9 March at Kilauea, lava entered the sea at moderate rates at the West Highcastle entry. Small surface lava flows were scattered across the Kohala lava flow, and surface lava flows were visible above Pulama pali. By 5 March the Kohala lava flow was traveling very slowly towards the sea, to about 30 m away from the sea cliff. Generally, seismicity remained at normal levels, with the long-lasting swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor at Kilauea's summit, which began last June, continuing at low-to-moderate levels. Moderate tremor was recorded by the nearest seismometer to Pu`u `O`o until the seismometer broke on 5 March. Moderate deflation occurred on 8 March first at the Uwekahuna tiltmeter and then at the Pu`u `O`o tiltmeter. According to a news report, a member of a tour group suffered burns on 10 March when he fell on hot lava while hiking near Chain of Craters road.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Honolulu Advertiser

26 February-4 March 2003

During 26 February to 3 March at Kilauea, lava continued to enter the sea at the West Highcastle entry and the lava-flow rate was reduced to a small trickle at the Kohala entry. Small surface lava flows occurred along the W edge of the Kohala lava flow and surface lava flows were visible above the Pulama pali fault scarp. Generally, seismicity remained at normal levels, with the long-lasting swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor at Kilauea's summit, which began last June, continuing at low-to-moderate levels. Moderate tremor was recorded by the nearest seismometer to Pu`u `O`o. Small inflations and deflations occurred at the volcano around 1 March, but no significant deformation was recorded afterwards.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 February-25 February 2003

During 20-24 February at Kilauea, a small amount of lava entered the sea at the West Highcastle entry, and W of there lava flowed into the sea at the Kohala entry (an event that began on 15 February). Fresh lava oozed out of the cooling Kohala lava flow, both within the body of the flow and along its E margin. During the report period, lava continued to cross the Chain of Craters Road. Generally, seismicity remained at normal levels, with the long-lasting swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor at Kilauea's summit, which began last June, continuing at low-to-moderate levels. Moderate tremor was recorded by the nearest seismometer to Pu`u `O`o. During 17-21 February, several small periods of inflation and deflation, which were consistent with each other in magnitude and patterns, were recorded at Uwekahuna and Pu`u `O`o tiltmeters.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 February-18 February 2003

During 12-19 February at Kilauea, lava continued to flow into the sea at the West Highcastle entry. Lava flowed through lava tubes down Pulama pali and Paliuli as it traveled to the sea. Surface lava flows continued to travel through vegetation, igniting fires and causing methane explosions. Rangers' office huts, restrooms, and signs were moved out of the path of the lava flow, which reached the Chain of Craters Road on 19 February at 1005. Generally, seismicity remained at normal levels, with the long-lasting swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor at Kilauea's summit, which began last June, continuing at low-to-moderate levels. Small periods of inflation and deformation, which were consistent in magnitude and patterns, were recorded at Uwekahuna and Pu`u `O`o tiltmeters during the report period.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Honolulu Advertiser

5 February-11 February 2003

During 5-11 February at Kilauea, lava continued to enter the sea at the West Highcastle entry and surface lava flows traveled down the Pulama pali fault scarp. The Chain of Craters road, which provides access to a lava-viewing area, was closed due to a wildfire that was started by lava flows. Generally, the long-lasting swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor at Kilauea's summit, which began last June, continued at low levels. On 9 and 10 February short, small, periods of deflation and inflation occurred at the Uwekahuna and Pu`u `O`o tiltmeters.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Associated Press

29 January-4 February 2003

During 29 January to 3 February at Kilauea, lava continued to enter the sea at the West Highcastle entry. Around 28 January a large lava breakout occurred from the West Highcastle lava tube about 170 m inland from the old sea cliff. As of 2 February the area of the new breakout was about 6.15 hectares. During the report period, seismicity was at background levels at Kilauea. The long-lasting swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor at Kilauea's summit, which began last June, continued at low-to-moderate levels. No significant deformation was recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 January-28 January 2003

During 20-27 January, lava continued to enter the ocean at the West Highcastle entry. Kilauea's summit began to deflate on 20 January at 1710, and Pu`u `O`o began to deflate a few tens of minutes later. Both areas deflated well into the next day. On the 21st at 1610 rapid, brief inflation began at the summit. The inflation and preceding deflation were centered near the NE corner of Halemaumau Crater, the normal center of small deformation events. Seismicity increased with the deformation events, returning to normal levels afterwards. Relatively large surface lava flows were visible starting on 21 January around 2035. By 22 January seismicity had returned to its normal level, with the long-lasting swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor at Kilauea's summit, which began last June, continuing at weak-to-moderate levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 January-21 January 2003

During 15-20 January at Kilauea, lava continued to flow into the sea at the West Highcastle entry. Most of the surface lava flows on the coastal flat crusted over, so that less incandescence was visible than the previous week. At Kilauea seismicity generally remained at background levels. The long-lasting swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor at Kilauea's summit, which began last June, continued at moderate levels. Volcanic tremor was relatively strong at Pu`u `O`o during the report week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 January-14 January 2003

During 8-13 January at Kilauea, lava continued to flow into the sea at the West Highcastle entry. Surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat and upslope of it on Paliuli. Generally, seismicity was at background levels at Kilauea. The long-lasting swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor at Kilauea's summit, which began last June, continued at low-to-moderate levels. No significant deformation was recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

31 December-6 January 2003

During 31 December to 5 January, lava continued to enter the sea at several entry points along three deltas, though by the end of the report week only two were active. Surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat and upslope on Pulama pali. Generally, seismicity continued at background levels at Kilauea. The long-lasting swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor at Kilauea's summit, which began last June, continued at low levels. No significant deformation was recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 December-30 December 2002

During 26-29 December at Kilauea, lava continued to enter the sea at several points along the coast at three lava deltas. Surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat, and upslope at Paliuli, and on the Pulama pali. On 28 December moderate collapses occurred at the Wilipe`a lava delta, apparently in the area of the 15 December collapse. None came anywhere close to the rope barrier, and no explosion debris reached this area. Generally, seismicity continued at background levels at Kilauea. The long-lasting swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor at Kilauea's summit, which began last June, continued at moderate levels. During 27-28 December, slight deflation occurred at the Uwekahuna and Pu`u `O`o tiltmeters.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 December-24 December 2002

During 18-22 December, lava continued to enter the sea at several points along the coast at three lava deltas. Surface lava flows were visible along the E arm that feeds a new lava delta, and sporadically along Paliuli. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels. The swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor beneath Kilauea's caldera, occasionally seismically active since June, continued at a relatively low level. No significant deformation was recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 December-17 December 2002

During 10-17 December, lava continued to enter the sea at several points along the coast. On 15 December, shortly after 0700, the Wilipe'a lava delta partially collapsed, losing about 1/3 of its area. The tip of the delta retreated shoreward about 260 m and most of the collapse was in the central part of the delta. Around the 15th and 16th a substantial collapse occurred at the West Highcastle delta. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels. The swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor beneath Kilauea's caldera, occasionally seismically active since June, continued at a relatively low level. The Pu`u `O`o tiltmeter showed deflation for about one week until the 17th. No other significant deformation was recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 December-10 December 2002

During 4-10 December, lava continued to flow into the sea at entry points from two lava deltas. Moderate-to-large littoral explosions tossed spatter onto the front of the West Highcastle delta. Surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels. The swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor beneath Kilauea's caldera, occasionally seismically active since June, continued to show some short bursts of tremor interspersed with small earthquakes. Small inflation and deflation events occurred at Pu`u` O`o and Uwekahuna tilt meters.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 November-3 December 2002

During 26 November-2 December at Kilauea, lava continued to flow into the ocean at low-to-moderate levels at the West Highcastle and Wilipe`a entries. West Highcastle was the more active of the two lava deltas, with sporadic explosions coming from one of its entry points. Several surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels. A swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor beneath Kilauea's caldera, occasionally active since June, continued to show short bursts of tremor interspersed with numerous small earthquakes. During the report week, small inflation and deflation events occurred at Pu`u `O`o and Uwekahuna tilt meters.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 November-26 November 2002

During 21-24 November at Kilauea, lava continued to enter the sea at several points along two lava deltas (West Highcastle and Wilipe`a), although to a lesser extent than the previous week. Small-to-moderate littoral explosions were common at the entry point near the tip of the West Highcastle delta. Surface flows were visible extending from Paliuli to the coast. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels. Swarms of long-period earthquakes and tremor have been detected since June beneath Kilauea's caldera. During the report week, numerous short bursts of tremor were interspersed with numerous small earthquakes. Besides gentle deflation at Pu`u `O`o, no other significant deformation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 November-19 November 2002

During 13-18 November at Kilauea two lava deltas were active, with lava entering the ocean at times. Only a small amount of incandescence was visible above Paliuli. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels. The swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor beneath Kilauea's caldera, occasionally active since June, continued to show short bursts of tremor interspersed with numerous small earthquakes. Besides gentle deflation at Pu`u `O`o, no other significant deformation occurred.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 November-12 November 2002

During 6-11 November at Kilauea, lava continued to flow into the sea at moderate rates from two lava deltas, as it has for several weeks. Spots of incandescence were visible on Paliuli, on the gentle slope below Pulama pali, and above Pulama pali. Surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat at times. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels. The swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor beneath Kilauea's caldera, occasionally active since June, was rather weak. Short bursts of tremor were interspersed with small earthquakes. Small deflation may have occurred at the Uwekahuna and Pu`u `O`o tiltmeters on the 10th, otherwise no significant deformation was recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 October-5 November 2002

During 30 October to 4 November at Kilauea lava continued to enter the sea from two deltas, as it has for several weeks. Surface lava flows were visible extending from the top of Paliuli to the top of Pulama pali, but were not seen on the coastal flat. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels beneath Kilauea's caldera. Some small bursts of tremor occurred that were interspersed with tiny earthquakes. Inflation and deflation were recorded at times at Uwekahuna and Pu`u `O`o tiltmeters.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 October-29 October 2002

During 23-29 October at Kilauea, lava continued to enter the sea from two deltas as it has for several weeks. Surface lava flows were not visible on the coastal flat or Paliuli, and were occasionally seen near Pulama pali. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels beneath Kilauea's caldera. A swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor beneath the caldera occasionally occurred. A small deflation event began on the 28th that was recorded at Uwekahuna and Pu`u `O`o tiltmeters.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 October-22 October 2002

During 16-21 October at Kilauea, lava continued to flow into the sea at points along two active lava deltas. Surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat, Pulama pali, and Paliuli. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels beneath Kilauea's caldera. A swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor beneath the caldera occasionally occurred. In addition, numerous small bursts of tremor were interspersed with tiny earthquakes. Periods of deflation and inflation occurred at Pu`u `O`o and Uwekahuna.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 October-15 October 2002

During 9-14 October at Kilauea, lava continued to flow into the sea at points along two active lava deltas. Surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat, and sporadically on Pulama pali and Paliuli. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels at Kilauea. A few small swarms of long-period earthquakes and tremor occurred beneath the volcano's caldera. Regular deflation occurred at the Pu`u `O`o tiltmeter, while no significant deformation was recorded elsewhere.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 October-8 October 2002

During 1-6 October at Kilauea, lava entered the sea at several points along two active lava deltas (Middle Highcastle and Wilipe`a). No surface flows were visible on the deltas; lava either entered the water via lava tubes or inflated the delta underneath the surface. Several surface flows were visible on the coastal flat, while no incandescence was seen on Paliuli and only a few glowing spots were visible on Pulama pali. On the 3rd, the swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor beneath Kilauea's caldera that was first active beginning in June, picked up strongly, with numerous long-period events persisting for about a day. Elsewhere there was no unusual seismicity. Around the time of increased seismicity, small periods of inflation and deflation occurred at Pu`u `O`o and Uwekahuna. Otherwise, tiltmeters recorded no unusual deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 September-1 October 2002

During 25-30 September at Kilauea, lava continued to travel SE down Paliuli and Pulama pali, and surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat. Lava entered the sea at multiple points along the fronts of two lava deltas and visitors saw several sudden collapses of the front of the bench (land built out from the sea cliff). Generally, seismicity was at normal levels. The swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor beneath Kilauea's caldera that originally began in June was fairly weak. Periods of small deflation and inflation occurred at Uwekahuna and Pu`u `O`o tiltmeters, but no significant deformation was recorded elsewhere.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 September-24 September 2002

During 17-22 September, at Kilauea lava continued to travel SE down Paliuli and Pulama pali, and surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat. Lava also continued to flow into the sea. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels. For several days before the 18th, there was a period of repetitive inflation and deflation. After the 18th no significant deformation was recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 September-17 September 2002

During 11-16 September, lava continued to travel SE down Paliuli and Pulama pali, and many surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat. Lava flowed onto the Wilipe`a bench directly seaward of the end of the Chain of Craters Road. Lava entered the sea at several points on the NE portion of the front of the bench. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels. There were short periods of inflation and deflation at Uwekahuna and Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 September-10 September 2002

During 3-9 September, lava continued to flow SE down Paliuli and Pulama pali, and many surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat. Lava began to enter the ocean on 3 September. Seismicity was generally at normal levels. The swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor that had been occurring since early June returned to moderate-to-low levels. There were small episodes of inflation and deflation at Uwekahuna and Pu`u `O`o for several days.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 August-3 September 2002

During 27 August to 2 September, lava flowed down Paliuli and Pulama pali, and many surface lava flows were visible on the coastal flat. Seismicity was generally at normal levels, with the swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor that has been occurring since early June fluctuating. There were small episodes of inflation and deflation at Uwekahuna and Pu`u `O`o for several days. By 2 September Pu`u `O`o was slowly deflating.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 August-27 August 2002

During 21-26 August, surface lava flows continued to travel on Kilauea's coastal flat, and down Paliuli, and Pulama pali. On the 21st lava entered the sea near the Highcastle stairs (the more easterly ocean entry), but by the 25th no lava was entering the sea. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels with the swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor fluctuating but typically remaining at high levels. Deformation was nearly flat, or continued long-term trends.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 August-20 August 2002

During 14-19 August, lava flows from Kilauea sporadically entered the sea, traveling to the coast through lava tubes and also on the land surface. On the morning of the 18th several people saw part of a lava bench collapse into the sea. For most of the report period seismicity was at normal levels, with a decrease in the amount of long-period earthquakes and tremor that had been occurring since early June. On the morning of the 18th the amount of long-period seismicity increased. No significant deformation was recorded at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 August-13 August 2002

During 7-13 August, surface lava flows continued to travel down Kilauea's flank into the sea at the Wilipe`a entry and on 7 August at 1427 the W Highcastle lobe reached the sea. On the evening of the 7th several littoral explosions occurred on the E side of the most seaward tip of the lava bench, spraying spatter and solid rocks back onto the bench. No visitors were in the prohibited area. A lava bench began to grow near the W Highcastle flow 10 m from the shoreline and was 30 m long parallel to the sea cliff by 11 August. Surface lava flows also cascaded down Paliuli at times. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels, except for the continued swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor that has been taking place since early June. There were no signs of significant deformation at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

31 July-6 August 2002

By 6 August, only the the Wilipe`a entry was active at Kilauea, with five or six spigots sending lava off the leading edge of the bench into the water. The West Highcastle bench was steaming but had no lava. At the Highcastle kipuka, two actively advancing lobes of lava were found, one 160 m and the other 170 m from the western and eastern remnants, respectively, of the Chain of Craters Road, themselves only 40-60 m from water. Each lobe was moving very slowly.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 July-30 July 2002

Hundreds of spectators flocked to Kilauea to see the spectacular show of lava flowing into the sea at the end of easily accessible Chain of Craters Road. Surface lava flows were visible traveling down Pulama pali, Paliuli, and on the coastal flat. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels, except for the continued swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor that has been ongoing since early June. The swarm increased slightly in the last several days of the report period. Brief inflation occurred at Pu`u` O`o on 26 July.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Associated Press

17 July-23 July 2002

During 16-22 July, surface lava flows were visible traveling on the coastal flat, down the Pulama pali scarp, and down Paliuli, the steep slope and cliff below Pulama pali and just above the coastal flat. On 20 July at 1900 part of the westernmost lava flow reached Chain of Craters road, and by 0445 the next day it was entering the sea in two areas. The active flow front moved relatively quickly for lava at Kilauea on nearly flat ground; the lava flow moved 610 m in 18 hours (35 m/h). Generally, seismicity was at normal levels, except for the continued swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor that has been ongoing since early June. The swarm increased slightly in the last several days of the report period. Slow deflation occurred at Pu`u` O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 July-16 July 2002

During 10-15 July, surface lava flows were visible travelling down the Pulama pali scarp and Paliuli, the steep slope and cliff below Pulama pali and just above the coastal flat. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels, except for the continued swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor that has been taking place since early June. The only significant deformation was recorded on the 9th when deflation began at Pu`u `O`o. It ended by the 13th.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 July-9 July 2002

During 3-9 July, surface lava flows were sometimes visible on Kilauea. Seismicity was at normal levels, except for the continued swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor that has been occurring since early June. Slow deflation was recorded at Pu`u `O`o from 4 July until 6 July when inflation began. Slow inflation continued until at least 9 July.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 June-2 July 2002

During 25-30 June, surface lava flows were visible on Kilauea's SW flank. Mild deflation, totaling 0.9 microradians, occurred at Pu`u `O`o on 26 June around 2130. No other significant deformation was recorded during the report period. Seismicity was at normal levels, except for the continued swarm of long-period earthquakes and tremor that has been occurring below Kilauea's caldera since early June.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 June-25 June 2002

Incandescent surface lava flows were sometimes visible at Kilauea during 19-24 June. Generally, seismicity was at background levels, except at Kilauea's crater where a swarm of long-period earthquakes that began on 5 June continued. In addition, moderate tremor occurred at Pu`u `O`o. Tiltmeters showed no unusual deformation, with overall deflation occurring at Pu`u `O`o and Kilauea's summit during the week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 June-18 June 2002

During 12-17 June, several surface lava flows were visible at Kilauea. Generally, seismicity was at background levels, except at the crater where a swarm of long-period earthquakes occurred since 5 June. Moderate tremor occurred at Pu`u `O`o. After about 2 microradians of deflation at Pu`u `O`o during 11-12 June, no significant deformation was recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 June-11 June 2002

Surface lava flows were visible above, traveling down, and below the Pulama pali scarp. One flow was 1.7 km from the end of the Chain of Craters Road and 1.5 km from the nearest point along the coastline. Swarms of long-period earthquakes occurred in Kilauea's caldera during 5-10 June and moderate tremor occurred at Pu`u `O`o. Slow, uneven deflation started at Pu`u `O`o on 2 June, then inflation began during the evening of 5 June. The fires ignited by a lava flow that began on 12 May had been 65% contained by 10 June and Chain of Craters road was open to the public during the evening.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), US Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

29 May-4 June 2002

Three main surface lava flows were visible at Kilauea during 29 May-2 June. The front of one flow was ~1.8 km from the coast. As of 2 June fires continued to burn that were ignited by a lava flow that began on 12 May. On 29 May the front of the fire was 800 m from Chain of Craters road, which was closed on 1 June after 1,530 acres burned overnight. By 1 June at 0700, when the fire was 15 days old, a total of 2,588 acres had burned downwind of the lava flow. Generally, seismicity across the volcano was at background levels. Volcanic tremor at Kilauea's summit was low, broken occasionally by short-lived long-period earthquakes. Pu`u `O`o had weak-to-moderate tremor. There were no signs of significant deformation at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 May-28 May 2002

During 23-24 May, surface lava flows were visible on Kilauea's coastal flat. For several preceding days an intense swarm of small, shallow, long-period earthquakes occurred beneath Kilauea's caldera, at a rate of about one earthquake every 30 seconds. The swarm abruptly ended on 22 May. By the 24th seismicity at Kilauea was at normal background levels. In addition, tiltmeters recorded no unusual deformation, with Pu`u `O`o slowly inflating.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 May-21 May 2002

Surface lava flows were visible at Kilauea during 15-17 May. The front of one flow was about 2.5 km from the ocean. Following the 12 May inflation event, the level of volcanic tremor and long-period earthquakes at Kilauea's summit was moderate, as was the level of tremor at Pu`u `O`o. No significant deformation was recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 May-14 May 2002

An extremely large deflation episode began at Kilauea's Pu`u `O`o cone on 12 May at about 0720. By 1500 Pu`u `O`o had deflated about 16.5 microradians. Following the onset of deflation at Pu`u `O`o, there was slight deflation at Kilauea's caldera. No new eruptive activity was visible in Pu`u `O`o 's crater. Within a couple of hundred meters of the SW base of Pu`u `O`o, two large ~3-m-wide lava flows were visible that apparently broke out of the upper lava-tube system. By 13 May Pu`u `O`o had deflated 18 microradians, tremor at Pu`u `O`o was higher than preceding the deflation and was accompanied by small earthquakes, background tremor and long-period earthquakes increased at the summit, and no significant deformation was recorded at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 May-7 May 2002

During 1-7 May at Kilauea, activity occurred at the rootless shields and surface lava flows were visible low on the Pulama pali scarp. None of the pits and craters at the foot of Pu`u `O`o were active, although incandescence was visible in some areas. By 7 May lava had poured over the Pulama pali scarp and flowed slowly eastward along the base of the pali. Generally, tremor at Pu`u `O`o was low and steady. Low-level tremor occurred at the caldera as well as a number of small earthquakes. There were no signs of significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 April-30 April 2002

On 23 April inflation occurred at Pu`u `O`o , with no change in seismicity at Kilauea. Observations on the 24th revealed that the January 2002 cone continued to emit lava onto the Pu`u `O`o crater floor. During 24-29 April, no surface lava was visible on Pulama pali. Fairly rapid deflation occurred on the 28th. During the report period, tremor at Pu`u `O`o was at low levels, and only a few small earthquakes and low-level tremor occurred at Kilauea's caldera.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 April-23 April 2002

During 18-22 April, surface activity was visible at a minimum of two vent areas of Pu`u` O`o's crater and at the rootless shields. No surface lava flows were visible on Pulama pali. Generally, tremor at Pu`u` O`o was low and only a few small earthquakes and low-level tremor occurred at Kilauea's caldera. During the report period, slow, small deflations occurred at Pu`u` O`o and the caldera.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 April-16 April 2002

During 10-15 April, observers saw small surface lava flows descending along the path of the lava-tube system that drains the rootless shield area. These flows were sometimes visible above and on the Pulama pali scarp. Activity occurred at the rootless shields, and lava was visible in parts of Pu`u `O`o crater. Generally, seismicity and tilt were at normal levels. Tremor at Pu`u `O`o was low-to-moderate and low-level tremor and a few small earthquakes occurred at Kilauea's caldera. Pu`u `O`o slowly inflated following relatively slow deflation during 13-14 April; otherwise, there were no signs of significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 April-9 April 2002

During 4-6 April, a remarkable series of deflation and inflation events occurred at Kilauea. Beginning on 4 April around 2100, Kilauea's summit deflated and 30 minutes later Pu`u `O`o followed. The summit deflated ~1.7 microradians and Pu`u` O`o dropped ~9 microradians. On 5 April rapid inflation began at 1600 at the summit and 12-13 minutes later at Pu`u` O`o. Inflation ended at the summit at 1700, when the summit abruptly deflated, and at Pu`u` O`o at 1800. Then, tilt at Pu`u` O`o oscillated three times between rapid deflation and slower inflation. After the tilt temporarily settled down, on 6 April at 0508 another oscillatory period commenced. Following 4.5 oscillations, tilt resumed slow, bumpy inflation after 1200 that same day.

During the period of deflation and inflation, long-period earthquakes increased at the summit, while tremor remained steady at Pu`u` O`o until it slightly increased on 6 April. Small surface lava flows were seen on the lower portion of Pulama pali and the upper part of the lava fan. During a brief trip to Pu`u` O`o on the morning of the 6th, scientists saw that the crater lake had risen ~8 m since 29 March (the lake surface was 17 m below the E rim), several cones were active, and lava was flowing into the lava lake from two vents. By the 7th activity had calmed down; tilt was relatively steady, volcanic tremor at Pu`u` O`o was at moderate levels, and tremor at the summit was at low-to-moderate levels. On the 8th there was activity at the rootless shields. Incandescence was not visible at Pu`u` O`o, which possibly means that lava lake activity was waning or had ended.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 March-2 April 2002

During 27 March-2 April at Kilauea, activity continued at the rootless shields and surface lava flows were visible low on the Pulama pali scarp. On 27 March, just after 0300, a small earthquake beneath the caldera triggered more than 30 minutes of increased tremor and small earthquakes. Sharp deflation at Pu`u `O`o on 28 March accompanied a change in eruptive activity at the cone. Observations from a helicopter overflight revealed that new lava was visible just W of the main crater, as well as fountaining, and a circulating pond. By 31 March a lava flow was visible on the floor of Pu`u `O`o's crater and several vents were incandescent. On the 31st volcanic tremor was at low-to-moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o and weak tremor continued below Kilauea's caldera that was occasionally broken by small, long-period earthquakes. Tilt across the volcano was flat or only changed slightly.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 March-26 March 2002

During 20-25 March, the rootless shields remained active at Kilauea and small surface lava flows were visible at the base of the lava fan and on the adjacent coastal flat. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o, and long-period earthquakes and weak tremor continued below Kilauea's caldera. During 21-24 March a small amount of inflation was recorded at Pu`u `O`o, but during most of the report period no deformation was recorded at the volcano.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 March-19 March 2002

During 12-19 March, bright glow was visible over Kilauea emanating from Pu`u `O`o crater and the rootless shield near 665-m elevation. The glow was widely visible in the Puna district. The most intense surface activity at the volcano occurred at the rootless shield. At Pu`u `O`o crater, HVO staff saw several incandescent vents mostly in the crater's S wall. By 18 March a lava flow had flooded the floor of Pu`u `O`o crater. During the week, lava flowed through lava tubes down the Pulama pali scarp, surfacing on the coastal flat below. Surface lava flows, which have been active for more than a month, spread on the lower fan and adjacent coastal flat. The fronts of the lava flows were ~2.3 km away from the coast. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o. Long-period earthquakes and weak tremor continued below Kilauea's caldera. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no evidence of significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 March-12 March 2002

During 6-12 March, lava was visible near the base of the lava fan and on the nearby coastal flat at Kilauea. At times several rootless shields (a pile of lava flows built over a lava tube rather than over a conduit feeding magma) were active. Generally, volcanic tremor was at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o and long-period earthquakes and weak tremor continued at Kilauea's caldera. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no evidence of significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 February-5 March 2002

Lava flowed down Pulama pali, and slowly advanced across the lava fan and adjacent coastal flat. Generally, volcanic tremor remained moderate at Pu`u `O`o, and long-period earthquakes and weak tremor continued at Kilauea's caldera. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no evidence of significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 February-26 February 2002

Surface lava flows were visible atop the Pulama pali scarp and at its base. Activity occurred at rootless shields (a pile of lava flows built over a lava tube rather than over a conduit feeding magma) located between 680- and 640-m elevations. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o, and long-period earthquakes and weak tremor continued below Kilauea's caldera. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no evidence of significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 February-19 February 2002

During 13-19 February, a small surface lava flow was visible at Kilauea on the Pulama pali scarp. No lava has reached the coastal plain or the ocean since the Kamoamoa and E Kupapa`u entries stopped in late January. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o and long-period earthquakes and weak tremor continued below Kilauea's caldera. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no evidence of significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 February-12 February 2002

Surface lava flows along the Kamoamoa lava tube system were visible extending from atop the Pulama pali scarp, down to its base. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o and long-period earthquakes continued below Kilauea's caldera. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no evidence of significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 January-5 February 2002

On 3 and 4 February lava flows were visible atop Pulama pali, along the Kamoamoa flow. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o and long-period earthquakes below Kilauea's caldera continued, though at greatly reduced amplitudes compared to the previous week. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no evidence of significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 January-29 January 2002

During 23-29 January lava entered the sea at the W portion of the Kamoamoa entry, and to a lesser extent at the E Kupapa`u entry. Surface lava flows emerging along the Kamoamoa lava tube system traveled down the Pulama pali scarp. On 22 January a lava flow was visible on Pu`u `O`o's crater floor. Generally, volcanic tremor remained moderate at Pu`u `O`o. The swarm of long-period earthquakes at Kilauea's summit were less regular than they had been for more than a month. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no evidence of significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 January-22 January 2002

Lava entered the ocean at multiple locations along the Kamoamoa entry, while the amount of lava entering the ocean at the E Kupapa`u entry was small. Surface lava flows were visible on both the upper portion of the flow field above the Pulama pali scarp and spreading out on the coastal flat. On 18 January at 0118 a 9.1-km-deep M-4.1 earthquake occurred about 4 km SSE of Pu`u `O`o. Generally, volcanic tremor remained moderate-to-strong at Pu`u `O`o for several days and the ongoing swarm of small long-period earthquakes continued at Kilauea's summit. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no evidence of significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 January-15 January 2002

Lava entered the ocean at multiple locations along the Kamoamoa ocean entry, while the amount of lava entering the ocean at the E Kupapa`u entry was very small. A broad, 1.5- to 2-km-long surface flow was visible on the upper portion of the flow field above the Pulama pali scarp and surface flows that emanated from the Kamoamoa lava tube system were seen on the coastal flat. Generally, volcanic tremor was moderate-to-strong at Pu`u `O`o for several days and the ongoing swarm of small long-period earthquakes continued at Kilauea's summit. Following minor deflation on 11 January, tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 January-8 January 2002

During the week lava continued to flow into the ocean at the Kamoamoa ocean entry. Surface lava was visible on the coastal flat and lava that began to flow on the W side of Kamoamoa caused the lava bench to grow. Slow deflation at the summit (up to 2.3 microradians) occurred on 1 December during noon to around 2300. The next day during 1210-1950 the summit inflated 1.6 microradians. The deformation was not accompanied by a change in seismicity. Generally, volcanic tremor was moderate at Pu`u `O`o and the ongoing swarm of small long-period earthquakes continued at Kilauea's summit. After the period of deflation and inflation no significant deformation was recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 December-1 January 2002

Lava continued to flow into the ocean at the Kamoamoa ocean entry. Surface lava flowed along the Kamoamoa lava tube system, extending from above the Pulama pali scarp down to the lava fan. Generally, volcanic tremor was moderate at Pu`u `O`o and there were many small long-period earthquakes at Kilauea's summit, as there have been for 2 weeks. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 December-25 December 2001

Lava entered the ocean at two areas along the Kamoamoa entry and surface lava flows were visible along the track of the Kamoamoa lava tube. Generally, volcanic tremor was moderate at Pu`u `O`o and there were many small long-period earthquakes at Kilauea's summit. Brief, barely discernable deflation at the volcano's summit on 25 December was the only deformation recorded.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 December-18 December 2001

Lava continued to enter the ocean at the Kamoamoa and E Kupapa`u entries and surface lava flows were observed on the coastal flat. Generally, seismicity was at normal levels; volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o was low-to-moderate and small long-period earthquakes were recorded at Kilauea's summit. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 December-11 December 2001

Lava continued flowing into the ocean at the Kamoamoa and E Kupapa`u ocean entries, and surface lava flows were visible at spots along the Kamoamoa lava tube system. Volcanic tremor was at low-to-moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o and low at Kilauea's summit, with weak long-period earthquakes occurring frequently. On 8 December rapid deflation (~2.4 microradians) occurred at Kilauea's summit, followed shortly thereafter by deflation (~1.9 microradians) at Pu`u `O`o cone. On 9 December abrupt inflation at Kilauea's summit (>6 microradians) was followed by much slower and lesser inflation at Pu`u `O`o. Strong earthquakes and tremor accompanied the inflation. A shallow M 3.4 earthquake was registered in the SE part of the caldera. By 10 December, seismicity had returned to normal levels at the summit, and tremor at Pu`u `O`o remained at a moderate level.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 November-4 December 2001

Volcanic activity at Kilauea remained similar to the previous week, with lava flowing into the ocean at the Kamoamoa and E Kupapa`u ocean entries and surface lava flows at spots along the Kamoamoa lava tube system. Generally, seismicity was normal at the volcano; volcanic tremor was at low-to-moderate levels at Pu`u `O`o and low at Kilauea's summit. Tiltmeters along the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 November-27 November 2001

Lava continued to flow into the ocean at the Kamoamoa and E Kupapa`u entries. HVO personnel confirmed that the Kupapa`u entry was inactive, as was reported the previous week. Surface lava flows were visible near the E Kupapa`u entry and at spots above, on, and below the Pulama pali scarp along the Kamoamoa lava tube system. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at low-to-moderate levels at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o. The level of tremor was relatively low at the summit, but the number of small earthquakes remained well above average. Tremor at Pu`u `O`o varied in amplitude. Tiltmeters along the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 November-20 November 2001

Lava continued to flow into the sea at the E Kupapa`u and Kamoamoa lava entries. The Kupapa`u entry appeared to be inactive by 18 November. Lava was mostly confined to the lava tube systems, with patches of incandescent lava visible above Pulama pali. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at low-to-moderate levels at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o. Tremor at the summit was relatively low. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 November-13 November 2001

Lava continued to flow into the sea at the Kamoamoa, Kupapa`u, and E Kupapa`u entries. Surface lava flows were visible along the Kamoamoa lava tube system and just inland from the Kupapa`u entry. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at low-to-moderate levels at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o. Tremor was relatively low at the summit, but a fairly large number of tiny earthquakes occurred. Bursts of higher-amplitude tremor were interspersed with more continuous tremor at Pu`u `O`o. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

31 October-6 November 2001

During 30 October to 5 November lava continued to flow into the sea at the Kamoamoa and E Kupapa`u entries. On 30 October a new entry located directly off the former Kupapa`u Point was observed. Surface lava flowed above and down Pulama pali along the trace of the Kamoamoa lava tube system. There were possible surface flows at the western portion of the Kamoamoa entry, while surface activity ended at the eastern portion. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at low-to-moderate levels at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o. Tremor was relatively low at the summit; tiny earthquakes occurred that were strongest during the beginning of the week. Bursts of higher amplitude tremor were interspersed with more continuous tremor at Pu`u `O`o. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 October-30 October 2001

Surface lava flows were visible above and on Kilauea's Pulama pali scarp and on the coastal flat. Lava continued to flow through lava tubes, entering the sea at the E Kupapa`u and Kamoamoa entries. By 28 October the rapidly growing lava bench at Kamoamoa was 120 m seaward of the old sea cliff in comparison to 80-100 m the previous week. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at low-to-moderate levels at both Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o. On 24 October short bursts of relatively high amplitude tremor returned to Pu`u `O`o after being nearly absent for 2-3 days. During 23-24 October tiltmeters at the summit and Pu`u `O`o recorded slow deflation. No significant deformation was recorded during the rest of the week.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 October-23 October 2001

During the week, surface lava flows were visible on Kilauea's Pulama pali scarp and lava continued to enter the ocean at the E Kupapa`u and Kamoamoa entries. On 21 October the lava bench at the Kamoamoa entry extended approximately 80-100 m seaward from the old sea cliff. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at low-to-moderate levels at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o. Tremor at the summit was relatively low. Tremor at Pu`u `O`o became rather continuous by 21 October and was no longer broken by brief episodes of stronger events. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 October-16 October 2001

Lava continued to enter the ocean at the E Kupapa`u and Kamoamoa entries. Surface lava flows occurred along the course of the lava tube systems. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at low-to-moderate levels at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o. Background tremor at Pu`u `O`o was interrupted, at intervals of ten's of minutes to an hour or two, by short-lived bursts of relatively vigorous tremor. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 October-9 October 2001

During the week, lava continued to flow into the ocean at the E Kupapa`u ocean entry and at the new Kamoamoa entry and surface lava flows were visible above and on the Pulama pali. The overall size of the E Kupapa`u entry diminished, while activity was divided into two distinct areas at the Kamoamoa entry; one to the E and one to the W. By 8 October lava was only emitted from the W Kamoamoa entry area. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at moderate-to-low levels at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o. Background tremor at Pu`u `O`o was interrupted at intervals of ten's of minutes to an hour or two, by short-lived bursts of relatively vigorous tremor. Besides small deflation at Kilauea's summit on 28 September, tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

26 September-2 October 2001

Lava flows from the W of the active flow field began to enter the ocean at a new area during the evening of 28-29 September. The ocean entry was located S of the former site of Komoamoa camping area. By 30 September a new lava bench and an adjacent black sand beach had begun to form. Lava continued to flow into the ocean at the E Kupapa`u entry, although the overall size of the entry had diminished. Surface lava flows were visible above and on the Pulama pali scarp. The lava flows W and E of the flow field that had been active for the past couple of weeks had mostly crusted over. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at moderate-to-low levels at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o. Background tremor at Pu`u `O`o was interrupted at intervals of ten's of minutes to an hour or two, by short-lived bursts of relatively vigorous tremor. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

19 September-25 September 2001

Lava continued to enter the ocean at the E Kupapa`u ocean entry. Lava flowed down the Pulama pali scarp W and E of the active flow field. The western flow was mainly `a`a. The more vigorous eastern flow had been active for more than two weeks. Surface lava flowed within about 0.6 km of the coastline about 1.8 km W of the E Kupapa`u ocean entry. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at moderate-to-low levels at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o. Background tremor at Pu`u `O`o was interrupted at intervals of ten's of minutes to an hour or two, by short-lived bursts of relatively vigorous tremor. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

12 September-18 September 2001

Lava continued to flow down the Paluma pali scarp, across the coastal flat, and into the ocean at the E Kupapa`u ocean entry. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at low-to-moderate levels at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o. During 12 and 13 September very slight deflation occurred at Kiliauea's summit. During the rest of the week tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation. On 17 September at Pu`u `O`o, background tremor was interrupted at intervals of ten's of minutes to an hour or two, by short-lived bursts of relatively vigorous tremor.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

5 September-11 September 2001

Lava continued to flow down the Paluma pali scarp, across the coastal flat, and into the ocean at the E Kupapa`u ocean entry. The lava flow that began to cover a County lava-viewing road on 1 September ceased flowing by 5 September. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at low levels at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 August-4 September 2001

Lava continued to enter the sea at the E Kupapa`u entry. Surface lava flows were visible on Pulama pali and the coastal flat. By 1 September a surface lava flow that broke out of the ocean-entry tube on the coastal plain during mid-August flowed across a County lava-viewing road. The unpaved section of Highway 130 had been open for less than 2 weeks before the narrow lava flow crossed it. Generally, volcanic tremor remained at low-to-moderate levels at Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), The Honolulu Advertiser

22 August-28 August 2001

Lava continued to flow down the Pulama pali, and into the ocean at the E Kupapa`u entry. On 25 August a small amount of sharp, short-lived inflation occurred at Pu`u `O`o cone and an hour later at Kilauea's summit. No change in volcanic or seismic activity accompanied the inflation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 August-21 August 2001

Lava continued to enter the sea at the E Kupapa`u entry. Surface lava flows were visible on the coastal plain in both the E and W branches of the current flow field. A short, stubby surface flow was visible halfway down the Pulama pali scarp. On 15 August volcanic tremor abruptly increased at Kilauea's summit and at Pu`u `O`o, but it reached only moderate-to-low levels. Generally, weak, rather steady tremor and a few small earthquakes continued beneath Kilauea's caldera. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

8 August-14 August 2001

Small amounts of lava continued to enter the ocean at the E Kupapa`u entry. Surface lava flows were observed issuing from the eastern tube of the current flow field. One of the lobes of lava reached ~1.1 km short of the coast. Generally, weak, rather steady tremor and a few small earthquakes continued beneath Kilauea's caldera. Near Pu`u `O`o, continuous tremor occurred at weak-to-moderate levels. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 August-7 August 2001

Moderate amounts of lava continued to flow into the sea at the E Kupapa`u entry. Surface lava flows were occasionally visible to the E and W of the current lava flow field. Pahoehoe lava was visible slowly spreading on the coastal flat seaward of the base of the Pulama pali scarp. Generally, weak, rather steady tremor and a few small earthquakes continued beneath Kilauea's caldera. Near Pu`u `O`o, continuous tremor occurred at weak-to-moderate levels. Elsewhere, seismicity was at normal levels. Tiltmeters across the volcano showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 July-31 July 2001

During the week small-to-moderate levels of lava entered the ocean at the E Kupapa`u entry. During 26-28 July a stream of `a`a lava continuously advanced down the Pulama pali scarp to the coastal flat on the E side of the current lava flow field. Generally, weak, rather steady tremor and a few related long-period earthquakes continued beneath Kilauea's caldera. Near Pu`u `O`o the tremor also became weak and continuous. Elsewhere, seismicity was at normal levels. Tiltmeters across the volcano indicated no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 July-24 July 2001

During the week lava entered the sea at a moderate rate at the E Kupapa`u entry. On 18 July at 1803 a M 3.5 earthquake rattled though the lower east rift zone of Kilauea. Surface flows were vigorous in two areas of the current lava flow field; one in the E branch of the flow field at the base of the Pulama pali scarp, and the other just SE of the shatter ring in the W branch of the flow field. Generally, weak, steady tremor and a few related long-period earthquakes continued beneath Kilauea's caldera. Near Pu`u `O`o, the tremor alternated from weak, to moderate, to strong over periods of several hours. Elsewhere, seismicity was at normal levels. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone indicated no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 July-17 July 2001

At Kilauea small surface lava flows traveled along the E and W branches of the lava flow field active during the last 6 months and moderate amounts of lava entered the sea at the E Kupapa`u entry. Generally, weak, steady tremor and related long-period earthquakes continued beneath Kilauea's caldera. Near Pu`u `O`o, the tremor alternated from weak, to moderate, to strong over periods of several hours. Elsewhere, seismicity was at normal levels. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone indicated no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 July-10 July 2001

Small surface flows of pahoehoe lava were located in the W and E branches of the lava flow field. Like the previous week, lava poured into the sea at the E Kupapa`u ocean entry. Generally, weak, steady tremor and related long-period earthquakes continued beneath Kilauea's caldera. Tremor remained weak to moderate near Pu`u `O`o and seismicity was at normal levels elsewhere. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone indicated no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 June-3 July 2001

Small surface flows of pahoehoe lava were visible on the coastal flat below Pulama pali, clustered near the E edge of the flow field and to the W. Lava poured into the sea at two main sites along the eastern third of the E Kupapa`u bench. On 26 June from about noon until the evening, less than 1 microradian of deflation occurred at the summit, and about 0.5 microradian of deflation occurred at Pu`u `O`o. Generally, weak, steady tremor and related long-period earthquakes continued beneath Kilauea's caldera. Earthquake activity remained slightly above average at the summit. Tremor remained weak to moderate near Pu`u `O`o and seismicity was at normal levels elsewhere. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone indicated no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 June-26 June 2001

Weak glow was visible in the area where lava entered the sea at the E Kupapa`u entry. Small lava flows were active on the coastal flat at the base of the Pulama pali scarp. Generally, weak, steady tremor and related long-period earthquakes continued beneath Kilauea's caldera. Tremor remained weak to moderate near Pu`u `O`o and seismicity was at normal levels elsewhere. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone indicated no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 June-19 June 2001

Small surface pahoehoe lava flows were visible on the W end of the flow field. Lava entered the sea at the E Kupapa`u ocean entry. Generally, weak, steady tremor and related long-period earthquakes continued beneath Kilauea's caldera. On 18 June for several hours there was a slight increase in long-period earthquakes near the caldera. Tremor remained weak to moderate near Pu`u `O`o and seismicity was at normal levels elsewhere. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone indicated no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 June-12 June 2001

A small number of surface lava flows was visible along the W and E lava tube systems. Generally, weak tremor and related long-period earthquakes continued at a relatively steady rate beneath Kilauea's caldera. Tremor remained weak to moderate near Pu`u `O`o. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone indicated no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

30 May-5 June 2001

During the beginning of the week lava flowed down Pulama pali and entered the ocean at two areas. By 3 June there were few surface flows with most of the lava traveling in lava tubes and entering the ocean sporadically. On 3 June a pause in volcanic activity may have begun at about 0900 with slow deflation (~2.6 microradians) occurring at the tiltmeter closest to HVO. The inflation ended around 2400 and on 4 June at 0125 rapid inflation (~2.7 microradians) began, most occurred in about 55 minutes. On 3 June at 1015 slow deflation (0.9 microradians) began at Pu`u `O`o and ended at about 2200. Slow inflation occurred at least until 4 June. Background volcanic tremor at Kilauea's summit gradually increased on 3 June starting at mid-morning, after the deflation had begun. There was no significant change in the tremor at Pu`u `O`o.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

23 May-29 May 2001

The tilt event that began on 20 May ended the following day and HVO reported that the precursory deflation, remarkably rapid inflation of 10-11 microradians in one hour, and then the slow relaxation of the summit presumably recorded a pulse of magma supplied to the summit reservoir complex. The pulse was then transferred to the Pu`u `O`o area where it is currently stored. Lava continued to flow into the ocean at the SE corner of the lava flow field. On 23 May surface lava flows were visible. On 26 May tremor occurred at low-to-moderate levels beneath Pu`u `O`o, earthquake swarms occurred beneath Kilauea caldera, and background tremor was low. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone indicated no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

16 May-22 May 2001

Lava continued to flow down Pulama pali and was observed entering the sea at the SE corner of the lava flow field. On 20 May the largest tilt event to occur at Kilauea in more than 4 years took place. Beginning at 0500 the volcano's summit began to slowly deflate (~2 microradians) until about 1630 when it very abruptly began to inflate (~10 microradians). The inflation peaked at 1735, and deflation began at 1750. The event was accompanied by strong tremor, which ended a prolonged period of small earthquakes that had lasted, with a 9-hour break on the night of 18 May, for several days. At about 1920 a lava pond was observed forming in Pu`u `O`o crater. Observations the next day revealed that the pond had drained, leaving only a few spattering vents.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

9 May-15 May 2001

Surface lava flows were visible traveling down Pulama Pali. Three ocean-entry benches were seen along the SE corner of the active lava flow field. The active lava flow was 300-500 m from the nearest house in the Royal Gardens subdivision, but the homes may be protected from the lava by a barrier of `a`a deposited in 1983. Volcanic tremor was higher than normal during 12 and 13 May and small earthquakes were recorded in the caldera. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone indicated no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

2 May-8 May 2001

Small streams of lava traveled down the Pulama Pali fault scarp. On 6 May lava was visible entering the sea at three locations and producing small steam plumes. The swarm of long-period earthquakes that occurred beneath the caldera the previous week came to an end. Generally, earthquake activity and volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o and in Kilauea's caldera were at low levels. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone indicated no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

25 April-1 May 2001

Lava continued to flow down the Pulama pali and across the coastal flat. On 25 April a small stream of lava reached the sea for the first time since late January. The lava stopped trickling into the sea on 29 April. On that day an unstable block of the lava bench fell into the sea, producing a loud noise and generating an explosion that tossed rocks onto dry land. A M 4.4 earthquake on the afternoon of 25 April was followed by a few small aftershocks during the rest of the week. A swarm of long-period earthquakes that began on 18 April continued through at least 27 April. The tilt at the summit was neither flat nor consistently in one direction or the other. Tiltmeters along the east rift zone indicated that there was no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

18 April-24 April 2001

Surface lava flows were visible above the Pulama Pali and traveling down it without reaching the coast. The lava flows were predominately pahoehoe with minor `a`a. Generally, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o cone and in Kilauea's caldera was at low levels, although a swarm of long-period earthquakes occurred beneath the caldera from 18 to at least 24 April. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone indicated no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

11 April-17 April 2001

After phases of deflation, inflation, and increased seismicity last week, volcanic activity at Kilauea returned to normal levels. Lava flowed down the Pulama pali and several surface flows were visible on the coastal flat. By 15 April surface lava flows seemed to diminish. Generally, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o cone and in Kilauea's caldera was at a low levels. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone indicated no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

4 April-10 April 2001

Moderate eruptive activity was visible during most of the week, but during 7-9 April Kilauea also went through phases of deflation, inflation, and increased seismicity. On 7 April, lava flowed down the Pulama Pali in two surface streams. At 0300 on 7 April summit tiltmeters began to show deflation, and starting at ~0620 volcanic tremor and long-period earthquakes increased. The phase ended in the early afternoon with a total of 3 microradians of deflation. By 8 April there was no glow from surface flows on or above Pulama Pali, which indicated that an apparent pause in the eruption occurred the previous day. At ~0200 on 8 April the summit began to inflate and about an hour later the amplitude of tremor and the rate of long-period earthquakes began to decline for about 2 hours. The inflation ended at about 1000, regaining up to 2.5 microradians at the summit. By 9 April surface lava flows traveled down Pulama Pali, seismic activity returned to normal levels, and all tiltmeters showed flat signals.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 March-3 April 2001

The HVO reported on 2 April that surface lava flows confined to a single flow in the E branch of the flow field continued to travel down the Pulama Pali. In addition, lava flows were still visible on the coastal plain and were 400-450 m from the coast. Overall, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o cone was at low-to-moderate levels and at Kilauea's caldera tremor was low. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone showed no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 March-27 March 2001

Lava continued to flow down the Pulama Pali and across the coastal flat, but has not yet entered the ocean. During the past few weeks, the flows have covered about 230 m of the private access road to Royal Gardens and are now farther east than any active flows since 1992. Activity is robust on the coastal flat near the truncated road that formerly accessed Royal Gardens but that has long since been cut off by lava. Flows in the area were observed in the last few days to be feeding dozens of breakouts and to be rapidly inflating. Ground observers can often hear methane explosions from burning vegetation along the base of Pulama pali. This activity is part of the "east flow," but lava in the old "west flow" reappeared on the morning of 28 March. Overall, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o was low-to-moderate and tremor at Kilauea's caldera was low. For approximately the previous 2 weeks, small low-frequency earthquakes occurred below the caldera. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone are showing no significant deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 March-20 March 2001

Lava continued to flow down the Pulama Pali and across the coastal flat as it has for the past 2.5 months. By the end of the week the front of the lava flow was within 300 m of the coast. During the previous couple of weeks, the lava flows had traveled farther E than any active flows since 1992. Overall, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o was low-to-moderate and tremor at Kilauea's caldera was low. For approximately the previous 2 weeks, small low-frequency earthquakes occurred below the caldera. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the E rift zone showed flat signals.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 March-13 March 2001

Lava slowly flowed SE down the Pulama pali and across the coastal plain in a broad flow front, ~1.5 km wide. Much of the flow front was within 1-1.3 km of the coastline, with the closest point ~700 m from the coast. Overall, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o was low-to-moderate and tremor at Kilauea's caldera was low. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the E rift zone showed flat signals.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

28 February-6 March 2001

Lava continued to flow down Pulama pali without reaching the sea. Overall, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o was low-to-moderate and tremor at Kilauea's caldera was low. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the E rift zone showed flat signals.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

21 February-27 February 2001

Lava continued to flow SE down the Pulama pali and across the coastal plain to within 1 km of the coast. At 1317 on 20 February a M 3.7 earthquake occurred that was centered about 5 km SE of Halemaumau Crater at a very shallow depth. Brief summit deflation occurred on 24 February, but ended the next day with no corresponding period of inflation following it. NE of Kilauea at Mauna Kea volcano, a swarm of earthquakes occurred during 22-24 February on Mauna Kea's NE flank. The earthquakes were all approximately M 3 and occurred at 2-12 km depth. Swarms occasionally occur in this area of Mauna Kea.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

14 February-20 February 2001

Lava flows continued to travel down the Pulama pali and across the coastal flat without entering the sea. During 17 and 19 February a weak swarm of shallow earthquakes occurred within the caldera. The HVO reported that the swarm was not unusual and appeared to be dying off by the end of the report period. Overall, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o was at low-to-moderate levels. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the E rift zone showed flat signals.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

7 February-13 February 2001

Surface flows continued to travel down the Pulama pali, with no lava entering the sea. A tiltmeter near the HVO showed a small (about 0.4 microradian) deflation shortly before 1230 on 10 February. After 10 February, tiltmeters in the summit area and along the E rift zone showed flat signals. Volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o and in Kilauea's caldera was at low-to-moderate levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

31 January-6 February 2001

The HVO reported that lava had not entered the sea since 29 January. Surface lava flow activity occurred primarily on the E branch of the flow on the Pulama pali, with some breakouts occurring along the trace of the W branch of the flow. Overall, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o and in Kilauea's caldera was at low-to-moderate levels. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the E rift zone showed flat signals.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

24 January-30 January 2001

Surface lava flow activity on Pulama pali gradually declined during 27 and 28 January, with only two flows near the E and W sides of the flow field. By 29 January, the area where lava entered the ocean was relatively large and a small bench (land built out from the sea cliff) was being constructed. Overall, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o and in Kilauea's caldera was at low-to-moderate levels. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone showed no deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

17 January-23 January 2001

According to HVO, a broad lava flow traveled down Pulama pali as a continuation of the series of lava lobes that developed and descended the pali for the previous 2-3 weeks. In addition, a surface breakout E of the main flow traveled down the forested slope. Small volumes of lava began to enter the sea on 21 January, while most of the lava flowed at the surface and stopped short of the coastline. Overall, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o and in Kilauea's caldera was at low-to-moderate levels. Tiltmeters in the summit area and along the east rift zone showed no deformation.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

10 January-16 January 2001

According to HVO, surface flows on Pulama pali diminished after 9 January. Activity continued on the morning of 10 January from both the W and E tongues. Each was incandescent near the top, and on the lower fourth, of the pali. The much larger W tongue was burning trees along its upper E edge. By the early morning of 11 January, the only incandescence was in the W tongue. Fires continued along the E side of the upper W tongue. The crater of Pu`u `O`o was dimly glowing both mornings. By the morning of 16 January, one flow extended more than halfway down the pali, with patchy incandescence near the base. Glow above the pali and E of the flow on the pali moved eastward overnight; this glow has been there for about a week and indicates uncrusted surface lava or a fire. Lava continued to pond, thicken, and gradually spread seaward on the coastal flat below the pali. Only the faintest of glows came from the July 2000 pit on 16 January. Volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o and in Kilauea's caldera continued through this period at a low to moderate level, but bursts of strong tremor lasted about 30 minutes on the morning of the 11th and less than an hour on the 15th.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

3 January-9 January 2001

According to HVO, lava flows continued to travel down the Pulama Pali and across the coastal flat. The flows progressed no farther than ~2 km inland from the sea as they had for the previous two weeks. By the end of the report week, surface lava flows were sparse, and only incandescent patches remained on the Pali and coastal flats. During 6 to 8 January, Kilauea's summit and Pu`u `O`o went through periods of deflation and inflation that were accompanied by increased volcanic tremor. Refer to the US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory update for details about the event. By 8 January the tilt at the summit and Pu`u `O`o, and the seismicity appeared to have returned to background levels.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

27 December-2 January 2001

Surface lava flows continued to travel down Pulama Pali and across the coastal flat to within about 2 km inland from the sea. Overall, seismic tremor was weak-to-moderate near Pu`u `O`o and was weak beneath Kilauea caldera. The tiltmeters at Kilauea's summit and along the east rift zone showed flat signals.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

20 December-26 December 2000

During the week surface lava flows continued to flow down Pulama pali, with the lava flow front more than 2 km inland from the sea. Overall, seismic tremor was weak to moderate near Pu`u `O`o and was weak beneath Kilauea caldera. The tiltmeters at Kilauea's summit and along the east rift zone showed flat signals.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

13 December-19 December 2000

Lava flowed into the sea at the Kamokuna entry until 17 December. From the 17th until the 19th of December (the end of the report period) no lava was observed flowing into the sea. During the week several `a`a flows were visible traveling down Pulama pali. Overall, earthquake activity was low across the island. Volcanic tremor was at normal levels near Pu`u `O`o and beneath Kilauea caldera. A tiltmeter near HVO showed slight deflation the morning of 19 December, while all other tiltmeters on Kilauea showed flat signals.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

6 December-12 December 2000

A small flow of lava entered the sea at the Kamokuna entry and no surface activity was observed on Pulama pali (a fault scarp) or the coastal flat. Overall, earthquake activity was low across the island. Tremor and a few shallow earthquakes continued to be detected at Kilauea's summit; the tremor local to the summit that was particularly noticeable last week decreased in intensity on ~8 December. The tilt-meters at Kilauea's summit and along the east rift zone showed flat signals.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

29 November-5 December 2000

Lava continued to flow into the ocean at the Kamokuna entry. Overall, earthquake activity was low across the island. Tremor and a few shallow earthquakes continued to be detected at Kilauea's summit; the tremor local to the summit was particularly noticeable. The tilt-meters at Kilauea's summit and along the east rift zone showed flat signals.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

22 November-28 November 2000

Lava continued to flow through the tube system, entering the sea at the Kamokuna entry. Overall, earthquake activity was low across the island. Volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o vent remained at a moderate level, while tremor and a few shallow earthquakes were detected at Kilauea's summit. The tilt-meters at Kilauea's summit and along the east rift zone showed flat signals.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

15 November-21 November 2000

Lava continued to flow across the coastal flat and into the sea near the Kamokuna entry. Surface flows were visible sporadically during the week. At 1408 on 16 November tour pilots observed a large collapse of the bench (land built out from the sea cliff) at Kamokuna that sent ~30 % of the bench into the sea in ~6 seconds. The large explosion that followed the collapse produced a large amount of spatter and a big, billowing, mostly white plume that rose to 600-1,800 m a.s.l. None of the spatter was directed inland. Overall, volcanic tremor at Pu`u `O`o vent remained at a moderate level. Earthquake activity related to volcanism was low across the island, but for several hours on the night of 15 November a giant earthquake (M 8) in New Ireland, Paupau New Guinea caused slow, peak-to-peak oscillations at Kilauea's summit seismometer and set off alarms at two tiltmeters. Otherwise, the tiltmeters at Kilauea's summit crater and along the east rift zone showed flat signals.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), US Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program

8 November-14 November 2000

Lava continued to flow across the coastal flat and into the sea at the Kamokuna entry. Overall, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o vent remained at a moderate level and earthquake activity was low across the island. The tilt-meters at Kilauea's summit and along the east rift zone showed flat signals.

Source: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)

1 November-7 November 2000

The HVO reported that lava continued to enter the ocean at the Kamokuna entry as it has since late September 2000. Surface lava flows were visible sporadically through the week. Overall, volcanic tremor near Pu`u `O`o vent was moderate and earthquake activity was low across the island. Tilt measured at Kilauea's summit was rather flat, as it was elsewhere along the E rift zone, continuing the long-term slow deflation underway since the eruption began in 1983.

On 5 November the bodies of two hikers who died on 3 November were found on Kilauea. According to an Associated Press article, a National Park Service Ranger stated that the hikers suffered severe burns, cuts, and abrasions. Authorities believed the hikers may have bypassed warning signs and hiked beyond the recommended area. The cause of their deaths was not known as of 7 November, but it was thought that they may have been struck by lightning or scalded by lava-heated sea water while they were on the active bench (land built out from the sea cliff). Refer to the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory website for more details.

Sources: US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO), Associated Press

Summary of eruption dates and Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEI).

Start Date	Stop Date	Eruption Certainty	VEI	Evidence	Activity Area or Unit
1983 Jan 3	2013 Jul 19 (continuing)	Confirmed	1	Historical Observations	East rift zone (Puu O'o), Halemaumau
1982 Sep 25	1982 Sep 26	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Kilauea Caldera (SSE of Halemaumau)
1982 Apr 30	1982 May 1	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Kilauea Caldera (NE of Halemaumau)
1980 Mar 11	1980 Mar 11	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (near Mauna Ulu)
1979 Nov 16	1979 Nov 17	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (Pauahi Crater)
1977 Sep 13	1977 Oct 1	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (near Kalalua Crater)
1975 Nov 29	1975 Nov 29	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Kilauea Caldera, Halemaumau
1974 Dec 31	1974 Dec 31	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	SW rift zone (1095 m)
1974 Sep 19	1974 Sep 19	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Kilauea Caldera (Halemaumau and to SW)
1974 Jul 19	1974 Jul 22	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Kilauea Caldera, Keanakakoi
1973 Nov 10	1973 Dec 9	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone, Pauahi
1973 May 5	1973 May 5	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone, Pauahi, Hiiaka
1971 Sep 24	1971 Sep 29	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau and upper SW rift zone
1971 Aug 14	1971 Aug 14	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Kilauea Caldera
1969 May 24	1974 Jul 22	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (Mauna Ulu, 960 m)
1969 Feb 22	1969 Feb 28	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (885-945 m)
1968 Oct 7	1968 Oct 22	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (730-915 m)
1968 Aug 22	1968 Aug 26	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (580-885 m)
1967 Nov 5	1968 Jul 13	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1965 Dec 24	1965 Dec 25	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (915-960 m)
1965 Mar 5	1965 Mar 15	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (700-915 m)
1963 Oct 5	1963 Oct 6	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (700-840 m)
1963 Aug 21	1963 Aug 23	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (825-960 m)
1962 Dec 7	1962 Dec 9	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (945-990 m)
1961 Sep 22	1961 Sep 24	Confirmed	1	Historical Observations	East rift zone (395-790 m)
1961 Jul 10	1961 Jul 17	Confirmed	1	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1961 Mar 3	1961 Mar 25	Confirmed	1	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1961 Feb 24	1961 Feb 24	Confirmed	1	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1960 Jan 13	1960 Feb 19	Confirmed	2	Historical Observations	East rift zone (near Kapoho, 30 m)
1959 Nov 14	1959 Dec 19	Confirmed	2	Historical Observations	Kilauea Iki
1955 Feb 28	1955 May 26	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Lower east rift zone (50-400 m)
1954 May 31	1954 Jun 3	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau and Kilauea caldera
1952 Jun 27	1952 Nov 10	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1934 Sep 6	1934 Oct 8	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1931 Dec 23	1932 Jan 5	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1930 Nov 19	1930 Dec 7	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1929 Jul 25	1929 Jul 28	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1929 Feb 20	1929 Feb 21	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
[ ~~1928 Jan 11~~ ]	[ ~~1928 Jan 11~~ ]	Discredited
1927 Jul 7	1927 Jul 20	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1924 Jul 19	1924 Jul 29	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1924 May 10	1924 May 27	Confirmed	2	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1923 Aug 25	1923 Aug 25	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (915 m)
1922 May 28	1922 May 30	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone, Makaopuhi, Napau
1921 Mar 18	1921 Mar 25	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Kilauea Caldera
1919 Dec 21	1920 Jul 30	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	SW rift zone (Mauna Iki, 915 m)
1919 Feb 7	1919 Nov 28	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Kilauea Caldera
1918 Feb 23	1918 Mar 9	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Kilauea Caldera
1906 Dec 2	1924 Feb	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1905 Feb 22	1906 Apr	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1903 Nov 25	1904 Jan 10	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1902 Jun 3	1903 Mar 5 ± 5 days	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1902 Feb 14 (in or before)	1902 Feb	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1897 Jun 24	1897 Jun 27	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1896 Jul 11	1896 Sep 25 ± 5 days	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1896 Jan 3	1896 Jan 28	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1884 Jan 22	1884 Jan 22	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (-20? m)
1868 Apr 2 (?)	Unknown	Confirmed	1	Historical Observations	SW rift zone (775 m)
1840 May 30	1840 Jun 25	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (230-950 m)
1832 Jan 14	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rim of caldera (Byron's Ledge)
1823 Aug (in or before)	1894 Dec 6	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Halemaumau
1823 Feb	1823 Jul	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	SW rift zone (Great Crack, 75-580 m)
1820 (?)	Unknown	Confirmed	2	Historical Observations	Kilauea Caldera
1790 Nov (?)	Unknown	Confirmed	4	Historical Observations	Kilauea Caldera (Keanakakoi ash)
1790 (?)	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	Lower east rift zone (230-375 m)
1750 (?)	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Historical Observations	East rift zone (Heiheiahulu, 520 m)
1700 ± 25 years	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Magnetism	Upper east rift zone (Kokoolau)
1650 ± 50 years	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Tephrochronology	Kilauea summit (Observatory vent)
1610 ± 50 years	Unknown	Confirmed	1	Radiocarbon (uncorrected)	Lower east rift zone (Puu Honuaula)
1510 ± 50 years	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Radiocarbon (uncorrected)	Lower east rift zone (near Kehena)
1500 (?)	Unknown	Confirmed	1	Radiocarbon (corrected)
1490 ± 16 years	Unknown	Confirmed	1	Radiocarbon (corrected)	Kilauea caldera
1460 ± 50 years	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Radiocarbon (uncorrected)	Lower east rift zone (near Puu Kaliu)
1410 (?)	1470 (?)	Confirmed	0	Radiocarbon (corrected)	Kilauea summit (Aila'au shield)
1340 ± 40 years	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Anthropology	Upper east rift zone (Kane Nui o Hamo)
1140 ± 75 years	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Radiocarbon (corrected)	Old Kalue flows
1050 ± 75 years	Unknown	Confirmed	1	Radiocarbon (uncorrected)	Lower east rift zone (NE of Iilewa)
0900 ± 50 years	Unknown	Confirmed		Tephrochronology	Upper Kulanaokuaiki tephra
0850 ± 150 years	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Radiocarbon (corrected)	Kipuka Hornet flows
0680 ± 75 years	Unknown	Confirmed	1	Radiocarbon (uncorrected)	East (near Kaipu) and SW rift zones
0540 ± 200 years	Unknown	Confirmed		Radiocarbon (corrected)	Kulanaokuaiki 2 tephra
0450 (in or before)	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Magnetism	Lower east rift zone
0420 ± 20 years	Unknown	Confirmed		Tephrochronology	Kulanaokuaiki 1 tephra
0150 ± 300 years	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Magnetism	Kilauea summit (Powers Caldera)
0050 BCE ± 150 years	Unknown	Confirmed		Radiocarbon (corrected)	Pre-Kulanaokuaiki tephra
0200 BCE ± 150 years	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Radiocarbon (corrected)	Summit, East and SW rift zones
0270 BCE ± 75 years	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Radiocarbon (corrected)	Kipuka Nene flows
0410 BCE ± 100 years	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Radiocarbon (uncorrected)	East rift zone
0800 BCE (?)	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Radiocarbon (corrected)
1550 BCE (?)	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Radiocarbon (uncorrected)	SW rift zone
1650 BCE (?)	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Radiocarbon (uncorrected)	SW rift zone
2080 BCE (?)	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Radiocarbon (corrected)
2200 BCE ± 500 years	Unknown	Confirmed		Tephrochronology
2850 BCE (?)	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Radiocarbon (uncorrected)	SW rift zone
3300 BCE (?)	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Radiocarbon (corrected)
4650 BCE (?)	Unknown	Confirmed	0	Radiocarbon (uncorrected)	SW rift zone

The following references are the sources used for data regarding this volcano. References are linked directly to our volcano data file. Discussion of another volcano or eruption (sometimes far from the one that is the subject of the manuscript) may produce a citation that is not at all apparent from the title. Additional discussion of data sources can be found under Volcano Data Criteria.

Brigham W T, 1868. Eruption at Mauna Loa on the Hawaiian Islands. {Boston Soc Nat Hist Proc}, 12: 82-83

Calvert A T, Lanphere M A, 2006. Argon geochronology of Kilauea's early submarine history. {J Volc Geotherm Res}, 151: 1-18

Clague D A, Hagstrum J T, Champion D E, Beeson M H, 1999. Kilauea summit overflows: their ages and distribution in the Puna District, Hawai'i. {Bull Volc}, 61: 363-381

Dzurisin D, Lockwood J P, Casadevall T J, Rubin M, 1995. The Uwekahuna Ash Member of the the Puna Basalt: product of violent phreatomagmatic eruptions at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, between 2800 and 2100 14C years ago. {J Volc Geotherm Res}, 66: 163-184

Fiske R S, Rose T R, Swanson D A, Champion D E, McGeehin J P , 2009. Kulanaokuaiki Tephra (ca. A.D. 400-1000): newly recognized evidence for highly explosive eruptions at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. {Geol Soc Amer Bull}, 121: 712-728

Green J, Short N M, 1971. {Volcanic Landforms and Surface Features: a Photographic Atlas and Glossary}. New York: Springer-Verlag, 519 p

Heliker C C, Mangan M T, Mattox T N, Kauahikaua J P, Helz R T, 1998. The character of long-term eruptions: inferences from episodes 50-53 of the Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea volcano. {Bull Volc}, 59: 381-393

Holcomb R T, 1987. Eruptive history and long-term behavior of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. {U S Geol Surv Prof Pap}, 1350: 261-350

Jaggar T A, 1947. Origin and developement of craters. {Geol Soc Amer Mem}, 21: 1-508

Katsui Y (ed), 1971. List of the World Active Volcanoes. {Volc Soc Japan draft ms}, (limited circulation), 160 p

Kauahikaua J, Mangan M, Heliker C, Mattox T, 1996. A qualitiative look at the demise of a basaltic vent: the death of Kupaianaha, Kilauea volcano, Hawai'i. {Bull Volc}, 57: 641-648

Leslie S C, Moore G F, Morgan J K, 2004. Internal structure of Puna Ridge: evolution of the submarine East Rift Zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawai'i. {J Volc Geotherm Res}, 129: 237-259

Lipman P W, Sisson T W, Coombs M L, Calvert A, Kimura J-I, 2006. Piggyback tectonics: long-term growth of Kilauea on the south flank of Mauna Loa. {J Volc Geotherm Res}, 151: 73-108

Lockwood J P, Tilling R I, Holcomb R T, Klein F, Okamura A, Peterson D W, 1999. Magma migration and resupply during the 1974 summit eruptions of Kilauea volcano, Hawai'i. {U S Geol Surv Prof Pap}. 613: 1-37

Macdonald G A, 1955. Hawaiian Islands. {Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World and Solfatara Fields}, Rome: IAVCEI, 3: 1-37

Macdonald G A, Abbott A T, 1970. {Volcanoes in the Sea}. Honolulu: Univ Hawaii Press, 441 p

Mangan M T, Heliker C C, Mattox T N, Kauahikaua J P, Helz R T, 1995. Episode 49 of the Pu'u 'O'o-Kupaianaha eruption of Kilauea volcano - breakdown of a steady-state eruptive era. {Bull Volc}, 57: 127-135

Mastin L G, 1997. Evidence for water influx from a caldera lake during the explosive hydromagmatic eruption of 1790, Kiauea volcano, Hawaii. {J Geophys Res}, 102: 20,093-20,109

Mastin L G, Christiansen R L, Thornber C, Lowenstern J, Beeson M, 2004. What makes hydromagmatic eruptions violent? Some insights from the Keanakako'i Ash, Kilauea volcano, Hawai'i. {J Volc Geotherm Res}, 137: 15-31

McPhie J, Walker G P L, Christiansen R L, 1990. Phreatomagmatic and phreatic fall and surge deposits from explosions at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1790 A.D.: Keanakakoi Ash Member. {Bull Volc}. 52: 334-354

Moore R B, Trusdell F A, 1991. Geologic map of the lower east rift zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. {U S Geol Surv Misc Invest Ser Map}, I-2225, 1:24,000 geol map

Okubo C H, 2004. Rock mass strength and slope stability of the Hilina slump, Kilauea volcano, Hawai'i. {J Volc Geotherm Res}, 138: 43-76

Parfitt E A, Wilson L, 1994. The 1983-86 Pu'u 'O'o eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: a study of dike geometry and eruption mechanisms for a long-lived eruption. {J Volc Geotherm Res}, 59: 179-205

Peterson D W, Moore R B, 1987. Geologic history and evolution of geologic concepts, island of Hawaii. {U S Geol Surv Prof Pap}, 1350: 149-189

Robinson J E, Eakins B W, 2006. Calculated volumes of individual shield volcanoes at the young end of the Hawaiian Ridge. {J Volc Geotherm Res}, 151: 309-317

Soule S A, Cashman K V, Kauahikaua J P, 2004. Examining flow emplacement through the surface morphology of three rapidly emplaced, solidified lava flows, Kilauea volcano, Hawai'i. {Bull Volc}, 66: 1-14

Swanson D A, 2008. Hawaiian oral tradition describes 400 years of volcanic activity at Kilauea. {J Volc Geotherm Res}, 176: 427-431

Wright T L, 1971a. Chemistry of Kilauea and Mauna Loa in space and time. {U S Geol Surv Prof Pap}, 735: 1-40

Wright T L, Helz R T, 1996. Differentiation and magma mixing on Kilauea's east rift zone: a further look at the eruptions of 1955 and 1960. Part II. The 1960 lavas. {Bull Volc}, 57: 602-630

Kilauea volcano, which overlaps the east flank of the massive Mauna Loa shield volcano, has been Hawaii's most active volcano during historical time. Eruptions of Kilauea are prominent in Polynesian legends; written documentation extending back to only 1820 records frequent summit and flank lava flow eruptions that were interspersed with periods of long-term lava lake activity that lasted until 1924 at Halemaumau crater, within the summit caldera. The 3 x 5 km caldera was formed in several stages about 1500 years ago and during the 18th century; eruptions have also originated from the lengthy East and SW rift zones, which extend to the sea on both sides of the volcano. About 90% of the surface of the basaltic shield volcano is formed of lava flows less than about 1100 years old; 70% of the volcano's surface is younger than 600 years. A long-term eruption from the East rift zone that began in 1983 has produced lava flows covering more than 100 sq km, destroying nearly 200 houses and adding new coastline to the island.