Eastern Europe

Joanna Richardson describes how, during the 1830s, the world of Bohemia offered a warm and fruitful climate to artists and writers.

Michael Grant tells how, some 1000 years ago, the “Scourge of God” died on his wedding night.

Terence O’Brien recounts how some women served with their husbands in the Crimean War as cooks, laundresses and nurses to the Regiment.

Between the years 1300 and 600 B.C. the virile kingdom of Ararat rose to be a large empire, M. Chahin writes, which long held the Assyrians at bay.

Josip Broz Tito died on May 4th, 1980. In this article from our 1980 archive, Basil Davidson reassesses the legacy of the Yugoslavian president and soldier.

Richard Cavendish provides an overview of the life and career of the Albanian dictator Enver Hoxha, who died on April 11th, 1985.

Mary Heimann restores Czechoslovakia to its pivotal role in the Munich Crisis.

The 2009 Nobel Prize winner for literature is well placed to describe the trials of Eastern European minorities through the maelstrom of the 20th century, writes Markus Bauer.

Dan Stone looks at how historians’ understanding of the Holocaust has changed since the end of the Cold War with the opening of archives that reveal the full horror of the ‘Wild East’.

The mutual defence treaty between Communist states was signed on May 14th, 1955.

John Erickson assesses the massive Soviet assault into Germany in the final year of the war and the price of liberation.

Yehuda Koren tells one family’s remarkable story of surviving Auschwitz.

Mark Rathbone compares Gladstone's and Disraeli's differing approaches to a crucial foreign policy issue.