East Asian History Sourcebook
There is no way of avoiding the fact that China is the central culture of
Eastern Asia. Massively larger than any of her neighbors, China may have developed
its cultural forms in relative isolation, but since the advent of Buddhism has both
absorbed outside influences and disseminated its own culture. Japanese, Korean and
Vietnamese cultures are not comprehensible without taking into account power of Chinese
culture in art, literature and religion.
Chinese culture itself is highly complex, and the other East Asian
cultures also reflect local circumstances and traditions. For instance the (later) Chinese
ideal of a scholar-gentleman contrasts strongly with Japanese warrior ideals. It is not
going to far to suggest that the very different responses of the various East Asian to the
Western intrusion of the past two centuries reflect the variety of previous historical
developments.
See my Brooklyn College: Chinese Cultural Studies class page.
***
This page is a subset of texts derived from the three major online Sourcebooks listed below, along with added texts and web site indicators. For more contextual
information, for instance about Western imperialism, or the history of a given period,
check out these web sites.
Notes: |
In addition to direct links to documents, links are made to a
number of other web resources.
|
2ND
|
Link to a secondary article, review or discussion on a given
topic. |
MEGA
|
Link to one of the megasites which track web
resources. |
WEB
|
Link to a website focused on a specific issue.. These are not
links to every site on a given topic, but to sites of serious educational value. |
Contents
Cultural Origins
General
Yellow River Valley Cultures
Japan
Religious Traditions
General
Chinese Traditional Religion
Shinto
Confucianism
-
WEB Confucius Page [At Internet Archive, from UKY]
-
WEB Confucius Page [At Internet Archive, from Albany]
- Selections
from the Analects [Lun Yu], complete, topically arranged selections from the Confucian
classic
- Confucius (5th Century BCE?): Analects [Lun Yu] [At WSU]
-
Confucius: The
Analects [Lun Yu], selections [At Internet Archive, from CCNY]
- The
Analects [Lun Yu], complete
-
The Analects [Lun Yu], complete, translated by Charles Muller 1995 [At TYG]
- The
Great Learning [Da Xue Ta-Hsüeh] (3rd Century BCE): [At WSU]
- The Great
Learning [Da Xue Ta-Hsüeh] (3rd Century BCE) complete
- Great
Learning,[Da Xue Ta-Hsüeh] (3rd Century BCE), complete, translated by
Charles Muller 1995 [At GOL]
- The
Doctrine of the Mean [Zhong Yong] complete
- Doctrine of
the Mean [Zhong Yong], complete, translated by Charles Muller 1995 [At GOL]
- Mencius Mengzi: Selections from
the Mencius
-
Mencius Mengzi:
complete, translated by Charles Muller 1995 [At Internet Archive, from GOL]
- Xunzi Hsun-tzu: Selections
from the Xunzi
- Legalism
- Examples
of Filial Piety (14th Century CE) [At WSU]Image: People: Picture
of Confucius
- Image: People:
Confucius
- Image: People:
Mengzi
- Image: People:
Zhuxi - founder of 'neo-confucianism'
- Wang Yang-Ming: The Philosophy, excerpts, c. 1525 CE
Daoism
-
WEB Daoism Information Page
- Laozi Lao Tzu (5th Century BCE??): Selection from
the Dao De Jing
-
Laozi Lao tzu: Dao De Jing Tao
Te Ching, selections [At Internet Archive, from CCNY]
- Laozi Lao Tzu (5th Century BCE??): Tao
Te Ching, excerpts, [At WSU]
- Laozi Lao Tzu (5th Century BCE??): The Dao De Jing Tao Te Ching*, version 1, an Interpolation by Peter A. Merel
(pete@extro.su.oz.au) based upon the translations of: Lin Yutang, Ch'u Ta-Kao, Gia-Fu Feng
& Jane English, Richard Wilhelm and Aleister Crowley. complete, taken from internet
site
- Laozi Lao Tzu (5th Century BCE??): The Dao De Jing Tao Te Ching*, Tao Te Ching, version 2, complete, taken from a version on the
internet.
- Laozi Lao Tzu (5th Century BCE??): The Dao De
Jing Tao Te Ching*, Tao Te Ching, version 3, complete, taken from a versionby y
S. Mitchell.
-
Lao Tzu (5th Century BCE>>): The Dao De Jing Tao Te Ching*, Tao Te Ching, version 5, complete, translated by Charles Muller 1995
[At TYG]
-
Zhuangzi Chuang tzu: Selected Chapters,
translated by Lin Yutang and Lin Yutang's
Introduction [At Taoism Information Page]
-
Zhuangzi Chuang tzu: Story of Three Friends [At Taoism Information Page]
- Zhuangzi Chuang tzu: Selections
from the Zhuangzi
-
Zhuangzi Chuang tzu: Selections [At
Internet Archive, from CCNY]
- The Deification of Lao Zi, 666 CE. [At this Site]
(Inscribed in the Temple at Lao Zi's Birthplace)
- The Yin Fu King, or Classic of the Harmony
of the Seen and Unseen, c. 800 CE [At this Site]
- The Thai-Shang Kan Ying Phien, or Lao Zi's Book
of Actions and Their Retribution, c. 1000 CE [At this Site]
- Image: People:
Laozi
- Image: Divinity:
Three Daoist Gods
- Image: Divinity:
The God of Wealth in His Civil Aspect
- Image: Divinity:
Wen-ch'ang, the Daoist God of Literature
Buddhism
- General
- The Buddha
- Prince
Siddhartha Encounters Old Age, Sickness and Death ('Digha-nikaya,' XIV ['Mahapadana
suttanta']) [At Eliade Page]
- Gotama's
First Masters [At Eliade Page]
- 'I am
the Holy One in this world, I am the highest teacher. . .' ('Mahavagga,' I, 7-9) [At
Eliade Page]
- Gotama
Buddha Ponders ('Majjhima-nikaya,' XXVI ['Ariya-pariyesana-sutta']) [At Eliade Page]
- Gotama
Buddha Remembers His Earlier Existences ('Majjhima-nikaya,' IV ['Bhaya-bherava-sutta])
[At Eliade Page]
- Buddha: First
Sermon (c. 6th Century BCE) [At Brooklyn College]
- Buddha: The
Teaching of Buddha, an early sermon on Nirvana [At Brooklyn College]
-
Buddha: The
Four Noble Truths [At BuddhaNet]
-
Buddha: The
Basic Teachings [At Internet Archive, from CCNY]
- The
Buddha Enters Nirvana (Ashvagosha, 'Buddhacarita,' XXVI, 83-6, 88-106) [At Eliade
Page]
- The
Tathagata Announces that He has Entered Nirvana ('Saddharmapundarika,' XV, 268-72) [At
Eliade Page]
- Faxian: Account
of the Buddhistic Kingdoms. [At Brooklyn College]
- Theravada/Hinayana Texts
- The Dhammpada [At Brooklyn College]
- The Dhammapada extracts, [At
WSU]
- The
Dhammapada, trans. by John Richards [At Coombs-papers]
"An anthology of 423 Buddhist verses embodying ethical and spiritual precepts
arranged by subject."
- The Dhammapada,Wisdom
of the Buddha, translated by Harischandra Kaviratna, Full Text [At Theosophical
University Press]
-
The Dhammapada,
trans John Richards [At Evansville]
This is a collection of 423 insightful verses from various Buddhist texts, arranged by
category.
- The
Buddha Foretells the Gradual Decline of Religion ('Anagatavamsa') [At Eliade Page]
- Gotama
Buddha Talks of his Ascetic Practices ('Majjhima-nikaya,'XII
['Maha-sihanada-sutra']) [At Eliade Page]
- Gotama
Buddha Practiced the most Severe form of Ascetism ('Majjhima-nikaya,' XXXVI
['Maha-saccaka-sutra']) [At Eliade Page]
-
Sutta Nipata, selections
from the Pali text translated by John D. Ireland. [At Purify Mind]
-
Sammaditthi Sutta,
translated from the Pali by Bhikkhu Nanamoli [At MIT]
-
Mahamangala-ta [At
Buddha Community] with the original Pali text. Known in English as the Discourse
of the Supreme Blessings.
-
The Four Foundations of
Mindfulness [At BuddhaNet]
Part of the Satipatthana Sutra.
-
Discourse on the Mindfulness of
Breathing [At Dharma]
Selections from the Anapanasati Sutra.
-
Culasunnata Sutta[At
well.com]
A lesson on sunyata.
-
Metta Sutra [At
Dharma]
Sub-titled "The Buddha's Words on Kindness"
- Mahayana Texts
- Sunyata
- Buddha's Sermon
on the No-Self [At Brooklyn College]
- The Heart Sutra [At Brooklyn College]
- The
Heart Sutra: Various Versions [At Coombs-papers]
- Mahamangala
Sutra (Discourse of the Supreme Blessings) [At Coombs-papers]
- WEB Kalavinka
Contains very long excerpts from Nagarjuna's Treatise on The Great Perfection of
Wisdom (Mahaapraj~naapaaramitaa Upadesha), "an immense
exegesis to the Mahaapraj~naapaaramitaa Sutra in 25,000 lines. Classically, it is
preserved only in a 100-fascicle Chinese edition translated from Sanskrit in 405c.e. by
Kumarajiva, the brilliant and prolific translator-monk who was the premier transmitter to
the Chinese of the Maadhyamika teachings of Nagarjuna."
- Bodhsicitta
- Death
- Maitreya
- Pure Land/Amidism
- Tibetan Buddhism
- Chinese/Japanese Buddhist Texts
- Modern Renditions
- Images
- General Buddhist
- Indian Art
- Tibetan
- Chinese Art
- South East Asian Art
- Japanese Art
- Unsure [!]
Christianity
Imperial China
General
The Zhou
The Qin
The Han
The Sui and Tang
The Sung
The Mongols [Yüan]
The Ming
The Qing
Chinese Technology
Literature
- Chinese
Poetry: Tu Fu, Li Po, Po Chu-i, Fu Hsuan, Mei Yao Ch'en, Su Tung-p'o [At WSU]
- Li Po (701 762 CE): Drinking
Alone by Moonlight [At WSU]
- Old
Poem, on warfare [At WSU]
- Liu Hsün's wife (3rd C. CE): The
Curtain of the Wedding Bed [At WSU]
- The Han Koong Tsu, or Autumn of the Palace of Han
Full text of a play about the threat of the Mongols (Tartars) to the Chinese empire, and
the use of a marriage strategy to avoid conflict. [At this Site]
-
Shih-fu Wang (fl. 1295-1307): Romance of the Western
Chamber, excerpts, [At Internet Archive, from CCNY]
- The Dream of the Red Chamber.
synoposis, [At WSU]
-
P'u Sung-ling: Painting
on the Wall [At WSU]
- Li Ju-chen (1763-1830): The
Land of the Great, 1828 [At WSU]
Education in Traditional China
Chinese Views on Other Cultures
Other Cultures' Views of China
Traditional Japan
General
Government
Tokugawa Era
Literature
- Japanese
Poetry: from the Manyoshu and other early collections [At WSU]
- Noh Plays, translated by Arthur Waley, 1922 [At UVA]
Culture
- Kokin Wakashu [At Virginia]
An anthology of 1,111 Japanese poems (in the most widely circulated editions) compiled and
edited early in the 10th century CE.
- Ogura Hyakunin
Isshu, or, 100 Poems by 100 Poets, [At Virginia]
- Sarashina: The Diary of
Lady Sarashina, 1009-1059 CE [At Hanover College]
- Kaibara Ekken or Kaibara Token: Greater
Learning for Women, 1762 [At WSU]
-
Diaries of the Court Ladies of Old Japan, trans. Annie Sheply Omori and Kochi Doi, full text,
[At Internet Archive, from CMU]
Korea
General
The Western Intrusion
General
European Imperialism
British East Asia
Other European Powers in East Asia
United States' Imperialism
-
John Hay to Andrew D. White, First Open Door note on
China, Department of State, Washington, September 6, 1899 [At Amdocs]
- Image: Anti-Chinese
Cartoon from 1877 bw
- WEB Documents Relating to American
Foreign Policy 1898-1914, [At Mt. Holyoke]
- Josiah Strong: On
Anglo-Saxon Predominance, 1891 [At Mt. Holyoke]
- Albert Beveridge (1862-1927): The March of the Flag,
September 16, 1898
- The Atlantic: The
Break-up of China, and Our Interest in It, The Atlantic Monthly, August, 1899
[At The Atlantic Monthly, subscription required]
- John W. Foster: The
Chinese Boycot, The Atlantic Monthly, January 1906 [At The Atlantic, subscription required]
Criticizes America's discrimination against Chinese immigrants in America as racist. This
behavior incited a Chinese boycott of American trade.
- Rudyard Kipling: The White
Man's Burden, 1899
- James Henry Breasted: The
Conquest of Civilization (selections), 1926 [At WHA]
-
WEB Anti-Imperialism in the United
States 1898-1935 [At Boondocksnet]
A very impressive collection of texts and essays. Rather excessive emphasis on the
creator's ownership of the material (without alerting readers that all pre-1923 published
material is in the US public domain).
-
Jim Zwick: The White
Man's Burden and Its Critics [At Boondocksnet]
A really excellent guide to responses at the time.
Missionaries
-
John of Monte Corvino: Letter to the Minister
General of the Friars Minor in Rome, c. 1280
- John of Monte Corvino: Report
on China, 1305.
- St. Francis Xavier: Letter
on the Missions, to St. Ignatius de Loyola, 1549
- St. Francis Xavier: Letter
from Japan, to the Society of Jesus at Goa, 1551
- St. Francis Xavier: Letter
from Japan, to the Society of Jesus in Europe, 1552
- Hsu Kuang-chi: Memorial
to Fra Matteo Ricci, 1617
- Mendez Pinto: The Woman with
the Cross, c. 1630
A Chinese Christian woman.
- Documents on the
Chinese Rites Controversy, 1692, 1715, 1721, excerpts
How the Catholic Church "lost" China.
Japan as a World Power
General
The Forced Opening
The Meiji Restoration
-
WEB Meiji Japan [At Internet Archive, from Sage.Edu]
-
WEB The
Meiji Project [At Internet Archive]
- Japan: Constitution, 1889
[At Hanover College]
- Lt. Tadayoshi Sakurai: The
Attack upon Port Arthur, 1905
The Japanese quickly adopted Western Imperialism.
- Theodore Roosevelt: The
Threat of Japan, 1909 [At Mt. Holyoke]
- Okuma: Fifty Years of
New Japan, 1907-08, excerpts
-
WEB Taisei Corporation History
of 120 Years [At Internet Archive, from Tasei]
A Japanese company's illustrated online history of itself.
-
Natsume Soseki (1867-1916): Kokoro,
translation by Edwin McClellan. [At ibiblio]
-
Lafcadio Hearn (1850-1904): Writings
on Japan [At ibiblio]
- Kume Kunitake: Records of My
Visits to America and Europe, 1871-1873
- Sir Edwin Arnold: A
Japanese Dinner Party, 1890
- Alice M. Bacon: How
Japanese Ladies Go Shopping, 1890
The Greater East Asia Prosperity Zone
World War II
Use of Atomic Bomb
China's Disaster:1840-1949
General
- Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of Great Powers, (New York: Random House, 1987),
pp. 3-30 [extended
excerpts are online]
- The Hai-lu,
a Chinese traveler's account of the West in the 18th century.
- One China, The
Atlantic Monthly, March 1996 [At The Atlantic, subscription required]
Coverage by the magazine of China in the 20th century.
Rejection of the West
Government Efforts to Reform
Religion and Rebellion
Modernization: The May 4th Movement
Nationalism
-
Zou Rong (1885-1911): The
Revolutionary Army, 1905 [At IUP]
A radical Anti-Manchu tract, published in Shanghai.
- Paul S. Reinsch: A Parliament for
China, The Atlantic Monthly, December, 1909 [At The Atlantic, subscription required]
- Proclamation of The
Abdication of the Manchus, 1912
- Ching Chun Wang: A
Plea for the Recognition of the Chinese Republic, The Atlantic Monthly,
January 1913 [At The Atlantic, subscription required]
- Sun Yat-sen: Fundamentals of
National Reconstruction, 1923 CE
- Image: People:
Sun Yat Sen
- Image: People:
Chiang Kai-shek
Early Communism
The Chinese in America
- California: Anti-Coolie
Act, 1862 [At Drug Library]
"An Act to protect free White labor against competition with Chinese collie labor,
and to discourse the immigration of the Chinese into the state of California, April 26,
1862"
- San Francisco
Chinatown Opium Den – 1870's [Image][At Drug Library]
- Chinese Miners
in the Gold Fields - 1860 [Image][At Drug Library]
- Chinatown
Declared a Nuisance! [At Drug Library]
This is the full text of a sixteen-page pamphlet, "Chinatown Declared a
Nuisance!"; distributed by the Workingmen's Committee of California, it called for
the abatement of Chinatown as a health menace.
- Albert S. Evans: A
Cruise on the Barbary Coast, Chapter 12 of A la California. Sketch of Life in the
Golden State, c, 1871.
China Since World War
II
General
The Liberation
- Mao Zedong (1893-1976): In
Commemoration of the 28th Anniversary of the Communist Party of China, June 30, 1949,
excerpts
- Mao Zedong (1893-1976): Quotations
of Chairman Mao [At WSU]
-
Mao Zedong (1893-1976): Quotations of
Chairman Mao, full text. [At Artbin]
- American Views on
the Situation In China, 1947
Statement by General Marshall, January 7, 1947
- Statement of the
Central Committee of The Chinese Communist Party, February 1, 1947
- Dean Acheson: United
States Position on China, August 1949
An acute critique of Nationalist/Koumintang failures.
- The Common Program of
The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, 1949
The 1950s
The Cultural Revolution
Chinese Foreign Relations
- John K. Fairbank: China: Time for a
Policy, The Atlantic Monthly, April 1957 [At The Atlantic, subscription required]
Evaluation of US policy options toward newly Communist mainland China.
- Chinese Communist Party: The Leaders of the CPSU are
the Greatest Splitters of Our Times, February 4, 1964
- The Romanian Workers' Party: Statement on the
Sino-Soviet Dispute, April 22, 1964
- Pravda: Editorial:
The Anti-Soviet Policy of Communist China, February 16,1967
- James C. Thomson Jr.: Dragon Under Glass:
Time for a New China Policy, The Atlantic Monthly, October 1967 [At The
Atlantic, subscription required]
Argued that the time had come for the United States to reconcile itself with Communist
China.
The Four Modernizations
- 2ND Sun Y Y., The Chinese
Reassessment of Socialism, 1976-1992, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995)
- Image: People:
Deng Xiaoping
- Orville Schell: Once
Again, Long Live Chairman Mao, The Atlantic Monthly, December, 1992 [At The
Atlantic, subscription required]
On the commodifiction of Mao.
- Xiao-huang Yin: China's
Gilded Age, The Atlantic Monthly, April 1994, [At The Atlantic, subscription required]
The changes in China's society wrought by Deng's drive toward a free-market economy
Hong Kong
- Atlantic Report: Hong Kong, The Atlantic Monthly, June 1957 [At The Atlantic, subscription required]
Hong Kong still in the early stages of its emergence as an economic powerhouse.
- Maynard Parker: Report on
Hong Kong, The Atlantic Monthly, November 1967 [At The Atlantic, subscription required]
Hong Kong in the face of Mao's Cultural Revolution.
- Cait Murphy: A Culture of
Emigration, The Atlantic Monthly, April, 1991 [At The Atlantic, subscription required]
The growing unease among Chinese Hong Kong citizens about the impending Chinese rule.
-
Hong Kong Constitution, 1990
[At ICL]
Taiwan [Republic of China]
-
Taiwan (Republic of China) Constitution, 1994 [At ICL]
Dissidents
Tiananmen Square, 1989
- Documents on the Gate of Heavenly Peace [all on the PBS Tiananmen web site]
-
Review with
Background Information from Newsweek Inc. 1995 [At Internet Archive]
- Interview with
Directors The GATE OF HEAVENLY PEACE Press Conference October 12, 1995, excepts by
Henri Behar
-
Tiananmen Square
Interpretations - The official Government View "The Truth About the Beijing
Turmoil", Edited by the Editorial Board of The Truth about the Beijing Turmoil
-
Criticism Chinese Government and
Attempts to Stop the Film
Letter to the Director of the Washington DC International Film Festival from the Press
Counsel of the Embassy of the People's Republic of China, and a letter written in response
-
Criticism by Western Writers and
Response [and Re-Response]
The New York Review of Books (May 9, 1996)
-
Criticism by Student Leaders
Article by Ye Ren, from The 90s, July August 1995
-
The Modern Democracy Movement in
Exile and Gate of Heavenly Peace
Excerpt from "Totalitarian Nostalgia" in Geremie Barmé's In The Red:
Contemporary Chinese Culture, New York: Columbia University Press, forthcoming 1997.
-
China, Post-1989 Intellectuals
and Foreigners
"To Screw Foreigners in Patriotic: China's Avant-Garde Nationalist" from
Geremie R. Barmé, From The China Journal, No. 34, July 1995.
-
Chronology of Tiananmen Square Events
-
WEB Audio
and Video Clips
-
WEB More
Online Reading on Gate of Heavenly Peace
- Image: Hist.
Illus.: The Goddess of Democracy, Tienanmen Square
- Image: Hist.
Illus.: Tienanmen Square: Student Stops Tanks
Japan Since World War
II
General
American Occupation
Economic Growth
Culture
Korea Since World War
II
General
The Korean War
Other East Asian
Countries
General
-
Cambodia Constitution, 1993
[At Cambodian Parliament.org]
-
Tibet Constitution 1991 [At
ICL]
This is the constitution of the "government in exile".
-
Mongolia Constitution, 1992
[At ICL]
-
Nepal Constitution, 1990 [At
ICL]
-
Singapore Constitution, 1995
[At ICL]
- The Manila Accord,
1963
Between Malaya, Indonesia and the Philippines,
The Non-Aligned Movement
Addendum: The Vietnam War
-
WEB Vietnam War
Documents and Links
- WEB Documents Relating to American
Foreign Policy--Vietnam [At Mt. Holyoke]
- Ho Chi Minh (1890-1968): Program
for Communist of Indochina, 1930, excerpts
- Vietnamese Declaration of
Independence, 1945
- The Manifesto of The
Laodong Party, February1951
- The Final Declaration of the Geneva Conference: On Restoring Peace in
Indochina, July 21, 1954
- President Eisenhower: Letter to
Ngo Dinh Diem, October 23, 1954
Beginning US "humanitarian" aid.
- Viet Cong Program,
1962
- Charles de Gaulle: France's Attitude
Toward US Policy in Vietnam, 1964
- The Tonkin Bay
Resolution, 1964
- Tonkin Gulf Incident, 1964
[At Yale]
- U.S. State Department: Aggression from
the North, February 27, 1965
- US State Department: North Vietnamese
Aggression, 1965
- Senator Fulbright: Appraisal of US
Policy in the Dominican Crisis, September 15, 1965
A wide-ranging critique of US foreign policy.
- President Lyndon Johnson and Ho Chi Minh: Letter Exchange,
1967
- John Kerry, for Vietnam Veterans Against the War: Statement to the Senate Committee
of Foreign Relations, 1971
Addendum: Asian-Pacific Immigrants in the US
- John W. Foster: The
Chinese Boycot, The Atlantic Monthly, January 1906 [At The Atlantic, subscription required]
Criticizes America's discrimination against Chinese immigrants in America as racist. This
behavior incited a Chinese boycott of American trade.
- Lowell Weiss: Timing is
Everything, The Atlantic Monthly, January1994 [At The Atlantic, subscription required]
The fate of two groups of Vietnamese immigrants in America.
- Roy Beck: The
Ordeal of Immigration in Wausau, The Atlantic Monthly, April 1994 [At The
Atlantic, subscription required]
Effects of Southeast Asian refugees in Wausau.
East Asian
Genders and Sexualities
Women: China
Women: Japan
Homosexuality
Further
Resources on East Asian History
- E-Texts
- Web Guides: East Asia
- Web Guides: China
- Web Guides: Japan
- Web Sites: Japanese History
- Web Guides: Korea
- Academic History/Culture Sites
Other Resources
General Reference Documents
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© Paul Halsall, July1998. Last Updated March 13, 2007.
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