With the exception of abstinence, using a condom during sexual intercourse is an  effective way to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy, if used correctly. They come in all kinds of shapes, sizes, colors and textures – there’s even a version for men and women. It ultimately comes down to your personal preference. But, here are the essential things to know about condoms to safeguard your health.

What is a condom and how does it work?
Also known as a “rubber,” condoms are thin latex, polyurethane or animal tissue covers that fit over the penis. The female condom is a thin sheath or pouch that lines the vagina. Since the male condom is more widely used and available, it’s also more effective in preventing against STIs, we’ll discuss it here. (For more information about using the female condom, visit Planned Parenthood.) The man/partner puts the condom on the  erect penis before  intercourse. The condom catches the semen when he ejaculates (has an orgasm) before it meets the egg for fertilization. After sex, the man carefully takes off the condom so that it does not leak back into the vagina. The condom should be thrown away after use.

What kind to buy?
With so many condoms on the market, it’s hard to know which to choose. Experts say latex condoms are more reliable and offer the best protection against STIs over polyurethane condoms, which are made of a kind of plastic. Polyurethane-made condoms are thinner, which increases sensitivity during sex but they are also more expensive and slightly less flexible. Some condoms are lubricated for easier use, others aren’t. Check the package to find out what kind of lubrication is allowable. With correct use, both can satisfy your needs.

Where to get them?
Try your local convenient store or pharmacy. You may also get them from any family planning clinic.

What if one breaks on me?
Yes, condoms can and do break. It’s how you handle the situation that will impact your health. Here’s what you need to know and do to handle this situation calmly and wisely.

During Sex (before ejaculation):

• Stop. Pull out. Apply a new condom immediately.
   
• Discuss the possibility of pregnancy because semen can leak out prior to your partner having a full ejaculation. Also, talk about both of your sexual histories (HIV risk factors, IV drug use, unsafe safe practices and etc.).

After Sex (ejaculation has occurred):

• Pull out carefully and slowly.
• Shower and wash your genitals with soap and warm water. (Don’t douche. It can irritate the vagina, increasing the risk of disease transmission.)
   
• Talk with your partner about both of your sexual histories (HIV risk factors, IV drug use, unsafe safe practices and etc.), and discuss the possibility of pregnancy.
   
• Be tested for HIV at six weeks, three months and six months after the episode even if you and your partner believe you’ve been safe in the past.
   
• Stay alert for signs of an STD, such as rashes, swollen glands, fever, flu-like symptoms, pain or discharge from the penis or vagina.
   
• Stay alert for signs of pregnancy.

Dos and Don’ts

• Do keep condoms in a cool environment, and out of your back pocket or wallet where they can dry up and weaken.
   
• Do check the expiration date on the packaging.
   
• Do talk to a professional if you have more questions about using condoms.
   
• Do practice applying and removing a condom before sex.
   
• Don’t ever use the same condom twice.
   
• Don’t feel embarrassed for buying or asking for them. It shows you care about your sexual health!
   
• Don’t wear two condoms at the same time. The friction can weaken the condoms, causing them both to break.
   
• Don’t use oil-based products  like Vaseline™ Petroleum Jelly on a condom. These products weaken condoms.
   
• Do check the size and fit. It should fit comfortably - not too loose or too tight.
   
• Do add a water-based, personal lubricant like KY Jelly. The less friction created during sex will help reduce the risk of the condom breaking.