3000 metres
The 3000 metres or 3000-meter run is a track running event (colloquially known as "3k") where 7.5 laps are completed around an outdoor 400 m track or 15 laps around a 200 m indoor track. It is debatable whether the 3000m is classified as a middle distance or long distance event.[1]
In elite level competition, 3000 m pace is more comparable to the pace found in the longer 5000 metres event, rather than 1500 metres pace. The world record performance for 3000 m equates to a pace of 59 seconds per 400 m, which is much closer to the 61 seconds for 5000 m than the 55 seconds for 1500 m. Despite this, the 3000 m does require some anaerobic conditioning and an elite athlete needs to develop a high tolerance to lactic acid, as does the 1500 m. Thus, the 3000 m demands a balance of aerobic endurance in the 5000 m and lactic acid tolerance in the 1500 m.
In men's athletics, 3000 metres has been an Olympic discipline only as a team race at the 1912, 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics. It has not been contested at any of the IAAF outdoor championships, but is occasionally hosted at annual elite track and field meetings. It is often featured in indoor track and field programmes and is the longest distance event present at the IAAF World Indoor Championships.
In women's athletics, 3000 metres was a standard event in the Olympic Games (1984 to 1992)[2] and World Championships (1980 to 1993).[3] The event was discontinued at World Championship and Olympic level after the 1993 World Championships in Athletics - Qu Yunxia being the final gold medal winner at the event. Starting with the 1995 World Championships in Athletics and the 1996 Olympic Games, it was replaced by 5000 metres, with other IAAF-organized championships following suit.
Elite runners in this event reach speeds near vVO2max, for which the oxygen requirements of the body cannot continuously be satisfied,[4] requiring some anaerobic effort.
Contents
All-time top ten[edit]
The men's world record is 7:20.67 set by Daniel Komen of Kenya in 1996. Komen also holds the world indoor mark with 7:24.90 minutes set in 1998. The women's world record is 8:06.11 set by Wang Junxia of China in 1993. The world indoor women's record is 8:16.60 minutes, set by Ethiopian Genzebe Dibaba in 2014.
Outdoor men[edit]
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Outdoor women[edit]
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Indoor men[edit]
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Indoor women[edit]
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Olympic medalists[edit]
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1984 Los Angeles |
 Maricica Puică (ROU) |
 Wendy Smith-Sly (GBR) |
 Lynn Williams (CAN) |
| 1988 Seoul |
 Tetyana Samolenko (URS) |
Paula Ivan (ROU) |
Yvonne Murray (GBR) |
| 1992 Barcelona |
 Yelena Romanova (EUN) |
Tetyana Dorovskikh (EUN) |
Angela Chalmers (CAN) |
World Championships medalists[edit]
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 Sittard |  Birgit Friedmann (FRG) |
 Karoline Nemetz (SWE) |
 Ingrid Kristiansen (NOR) |
| 1983 Helsinki |  Mary Decker (USA) |
Brigitte Kraus (FRG) |
 Tatyana Kovalenko-Kazankina (URS) |
| 1987 Rome | Tetyana Samolenko (URS) |
 Maricica Puică (ROU) |
 Ulrike Bruns (GDR) |
| 1991 Tokyo | Tetyana Samolenko (URS) |
Yelena Romanova (URS) |
 Susan Sirma (KEN) |
| 1993 Stuttgart |  Qu Yunxia (CHN) |
Zhang Linli (CHN) |
Zhang Lirong (CHN) |
Season's bests[edit]
Women (outdoor)[edit]
| Year | Time | Athlete | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 | 9:23.4 |  Joyce Smith (GBR) |
London |
| 1972 | 8:53.0 | Lyudmila Bragina (URS) |
Moscow |
| 1973 | 8:56.6 |  Paola Pigni (ITA) |
Formia |
| 1974 | 8:52.74 | Lyudmila Bragina (URS) |
Durham |
| 1975 | 8:46.6 | Grete Waitz (NOR) |
Oslo |
| 1976 | 8:27.12 | Lyudmila Bragina (URS) |
College Park |
| 1977 | 8:36.8 | Grete Waitz (NOR) |
Oslo |
| 1978 | 8:32.1 | Grete Waitz (NOR) |
Oslo |
| 1979 | 8:31.75 | Grete Waitz (NOR) |
Oslo |
| 1980 | 8:33.53 | Yelena Sipatova (URS) |
Moscow |
| 1981 | 8:34.30 | Maricica Puică (ROU) |
Bucharest |
| 1982 | 8:26.78 | Svetlana Ulmasova (URS) |
Kiev |
| 1983 | 8:32.08 | Tatyana Kazankina (URS) |
Saint Petersburg |
| 1984 | 8:22.62 | Tatyana Kazankina (URS) |
Saint Petersburg |
| 1985 | 8:25.83 | Mary Slaney (USA) |
Rome |
| 1986 | 8:33.99 | Olga Bondarenko (URS) |
Stuttgart |
| 1987 | 8:38.1 | Ulrike Bruns (GDR) |
Potsdam |
| 1988 | 8:26.53 | Tatyana Samolenko (URS) |
Seoul |
| 1989 | 8:38.48 | Paula Ivan (ROU) |
Gateshead |
| 1990 | 8:38.38 |  Angela Chalmers (CAN) |
Auckland |
| 1991 | 8:32.00 |  Elana Meyer (RSA) |
Durban |
| 1992 | 8:33.72 |  Yelena Romanova (RUS) |
Cologne |
| 1993 | 8:06.11 | Wang Junxia (CHN) |
Beijing |
| 1994 | 8:21.64 |  Sonia O'Sullivan (IRL) |
London |
| 1995 | 8:27.57 | Sonia O'Sullivan (IRL) |
Zurich |
| 1996 | 8:35.42 | Sonia O'Sullivan (IRL) |
Nice |
| 1997 | 8:27.78 |  Gabriela Szabo (ROU) |
Zurich |
| 1998 | 8:24.31 | Gabriela Szabo (ROU) |
Paris |
| 1999 | 8:25.03 | Gabriela Szabo (ROU) |
Zurich |
| 2000 | 8:26.35 | Gabriela Szabo (ROU) |
Zurich |
| 2001 | 8:23.26 | Olga Yegorova (RUS) |
Zurich |
| 2002 | 8:21.42 | Gabriela Szabo (ROU) |
Monte Carlo |
| 2003 | 8:33.95 | Gabriela Szabo (ROU) |
Zurich |
| 2004 | 8:31.32 | Isabella Ochichi (KEN) |
Paris |
| 2005 | 8:28.87 |  Maryam Yusuf Jamal (BHR) |
Oslo |
| 2006 | 8:24.66 |  Meseret Defar (ETH) |
Stockholm |
| 2007 | 8:24.81 | Meseret Defar (ETH) |
Brussels |
| 2008 | 8:33.66 | Vivian Cheruiyot (KEN) |
Gateshead |
| 2009 | 8:30.15 |  Meseret Defar (ETH) |
Thessaloniki |
| 2010 | 8:28.41 | Sentayehu Ejigu (ETH) |
Monaco |
| 2011 | 8:46.84 | Viola Jelagat Kibiwot (KEN) |
Rabat |
| 2012 | 8:34.47 |  Mariem Alaoui Selsouli (MAR) |
Eugene |
| 2013 | 8:41.46 | Shannon Rowbury (USA) |
London |
References[edit]
- ^ Middle-distance running. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved on 2014-06-02.
- ^ Women's 3000 metres at the Olympic Games. Sport Reference. Retrieved on 2014-01-18.
- ^ World Championships in Athletics. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-01-18.
- ^ Billat, Véronique L.; J. Pierre Koralsztein (Aug 1996). "Significance of the Velocity at VO2max and Time to Exhaustion at this Velocity". Sports Med. 2: 90–108. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
- ^ 3000 Metres - men - senior - outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-18.
- ^ 3000 Metres - men - senior - indoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-18.
- ^ 3000 Metres - women - senior - outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-18.
- ^ 3000 Metres - women - senior - indoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-18.
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