|
|
|
|
Pays
|
1970
|
2008
|
(1)
|
2009
|
2011
|
|
 |
 |
Japon |
19,0
‰ |
7,87
‰ |
-58% |
7,64
‰ |
7,31
‰ |
 |
|
Allemagne |
14,0 ‰ |
8,18 ‰ |
-41% |
8,18 ‰ |
8,30
‰ |
 |
|
Andorre |
- |
8,23 ‰ |
- |
10,35 ‰ |
9,66
‰ |
|
 |
Italie |
17,0 ‰ |
8,36 ‰ |
-50% |
8,18 ‰ |
9,18
‰ |
|
|
Autriche |
15,0 ‰ |
8,66 ‰ |
-42% |
8,65 ‰ |
8,67
‰ |
|
|
Bosnie |
23,0 ‰ |
8,82 ‰ |
-61% |
8,85 ‰ |
8,89
‰ |
|
 |
Tchéquie |
16,0 ‰ |
8,89 ‰ |
-44% |
8,83 ‰ |
8,70
‰ |
|
 |
Taiwan |
- |
8,99 ‰ |
- |
- |
8,90
‰ |
|
 |
Singapour |
- |
8,99 ‰ |
- |
8,82 ‰ |
8,50
‰ |
|
 |
Slovénie |
17,0 ‰ |
8,99 ‰ |
-47% |
8,97 ‰ |
8,85
‰ |
|
 |
Lituanie |
17,0 ‰ |
9,00 ‰ |
-47% |
9,11 ‰ |
9,29
‰ |
|
 |
Monaco |
- |
9,09 ‰ |
- |
9,10‰ |
6,94
‰ |
|
 |
Ukraine |
15,0 ‰ |
9,55 ‰ |
-36% |
9,60 ‰ |
9,62
‰ |
|
 |
Grèce |
17,0 ‰ |
9,54 ‰ |
-43% |
9,45 ‰ |
9,21
‰ |
|
 |
Bulgarie |
16,0 ‰ |
9,58 ‰ |
-40% |
9,51 ‰ |
9,32
‰ |
|
 |
Belarus |
16,0 ‰ |
9,62 ‰ |
-39% |
9,71 ‰ |
9,76
‰ |
|
 |
Lettonie |
14,0 ‰ |
9,62 ‰ |
-45% |
9,78 ‰ |
9,96 ‰ |
|
 |
Suisse |
16,0 ‰ |
9,62 ‰ |
-39% |
9,59 ‰ |
9,53
‰ |
|
 |
Croatie |
15,0 ‰ |
9,64 ‰ |
-35% |
9,64 ‰ |
9,60
‰ |
|
 |
Hongrie |
15,0 ‰ |
9,59 ‰ |
-36% |
9,51 ‰ |
9,60
‰ |
|
 |
Saint Marin |
- |
9,74 ‰ |
- |
9,63 ‰ |
9,02
‰ |
|
 |
Corée du Sud |
31,0 ‰ |
9,83 ‰ |
-68% |
8,93 ‰ |
8,55
‰ |
|
 |
Liechtenstein |
- |
9,86 ‰ |
- |
9,75 ‰ |
10,73
‰ |
|
 |
Espagne |
20,0 ‰ |
9,87 ‰ |
-50% |
9,72 ‰ |
10,66
‰ |
|
 |
Pologne |
17,0 ‰ |
10,01 ‰ |
-41% |
10,04 ‰ |
10,01
‰ |
|
 |
Suède |
14,0 ‰ |
10,15 ‰ |
-27% |
10,13 ‰ |
10,18
‰ |
|
 |
Belgique |
14,0 ‰ |
10,22 ‰ |
-27% |
10,15 ‰ |
10,06
‰ |
|
 |
Estonie |
15,0 ‰ |
10,28 ‰ |
-31% |
10,37 ‰ |
10,45
‰ |
 |
 |
Canada |
17,0 ‰ |
10,29 ‰ |
-41% |
10,28 ‰ |
10,28
‰ |
|
 |
Malte |
- |
10,33 ‰ |
- |
10,36 ‰ |
10,35
‰ |
|
 |
Finlande |
14,0 ‰ |
10,39 ‰ |
-25% |
10,38 ‰ |
10,37
‰ |
|
 |
Portugal |
21,0 ‰ |
10,45 ‰ |
-50% |
10,29 ‰ |
9,94
‰ |
|
 |
Pays-Bas |
17,0 ‰ |
10,53 ‰ |
-38% |
10,40 ‰ |
10,23
‰ |
|
 |
Roumanie |
21,0 ‰ |
10,61 ‰ |
-49% |
10,53 ‰ |
9,55
‰ |
|
 |
Géorgie |
19,0 ‰ |
10,62 ‰ |
-44% |
10,66 ‰ |
10,73
‰ |
|
 |
Slovaquie |
19,0 ‰ |
10,64 ‰ |
-43% |
10,60 ‰ |
10,48
‰ |
|
 |
Royaume-Uni |
16,0 ‰ |
10,65 ‰ |
-33% |
10,65 ‰ |
12,29
‰ |
|
 |
Danemark |
16,0 ‰ |
10,71 ‰ |
-33% |
10,54 ‰ |
10,29
‰ |
|
 |
Moldavie |
18,0 ‰ |
11,01 ‰ |
-38% |
11,12 ‰ |
11,16
‰ |
|
 |
Russie |
14,0 ‰ |
11,03 ‰ |
-21% |
11,10 ‰ |
11,05
‰ |
|
 |
Norvège |
17,0 ‰ |
11,12 ‰ |
-34% |
10,99 ‰ |
10,84
‰ |
|
 |
Monténégro |
- |
11,17 ‰ |
- |
11,14 ‰ |
11,00
‰ |
|
 |
Cuba |
29,0 ‰ |
11,27 ‰ |
-65% |
11,13 ‰ |
9,99
‰ |
 |
 |
Palaos |
- |
17,40
‰ |
- |
11,20 ‰ |
10,74
‰ |
|
 |
Luxembourg |
13,0 ‰ |
11,77 ‰ |
-9% |
11,73 ‰ |
11,69
‰ |
|
 |
Australie |
20,0 ‰ |
11,90 ‰ |
-40% |
12,47 ‰ |
12,33
‰ |
|
 |
Macédoine |
24,0 ‰ |
12,00 ‰ |
-50% |
11,97 ‰ |
11,87
‰ |
|
 |
Barbade |
22,0 ‰ |
12,48 ‰ |
-43% |
12,55 ‰ |
12,35
‰ |
|
 |
Arménie |
23,0 ‰ |
12,53 ‰ |
-45% |
12,65 ‰ |
12,85
‰ |
|
 |
Chypre |
- |
12,56 ‰ |
- |
12,57 ‰ |
11,41
‰ |
|
 |
France |
17,0 ‰ |
12,73 ‰ |
-25% |
12,57 ‰ |
12,29
‰ |
|
 |
Trinidad |
27,0
‰ |
13,22 ‰ |
-62% |
14,36 ‰ |
14,35
‰ |
|
 |
Islande |
21,0
‰ |
13,50 ‰ |
-35% |
13,43 ‰ |
13,29
‰ |
|
 |
Thaïlande |
37,0 ‰ |
13,57 ‰ |
-63% |
13,40 ‰ |
12,95
‰ |
|
 |
Chine |
33,0 ‰ |
13,71 ‰ |
-58% |
14,00 ‰ |
12,29
‰ |
|
 |
Nouvelle Zélande |
22,0 ‰ |
14,09 ‰ |
-36% |
13,94 ‰ |
13,68
‰ |
|
 |
Uruguay |
21,0 ‰ |
14,17 ‰ |
-35% |
13,91 ‰ |
13,52
‰ |
|
 |
Etats-Unis |
16,0 ‰ |
14,18 ‰ |
-11% |
13,82 ‰ |
13,83
‰ |
|
 |
Irlande |
22,0 ‰ |
14,33 ‰ |
-34% |
14,63 ‰ |
16,10
‰ |
|
 |
Corée du Nord |
35,0 ‰ |
14,61 ‰ |
-58% |
14,82 ‰ |
14,51
‰ |
 |
 |
Maurice |
- |
14,64 ‰ |
- |
14,41 ‰ |
13,97
‰ |
|
 |
Chili |
29,0 ‰ |
14,82 ‰ |
-48% |
14,64 ‰ |
14,33
‰ |
|
 |
Albanie |
33,0 ‰ |
15,22 ‰ |
-53% |
15,29 ‰ |
12,15
‰ |
|
 |
Tunisie |
39,0 ‰ |
15,50 ‰ |
-60% |
15,42 ‰ |
17,40
‰ |
|
 |
Qatar |
34,0 ‰ |
15,56 ‰ |
-54% |
15,61 ‰ |
15,48
‰ |
|
 |
Seychelles |
- |
15,60 ‰ |
- |
15,87 ‰ |
15,33
‰ |
|
 |
Saint Vincent |
- |
16,02 ‰ |
- |
15,27‰ |
14,62
‰ |
|
 |
Brésil |
35,0 ‰ |
16,04 ‰ |
-54% |
18,43 ‰ |
17,79
‰ |
|
 |
Emirats Arabes Unis |
36,0 ‰ |
16,06 ‰ |
-55% |
16,02 ‰ |
15,87
‰ |
|
 |
Groenland |
- |
16,08 ‰ |
- |
14,76 ‰ |
14,60
‰ |
|
 |
Turquie |
39,0 ‰ |
16,15 ‰ |
-58% |
18,66 ‰ |
17,93
‰ |
|
 |
Argentine |
23,0 ‰ |
16,32 ‰ |
-29% |
17,94 ‰ |
17,54
‰ |
|
 |
Antigua |
- |
16,35 ‰ |
- |
16,59 ‰ |
16,31
‰ |
|
 |
Kazakhstan |
26,0 ‰ |
16,44 ‰ |
-36% |
16,60 ‰ |
16,65
‰ |
|
 |
Vietnam |
41,0 ‰ |
16,47 ‰ |
-60% |
16,31 ‰ |
17,07
‰ |
|
 |
Sri Lanka |
31,0 ‰ |
16,63 ‰ |
-46% |
16,26 ‰ |
17,42
‰ |
|
 |
Cook |
- |
16,71 ‰ |
- |
16,18 ‰ |
15,37
‰ |
|
 |
Iran |
43,0 ‰ |
16,89 ‰ |
-60% |
17,17 ‰ |
18,55
‰ |
|
 |
Suriname |
37,0 ‰ |
17,02 ‰ |
-54% |
16,80 ‰ |
16,42
‰ |
|
 |
Algérie |
49,0 ‰ |
17,03 ‰ |
-65% |
16,90 ‰ |
16,69
‰ |
|
 |
Bahamas |
- |
17,06 ‰ |
- |
16,81 ‰ |
16,10
‰ |
|
 |
Birmanie |
40,0 ‰ |
17,23 ‰ |
-56% |
16,97 ‰ |
19,31
‰ |
|
 |
Bahreïn |
40,0 ‰ |
17,26 ‰ |
-57% |
17,02 ‰ |
14,64
‰ |
|
 |
Azerbaïdjan |
29,0 ‰ |
17,52 ‰ |
-39% |
17,62 ‰ |
17,85
‰ |
|
 |
Liban |
33,0 ‰ |
17,61 ‰ |
-46% |
17,10 ‰ |
15,02
‰ |
|
 |
Costa Rica |
33,0 ‰ |
17,71 ‰ |
-46% |
17,43 ‰ |
16,54
‰ |
|
 |
Afrique du Sud |
38,0 ‰ |
17,71 ‰ |
-53% |
19,93 ‰ |
19,48
‰ |
|
 |
Saint Kitts |
- |
17,77 ‰ |
- |
17,67 ‰ |
14,07
‰ |
|
 |
Guyana |
38,0 ‰ |
17,85 ‰ |
-53% |
17,56 ‰ |
17,12
‰ |
|
 |
Brunei |
- |
18,39 ‰ |
- |
18,20 ‰ |
17,87
‰ |
|
 |
Sainte Lucie |
41,0 ‰ |
18,89 ‰ |
-54% |
15,10 ‰ |
14,63
‰ |
|
 |
Indonésie |
41,0 ‰ |
19,24 ‰ |
-53% |
18,84 ‰ |
18,10
‰ |
|
 |
Pérou |
42,0 ‰ |
19,77 ‰ |
-52% |
19,38 ‰ |
19,41
‰ |
|
 |
Colombie |
38,0 ‰ |
19,86 ‰ |
-47% |
19,57 ‰ |
17,49
‰ |
|
 |
Israël |
27,0 ‰ |
20,02 ‰ |
-25% |
19,77 ‰ |
19,24
‰ |
|
 |
Mexique |
44,0 ‰ |
20,04 ‰ |
-54% |
19,71 ‰ |
19,13
‰ |
|
 |
Jordanie |
52,0 ‰ |
20,13 ‰ |
-61% |
19,55 ‰ |
26,79
‰ |
|
 |
Jamaïque |
35,0 ‰ |
20,40 ‰ |
-41% |
19,68 ‰ |
19,20
‰ |
|
 |
Bhoutan |
47,0
‰ |
20,56
‰ |
-56% |
20,07 ‰ |
19,13
‰ |
|
 |
Venezuela |
- |
20,92 ‰ |
- |
20,61 ‰ |
20,10
‰ |
|
 |
Mongolie |
42,0 ‰ |
21,09 ‰ |
-49% |
21,05 ‰ |
20,93
‰ |
|
 |
Panama |
38,0 ‰ |
21,15 ‰ |
-44% |
20,18‰ |
19,43
‰ |
|
 |
Maroc |
47,0 ‰ |
21,31 ‰ |
-54% |
20,96 ‰ |
19,19
‰ |
|
 |
Lesotho |
43,0 ‰ |
21,41 ‰ |
-50% |
24,14 ‰ |
26,93
‰ |
|
 |
Equateur |
42,0 ‰ |
21,54 ‰ |
-48% |
20,77 ‰ |
19,96
‰ |
|
 |
Koweït |
48,0 ‰ |
21,90 ‰ |
-54% |
21,81 ‰ |
21,32
‰ |
|
 |
Vanuatu |
43,0 ‰ |
21,95 ‰ |
-49% |
21,53 ‰ |
20,86
‰ |
|
 |
Egypte |
41,0 ‰ |
22,12 ‰ |
-46% |
21,70 ‰ |
24,63
‰ |
|
 |
Fidji |
34,0 ‰ |
22,15 ‰ |
-34% |
21,92 ‰ |
21,11
‰ |
|
 |
Inde |
38,0 ‰ |
22,22 ‰ |
-41% |
21,76 ‰ |
20,97
‰ |
|
 |
Bolivie |
46,0 ‰ |
22,31 ‰ |
-51% |
25,32 ‰ |
24,71
‰ |
|
 |
Malaisie |
37,0 ‰ |
22,44 ‰ |
-39% |
22,24 ‰ |
21,08
‰ |
|
 |
Rep. Dominicaine |
42,0 ‰ |
22,65 ‰ |
-46% |
22,39 ‰ |
19,67
‰ |
|
 |
Tuvalu |
- |
22,75 ‰ |
- |
23,11 ‰ |
23,24
‰ |
|
 |
Botswana |
45,0 ‰ |
22,96 ‰ |
-49% |
22,89 ‰ |
22,31
‰ |
|
 |
Namibie |
49,0 ‰ |
23,19 ‰ |
-52% |
22,51 ‰ |
21,48
‰ |
|
 |
Micronésie |
41,0 ‰ |
23,66 ‰ |
-42% |
23,10 ‰ |
22,22
‰ |
|
 |
Nicaragua |
47,0 ‰ |
23,70 ‰ |
-49% |
23,25 ‰ |
19,46
‰ |
|
 |
Cap Vert |
40,0 ‰ |
23,95 |
-40% |
23,50 ‰ |
21,47
‰ |
|
 |
Philippines |
40,0 ‰ |
24,07 ‰ |
-39% |
26,01 ‰ |
25,34
‰ |
|
 |
Turkménistan |
37,0 ‰ |
25,07 ‰ |
-32% |
19,69 ‰ |
19,54
‰ |
|
 |
Nauru |
- |
24,26 ‰ |
- |
23,90 ‰ |
27,78
‰ |
|
 |
Libye |
49,0 ‰ |
25,62 ‰ |
-47% |
25,15 ‰ |
24,04
‰ |
|
 |
Cambodge |
42,0 ‰ |
25,68 ‰ |
-38% |
25,73 ‰ |
25,40
‰ |
|
 |
Salvador |
44,0 ‰ |
25,72 ‰ |
-41% |
25,31 ‰ |
17,75
‰ |
|
 |
Ouzbékistan |
36,0 ‰ |
26,45 ‰ |
-26% |
17,58 ‰ |
17,43
‰ |
|
 |
Syrie |
47,0 ‰ |
26,57 ‰ |
-43% |
25,90 ‰ |
23,99
‰ |
|
 |
Swaziland |
50,0 ‰ |
26,60 ‰ |
-46% |
26,25 ‰ |
26,63
‰ |
|
 |
Timor |
- |
26,52 ‰ |
- |
26,25 ‰ |
25,70
‰ |
|
 |
Honduras |
47,0 ‰ |
26,93 ‰ |
-42% |
26,27 ‰ |
25,14
‰ |
|
 |
Pakistan |
43,0 ‰ |
26,93 ‰ |
-37% |
27,62 ‰ |
24,81
‰ |
|
 |
Tadjikistan |
40,0 ‰ |
27,18 ‰ |
-32% |
26,90 ‰ |
26,29
‰ |
|
 |
Zimbabwe |
48,0 ‰ |
27,38 ‰ |
-42% |
31,49 ‰ |
31,86
‰ |
|
 |
Belize |
40,0 ‰ |
27,84 ‰ |
-30% |
27,33 ‰ |
26,43
‰ |
|
 |
Papouasie |
42,0 ‰ |
28,14 ‰ |
-33% |
27,55 ‰ |
26,44
‰ |
|
 |
Samoa |
- |
28,20 ‰ |
- |
28,06 ‰ |
22,50
‰ |
|
 |
Paraguay |
37,0 ‰ |
28,47 ‰ |
-23% |
28,17 ‰ |
17,48
‰ |
|
 |
Salomon |
46,0 ‰ |
28,48 ‰ |
-17% |
27,69 ‰ |
28,03 ‰
|
|
 |
Guatemala |
44,0 ‰ |
28,55 ‰ |
-35% |
27,98 ‰ |
26,96
‰ |
|
 |
Tonga |
- |
28,81 ‰ |
- |
19,84 ‰ |
25,27
‰ |
|
 |
Bangladesh |
45,0 ‰ |
28,86 ‰ |
-35% |
24,68 ‰ |
22,98
‰ |
|
 |
Arabie Saoudite |
48,0 ‰ |
28,93 ‰ |
-39% |
28,55 ‰ |
19,34
‰ |
|
 |
Ghana |
45,0 ‰ |
29,22 ‰ |
-35% |
28,58 ‰ |
27,55
‰ |
|
|
Népal |
42,0 ‰ |
29,92 ‰ |
-28% |
23,18 ‰ |
22,17
‰ |
|
 |
Kiribati |
- |
30,31 ‰ |
- |
30,20 ‰ |
22,73
‰ |
|
 |
Irak |
46,0 ‰ |
30,77 ‰ |
-33% |
30,10 ‰ |
28,81
‰ |
|
 |
Marshall |
- |
31,52 ‰ |
- |
30,70 ‰ |
29,11
‰ |
|
 |
Centrafrique |
42,0 ‰ |
33,13 ‰ |
-21% |
32,75 ‰ |
36,46
‰ |
|
 |
Maldives |
40,0 ‰ |
33,61 ‰ |
-16% |
14,55 ‰ |
14,83
‰ |
|
 |
Erythrée |
47,0 ‰ |
33,62 ‰ |
-28% |
34,20 ‰ |
32,80
‰ |
|
 |
Cote d'Ivoire |
51,0 ‰ |
34,26 ‰ |
-33% |
32,11 ‰ |
30,95
‰ |
|
 |
Soudan |
47,0 ‰ |
34,31 ‰ |
-27% |
33,74 ‰ |
36,12
‰ |
|
 |
Laos |
|
34,46 ‰ |
|
33,94 ‰ |
26,13
‰ |
|
 |
Cameroun |
45,0 ‰ |
34,59 ‰ |
-23% |
34,10 ‰ |
33,04
‰ |
|
 |
Tanzanie |
48,0‰ |
35,12 ‰ |
-26% |
34,29 ‰ |
32,64
‰ |
|
 |
Oman |
50,0 ‰ |
35,26 ‰ |
-29% |
34,79 ‰ |
24,15
‰ |
|
 |
Haïti |
39,0 ‰ |
35,69 ‰ |
-8% |
29,10 ‰ |
24,40
‰ |
|
 |
Gabon |
34,0 ‰ |
35,75 ‰ |
+5% |
35,57 ‰ |
35,19
‰ |
|
 |
Comores |
- |
35,78 ‰ |
- |
35,23 ‰ |
34,19
‰ |
|
 |
Guinée-Bissau |
49,0 ‰ |
36,40 ‰ |
-25% |
35,97 ‰ |
35,15
‰ |
|
 |
Sénégal |
48,0 ‰ |
36,52 ‰ |
-23% |
36,84‰ |
36,73
‰ |
|
 |
Togo |
48,0 ‰ |
36,66 ‰ |
-23% |
36,44 ‰ |
35,58
‰ |
|
 |
Ethiopie |
39,0 ‰ |
36,80 ‰ |
-5% |
43,66 ‰ |
42,99
‰ |
|
 |
Guinée équatoriale |
41,0 ‰ |
37,04 ‰ |
-9% |
36,52 ‰ |
35,43
‰ |
|
 |
Bénin |
47,0 ‰ |
37,36 ‰ |
-20% |
39,22 ‰ |
38,11
‰ |
|
 |
Kenya |
51,0 ‰ |
37,89 ‰ |
-25% |
36,64 ‰ |
33,54
‰ |
|
 |
Mozambique |
48,0 |
38,21 ‰ |
-20% |
37,98 ‰ |
39,62
‰ |
|
 |
Gambie |
50,0 ‰ |
38,36 ‰ |
-23% |
37,87 ‰ |
34,19
‰ |
|
 |
Madagascar |
47,0 ‰ |
38,38 ‰ |
-18% |
38,14 ‰ |
37,51
‰ |
|
 |
Djibouti |
49,0 ‰ |
38,61 ‰ |
-21% |
38,13 ‰ |
25,27
‰ |
|
 |
Rwanda |
53,0 ‰ |
39,97 ‰ |
-24% |
39,67 ‰ |
36,74
‰ |
|
 |
Nigeria |
42,0 ‰ |
39,98 ‰ |
-4% |
36,65 ‰ |
35,51
‰ |
|
 |
Mauritanie |
45,0 ‰ |
40,14 ‰ |
-10% |
34,11 ‰ |
33,23
‰ |
|
 |
Zambie |
49,0 ‰ |
40,52 ‰ |
-17% |
40,24 ‰ |
44,08
‰ |
|
 |
Guinée |
50,0 ‰ |
41,31 ‰ |
-17% |
37,52 ‰ |
36,90
‰ |
|
 |
Tchad |
46,0 ‰ |
41,61 ‰ |
-9% |
40,86 ‰ |
39,40
‰ |
|
 |
Burundi |
44,0 ‰ |
41,72 ‰ |
-5% |
41,42 ‰ |
41,01
‰ |
|
 |
Congo Brazzaville |
44,0 ‰ |
41,76 ‰ |
-5% |
41,37 ‰ |
40,55
‰ |
|
 |
Malawi |
56,0 ‰ |
41,79 ‰ |
-25% |
41,48 ‰ |
40,85
‰ |
|
 |
Yémen |
56,0 ‰ |
42,42 ‰ |
-24% |
42,14 ‰ |
33,49
‰ |
|
 |
Liberia |
49,0 ‰ |
42,92 ‰ |
-12% |
42,25 ‰ |
37,25
‰ |
|
 |
Congo Kinshasa |
48,0 ‰ |
43,00 ‰ |
-10% |
42,63 ‰ |
37,74
‰ |
|
 |
Angola |
52,0 ‰ |
44,09 ‰ |
-15% |
43,69 ‰ |
42,91
‰ |
|
 |
Somalie |
51,0 ‰ |
44,12 ‰ |
-13% |
43,70 ‰ |
42,71
‰ |
|
 |
Burkina-Faso |
51,0 ‰ |
44,68 ‰ |
-12% |
44,33 ‰ |
43,59
‰ |
|
 |
Sierra Leone |
47,0 ‰ |
45,08 ‰ |
-4% |
44,73 ‰ |
38,46
‰ |
|
 |
Afghanistan |
52,0 ‰ |
45,82 ‰ |
-11% |
45,46 ‰ |
37,83
‰ |
|
 |
Ouganda |
49,0 ‰ |
48,12 ‰ |
-2% |
47,84 ‰ |
47,49
‰ |
|
 |
Mali |
52,0 ‰ |
49,38 ‰ |
-4% |
49,15 ‰ |
45,62
‰ |
|
 |
Niger |
58,0 ‰ |
49,62 ‰ |
-14% |
51,60 ‰ |
50,54
‰ |
| Monde |
|
|
|
19,95
‰ |
|
(1)
Variation de 1970 à 2008
|
|
|
|
