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The Search for Identity: 1st National Architecture Movement
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Foreign Architects of the Young Republic
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The New Approach Towards the Contemporary Movements
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A New Perspective on National Architecture: 2nd. National Architecture Movement
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The 1950's and Modernism
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1960's
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TURKISH ARCHITECTURE IN THE REPUBLICAN PERIOD
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Curator: Dogan Hasol The exhibition describes the architectural trends in Turkish architecture from First National Architectural Style to contemporary architecture. It covers an extensive selection of buildings which reflects basic characteristics of each movement. These buildings are selected as the typical examples which supports the text. Certainly, many outstanding architectural examples are available as well. In the 19th century the strengthened nationalist movements in Europe brought Ottoman Empire to its unavoidable end. As the European communites have broken away from the Empire one by one, the Ottoman intellectuals expecting remedy from Islamic solidarity, or Panislamism, turned their faces to East. Therefore, the 19th century and early 20th century were the period of Ottoman-Islam synthesis. However, after the Arabian countries' break away from the Empire, it would be understood with deception that the Panislamism was not the remedy either. The following movement would be Panturkism and the remedy would be sought in "back to the origin". In lieu of religious bounds, Nationalism was in the foreground from then on. Reflections and influences of all these social and political developments can be seen in the architectural movements of the time.
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The Search for Identity: 1st National Architecture Movement
The trend towards nationalism that followed the proclamation in 1908 of the 2nd Constitution brought about new research in architecture. In Turkish architecture, the period known as Neoclassic Turkish Style or a National Renaissance in Architecture, which began at this time, was headed by the architects Kemaletti...
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Foreign Architects of the Young Republic
Building requirements increased rapidly particularly in the new capital, Ankara.. There were not enough architects to meet these needs so after 1927 a new period began when the hegemony of foreign architects predominated. . Architects such as Clemens Holzmeister , Ernst Egli ,Theodor Jost, Hermann Jansen, Martin ...
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The New Approach Towards the Contemporary Movements
Pioneering thought in the West which centred on Bauhaus and CIAM was not slow in coming to Turkey..In the 1930's some Turkish architects followed the contemporary International Style closely, and for about ten years constructed buildings which followed the Western trends of cubism and the use of reinforced ...
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The 1950's and Modernism
During the 1950s Turkish Architecture came under the influence of Modern Architecture which was spreading through Europe and the USA at the time. Buildings of this period show a tendency towards rationalism. WW II was over and politically and socially Turkey was turning more and more towards the West. Typical bui...
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1960's
From rationalism, the Sixties became a time of search for flexible and more fragmented forms.
Among works of the period from 1960 to 1970 which are worthy of attention one may cite the Istanbul Vakıflar Hotel ( today the Ceylan Intercontinental, AHE, 1959), the Istanbul Manufacturers' Market (Dogan Tekel...
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