Cognitive Neuropsychology
Accurate mental representation of visual stimuli requires retaining not only the individual features but also the correct relationship between them. This associative process of binding is mediated by working memory (WM) mechanisms. The... more
Accurate mental representation of visual stimuli requires retaining not only the individual features but also the correct relationship between them. This associative process of binding is mediated by working memory (WM) mechanisms. The present study re-examined reports of WM-related binding deficits with aging. In Experiment 1, 31 older and 31 younger adults completed a visual change detection task with feature-location relations presented either simultaneously or sequentially; the paradigm was also designed specifically to minimize the impact of lengthy retention intervals, elaborative rehearsal, and processing demands of multi-stimulus probes. In Experiment 2, 38 older and 42 younger adults completed a modified task containing both feature-location relations and feature-feature conjunctions. In Experiment 1 although feature-location binding was more difficult with sequential compared with simultaneous presentation, the effect was independent of age. In Experiment 2 while older adults were overall slower and less accurate than young adults, there were no age-specific deficits in WM binding. Overall, after controlling for methodological factors, there was no evidence of an age-related visual WM binding deficit for surface or location features. However, unlike younger adults, older adults appeared less able to restrict processing of irrelevant features, consistent with reported declines with age in strategic capacities of WM.
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This is a Research Paper based on an exploratory study done by the Research Scholar which explores different psychological aspects of ‘Honour Killing’ based on the reports, research studies and anecdotes published and observations made... more
This is a Research Paper based on an exploratory study done by the Research Scholar which explores different psychological aspects of ‘Honour Killing’ based on the reports, research studies and anecdotes published and observations made with an intensive approach on the concept. It is a study designed to identify and research different psychological dimensions like ‘Culture’, ‘Attitude’, ‘honour’ ‘Belief’ ‘Morality’ etc and its bearing on ‘Honour Killing’ based on the conflict between the individual and the family due to various reasons like choice of sexual/marital partner, Education and employment, Dress, Behaviour and contact with the opposite sex, Sexuality, General conformity to the family and community’s culture and expectations. This exploratory study was carried out as a qualitative research under Indian scenario based on secondary data available on the area which also included basic references on international incidents on the same. The research enquiry focused on several research questions: What is ‘Honour Killing’ and its various types?; How the psychological aspects of ‘culture’, ‘honour’, ‘morality’, ‘attitude’ and ‘belief’ are connected with ‘honour killing’?; Why the above said psychological concepts in human beings are more stronger than the other psychological concepts in them like ‘feelings’, ‘emotions’, ‘sentiments’, ‘humanity’ and other social traits when they commit homicides in the name of ‘honour’?. Why people are inclined to obey and follow biased and communal based ‘Khap’ Panchayats instead of the existing legal and Constitutional provisions and systems in the Country while treating issues or incidents? The study points out how the multifarious psychological aspects influencing ‘honour killing’ and to what extent it creates panic and havoc in the society which deter the stability of social life thereby ends life of many citizens in a nation as well as affects the development of a nation.
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Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą uzgodnienia stanowisk narratologii kognitywistycznej, psychonarratologii, medio-znawstwa, filozofii wirtualności i ludologii w interdyscyplinarnych studiach nad imersją w li¬teraturze i kulturze. Wbrew... more
Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą uzgodnienia stanowisk narratologii kognitywistycznej, psychonarratologii, medio-znawstwa, filozofii wirtualności i ludologii w interdyscyplinarnych studiach nad imersją w li¬teraturze i kulturze. Wbrew dominującej tendencji do konceptualizowania imersywności jako zjawiska towarzyszącego pierwszo-rzędnie doświadczeniom interaktywności czy telematyczności, proponuje się tu podążyć za uwagami Marie-Laure Ryan i Lisbeth Klastrup na temat nowych sytuacji odbiorczych w narracjach światocentrycznych, kreujących wrażenie swego rodzaju „światoodczucia” (wordlness). Dzięki zaś zestawieniu zbliżonych mechanizmów odbiorczych w grach wideo, kinie 3D i literaturze światotwórczej, sformułowana zostaje propozycja teoretyczna umożliwiająca opis zjawiska odbioru rezydentnego, przedkładającego „wyobrażeniowe zamieszkanie w świecie” ponad pogoń za atrakcyjną i wartką fabułą.
Research Interests: Philosophy, Reception Studies, Virtual Reality (Computer Graphics), Reception Theory, Literature, and 27 moreNarrative, Cognitive Narratology, Video Games, World Building and Level Design, Audience and Reception Studies, Fictionality, Telematic Art, Science Fiction, Cognitive Neuropsychology, Reading, Transmedial Storytelling, Reading Comprehension, Psychonarratology, Narrative Theory, Science Fiction and Fantasy, Virtual Worlds, Immersion and Experience, Immersive Virtual Learning Environment, Telematics, Fiction, Immersion, Transmedia, Immersive Environments, Possible Worlds theory and Fictional worlds, World Building, Marie-Laure Ryan, and Transmediality
The recent incorporation of physical information as a distinct entity alongside matter, energy, and the fundamental forces has begun a scientific revolution. Evidence is implicating a deep relationship between matter, energy, and physical... more
The recent incorporation of physical information as a distinct entity alongside matter, energy, and the fundamental forces has begun a scientific revolution. Evidence is implicating a deep relationship between matter, energy, and physical information that requires closer examination by the neuroscience community. While the general mechanistic features of information processing in the brain are well understood and studied in great detail, fundamental problems have remained entirely unsolved. These problems include consciousness, qualia, feature binding, symbol grounding, dualism, the mind-body problem, and deterministic free will. Resolving such problems and eliminating the discrepancy between current theoretical and experimental models of the brain may depend on considering information to be physical, and such interpretation currently seems to be supported by all available evidence. The purpose of this paper is not to challenge the established doctrines of contemporary neuroscience but to present a very preliminary alternative interpretation of the brain that may supplement our current understanding of its structure and function, even if by falsification. It is possible that the brain provides a unique window into the relationship between matter, energy, and physical information.
Research Interests: Evolutionary Biology, Neuroscience, Neuropsychology, Evolutionary Psychology, Quantum Computing, and 17 morePhysics, Theoretical Physics, Quantum Physics, Thermodynamics, Theoretical Psychology, Computational Neuroscience, Neurophilosophy, Cognitive Neuropsychology, Consciousness, Social Neuroscience, Neurophenomenology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurophysiology, Theoretical biology, Information processing and physics, Mind-body problem, and Information Theory, Entropy, Theoretical Biology
Abstract— In light of recent neurological and related scientific research, this paper suggests that political evil is the socially engineered consequence of nominally reputable institutions that school its manufacture on a continuum. The... more
Abstract— In light of recent neurological and related scientific research, this paper suggests that political evil is the socially engineered consequence of nominally reputable institutions that school its manufacture on a continuum. The author attempts to synthesize a précis of sufficiently well refereed inter-disciplinary knowledge to scientifically account for the extraordinary post 9/11 evolution of micro- to macro-political control of global human resolve. The principles posited remained enigmatic until recently but echo those of ancient mystery religions. References to Kant, Vygotsky and other polymaths aid this effort to adequately describe a developing typology that decrypts the profound riddle of human cognition and thought that impedes corrective strategies.
Research Interests: Political Sociology, Cognitive Psychology, Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Philosophy of Mind, and 9 moreSociology of Education, Propaganda, Educational Psychology, Theory of Mind, Embodied Mind and Cognition, Cognitive Neuropsychology, Education Policy, Cognitive Neuroscience, and Neuropolitics
Background: The involvement of the semantic system in picture naming is undisputed. However, it has been proposed that translation could take place via direct lexical links between L1 and L2 word forms in addition to or instead of via... more
Background: The involvement of the semantic system in picture naming is undisputed. However, it has been proposed that translation could take place via direct lexical links between L1 and L2 word forms in addition to or instead of via semantics (i.e., with translation going from a spoken word in L1 accessing its meaning and this meaning then leading to the retrieval of the translation equivalent in L2). There is conflicting evidence in the psycholinguistic literature as to the extent of semantic mediation in translation vs. picture naming tasks (Potter et al, 1984; Kroll and Stewart, 1994). More recently, Hernandez et al (2010) investigated this question in a case study of JFF, a proficient bilingual Spanish-Catalan speaker with Alzheimer’s disease and naming difficulties due to a semantic deficit. As JFF’s semantic deficit did not only affect picture naming but also translation tasks, the authors concluded against the existence of functional direct lexical links to support translation. The goal of our study was to explore this issue further in a larger sample of proficient bilingual patients with aphasia and word finding difficulties in both languages. More specifically, we compare the rate of semantic errors produced in naming vs. translation tasks.
Hypotheses: If there is equal involvement of the semantic system in naming and in translation tasks, then there should be no difference in the rate of semantic errors produced in the two tasks. However, if there are at least partly functional direct lexical links between translation equivalents, then we should observe fewer semantic errors in translation than in naming.
Participants. Nine Welsh-English early proficient bilingual aphasic participants were selected for participation. Each patient scored significantly lower (p < .05) than age-matched controls (N=37) on at least one task using the modified t-tests for single cases (Crawford & Howell, 1998), and made semantic errors on naming tasks in both languages. Although several of the patients demonstrated semantic impairment, the main difficulty was with word retrieval.
Methods: Picture naming and translation tasks were administered in each language. Each task included 80 items, matched across languages for frequency, word length and number of cognates; naming and translation probed the same words.
Results: Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests showed significantly fewer semantic errors overall in translation tasks compared to naming tasks within each language, English: Z = -2.53, p = .004; Welsh: Z = -2.03, p = .020. At the individual level, this effect was significant for 8 out of the 9 patients when semantic errors were compared to both overall errors and to overall number of test items (Fisher’s exact test, p <.01).
Discussion: Eight out of 9 patients made significantly more semantic errors in a picture naming task compared to a translation task with the same target items. This is at odds with the findings of Hernandez et al (2010) and is consistent with the hypothesis that translation takes place, at least in part, via direct lexical connections between languages with reduced semantic mediation.
Hypotheses: If there is equal involvement of the semantic system in naming and in translation tasks, then there should be no difference in the rate of semantic errors produced in the two tasks. However, if there are at least partly functional direct lexical links between translation equivalents, then we should observe fewer semantic errors in translation than in naming.
Participants. Nine Welsh-English early proficient bilingual aphasic participants were selected for participation. Each patient scored significantly lower (p < .05) than age-matched controls (N=37) on at least one task using the modified t-tests for single cases (Crawford & Howell, 1998), and made semantic errors on naming tasks in both languages. Although several of the patients demonstrated semantic impairment, the main difficulty was with word retrieval.
Methods: Picture naming and translation tasks were administered in each language. Each task included 80 items, matched across languages for frequency, word length and number of cognates; naming and translation probed the same words.
Results: Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests showed significantly fewer semantic errors overall in translation tasks compared to naming tasks within each language, English: Z = -2.53, p = .004; Welsh: Z = -2.03, p = .020. At the individual level, this effect was significant for 8 out of the 9 patients when semantic errors were compared to both overall errors and to overall number of test items (Fisher’s exact test, p <.01).
Discussion: Eight out of 9 patients made significantly more semantic errors in a picture naming task compared to a translation task with the same target items. This is at odds with the findings of Hernandez et al (2010) and is consistent with the hypothesis that translation takes place, at least in part, via direct lexical connections between languages with reduced semantic mediation.
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In the New York Times, psychologist Lisa Feldman Barrett argues that "Psychology is Not in Crisis." She is responding to the results of a large-scale initiative called the Reproducibility Project, published in Science magazine, which... more
In the New York Times, psychologist Lisa Feldman Barrett argues that "Psychology is Not in Crisis." She is responding to the results of a large-scale initiative called the Reproducibility Project, published in Science magazine, which appeared to show that the findings from over 60 percent of a sample of 100 psychology studies did not hold up when independent labs attempted to replicate them. She argues that "the failure to replicate is not a cause for alarm; in fact, it is a normal part of how science works." But she's making a pretty big assumption here, which is that the studies we're interested in are "well-designed" and "carefully run." A major reason for the so-called "crisis" in psychology, however, is the fact that a very large number of not-well-designed, and not-carefully-run studies have been making it through peer review for decades.
Research Interests: Organizational Behavior, Business Ethics, Neuroscience, Sociology, Political Sociology, and 106 moreSociology of Religion, Psychology, Applied Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Science, Organizational Psychology, Personality Psychology, Positive Psychology, Psychoanalysis, Social Psychology, Sport Psychology, Neuropsychology, Developmental Psychology, Evolutionary Psychology, Experimental Psychology, Forensic Psychology, Health Psychology, Computer Science, Information Science, Health Sciences, Medical Sciences, Neurology, Psychiatry, Economics, Development Economics, Anthropology, Medical Anthropology, Philosophy, Political Philosophy, Ethics, Philosophy of Science, Communication, Statistics, Normative Ethics, Applied Ethics, Moral Psychology, Education, Sociology of Education, Journalism, Behavioral Sciences, Social Sciences, Science Communication, Multivariate Statistics, Memory (Cognitive Psychology), Science Education, Psychotherapy, Counseling Psychology, Environmental Psychology, History of Medicine, Political Psychology, Sociolinguistics, Psychometrics, Innovation statistics, Higher Education, Neuroimaging, Motivation (Psychology), Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Psychotherapy and Counseling, Educational Psychology, Music Psychology, Social and Cultural Anthropology, History of Science, Philosophy of Psychology, Applied Statistics, Cognition, Embodied Cognition, Medical Education, Political Science, Social Cognition, Psychology of Religion, Mass Communication, Psycholinguistics, Cultural Psychology, Cross-Cultural Psychology, Citizen Journalism, Political communication, Psychopathology, Cognitive Neuropsychology, Affective Neuroscience, Medical Ethics, Consumer Behavior, Social Neuroscience, Cognitive Linguistics, Neurolinguistics, Behavioral Economics, Statistical Modeling, Music Cognition, Philosophy of Cognitive Science, History Of Psychology, Urban Sociology, Online Journalism, Moral Philosophy, Cognitive Neuroscience, Probability and statistics, Neurobiology, Medicine, Ethical Hacking, Journals, Sociología, Neuropsicología, Psicologia Cognitiva, Journalism And Mass communication, Sociology of Journalism, and Questionable Research Practices
Diverse efforts have been done to improve the etiologic understanding of mental disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It becomes clear that research in mental disorders needs to move beyond descriptive... more
Diverse efforts have been done to improve the etiologic understanding of mental disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It becomes clear that research in mental disorders needs to move beyond descriptive syndromes. Several studies support recent theoretical models implicating working memory (WM) deficits in ADHD complex neuropsychology. The aim of this study was to examine the association between rs2199161 and rs478597 polymorphisms at MAP1B and NOS1 genes with verbal working memory in children and adolescents with ADHD. A total of 253 unrelated ADHD children/adolescents were included. The sample was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-4th edition criteria. Digit Span from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition was used to assess verbal WM. The raw scores from both forward and backward conditions of Digit Span were summed and converted into scaled scores according to age. The means of scaled Digit Span were compared according to genotypes by ANOVA. Significant differences in Digit Span scores between MAP1B genotype groups (rs2199161: F = 5.676; p = 0.018) and NOS1 (rs478597: F = 6.833; p = 0.009) genes were detected. For both polymorphisms, the CC genotype carriers showed a worse performance in WM task. Our findings suggest possible roles of NOS1 and MAP1B genes in WM performance in ADHD patients, replicating previous results with NOS1 gene in this cognitive domain in ADHD children.
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Equívocos sobre como o cérebro funciona são incorporados em programas de treinamento corporativo e estão sabotando sua eficácia. As empresas devem reavalia-las à luz dos mais recentes conhecimentos científicos.
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The Internet age has given rise to a dangerous type of exhibitionism among people in general, and people who need parenting courses in particular. This becomes dangerous when the pathological demand for public attention places a child at... more
The Internet age has given rise to a dangerous type of exhibitionism among people in general, and people who need parenting courses in particular. This becomes dangerous when the pathological demand for public attention places a child at risk.
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People of different cultures share their beliefs that problems with memory increase as people age. To escape with these problem they use different types of instruments such as reminder, calling watch, diary and vibrator etc. with which... more
People of different cultures share their beliefs that problems with memory increase as people age. To escape with these problem they use different types of instruments such as reminder, calling watch, diary and vibrator etc. with which they are able to maintain their quality of life and daily routine. Compensation systems that have been developed for research with older adults range from simple reminders systems to home robotic support systems. Some result show that the person most likely to use an electronic memory aid was an individual with a high level of education, a need for external aids (problems remembering to do future tasks) and with experience using other electronic devices (e.g. calculator, computer) and other person reported to use at least one external aid regularly with the most popular aids being calendars, address books, paper notes and alarm clocks. The automated telephone reminder systems for appointments is a form of telehealth. This type of system was shown to improve adherence to pre-appointment procedures for older adults, such as remembering to bring certain information to laboratory. This review provide a summary of aides in memory problem to improve daily life routine of elderly people.
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Reversal learning has been extensively studied across species as a task that indexes the ability to flexibly make and reverse deterministic stimulus–reward associations. Although various brain lesions have been found to affect performance... more
Reversal learning has been extensively studied across species as a task that indexes the ability to flexibly make and reverse deterministic stimulus–reward associations. Although various brain lesions have been found to affect performance on this task, the behavioral processes affected by these lesions have not yet been determined. This task includes at least two kinds of learning. First, subjects have to learn and reverse stimulus–reward associations in each block of trials. Second, subjects become more proficient at reversing choice preferences as they experience more reversals. We have developed a Bayesian approach to separately characterize these two learning processes. Reversal of choice behavior within each block is driven by a combination of evidence that a reversal has occurred, and a prior belief in reversals that evolves with experience across blocks. We applied the approach to behavior obtained from 89 macaques, comprising 12 lesion groups and a control group. We found that animals from all of the groups reversed more quickly as they experienced more reversals, and correspondingly they updated their prior beliefs about reversals at the same rate. However, the initial values of the priors that the various groups of animals brought to the task differed significantly, and it was these initial priors that led to the differences in behavior. Thus, by taking a Bayesian approach we find that variability in reversal-learning performance attributable to different neural systems is primarily driven by different prior beliefs about reversals that each group brings to the task.
Research Interests: Neuroscience, Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Neuropsychology, Psychiatry, and 29 moreNeuroeconomics, Decision Making, Reinforcement Learning, Animal Behavior, Bayesian, Learning and Memory (Neurosciences), Anterior Cingulate, Behavioral Decision Making, Cognitive Neuropsychology, Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Behavioral Economics, Systems Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurobiology, Cluster Analysis (Multivariate Data Analysis), Behavioral Neuroscience, Bayesian statistics & modelling, Strategy, Bayesian Inference, Hippocampus, Clustering, Amygdala structure and function, Amygdala, Orbitofrontal cortex, Object learning, Rhesus Monkey, Rhesus macaques, Reversal Learning, and Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Episodic memory impairment is a robust correlate of familial risk for schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD); still much is unknown about the processes that underlie this deficit and how they may be implicated in BD and SZ. We... more
Episodic memory impairment is a robust correlate of familial risk for schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD); still much is unknown about the processes that underlie this deficit and how they may be implicated in BD and SZ. We examined the possibility that (a) episodic memory impairment may arise from abnormalities in the cognitive control of interference between task-relevant and task-irrelevant memories during retrieval; inability to suppress task-irrelevant representations could give rise to intrusions of inappropriate memories and increased rate of forgetting, (b) cognitive control deficits during retrieval may be differentially affected by familial predisposition to SZ or BD. We examined episodic memory in relatives of patients with SZ (SZ-R) (n=15) or BD (BD-R) (n=17) compared to healthy controls (n=23) using the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and the Doors and People Test (DPT). All relatives were free of any psychiatric morbidity and were matched to controls on age, sex, educational achievement and general intellectual ability. During the CVLT, both relatives' groups made significantly more perseverative recall errors than controls. However, intrusion errors were significantly increased in SZ-R only. SZ-R also showed increased rate of forgetting in the DPT while BD-R were comparable to controls. Familial predisposition to SZ, compared to that of BD, was associated with significantly greater impairment in cognitive control processes during episodic memory retrieval with some evidence of specificity for SZ in connection with mechanisms relating to increased forgetting.
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Music can be a powerful tool in the treatment of brain disorders and acquired injuries, helping patients recover language and motor skills. New music-based therapies can trigger neuroplasticity—fostering local connections and long-range... more
Music can be a powerful tool in the treatment of brain disorders and acquired injuries, helping patients recover language and motor skills. New music-based therapies can trigger neuroplasticity—fostering local connections and long-range pathways that compensate for impairments in damaged regions of the brain. The greatest benefits from therapy—cognitive, emotional and social—come from effortful engagement with music.
Full reference: Thompson, W.F., & Schlaug, G. (2015). The healing power of music. Scientific American: Mind, 26(2), 33-41.
Full reference: Thompson, W.F., & Schlaug, G. (2015). The healing power of music. Scientific American: Mind, 26(2), 33-41.
Research Interests: Neuroscience, Clinical Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Neurology, Music Education, and 13 moreEducation, Psychology of Music, Art Therapy, Music Psychology, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Aphasia, Cognitive Neuropsychology, Music Cognition, Music Therapy, Cognitive Neuroscience, Music Perception, Neurosciences in music, and Speech and language therapy
This exploration of how the unique susceptibility of the modern human brain to neurodegenerative illnesses appears to be related to that brain’s acquisition of complex cognitive functions is informed by both neuroscientific data and... more
This exploration of how the unique susceptibility of the modern human brain to neurodegenerative illnesses appears to be related to that brain’s acquisition of complex cognitive functions is informed by both neuroscientific data and present understanding of recent human evolution. The near-absence of such pathologies in other extant primates prompts an analysis of the differences between the human and ape brains, which relate both to relative size and structure. Relevant human brain illnesses implicate specific brain areas in these pathologies, such as the frontal cortex, temporal and parietal lobes, limbic system and basal ganglia in illness like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Parkinson’s disease and others. The expansion of these same areas has also facilitated the advanced cognitive abilities marking the emergence of Homo sapiens. The authors then explore the questions of when, in this process, the brain diseases first established themselves in the genome, and why natural evolutionary processes failed to select against them. Based on the similarly deleterious introduction of gracility in formerly robust human populations, attributed to breeding mate selection becoming influenced by cultural constructs, the hypothesis is proposed that the dramatic rise of culture over the past 40,000 years or so also rendered the toleration of these brain pathologies possible. Just as the modern human has become a fetalized, neotenous form of ape through unintended self-domestication, a similar process also protected unfavorable mutations of recent encephalization, such as demyelination, against natural selection.
Research Interests: Evolutionary Biology, Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Science, Neuropsychology, and 27 moreArchaeology, Paleoanthropology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Human Evolution, Primatology, Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Alzheimer's Disease, Cognition, Parkinson's Disease, Social Cognition, Archaeological Method & Theory, Cognitive Neuropsychology, Brain and Cognitive Development, Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Neanderthals (Palaeolithic Archaeology), Behavioral Neuroscience, Archeologia, Evolution and Human Behavior, Prehistory, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Prehistoric Archeology, Evolutionary Primatology, Archeologie, Archéologie, and Archeology
This exploration of how the unique susceptibility of the modern human brain to neurodegenerative illnesses appears to be related to that brain’s acquisition of complex cognitive functions is informed by both neuroscientific data and... more
This exploration of how the unique susceptibility of the modern human brain to neurodegenerative illnesses appears to be related to that brain’s acquisition of complex cognitive functions is informed by both neuroscientific data and present understanding of recent human evolution. The near-absence of such pathologies in other extant primates prompts an analysis of the differences between the human and ape brains, which relate both to relative size and structure. Relevant human brain illnesses implicate specific brain areas in these pathologies, such as the frontal cortex, temporal and parietal lobes, limbic system and basal ganglia in illness like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Parkinson’s disease and others. The expansion of these same areas has also facilitated the advanced cognitive abilities marking the emergence of Homo sapiens. The authors then explore the questions of when, in this process, the brain diseases first established themselves in the genome, and why natural evolutionary processes failed to select against them. Based on the similarly deleterious introduction of gracility in formerly robust human populations, attributed to breeding mate selection becoming influenced by cultural constructs, the hypothesis is proposed that the dramatic rise of culture over the past 40,000 years or so also rendered the toleration of these brain pathologies possible. Just as the modern human has become a fetalized, neotenous form of ape through unintended self-domestication, a similar process also protected unfavorable mutations of recent encephalization, such as demyelination, against natural selection.
Research Interests: Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Neuroscience, Neuropsychology, Evolutionary Psychology, and 27 moreArchaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Human Evolution, Primatology, Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Alzheimer's Disease, Cognition, Embodied Cognition, Population Genetics, Evolutionary genetics, Social Cognition, Archaeological Method & Theory, Embodied Mind and Cognition, Cognitive Neuropsychology, Evolution, Animal Cognition, Brain and Cognitive Development, Cognitive Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Evolution and Human Behavior, Prehistory, Mental Illness, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Evolutionary Primatology, Von economo neurons, and Neoteny
The problems of formation of self-organizational skills are considered in article. There is the assumption that the academic skills which are forming in the course of educational activity mastering (planning, goal-setting,... more
The problems of formation of self-organizational skills are considered in article. There is the assumption that the academic skills which are forming in the course of educational activity mastering (planning, goal-setting, time-management, self-control, self-estimation, etc.) lie in the basis of person self-organization of activity. The results of researches proving influence of academic skills on result of solution of educational and scientific-educational tasks at different grade levels (postgraduate study, higher education institution, at school) are given. It is shown that a base of self-organizational structure is organization (an ability to construct the work according to a goal, to find resources independently and thanks to endurance and persistence to finish begun). Driving motive is the relation of a person to the time and level of formation of learning strategies: cognitive (repetition, elaboration, organization of a training material) and metacognitive (planning, observation, control). The self-organizational resource provides efficiency of training material assimilation, allowing “being able to study”. In consequence it is transferred to labor activity in the form of ability to understand and accept a problem, to plan its solution, to estimate and control the actions. From this point of view training process creates the conditions forming intelligence and independence of activity. Leveling of the cognitive-organizational mechanism at the organization of the educational activity focused only on information support of educational process, leads to decrease in the level of control and regulation of one's own activity.
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We all have a self. Neuroscience doesn't.
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Les études actuelles ont pris plusieurs directions: a. recherches concernant la notion du bi/multilinguisme avec ses distinctions et de plus en plus de précisions quant à l’âge d’acquisition de la L2. b. recherches sur les compétences... more
Les études actuelles ont pris plusieurs directions:
a. recherches concernant la notion du bi/multilinguisme avec ses distinctions et de plus en plus de précisions quant à l’âge d’acquisition de la L2.
b. recherches sur les compétences métalinguistiques et cognitives comme résultantes du multilinguisme par rapport aux enfants unilingues/monolingues.
c. recherche sur le cerveau des multilingues afin de déterminer si- sous l’effet du multilinguisme – le cerveau des enfants/adultes multilingues fonctionne différemment de celui des monolingues.
Cette dernière question est de taille, car les résultats des études pourraient ouvrir de nouvelles voies pour l’enseignement.
a. recherches concernant la notion du bi/multilinguisme avec ses distinctions et de plus en plus de précisions quant à l’âge d’acquisition de la L2.
b. recherches sur les compétences métalinguistiques et cognitives comme résultantes du multilinguisme par rapport aux enfants unilingues/monolingues.
c. recherche sur le cerveau des multilingues afin de déterminer si- sous l’effet du multilinguisme – le cerveau des enfants/adultes multilingues fonctionne différemment de celui des monolingues.
Cette dernière question est de taille, car les résultats des études pourraient ouvrir de nouvelles voies pour l’enseignement.
