Zoonotic Disease

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Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in human and sheep in Al- Diwaniyah province by Real Time-PCR

Background: Iraq is agricultural country, but the important aspect of livestock shown by most of the studies conducted in previous years, which dealt with Q fever infection in animals (cattle, sheep and goat) strikingly. Q fever it is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burentii. Material and methods: One hundred and five (105), human samples used in the study were (50) (22 sputum/28 bronchial-alveolar lavage) collected from Teaching Hospital and Center Pulmonology and Respiratory Specialist in Al-Diwaniyah. Collected sheep samples were (55) Sample (28 nasopharyngeal swabs and 27 bronchial fluids) from the slaughterhouse of Al-Diwaniya during January – august 2016. All samples were collected from peoples & sheep that suffer from clear respiratory signs. By using Sybr Green Real Time-PCR technique the samples tested directly. Results: showed that the infection incidence in humans (16%) and in sheep (38.181%), the study proved that there were a significant differences at the site of infection in the respiratory tract (URT& LRT) for humans and sheep alike, as well as in terms of age groups and gender. Conclusions: Q fever is a serious disease circulating between peoples in Al-Diwaniyah city and clearly defined risk groups: people with respiratory infection, heart and vascular disease, immunosuppressed patients and distributed in sheep that have respiratory disorder. Real Time –PCR is a potential tool to diagnosis of C. burnetii in humans and animals, because of its rapid and sensitive detection.

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Prevalence of Coenurus cerebralis and its Economic Loss in Small Ruminants Slaughtered at Bishoftu Elfora Export Abattoir, Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was carried out at Elfora Export Abattoir in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia from November 2014 to April 2015 to assess the prevalence and economic impact of Coenurus cerebralis in small ruminants. Of a total 384 sheep 384 goats heads examined, 19(4.9%) and 45(11.7%) sheep and goats were found to be affected by coenurosis, respectively. The difference in prevalence between the two species was statistically significant (p<0.05). The localization of cyst in the brain of small ruminants showed that the Taenia multiceps larval stages, C. cerebralis, most commonly found in the cerebral hemispheres (94.7%) and the rest in the cerebellum (5.3%). In the cerebral hemispheres, the left side cerebral hemisphere contained (64.44%) in goats, (47.37%) in sheep, in the right side cerebral hemisphere (20.0%) in goats, (42.11%) in sheep, in the median fissure of the cerebrum (13.33%) in goats, (5.26%) in sheep and the rest in the cerebellum (5.3%) both in sheep and goats Postmortem examination had showed that C. cerebralis occurred with a range of 1 to 5 cysts per brain. The total annual financial loss due to brain condemnation was estimated at 18,127.2 USD (335,353.2 ETB). Based on this study, it was concluded that coenurosis was one of the most important parasitic diseases in small ruminants in Ethiopia which resulted in great economic loss at national level and therefore, appropriate control measure should be taken.

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- by Shimelis Mengistu and +1
  dinaol Belina
- Zoonotic Disease

Pasteurella organism: Its isolation and identification from pneumonic lungs of goats in Ethiopia

Objective: The objective of this study was to isolate and identify Pasteurella spp. associated with pneumonic lungs showing respiratory signs of goats in Ethiopia. Materials and methods: A total of 2400 goats that were slaughtered at the Hashim's Ethiopian Livestock and Meat Export abattoir, Ethiopia were randomly selected for this cross-sectional study during the period of October 2013 to July 2014. Detail ante-mortem, and post-mortem (PM) lesions were inspected, and the suspected samples were collected aseptically from the lungs. Among 2400 goats, 31(1.29%) goats were not slaughtered because these goats showed severe clinical signs. Thus, 2369 goats were slaughtered finally. The collected samples were subjected for isolation and identification of bacterial species following conventional methods such as culture and biochemical examinations. Results: Out of 2400 goats examined, 960(40%) animals showed different abnormal respiratory signs. Based on PM findings, 16.21% (n=384/2369) lungs were found as pneumonic, of which 78.38% (n=301/384) were found to be associated with Pasteurella organism. The overall prevalence of Pasteurella organism (Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida) was 12.71% (n=301/2369). In this study, youngers and goats with medium body condition score (BCS) had greater probability (P<0.05) to be infected by the bacteria though there was no difference in exposure to the organism among goats from Arsi, Bale and Hararghe. On the other hand, out of 301 positive cases, 274(91.03%) were caused by M. haemolytica, and 27(8.97%) were caused by P. multocida isolates. Conclusion: Pasteurella organism especially M. hemolytica is one of the most common causes of pneumonic pasteurellosis in caprine at the study area. So, chemoprophylaxis needs to be given to small ruminants prior to transportation or other stress conditions.