Eleocharis parvula - (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schauer
Small Spikerush
Other English Common Names: Dwarf Spikerush
Other Common Names: dwarf spikerush
Taxonomic Status: Accepted
Related ITIS Name(s): Eleocharis parvula (Roemer & J.A. Schultes) Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schauer (TSN 40020)
Unique Identifier: ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.146044
Element Code: PMCYP091G0
Informal Taxonomy: Plants, Vascular - Flowering Plants - Sedge Family
 
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus
Plantae Anthophyta Monocotyledoneae Cyperales Cyperaceae Eleocharis
Check this box to expand all report sections:
Concept Reference
Help
Concept Reference: Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.
Concept Reference Code: B94KAR01HQUS
Name Used in Concept Reference: Eleocharis parvula
Conservation Status
Help

NatureServe Status

Global Status: G5
Global Status Last Reviewed: 24Apr1984
Global Status Last Changed: 24Apr1984
Rounded Global Status: G5 - Secure
Nation: United States
National Status: N3N5
Nation: Canada
National Status: N3N5 (04Feb1998)

U.S. & Canada State/Province Status
United States Alabama (SNR), Arizona (SNR), Arkansas (SNR), California (S3.3), Colorado (SNR), Connecticut (SNR), Delaware (S4), Florida (SNR), Georgia (S3?), Idaho (SNR), Illinois (SNA), Iowa (SH), Kansas (SNR), Louisiana (SNR), Maine (SNR), Maryland (SNR), Massachusetts (SNR), Michigan (S1), Mississippi (S3S4), Missouri (SNR), New Hampshire (S2), New Jersey (S4), New Mexico (SNR), New York (S4?), North Carolina (S1), North Dakota (S1S2), Ohio (S1), Oklahoma (SNR), Oregon (S4), Pennsylvania (S1), Rhode Island (SNR), South Carolina (SNR), South Dakota (SNR), Tennessee (SNR), Texas (SNR), Utah (SNR), Virginia (S5), Washington (SNR), Wisconsin (SNR), Wyoming (S1)
Canada British Columbia (S2S3), Labrador (SNR), New Brunswick (S4), Newfoundland Island (S3S5), Nova Scotia (S4), Ontario (S1), Prince Edward Island (S2S3), Quebec (S3), Saskatchewan (S1)

Other Statuses

NatureServe Global Conservation Status Factors

Range Extent Comments: AZ, CA, CT, FL, IA, ID, IL, KS, LA, MA, ME, MI, MN, MO, NC, ND, NH, NM, NY, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TX, WY. BRITISH COLOMBIA, NEWFOUNDLAND, QUEBEC, SASK.

Other NatureServe Conservation Status Information

Distribution
Help
Global Range: AZ, CA, CT, FL, IA, ID, IL, KS, LA, MA, ME, MI, MN, MO, NC, ND, NH, NM, NY, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TX, WY. BRITISH COLOMBIA, NEWFOUNDLAND, QUEBEC, SASK.

U.S. States and Canadian Provinces
Color legend for Distribution Map

U.S. & Canada State/Province Distribution
United States AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, IA, ID, ILexotic, KS, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MO, MS, NC, ND, NH, NJ, NM, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VA, WA, WI, WY
Canada BC, LB, NB, NF, NS, ON, PE, QC, SK

Range Map
No map available.


U.S. Distribution by County Help
State County Name (FIPS Code)
IA Clay (19041)*, Palo Alto (19147)*
MI Clinton (26037), Ionia (26067)*
MO Barton (29011)*, Cooper (29053), Jasper (29097), Ralls (29173)*, Saline (29195)
NC Brunswick (37019), Carteret (37031), Dare (37055), Hyde (37095), Onslow (37133), Tyrrell (37177)
ND Nelson (38063)*, Sargent (38081)
NH Hillsborough (33011)*, Merrimack (33013)*, Rockingham (33015), Strafford (33017)
OH Lake (39085)
OR Tillamook (41057)*
PA Bucks (42017), Delaware (42045), Erie (42049), Philadelphia (42101)
WY Carbon (56007), Goshen (56015)
* Extirpated/possibly extirpated
U.S. Distribution by Watershed Help
Watershed Region Help Watershed Name (Watershed Code)
01 Piscataqua-Salmon Falls (01060003)+, Merrimack (01070006)+*
02 Crosswicks-Neshaminy (02040201)+, Lower Delaware (02040202)+
03 Albemarle (03010205)+, Pamlico (03020104)+, Pamlico Sound (03020105)+, Lower Neuse (03020204)+, New River (03020302)+, Lower Cape Fear (03030005)+
04 Maple (04050005)+, Ashtabula-Chagrin (04110003)+, Lake Erie (04120200)+
07 Upper Des Moines (07100002)+*, Salt (07110007)+*
09 Goose (09020109)+*, Turtle (09020307)+*
10 Upper James (10160003)+, Pathfinder-Seminoe Reservoirs (10180003)+, Horse (10180012)+, Little Sioux (10230003)+*, Marmaton (10290104)+*, Lamine (10300103)+, Blackwater (10300104)+
11 Spring (11070207)+
17 Wilson-Trusk-Nestuccu (17100203)+*
+ Natural heritage record(s) exist for this watershed
* Extirpated/possibly extirpated
Ecology & Life History
Help
Basic Description: A tufted spike rush with slender stems, ovoid somewhat flattened spikes, and triangular achenes.
Technical Description: Roots: fibrous often with minute tuberous stolons (tubers brownish up to 6 mm long). Culms: capillary, 2-7 cm tall, greenish or brownish, terete, often spongy and translucent. Upper sheath; membranous, inconspicuous. Spikelets: ovoid, somewhat flattened, acute, 2.0-3.5 mm long, 2-7 flowered. Scales: ovate, acute, scarcely keeled, 1.5-2.5 mm long, pale brown to green, striate and chartaceous, the lowest empty, half the length of the spikelet. Stamens: 3. Style: trifid. Achenes: trigonous with prominent angles, oblongoid, smooth and shining, 1.0-1.5 mm long (including the stylar base), lightly striate-reticulate under high magnification. Bristles: shorter than to barely exceeding the achene or wanting, stramineous. (Rudimentary in var. anachaeta which sometimes has blunter angles and a more reticulate surface).
Diagnostic Characteristics: Tubercle confluent with the achene as a stylar beak, not forming distinct apical cap. Scales 1.5-2.5 mm long. Achenes 0.9-1.3 mm long.
Duration: PERENNIAL
Ecology Comments: Prefers saline soils rarely growing in fresh water marshes.
Estuarine Habitat(s): Herbaceous wetland, Tidal flat/shore
Lacustrine Habitat(s): Shallow water
Habitat Comments: Brackish wetlands of intertidal zones, rare and local inland.
Economic Attributes Not yet assessed
Help
Management Summary Not yet assessed
Help
Population/Occurrence Delineation Not yet assessed
Help
Population/Occurrence Viability
Help
Justification: Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008).
The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method.
Key for Ranking Species Element Occurrences Using the Generic Approach (2008).
U.S. Invasive Species Impact Rank (I-Rank) Not yet assessed
Help
Authors/Contributors
Help
Element Ecology & Life History Edition Date: 31Jan1992
Element Ecology & Life History Author(s): ISAAC, J.

Botanical data developed by NatureServe and its network of natural heritage programs (see Local Programs), The North Carolina Botanical Garden, and other contributors and cooperators (see Sources).

References
Help
  • Britton, N. L. and A. B. Brown. 1913. An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada, and the British Possessions. 2nd Edition in 3 Volumes. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. B13BRI01PAUS.

  • Correll, D.S., and M.C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. Texas Research Foundation, Renner. 1881 pp.

  • Dorn, R. D. 2001. Vascular Plants of Wyoming, third edition. Mountain West Publishing, Cheyenne, WY.

  • Fassett, Norman C. 1940. A Manual of Aquatic Plants, 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. B57FAS01PAUS.

  • Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. 8th edition. Corrected printing (1970). D. Van Nostrand Company, New York. 1632 pp.

  • Fernald, M.L. 1949. Gray's Manual of Botany, Eighth edition. American Book Co. New York. B49FER01PAUS

  • Gilly, C.L. 1941. The Status of Eleocharis parvula var. anachaeta (Torr) Svenson in American Midland Naturalist 26:65-68. A41GIL01PAUS.

  • Gilly, C.L. 1944. Notes on Geographical Distribution, I - Eleocharis parvula (R. & S.) Link in American Midland Naturalist 31 (2): 499-500. A44GIL01PAUS.

  • Gleason, H.A. & Cronquist, A. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Second Edition. The New York Botanical Garden. Bronx, NY 10458. U.S.A. B91GLE01PAUS.

  • Gleason, H.A., and A. Cronquist. 1963. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. D. Van Nostrand Company, New York, NY. 810 pp.

  • Godfrey, R.K., Wooten, J.W. 1979. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern United States: Monocotyledons. Athens: University of Georgia Press. B79GOD01PAUS.

  • Hinds, H.R. 1986. Flora of New Brunswick. Primrose Press, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. 460 pp. and appendices.

  • Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 2nd edition. 2 vols. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

  • Meades, S.J. & Hay, S.G; Brouillet, L. 2000. Annotated Checklist of Vascular Plants of Newfoundland and Labrador. Memorial University Botanical Gardens, St John's NF. 237pp.

  • Mohlenbrock, R.H. 1976. The Illustrated Flora of Illinois, Sedges cyperus to scleria. Southern Illinois University Press. Carbondale Ill. B76MOH01PAUS.

  • Radford, A.E., Ahles, H.E., and Bell, C.R. 1978. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. The Univ. of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. B78RAD01PAUS.

  • Roland, A.E., and E.C. Smith. 1983. The flora of Nova Scotia: Volumes 1 and 2. Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, NS, Canada. 746 pp.

  • Scoggan, H.J. 1978-1979. The flora of Canada: Parts 1-4. National Museums Canada, Ottawa. 1711 pp.

  • Svenson, H.K. 1957. Vol. 18 (part 9): 508-509 in North American Flora. A57SVE01PAUS.
Use Guidelines & Citation

Use Guidelines and Citation

The Small Print: Trademark, Copyright, Citation Guidelines, Restrictions on Use, and Information Disclaimer.

Note: All species and ecological community data presented in NatureServe Explorer at http://explorer.natureserve.org were updated to be current with NatureServe's central databases as of February 2015.
Note: This report was printed on

Trademark Notice: "NatureServe", NatureServe Explorer, The NatureServe logo, and all other names of NatureServe programs referenced herein are trademarks of NatureServe. Any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners.

Copyright Notice: Copyright © 2015 NatureServe, 4600 N. Fairfax Dr., 7th Floor, Arlington Virginia 22203, U.S.A. All Rights Reserved. Each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document. The following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site.

Citation for data on website including State Distribution, Watershed, and Reptile Range maps:
NatureServe. 2015. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available http://explorer.natureserve.org. (Accessed:

Citation for Bird Range Maps of North America:
Ridgely, R.S., T.F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D.K. McNicol, D.W. Mehlman, B.E. Young, and J.R. Zook. 2003. Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 1.0. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA.

Acknowledgement Statement for Bird Range Maps of North America:
"Data provided by NatureServe in collaboration with Robert Ridgely, James Zook, The Nature Conservancy - Migratory Bird Program, Conservation International - CABS, World Wildlife Fund - US, and Environment Canada - WILDSPACE."

Citation for Mammal Range Maps of North America:
Patterson, B.D., G. Ceballos, W. Sechrest, M.F. Tognelli, T. Brooks, L. Luna, P. Ortega, I. Salazar, and B.E. Young. 2003. Digital Distribution Maps of the Mammals of the Western Hemisphere, version 1.0. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA.

Acknowledgement Statement for Mammal Range Maps of North America:
"Data provided by NatureServe in collaboration with Bruce Patterson, Wes Sechrest, Marcelo Tognelli, Gerardo Ceballos, The Nature Conservancy-Migratory Bird Program, Conservation International-CABS, World Wildlife Fund-US, and Environment Canada-WILDSPACE."

Citation for Amphibian Range Maps of the Western Hemisphere:
IUCN, Conservation International, and NatureServe. 2004. Global Amphibian Assessment. IUCN, Conservation International, and NatureServe, Washington, DC and Arlington, Virginia, USA.

Acknowledgement Statement for Amphibian Range Maps of the Western Hemisphere:
"Data developed as part of the Global Amphibian Assessment and provided by IUCN-World Conservation Union, Conservation International and NatureServe."

NOTE: Full metadata for the Bird Range Maps of North America is available at:
http://www.natureserve.org/library/birdDistributionmapsmetadatav1.pdf.

Full metadata for the Mammal Range Maps of North America is available at:
http://www.natureserve.org/library/mammalsDistributionmetadatav1.pdf.

Restrictions on Use: Permission to use, copy and distribute documents delivered from this server is hereby granted under the following conditions:
  1. The above copyright notice must appear in all copies;
  2. Any use of the documents available from this server must be for informational purposes only and in no instance for commercial purposes;
  3. Some data may be downloaded to files and altered in format for analytical purposes, however the data should still be referenced using the citation above;
  4. No graphics available from this server can be used, copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text. Any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by NatureServe. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication, estoppel, or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of NatureServe. No trademark owned by NatureServe may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from NatureServe. Except as expressly provided above, nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any NatureServe copyright.
Information Warranty Disclaimer: All documents and related graphics provided by this server and any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server are provided "as is" without warranty as to the currentness, completeness, or accuracy of any specific data. NatureServe hereby disclaims all warranties and conditions with regard to any documents provided by this server or any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server, including but not limited to all implied warranties and conditions of merchantibility, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement. NatureServe makes no representations about the suitability of the information delivered from this server or any other documents that are referenced to or linked to this server. In no event shall NatureServe be liable for any special, indirect, incidental, consequential damages, or for damages of any kind arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information contained in any documents provided by this server or in any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server, under any theory of liability used. NatureServe may update or make changes to the documents provided by this server at any time without notice; however, NatureServe makes no commitment to update the information contained herein. Since the data in the central databases are continually being updated, it is advisable to refresh data retrieved at least once a year after its receipt. The data provided is for planning, assessment, and informational purposes. Site specific projects or activities should be reviewed for potential environmental impacts with appropriate regulatory agencies. If ground-disturbing activities are proposed on a site, the appropriate state natural heritage program(s) or conservation data center can be contacted for a site-specific review of the project area (see Visit Local Programs).

Feedback Request: NatureServe encourages users to let us know of any errors or significant omissions that you find in the data through (see Contact Us). Your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users.