1.
Gibraltar
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Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. It has an area of 6.7 km2 and shares its border with Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the landmark of the region. At its foot is a populated city area, home to over 30,000 Gibraltarians. An Anglo-Dutch force captured Gibraltar from Spain in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession on behalf of the Habsburg claim to the Spanish throne, the territory was subsequently ceded to Great Britain in perpetuity under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. Today Gibraltars economy is based largely on tourism, online gambling, financial services, the sovereignty of Gibraltar is a major point of contention in Anglo-Spanish relations as Spain asserts a claim to the territory. Gibraltarians overwhelmingly rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a 1967 referendum, under the Gibraltar constitution of 2006, Gibraltar governs its own affairs, though some powers, such as defence and foreign relations, remain the responsibility of the British government. The name Gibraltar is the Spanish derivation of the Arabic name Jabal Ṭāriq, earlier, it was known as Mons Calpe, a name of Phoenician origin and one of the Pillars of Hercules. The pronunciation of the name in modern Spanish is, evidence of Neanderthal habitation in Gibraltar between 28,000 and 24,000 BP has been discovered at Gorhams Cave, making Gibraltar possibly the last known holdout of the Neanderthals. Within recorded history, the first inhabitants were the Phoenicians, around 950 BC, subsequently, Gibraltar became known as one of the Pillars of Hercules, after the Greek legend of the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar by Heracles. The Carthaginians and Romans also established semi-permanent settlements, after the collapse of the Roman Empire, Gibraltar came briefly under the control of the Vandals. The area later formed part of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania from 414 AD until the Islamic conquest of Iberia in 711 AD, in 1160, the Almohad Sultan Abd al-Mumin ordered that a permanent settlement, including a castle, be built. It received the name of Medinat al-Fath, on completion of the works in the town, the Sultan crossed the Strait to look at the works and stayed in Gibraltar for two months. The Tower of Homage of the Moorish Castle remains standing today, from 1274 onwards, the town was fought over and captured by the Nasrids of Granada, the Marinids of Morocco and the kings of Castile. In 1462, Gibraltar was finally captured by Juan Alonso de Guzmán, after the conquest, King Henry IV of Castile assumed the additional title of King of Gibraltar, establishing it as part of the comarca of the Campo Llano de Gibraltar. In 1501, Gibraltar passed back to the Spanish Crown, the occupation of the town by Alliance forces caused the exodus of the population to the surrounding area of the Campo de Gibraltar. As the Alliances campaign faltered, the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht was negotiated and ceded control of Gibraltar to Britain to secure Britains withdrawal from the war. Unsuccessful attempts by Spanish monarchs to regain Gibraltar were made with the siege of 1727 and again with the Great Siege of Gibraltar, during the American War of Independence
Gibraltar
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View of the northern face of the Moorish Castle 's Tower of Homage. Built in the 14th century, it is the only Marinid construction outside Africa.
Gibraltar
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Flag
Gibraltar
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The last of Gibraltar, by Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau.
Gibraltar
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John Mackintosh Square entrance to the Gibraltar Parliament.
2.
Europa Point
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Europa Point, is the southernmost point of Gibraltar. At the end of the Rock of Gibraltar, the area is flat and occupied by such features as a playing field and it is accessed from the old town by Europa Road. There are five buildings, Hardings Battery, the Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque, the Roman Catholic Shrine of Our Lady of Europe, the Europa Point Lighthouse. Europa Point is also the location of Gibraltars only dedicated cricket oval where the Gibraltar national cricket team play, Europa Point is linked with the Eastern side of the Rock, including Sandy Bay and Catalan Bay, via Dudley Ward Tunnel. The tunnel re-opened in 2010 after eight years following a fatal rockfall. The Government of Gibraltar spent £4.4 million on refurbishing Europa Point in 2011, Europa has been the site of Spanish and Moorish fortifications as well as those constructed by the British which added to the cliffs which were part of Gibraltars natural defences. Additions included walls, the scarping of the rocks to remove foot and handholds, today, Hardings Battery is central to the land at the end of the point. Built in the 19th century, this shows the scale of guns that could fire 800 pound projectiles over a foot in diameter over to the other side of the Straits of Gibraltar. The Europa Sunken Magazine that contained this ammunition is now a visitor centre, the Europa Point Lighthouse was built by Governor Sir Alexander Woodford between 1838 and 1841. It was fully automated in February 1994 and its loom can be seen over a distance of 27 km and it is the southernmost lighthouse for which Trinity House is responsible, and the only one outside the UK. Gibraltarians refer to it as la farola when conversing in Llanito, the Gibraltar Amateur Radio operators transmit from the area of the lighthouse. The mosque, also known as the King Fahd bin Abdulaziz al-Saud Mosque or the Mosque of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, is a located at Europa Point. The building was a gift from King Fahd of Saudi Arabia and it was officially inaugurated on 8 August 1997. The mosque complex contains a school, library, and lecture hall. It is the only mosque in Gibraltar to serve the Muslims in the territory who number over 2,000. On 20 August 1462, on St. Bernard of Clairvauxs feastday and they built a large chapel at right angles to the mosques east wall and the whole area became the Shrine of Our Lady of Europe. A statue of the Virgin and Child was installed in this shrine, the statue was quite small, only.6 m in height, carved in wood and polychromed in royal red, blue and gold. The Virgin was seated in a chair, with the Child Jesus on her lap
Europa Point
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Europa Point as seen from the Strait of Gibraltar.
Europa Point
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Europa Sunken Magazine today
Europa Point
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Europa Point Lighthouse
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View of the Southern Face of the Mosque.
3.
Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II
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The Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II was a multinational celebration throughout 2012, that marked the 60th anniversary of the accession of Queen Elizabeth II on 6 February 1952. Queen Elizabeth is queen regnant of 16 sovereign states, known as Commonwealth realms, the only other time in British history that a monarch celebrated a Diamond Jubilee was in 1897, when Queen Victoria celebrated hers. Commemorative events were held throughout the Commonwealth of Nations, unlike the Queens Silver and Golden Jubilees, when the Queen toured most of her realms around the world, Elizabeth II and her husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, toured only the United Kingdom. Other parts of the Commonwealth were toured by her children and grandchildren as her representatives, the Canadian government announced in April that former prime minister Jean Chrétien would be Canadas representative to the organisation. The Queen attended the final night, on 18 May, the Queen hosted an informal lunch at Windsor Castle for more than twenty current or former monarchs from other countries. In the evening of the day, the Prince of Wales. Criticism was directed at the presence of the King of Bahrain at the lunch, in London, protesters against the King assembled outside Buckingham Palace during the dinner, although he did not attend that event. Google displayed a Google Doodle for the Diamond Jubilee on 2 June, featuring the Queens profile, corgis, heavy rain started during the event and the commemorative airforce flyover at the end was cancelled due to very low cloud base and bad visibility at ground level. Along with almost all members of the Royal Family, various governors-general from the Commonwealth realms other than the UK were in attendance, Pauls Cathedral, also attended by 2,000 other guests. Will Todd’s anthem The Call of Wisdom, commissioned specially for this event, was performed by the Diamond Choir, another reception was held at Londons Guildhall and a luncheon took place at Lancaster House, hosted by the British Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs. A reception solely for governors-general was held by the Queen at Buckingham Palace, the lighting of thousands of beacons across the Commonwealth took place on 4 June. The number of beacons was originally set at 2,012, by the date for registrations. The first beacon of the Jubilee was lit on the grounds of Apifoou College in Nukuʻalofa, Tonga, by Tongan girl and Boy Scouts using coconut sheath torches. Other nations, including Kenya, Australia, New Zealand, India, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, the worlds most remote beacon was lit in Tristan da Cunha in the south Atlantic, using invasive, non-native plants to fuel the fire. In the United Kingdom, British servicemen and women wounded in battle, one beacon was lit at Treetops Hotel in Aberdare National Park in Kenya, where the Queen was at the moment of her accession to the throne. The Queen lit the beacon outside Buckingham Palace at 10,30 pm, by inserting a large, specially made, the lighting proceeded until the final beacon was lit in Canada eight hours later. The Queens husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, was hospitalised with an infection on 4 June. Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, stated after visiting his father that the latter was watching the celebrations on television, the Queen visited the Duke the following day
Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II
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Left to right, atop barge: (grouped at left) Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh; Prince William, Duke of Cambridge; Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge; Prince Harry; Queen Elizabeth II; (grouped at right) Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall; Charles, Prince of Wales, aboard the MV Spirit of Chartwell during the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant on 3 June 2012
Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II
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Queen Elizabeth II in her coronation regalia, 2 June 1953 This file is a candidate for speedy deletion. It may be deleted after Monday, 16 November 2015.
Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II
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Queen Elizabeth II arriving at St Paul's Cathedral for the service of thanksgiving on 5 June 2012
Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II
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The Parliament of Barbados, where the Earl of Wessex read to a joint sitting of the legislature a message from Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados, on 23 February 2012, to mark the Queen's diamond jubilee
4.
British Overseas Territory
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The 14 British Overseas Territories are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom. They are the parts of the British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories. These territories do not form part of the United Kingdom and, with the exception of Gibraltar, are not part of the European Union, though the Cyprus SBAs are subject to EU law and use the Euro. Most of the territories are internally self-governing, with the UK retaining responsibility for defence. The rest are either uninhabited or have a population of military or scientific personnel. They share the British monarch as head of state, the term British Overseas Territory was introduced by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002, replacing the term British Dependent Territory, introduced by the British Nationality Act 1981. Prior to 1 January 1983, the territories were referred to as British Crown Colonies. With the exceptions of the British Antarctic Territory and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands and the British Indian Ocean Territory, the Territories retain permanent civilian populations. Permanent residency for the 7,000 or so living in the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri. Collectively, the Territories encompass a population of about 250,000 people, the vast majority of this,660,000 square miles, constitutes the British Antarctic Territory. The current minister responsible for the Territories excluding the Falkland Islands, Gibraltar and the Sovereign Base Areas is Baroness Anelay, Minister of State for the Commonwealth, the other three territories are the responsibility of Sir Alan Duncan MP, Minister of State for Europe and the Americas. The first, unofficial, colony was Newfoundland, where English fishermen routinely set up camps in the 16th century. It is now a province of Canada known as Newfoundland and Labrador and it retains strong cultural ties with Britain. English colonisation of North America began officially in 1607 with the settlement of Jamestown, st. Georges town, founded in Bermuda in that year, remains the oldest continuously inhabited British settlement in the New World. Bermuda and Bermudians have played important, sometimes pivotal, but generally underestimated or unacknowledged roles in the shaping of the English and British trans-Atlantic Empires. These include maritime commerce, settlement of the continent and of the West Indies, separate self-governing colonies federated to become Canada, Australia, South Africa, and Rhodesia. These and other large self-governing colonies had become known as Dominions by the 1920s, the Dominions achieved almost full independence with the Statute of Westminster. Through a process of following the Second World War, most of the British colonies in Africa, Asia
British Overseas Territory
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Flag
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Tristan da Cunha on 6 February 2013, as seen from space. The population was temporarily evacuated to the UK in 1961 because of an eruption. Postal code TDCU 1ZZ
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Coastline at Little Bay, the site of the new capital of Montserrat replacing Plymouth. The project is funded by the UK's Department for International Development.
5.
Ocean Village Marina, Gibraltar
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The Ocean Village Marina is one of three marinas in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. Formerly Sheppards Marina, it is located in the Bay of Gibraltar, both Ocean Village Marina and the adjacent Marina Bay have been incorporated into the Ocean Village Project, a luxury resort. Ocean Village Marina and the adjacent Marina Bay together have 330 berths, the marina can accommodate vessels up to 90 metres to 100 metres in length. There are three towers with blue glass balconies overlooking the marina, Grand Ocean Plaza, Imperial Plaza. On 4 June 2012, Ocean Village Marina hosted 161 vessels which formed the Gibraltar Diamond Jubilee Flotilla, Gibraltar has three marinas, Marina Bay, Ocean Village Marina, and Queensway Quay Marina. Ocean Village Marina is located on Gibraltars Westside, outside the end of Gibraltar Harbour, in the Bay of Gibraltar. It is adjacent to Marina Bay which is just to its north, the marina forms part of the Ocean Village Project or Ocean Village Marina Complex, often referred to as just Ocean Village. Ocean Village Marina is the former Sheppards Marina or Sheppards Yard, both Marina Bay and Ocean Village Marina have been incorporated into Ocean Village, between the North Mole and the airport runway. The strategic location of the marina offers protection from moisture-laden Levanter winds, Ocean Village Marina was formerly Sheppards Marina, owned by H. Sheppard & Co. By 2004, the marina had been sold to Ocean Village Investments Ltd, the marina retained its original name, at least informally, for several years after the sale. The sale of Sheppards Marina was not without controversy, as residents of the marina were eventually evicted from their berths by the new owners. After Ocean Village Investments acquired the adjacent Marina Bay in 2006, on 4 June 2012, the Ocean Village Marina hosted 161 vessels which formed the Gibraltar Diamond Jubilee Flotilla, celebrating sixty years of the Queens reign. The flotilla took place one day after an event in London up the Thames. The festivities started officially with greetings from Gregory Butcher, founder of Ocean Village, the Gibraltar Port Authority addressed those assembled on the topic of safety, and made recommendations regarding precautions which ranged from sunscreen to the distance between vessels. The flotilla departed from the marina at midday, sailing from the side of the runway, passing Europa Point. Boats up to 70 metres participated in the flotilla, small boats led the flotilla, followed by power boats over 9 metres, and, finally, sailing vessels. The General Elliot, a Gibraltar Port Authority vessel, was at the head of the flotilla, Ocean Village Marina and the adjacent Marina Bay together have 330 berths, with a draft of 4.5 metres. The marina can accommodate vessels up to 90 metres to 100 metres in length, the marina now offers premier berths, the majority of which are between 18 metres and 25 metres, although the largest can accommodate vessels up to 80 metres in length
Ocean Village Marina, Gibraltar
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Ocean Village Marina with Rock on right, runway and Marina Bay on far left
Ocean Village Marina, Gibraltar
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Ocean Village Marina, Gibraltar
Ocean Village Marina, Gibraltar
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Residential development on the marina
6.
Spirit of Chartwell
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MV Spirit of Chartwell is a hotel barge owned and operated by Portuguese holiday company Douro Azul for luxury cruises along the Douro river, Porto, Portugal. The ship was sold in June 2012 to Douro Azul to operate cruises in the Douro river. The ship was formerly a Rhine ship known as Vincent van Gogh and she was refitted as a luxury Thames cruise vessel by the Dutch Kooiman Group in 2009/2010. For the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant in 2012 the vessel was decorated in red, gold and purple. A special warrant was issued by the Secretary of State for Defence to permit Spirit of Chartwell to wear the White Ensign whilst serving as the Royal Barge on 3 June 2012. When the Queen was on board, she flew the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom from the bow. List of river cruise ships Official website Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant
Spirit of Chartwell
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History
Spirit of Chartwell
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Decorated for the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant
7.
River Thames
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The River Thames is a river that flows through southern England, most notably through London. At 215 miles, it is the longest river entirely in England and it also flows through Oxford, Reading, Henley-on-Thames and Windsor. The lower reaches of the river are called the Tideway, derived from its tidal reach up to Teddington Lock. It rises at Thames Head in Gloucestershire, and flows into the North Sea via the Thames Estuary, the Thames drains the whole of Greater London. Its tidal section, reaching up to Teddington Lock, includes most of its London stretch and has a rise, in Scotland, the Tay achieves more than double the average discharge from a drainage basin that is 60% smaller. Along its course are 45 navigation locks with accompanying weirs and its catchment area covers a large part of South Eastern and a small part of Western England and the river is fed by 38 named tributaries. The river contains over 80 islands, in 2010, the Thames won the largest environmental award in the world – the $350,000 International Riverprize. The Thames, from Middle English Temese, is derived from the Brittonic Celtic name for the river, Tamesas, recorded in Latin as Tamesis and yielding modern Welsh Tafwys Thames. It has also suggested that it is not of Celtic origin. A place by the river, rather than the river itself, indirect evidence for the antiquity of the name Thames is provided by a Roman potsherd found at Oxford, bearing the inscription Tamesubugus fecit. It is believed that Tamesubugus name was derived from that of the river, tamese was referred to as a place, not a river in the Ravenna Cosmography. The rivers name has always pronounced with a simple t /t/, the Middle English spelling was typically Temese. A similar spelling from 1210, Tamisiam, is found in the Magna Carta, the Thames through Oxford is sometimes called the Isis. Ordnance Survey maps still label the Thames as River Thames or Isis down to Dorchester, richard Coates suggests that while the river was as a whole called the Thames, part of it, where it was too wide to ford, was called *lowonida. An alternative, and simpler proposal, is that London may also be a Germanic word, for merchant seamen, the Thames has long been just the London River. Londoners often refer to it simply as the river in such as south of the river. Thames Valley Police is a body that takes its name from the river. The marks of human activity, in cases dating back to Pre-Roman Britain, are visible at various points along the river
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The Thames in London
River Thames
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A statue of Old Father Thames by Raffaelle Monti at St John's Lock, Lechlade.
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The marker stone at the official source of the River Thames near Kemble.
8.
Tower Bridge
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Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London built in 1886–1894. The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and has become a symbol of London. Tower Bridge is one of five London bridges now owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates and it is the only one of the Trusts bridges not to connect the City of London directly to the Southwark bank, as its northern landfall is in Tower Hamlets. The vertical components of the forces in the sections and the vertical reactions of the two walkways are carried by the two robust towers. The bascule pivots and operating machinery are housed in the base of each tower, before its restoration in the 2010s, the bridges colour scheme dated from 1977, when it was painted red, white and blue for Queen Elizabeth IIs Silver Jubilee. Its colours were restored to blue and white. The nearest National Rail stations are at Fenchurch Street and London Bridge, in the second half of the 19th century, an advertisement in the East End of London led to a hiring for a new river crossing downstream of London Bridge. A Special Bridge or Subway Committee was formed in 1877, chaired by Sir Albert Joseph Altman and it opened the design of the crossing to public competition. Over 50 designs were submitted, including one from civil engineer Sir Joseph Bazalgette, an Act of Parliament was pasesd in 1885 authorising the bridges construction. It specified the opening span must give a clear width of 61 metres, construction had to be in a Gothic style. Barry designed a bridge with two bridge towers built on piers. The central span was split into two equal bascules or leaves, which could be raised to allow traffic to pass. The two side-spans were suspension bridges, with the suspension rods anchored both at the abutments and through rods contained within the bridges upper walkways, E W Crutwell was the resident engineer for the construction. Two massive piers, containing over 70,000 tons of concrete, were sunk into the riverbed to support the construction, over 11,000 tons of steel provided the framework for the towers and walkways. This was then clad in Cornish granite and Portland stone, both to protect the steelwork and to give the bridge a pleasing appearance. Jones died in 1886 and George D. Stevenson took over the project, the total cost of construction was £1,184,000. The bridge was opened on 30 June 1894 by The Prince of Wales. The bridge connected Iron Gate, on the bank of the river, with Horselydown Lane, on the south – now known as Tower Bridge Approach and Tower Bridge Road
Tower Bridge
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Tower Bridge viewed from Shad Thames
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Tower Bridge under construction, 1892
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A Short Sunderland of No. 201 Squadron RAF moored at Tower Bridge during the 1956 commemoration of the Battle of Britain
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Tower Bridge with 2012 Olympic rings
9.
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
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Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, GCVO, CSM, PC, is the second wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, who is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II. Instead of using the title of Princess of Wales, she uses the title Duchess of Cornwall, in Scotland, she is known as the Duchess of Rothesay. Camilla was born into a family as the eldest child of Major Bruce Shand and his wife, the Honourable Rosalind Cubitt. She was raised in East Sussex and South Kensington, and was educated in England, Switzerland, subsequently, she worked for different firms based in central London, most notably the decorating firm Sibyl Colefax & John Fowler. In 1973, Camilla married British Army officer Andrew Parker Bowles, for many years, Camilla was in a relationship with the Prince of Wales before and after their former marriages. The relationship became highly publicised in the media and attracted worldwide scrutiny, as the Duchess of Cornwall, Camilla assists the Prince of Wales on his official duties. She is also the patron, president and a member of numerous charities, since 1994, she has taken action on osteoporosis, which has earned her honours and awards. She has also raised awareness in areas including rape and sexual abuse, literacy and poverty, Camilla Rosemary Shand was born at Kings College Hospital, London, on 17 July 1947 at 7,00 am. She grew up in the Laines, a house located in Plumpton, East Sussex. Her parents were British Army officer turned businessman Major Bruce Shand and his wife, the Hon. Rosalind and she has one younger sister, Annabel Elliot, and had a younger brother, Mark Shand. Her maternal great-grandmother, Alice Keppel, was a mistress of King Edward VII from 1898 to 1910, on 1 November 1947, Camilla was baptised at Firle Church, Sussex. Her godparents were Hon. Henry Cubitt, Major Neil Speke, Mrs Heathcoat-Amory, Mrs Lombard Hobson, Camillas mother worked for an adoption agency, while her father had different business interests after retiring from the army. He was most notably a partner in Block, Grey and Block, during her childhood years, Camilla became an avid reader due to the influence of her father, who read to her frequently. She grew up with dogs and cats, and, at a young age, according to her, childhood was perfect in every way. Biographer Gyles Brandreth describes her background and childhood, Camilla is often described as having had an Enid Blyton sort of Childhood, in fact, it was much grander than that. The Shands had position and they had help—help in the house, help in the garden and they opened their garden for the local Conservative Party Association summer fête. At the age of five, Camilla was sent to Dumbrells and she left Dumbrells aged ten to attend Queens Gate School in Queens Gate, South Kensington. Her classmates at Queens Gate knew her as Milla, her pupils included the singer Twinkle
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
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The Duchess of Cornwall at Hillsborough Castle in April 2014
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
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Signature
Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
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Bolehyde Manor in Allington, Wiltshire
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The Queen, the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall during the Diamond Jubilee celebrations in 2012
10.
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
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Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, KG, KT, PC, ADC is the elder son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales. He is second in line to succeed his grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II, William was educated at four schools in the United Kingdom and obtained a degree from the University of St Andrews. He spent parts of a gap year in Chile, Belize, in December 2006, he completed 44 weeks of training as an officer cadet and was commissioned in the Blues and Royals regiment. In April 2008, he qualified as a pilot by completing training at Royal Air Force College Cranwell. He then underwent helicopter flying training in order to become a pilot with the RAF Search. His service with the British Armed Forces ended in September 2013, William married Catherine Middleton, on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey. Hours before the wedding, he was created Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn, the couples first child, Prince George, was born on 22 July 2013, and their second, Princess Charlotte, was born on 2 May 2015. William, the first child of the Prince and Princess of Wales, was born at St Marys Hospital and his names, William Arthur Philip Louis, were announced by Buckingham Palace a week later on 28 June. He was baptised in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace on 4 August by the Archbishop of Canterbury and he was the first child born to a Prince and Princess of Wales since Prince John in 1905. William was affectionately called Wombat by his parents or Wills, Williams first public appearance was on 1 March 1991, during an official visit of his parents to Cardiff, Wales. After arriving by aeroplane, William was taken to Llandaff Cathedral where he signed the visitors book, on 3 June 1991, William was admitted to Royal Berkshire Hospital after being accidentally hit on the side of the forehead by a fellow student wielding a golf club. He did not lose consciousness, but suffered a fracture of the skull and was operated on at Great Ormond Street Hospital. In a 2009 interview, he dubbed this scar a Harry Potter scar and he was reported to have said, I call it that because it glows sometimes and some people notice it—other times they dont notice it at all. His mother wanted him and his younger brother Harry to have wider experiences than are usual for royal children and she took them to Walt Disney World and McDonalds as well as AIDS clinics and shelters for the homeless. She bought them typical teenage items, such as video games, Diana, who was by then divorced from the Prince of Wales, died in a car accident in the early hours of 31 August 1997. William, then aged 15, along with his brother who was 12, the Prince of Wales waited until his sons woke the following morning to tell them about their mothers death. At his mothers funeral, William accompanied his father, brother, paternal grandfather, William began to accompany his parents on official visits at an early age. William was educated at independent schools, starting at Jane Mynors nursery school, following this, he attended Ludgrove School near Wokingham, Berkshire, and was privately tutored during summers by Rory Stewart
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
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The Duke of Cambridge in Japan in 2015
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
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Chapel of Eton College
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
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St Salvator's Quad, University of St. Andrews
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
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William in his flight lieutenant's uniform in 2010.
11.
Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge
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Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge is the wife of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge. Following his father Charles, Prince of Wales, William is second in line to succeed his grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II, the duchess grew up in Chapel Row, a village near Newbury, Berkshire, England. She studied art history in Scotland at the University of St Andrews and their engagement was announced on 16 November 2010 before they married on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey. The duke and duchess have two children, Prince George and Princess Charlotte of Cambridge, who are third and fourth in line to the British throne. Catherine Elizabeth Middleton was born at Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading on 9 January 1982 to an upper-middle-class family and she was christened at St Andrews Bradfield, Berkshire, on 20 June 1982. The family of her father Michael has ties to British aristocracy and her Middleton relatives were reported as having played host to British royalty as long ago as 1926. She has a sister, Philippa Pippa, and a younger brother. The family lived in Amman, Jordan, from May 1984 to September 1986, her father worked for British Airways, following her return to Berkshire in 1986, she was enrolled aged four at St Andrews School, a private school near the village of Pangbourne in Berkshire. She boarded part-weekly at St Andrews in her later years and she then studied briefly at Downe House. In November 2006, Middleton accepted a position as a buyer with the clothing chain Jigsaw. She also worked until January 2011 at Party Pieces, her role within the business included catalogue design and production, marketing. In 2001, Middleton met Prince William while they were students in residence at St Salvators Hall at the University of St Andrews. The couple began dating in 2003, although their relationship remained unconfirmed, on 17 October 2005, Middleton complained through her lawyer about harassment from the media, stating that she had done nothing significant to warrant publicity. Middleton attended Prince Williams Passing Out Parade at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 15 December 2006, on 17 May 2008, Middleton attended the wedding of Prince Williams cousin Peter Phillips to Autumn Kelly, which the prince did not attend. On 19 July 2008, she was a guest at the wedding of Lady Rose Windsor, Prince William was away on military operations in the Caribbean, serving aboard HMS Iron Duke. In 2010, Middleton pursued an invasion of privacy claim against two agencies and photographer Niraj Tanna, who took photographs of her over Christmas 2009 and she obtained a public apology, £5,000 in damages, and legal costs. In April 2007, Prince William and Middleton split up, the couple decided to break up during a holiday in the Swiss resort of Zermatt. Newspapers speculated about the reasons for the split, although these reports relied on anonymous sources, Middleton and her family attended the Concert for Diana at Wembley Stadium, where she and Prince William sat two rows apart
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The Duchess of Cambridge in 2014
Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge
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The newly married Duke and Duchess of Cambridge on the balcony of Buckingham Palace
Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge
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The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge with their son Prince George of Cambridge the day after his birth
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The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge at the Canada Day celebrations in Ottawa, 1 July 2011
12.
Prince Harry
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Prince Henry of Wales, KCVO, familiarly known as Prince Harry, is the younger son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales. After an education at schools in the United Kingdom and spending parts of his gap year in Australia and Lesotho, Harry chose a military career, undergoing officer training at RMA Sandhurst. He was commissioned as a cornet into the Blues and Royals, serving temporarily with his brother, in 2007–2008, he served for 77 days in Helmand, Afghanistan, but was pulled out following publication of his presence there by an Australian magazine. He returned to Afghanistan for a 20-week deployment in 2012–2013 with the Army Air Corps and he left the army in June 2015. Harry launched the Invictus Games in 2014, and remains patron of its Foundation and he also gives patronage to several other organisations, including the HALO Trust, the London Marathon Charitable Trust, and Walking With The Wounded. Harry was born at St Marys Hospital in Paddington, London, on 15 September 1984 at 4,20 pm and he was baptised on 21 December 1984 at St Georges Chapel, Windsor Castle, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie. His godparents are Prince Andrew, Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones, Carolyn Bartholomew, Bryan Organ, Gerald Ward and Celia, Harry began to accompany his parents on official visits at an early age, his first overseas tour was with his parents to Italy in 1985. Harrys parents divorced in 1996, and his mother died following a car accident in Paris the following year, Harry and William were staying with their father at Balmoral at the time, and the Prince of Wales told his sons about their mothers death. Like his father and brother, Harry was educated at independent schools and he started at Jane Mynors nursery school and the pre-preparatory Wetherby School, both in London. Following this, he attended Ludgrove School, and, after passing the exams, was admitted to Eton College. In June 2003, Harry completed his education at Eton with two A-Levels, having decided to drop history of art after AS level and he excelled in sports, particularly polo and rugby union. Passing two A-levels, Harry was eligible to apply for a commission in the British Army. One of Harrys former teachers, Sarah Forsyth, has assessed that Harry was a weak student, both Eton and Harry denied the claims. While a tribunal made no ruling on the claim, it accepted the prince had received help in preparing his A-level expressive project. After school, Harry took a gap year, during which he spent time in Australia, working on a cattle station and he also travelled to Lesotho, where he worked with orphaned children and produced the documentary film The Forgotten Kingdom. Harry entered the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 8 May 2005, where he was known as Officer Cadet Wales, and joined the Alamein Company. Within a year, in April 2006, Harry completed his training and was commissioned as a Cornet in the Blues and Royals. He was given the service number 564673, on 13 April 2008, when he reached two years seniority, Harry was promoted to lieutenant
Prince Harry
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Prince Harry during the Invictus Games in London, September 2014
Prince Harry
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Chapel of Eton College
Prince Harry
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Officer Cadet Wales (standing to attention next to the horse) on parade at Sandhurst, 21 June 2005
Prince Harry
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Harry (left) talking to an injured soldier at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 15 May 2013
13.
London Philharmonic Orchestra
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The London Philharmonic Orchestra is one of five permanent symphony orchestras based in London. It was founded by the conductors Sir Thomas Beecham and Malcolm Sargent in 1932 as a rival to the existing London Symphony, the founders ambition was to build an orchestra the equal of any European or American rival. Between 1932 and the Second World War the LPO was widely judged to have succeeded in this regard, after the outbreak of war the orchestras private backers withdrew and the players reconstituted the LPO as a self-governing cooperative. By the 1960s the LPO had regained its earlier standards, in 1993 it was appointed resident orchestra of the Royal Festival Hall on the south bank of the Thames, one of Londons major concert venues. Since 1995 the residency has been held with the Philharmonia. In addition to its work at the Festival Hall and Glyndebourne, the LPO performs regularly at the Congress Theatre, Eastbourne and the Brighton Dome, and tours nationally and internationally. Since Beecham, the orchestra has had ten principal conductors, including Sir Adrian Boult, Bernard Haitink, Sir Georg Solti, Klaus Tennstedt and Vladimir Jurowski. The orchestra has been active in recording studios since its earliest days, since 2005 the LPO has had its own record label, issuing live recordings of concerts. The orchestra has played on film soundtracks, including Lawrence of Arabia. In the 1920s the London Symphony Orchestra was the citys best-known concert, others were the Royal Albert Hall Orchestra, the orchestra of the Royal Philharmonic Society, the BBCs Wireless Symphony Orchestra and Sir Henry Woods Queens Hall Orchestra. All except the last of these were ad hoc ensembles, with little continuity of personnel. This became obvious in 1927 when the Berlin Philharmonic, under Wilhelm Furtwängler, the chief music critic of The Times later commented, the British public. Was electrified when it heard the disciplined precision of the Berlin Philharmonic and this apparently was how an orchestra could, and, therefore, ought to sound. In 1928 they opened discussions about jointly setting up such an ensemble, but after 18 months of negotiations it became clear that the corporation and the conductor had irreconcilable priorities. The BBC went ahead without him, and under its director of music, Adrian Boult, launched the BBC Symphony Orchestra in October 1930, to immense acclaim. Originally Sargent and Beecham envisaged a version of the LSO, but the orchestra. In 1932 Beecham lost patience and agreed with Sargent to set up a new orchestra from scratch, the BBC having attracted a large number of the finest musicians from other orchestras, many in the musical world doubted that Beecham could find enough good players. He was fortunate in the timing of the enterprise, the economy had severely reduced the number of freelance dates available to orchestral players
London Philharmonic Orchestra
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The Royal Festival Hall, London, the main base of the orchestra
London Philharmonic Orchestra
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Sir Thomas Beecham, founding father and first conductor of the LPO
London Philharmonic Orchestra
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Programme of the first LPO concert (modern reconstruction of unavailable original)
London Philharmonic Orchestra
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Queen's Hall, destroyed, with many LPO instruments, by bombing in 1941
14.
Diamond Jubilee
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A diamond jubilee is a celebration held to mark a 60th anniversary. The Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II was celebrated across the Commonwealth of Nations throughout 2012, george III of the United Kingdom died a few months before his diamond jubilee was due in 1820. In East Asia, the diamond jubilee coincides with the traditional sexagenary cycle. National governments also mark their sixtieth anniversary as diamond jubilees, as did the Republic of Korea in 2005, in South Asia, the term is also used for certain 100-week anniversaries. For instance, in both India and Pakistan, a diamond jubilee film is one shown in cinemas for 100 weeks or more, the longest reigning monarch in history, Sobhuza II of Swaziland, celebrated his diamond jubilee in 1981, dating from when he gained direct rule. Silver jubilee Ruby jubilee Golden jubilee Sapphire jubilee Platinum jubilee Wedding anniversary#Celebration and gifts Hierarchy of precious substances
Diamond Jubilee
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Diamond Jubilee window at the College of Engineering, Pune, India
Diamond Jubilee
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The Tolsey clock commemorates the Diamond Jubilee (60 years) of Queen Victoria 's reign. The clock says "1837 - 1897". It lies between Market Street and High Street in Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire, England.
15.
Governor of Gibraltar
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The Governor of Gibraltar is the representative of the British monarch in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British Government, the governor serves as commander-in-chief of Gibraltars military forces and has sole responsibility for defence and security. The governor has their own flag in Gibraltar, the Union Flag defaced with the coat of arms. However, at their residence, the Union flag and the flag of Gibraltar are also flown. The Convent Chief Minister of Gibraltar Governors of Gibraltar at the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
Governor of Gibraltar
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Incumbent Alison MacMillan
Governor of Gibraltar
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Standard of the Governor
Governor of Gibraltar
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4 August 1704 to 6 August 1704
Governor of Gibraltar
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24 December 1707 to 24 January 1711
16.
Gibraltar International Airport
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Gibraltar International Airport or North Front Airport is the civilian airport that serves the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. The runway is owned by the Ministry of Defence for use by the Royal Air Force as RAF Gibraltar, civilian operators use the civilian-operated terminal. National Air Traffic Services hold the contract for provision of air services at the airport. In 2015, the airport handled 444,336 passengers and 408,757 kg of cargo on 4,100 total flights, Winston Churchill Avenue intersects the airport runway, and consequently has to be closed every time a plane lands or departs. The History Channel programme Most Extreme Airports ranked the airport the fifth most extreme airport in the world and it is exposed to strong cross winds around the rock and across the Bay of Algeciras, making landings in winter particularly uncomfortable. Monarch Airlines is the largest operator at Gibraltar International, operating flights to Birmingham, London Gatwick, London Luton, both routes are operated by an Airbus A320-200. EasyJet operates seven weekly flights to London Gatwick operated by Airbus A320 family aircraft, British Airways also operates nine weekly flights to London Heathrow being operated by an Airbus A320-200. Royal Air Maroc Express also operate weekly flights to Tangier Ibn Battouta Airport. Although located in Gibraltar, the airport is used by people travelling to or from neighbouring parts of southern Spain such as the Costa del Sol or the Campo de Gibraltar. Spain also claims that this territory was occupied step by step by England during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to its current limit. In the spring of 1815, Spain claims an epidemic of fever struck Gibraltar. In 1908 the British government erected a fence that forms the actual border, Spain claims of the original 156 hectares of neutral ground, England annexed 106. In this location Gibraltar Airport was built, the airport was constructed during World War II upon the territorys race course, when Gibraltar was an important naval base for the British. Originally opened in 1939, it was only an emergency airfield for the Royal Navys Fleet Air Arm, however, the runway was later extended by reclaiming some land from the Bay of Gibraltar using rock blasted from the Rock of Gibraltar while carrying out works on military tunnels. This last major extension of the runway allowed aircraft to land at Gibraltar. Spains continuing sovereignty dispute with the United Kingdom over the territory where the stands has seriously affected the airports operations. On 2 December 1987, an agreement was signed between the governments of the United Kingdom and Spain to allow the joint civil use of the airport. The agreement foresaw the building of a new terminal in the neighbouring Spanish municipality of La Línea de la Concepción adjacent to the side of the existing frontier
Gibraltar International Airport
Gibraltar International Airport
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A bulldozer and steamroller being used during the construction of a new aerodrome on Gibraltar, November 1941
Gibraltar International Airport
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United States Army Air Forces men in a Spitfire at Gibraltar Airport observing the performance of another one in flight (1942)
Gibraltar International Airport
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Panoramic photograph of Gibraltar International Airport, with time-lapse showing an aircraft take-off.
17.
Union Flag
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The Union Jack, or Union Flag, is the national flag of the United Kingdom. Further, it is used as a flag in some of the smaller British overseas territories. The Union Jack also appears in the canton of the flags of several nations, the claim that the term Union Jack properly refers only to naval usage has been disputed, following historical investigations by the Flag Institute in 2013. The origins of the flag of Great Britain date back to 1606. King James also began to refer to a Kingdom of Great Britaine, the present design of the Union Flag dates from a Royal proclamation following the union of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801. Notably, the country of Wales is not represented separately in the Union Jack, being only indirectly represented through the cross of St George. The terms Union Jack and Union Flag are both historically correct for describing the de facto flag of the United Kingdom. Whether the term Union Jack applies only when used as a flag on a ship is a modern matter of debate. According to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, Until the early 17th century England and Scotland were two independent kingdoms. This changed dramatically in 1603 on the death of Elizabeth I of England, because the Queen died unmarried and childless, the English crown passed to the next available heir, her cousin James VI, King of Scotland. England and Scotland now shared the same monarch under what was known as a union of the crowns, in 1606, James VI gave orders for a British flag to be created which bore the combined crosses of St. George and of St. Andrew. The result was the Union Jack, Jack being a shortening of Jacobus, the institute also notes, it is often stated that the Union Flag should only be described as the Union Jack when flown in the bows of a warship, but this is a relatively recent idea. In 1908, a government minister stated, in response to a parliamentary question, notwithstanding Their Lordships circular of 1902, by 1913 the Admiralty described the Union Flag and added in a foot note that A Jack is a Flag to be flown only on the Jack Staff. However, the authoritative A Complete Guide to Heraldry published in 1909 by Arthur Charles Fox-Davies uses the term Union Jack, the term Union Flag is used in King Charles Is 1634 proclamation. Andrew and St. Patrick Quarterly per Saltire, counterchanged Argent and Gules, when the first flag representing Britain was introduced on the proclamation of King James I in 1606, it became known simply as the British flag or the flag of Britain. The royal proclamation gave no name to the new flag. The word jack was in use before 1600 to describe the maritime bow flag, by 1627 a small Union Jack was commonly flown in this position. Reinforcing the distinction the Kings proclamation of the day concerning the arms
Union Flag
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The Union Jack flying beside Saint George's Cross
Union Flag
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Union Flag Union Jack Royal Union Flag
Union Flag
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HMS Cornwall, "dressed" on the occasion of her official visit to the port of Zeebrugge, Belgium, in 2006, and flying the Union Jack from the jackstaff.
Union Flag
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Linlithgow Palace carving, c.1617
18.
Rock of Gibraltar
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The Rock of Gibraltar is a monolithic limestone promontory located in the British overseas territory of Gibraltar, near the southwestern tip of Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Rock is Crown property of the United Kingdom, and borders Spain, most of the Rocks upper area is covered by a nature reserve, which is home to around 300 Barbary macaques. These macaques, as well as a network of tunnels. The Rock of Gibraltar was one of the Pillars of Hercules and was known to the Romans as Mons Calpe, in ancient times, the two points marked the limit to the known world, a myth originally fostered by the Greeks and the Phoenicians. Gibraltar is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea and has no contact with the Atlantic Ocean, the Rock of Gibraltar is a monolithic promontory. The Main Ridge has a sharp crest with peaks over 400 m above sea level and it is a deeply eroded and highly faulted limb of an overturned fold. The sedimentary strata composing the Rock of Gibraltar are overturned, with the oldest strata overlying the youngest strata and these strata are the Catalan Bay Shale Formation, Gibraltar Limestone, Little Bay Shale Formation, and Dockyard Shale Formation. These strata are noticeably faulted and deformed, the Catalan Bay Shale Formation contains unidentifiable echinoid spines and belemnite fragments and infrequent Early Jurassic ammonites. The Gibraltar Limestone consists of greyish-white or pale-gray compact, and sometime finely crystalline and this formation comprises about three quarters of the Rock of Gibraltar. Geologists have found various poorly preserved and badly eroded and rolled marine fossils within it, the fossils found in the Gibraltar Limestone include various brachiopods, corals, echinoid fragments, gastropods, pelecypods, and stromatolites. These fossils indicate an Early Jurassic age for the deposition of the Gibraltar Limestone, the Little Bay and Dockyard shale formations form a very minor part of the Rock of Gibraltar. The Little Bay Shale Formation consists of dark bluish-gray, unfossiliferous shale, which is interbedded with layers of grit, mudstone. The Dockyard Shale Formation is an undescribed variegated shale of unknown age that lies buried beneath the Gibraltars dockyard and coastal protection structures. When the African tectonic plate collided tightly with the Eurasian plate, the Atlantic Ocean then broke through the Strait of Gibraltar, and the resultant flooding created the Mediterranean Sea. The Rock forms part of the Betic Cordillera, a range that dominates south-eastern Iberia. Today, the Rock of Gibraltar forms a peninsula jutting out into the Strait of Gibraltar from the southern coast of Spain, the promontory is linked to the continent by means of a sandy tombolo with a maximum elevation of 3 m. To the north, the Rock rises vertically from sea level up to 411.5 m at Rock Gun Battery, the Rocks highest point stands 426 m near the south end above the strait at OHaras Battery. The Rocks central peak, Signal Hill and the top station of the Gibraltar Cable Car, the western face, where the City of Gibraltar is located, is comparatively less steep
Rock of Gibraltar
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Western face of The Rock of Gibraltar, 2006.
Rock of Gibraltar
Rock of Gibraltar
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Levant cloud forming against the eastern cliffs of the Rock of Gibraltar.
Rock of Gibraltar
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The Moorish Castle.
19.
Gibraltar Port Authority
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All operational matters including navigational safety and the smooth running of the Port are overseen by the Captain of the Port. The Chairman of the board of directors of the Gibraltar Port Authority is the Minister for Tourism, Public Transport and the Port, neil F. Costa, who took office following the Gibraltar general election in December 2011. He succeeded Joseph J. Holliday, the Minister for Enterprise, Development, Technology, commodore Bob Sanguinetti is the Chief Executive of the Gibraltar Port Authority and Captain of the Port. He assumed his position on 19 May 2014, Bob Sanguinetti was formerly an Officer of the Royal Navy and commanded Royal Navy warships before working at the Ministry of Defence in a number of strategic roles. Most recently he was Head of Intelligence at the UK’s National Operations Headquarters in North London, in Gibraltar, he succeeded Captain Roy Stanbrook, who had served from February 2012 to April 2014. Roy Stanbrook replaced Captain Peter Hall who served from 2008 to 2011, on 19 February 1706, Queen Anne of Great Britain granted Free Port status to Gibraltar. However, in the early 18th century, Gibraltar was principally a garrison, following the 1805 Battle of Trafalgar, Gibraltar was established as a port for international trade. 1823 marked the appearance of the first steamship in Gibraltar and its evolution to a bunkering port. The government-administered Gibraltar Port Authority was founded in 1806 and its successor, the Act of Parliament also provided for the transfer of some responsibilities from the Government of Gibraltar to the Authority. While established in 2005, the independent Gibraltar Port Authority was not constituted until 2006, members of the Authority were appointed, effective 1 June 2006. The Ports office is located on the North Mole, at the end of Gibraltar Harbour. The principal services provided within Gibraltar Port are bunkering and cruise liner calls, to ensure the safety of navigation at sea in and around BGTW the Gibraltar Port Authority employs a high specification Vessel Traffic Services system. Bunkering, the supply of fuel to vessels, is the service that is carried out at the Port. Gibraltar is a popular tourist destination for cruise liner calls due to its location at the entrance to the Mediterranean. The vast majority of all cruise liner calls to Gibraltar come alongside the primary quayside, the North Mole, Western Arm, Gibraltar plays hosts to approximately 270’000 to 300’000 cruise liner passengers annually making Gibraltar a competitive player in this industry. Photograph of plaque commemorating 200th anniversary of the Gibraltar Port Authority
Gibraltar Port Authority
Gibraltar Port Authority
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Cruise liners visiting the Port of Gibraltar.
20.
Miss World 2009
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Miss World 2009, the 59th edition of the Miss World pageant, was held on 12 December 2009 at the Gallagher Convention Centre in Johannesburg, South Africa. 112 contestants from all over the world competed for the crown, ksenia Sukhinova of Russia crowned Kaiane Aldorino of Gibraltar at the end of event. Katrina Hodge replaced her to participate in Miss World 2009, germany – Alessandra Alores was disqualified due to several explicit pictures of her on the Internet. Stefanie Peeck replaced her to participate in Miss World 2009, ksenia Shipilova replaced her to participate in Miss World 2009. Singapore – The original winner, Ris Low, backed out of the finals at Miss World 2009 and her decision came after a slew of negative media reports in which she incurred the ire of the public for her poor English. Later, news of her conviction for credit fraud in May also surfaced. She was sentenced to two years probation for credit card fraud, there was a national petition for her to step down. Then, Ris Low was diagnosed bipolar disorder. Claire Lee also rebutted Ris Lows allegations on her blog, on 9 October, ERM World Marketing announced Pilar Carmelita Arlando as the new Miss Singapore World 2009, who represented Singapore at the Miss World contest. Before that, she was officially the second runner-up at Miss Singapore World 2009, uruguay – Cinthia DOttone was the original Uruguayan representative to Miss World 2009, but she was replaced at last minute by Claudia Vanrell due to Cinthias health related issues. Vietnam – Trần Thị Hương Giang was appointed to represent Vietnam at Miss World 2009 and she is the 2nd runner-up of Miss Vietnam Global 2009. However, the pageant will be again in 2010 to select the representative for Miss World 2010. St. Lucia – Due to lack of funding and sponsorship Seychelles – Due to lack of funding and sponsorship Pageantopolis – Miss World 2009
Miss World 2009
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Miss World 2009 titlecard
Miss World 2009
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Miss World 2009, Kaiane Aldorino at the Expo 2010 in Shanghai on August 10, 2010
21.
Monarchy of Australia
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The monarchy of Australia is a form of government in which a hereditary king or queen serves as the nations sovereign. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, styled Queen of Australia and she is represented in Australia by the governor-general, in accordance with the Australian constitution and letters patent from the Queen. In each of the states, the monarch is represented by a governor, the Australian monarch, besides reigning in Australia, separately serves as monarch for each of 15 other Commonwealth nations known as realms. This developed from the colonial relationship between these countries and the United Kingdom, but they are now independent of each other and are legally distinct. Likewise, on all matters relating to any Australian state, the monarch is advised by the ministers of the Crown of that state, the British government is thus considered a foreign power in regard to Australias domestic and foreign affairs. The sovereigns Australian title is currently Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Australia and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth. Typically, the monarch is styled King or Queen of Australia and is addressed as such when in Australia or performing duties on behalf of Australia abroad, prior to 1953, the title had simply been the same as that in the United Kingdom. Australia, however, wished to have the United Kingdom mentioned as well, thus, the resolution was a title that included the United Kingdom but, for the first time, also separately mentioned Australia and the other Commonwealth realms. The passage of a new Royal Style and Titles Act by the Parliament of Australia put these recommendations into law, Queen Elizabeth II signed her assent at Government House, Canberra, on 19 October 1973. Australia does not pay any money to the Queen, either for personal income or to support the royal residences outside Australia, only when the Queen is in Australia does the Australian government support her in the performance of her duties. This rule applies equally to members of the Royal Family. Succession is according to British laws that have incorporated into Australian law. By adhering to the Statute of Westminster in 1942, Australia agreed to change its rules of only in agreement with the UK. Parallel proclamations are made by the governors in each state, regardless of any proclamations, the late sovereigns heir immediately and automatically succeeds, without any need for confirmation or further ceremony. After an individual ascends the throne, he or she continues to reign until death. The legal personality of a component of the Australian state is expressed by reference to the sovereign. In criminal prosecutions, the state as a party is named as The Queen—for instance. However, the prosecutors themselves are referred to as representing the Crown, more commonly and conveniently, however, the entity is referred to directly—for example, as The Commonwealth or The State of New South Wales or simply New South Wales
Monarchy of Australia
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Queen of Australia
Monarchy of Australia
Monarchy of Australia
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Postage stamp with portrait of the Queen, 1953
Monarchy of Australia
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Charles, Prince of Wales, is the heir apparent to succeed the Queen.
22.
Monarchy of the Bahamas
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The monarchy of the Bahamas is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas. The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since the country became independent on 10 July 1973, the Bahamas share the Sovereign with the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen does not personally reside in the islands, and most of her roles are therefore delegated to her representative in the country. Royal succession is governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701, the Bahamas are one of sixteen independent nations, known as Commonwealth realms, which separately recognise the Queen as their individual monarch and head of state. Despite sharing the same person as their monarch, each of the Commonwealth realms — including the Bahamas — is sovereign. The Monarchy thus ceased to be an exclusively British institution, although it has often been called British since this time for historical, legal. The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act,1927 was the first indication of this shift in law and this situation applies symmetrically in all the other realms, including the UK. On all matters of the Bahamian State, the Monarch is advised solely by Bahamian ministers. In the Bahamas, the Queens official title is, Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth. Typically, the Sovereign is styled Queen of the Bahamas, and is addressed as such when in the Bahamas, the Monarch is informed of the Prime Ministers decision before the Governor General gives Royal Assent. The current constitution for the Commonwealth of the Bahamas is part of the Schedule to the Bahamas Independence Order of 1973, the Order came into operation on 10 July 1973. The first section declares, The Commonwealth of The Bahamas shall be a sovereign democratic State, most of the Queens domestic duties are performed by the Governor-General. The Governor-General represents the Queen on ceremonial occasions such as the opening of Parliament, under the Constitution, he or she is given authority to act in some matters, for example in appointing and disciplining officers of the civil service, in proroguing Parliament. It has been said since the death of Queen Anne in 1714, the last monarch to head the British cabinet, in exceptional circumstances, however, the Monarch or vice-regal can act against such advice based upon his or her reserve powers. There are also a few duties which must be performed by. These include, signing the appointment papers of Governors General, the confirmation of awards of honours, and approving any change in her title. Succession to the throne is by absolute primogeniture, and governed by the provisions of the Succession to the Crown Act 2013, as well as the Act of Settlement and English Bill of Rights. These documents, though passed by the Parliament of England
Monarchy of the Bahamas
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Queen of the Bahamas
Monarchy of the Bahamas
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Coat of arms of the Bahamas
Monarchy of the Bahamas
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Charles, Prince of Wales, the current heir to the throne of the Bahamas
23.
Monarchy of Belize
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The monarch of Belize is the head of state of Belize. The incumbent is Queen Elizabeth II, officially called Queen of Belize, the heir apparent is Elizabeths eldest son, Prince Charles, though the Queen is the only member of the royal family with any constitutional role. Most of the Queens powers in Belize are exercised by the Governor-General, Colville Young, the Belizean monarch, besides reigning in Belize, separately serves as head of state for each of fifteen other Commonwealth countries. This developed from the colonial relationship of these countries to Britain, but they are now independent. Throughout the 19th century, colonial settlement increased, and Belize was made the Crown colony of British Honduras by Queen Victoria in 1871, the country was granted its independence from the United Kingdom by Queen Elizabeth II in 1981 to form Belize as a kingdom in its own right. Sixteen states within the 53-member Commonwealth of Nations are known as Commonwealth realms, despite sharing the same person as their respective national monarch, each of the Commonwealth realms is sovereign and independent of the others. The monarchy thus ceased to be an exclusively British institution, although it has often been called British since this time for historical, political. The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 was the first indication of this shift in law and this situation applies symmetrically in all the other realms, including the United Kingdom, a situation that has been likened to a treaty amongst these countries. On all matters of the Belizean state, the monarch is advised solely by Belizean Ministers of the Crown, effective with the Belize Act 1981, no British or other realm government can advise the monarch on any matters pertinent to Belize. In Belize, the Queens official title is, Elizabeth The Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Belize and of Her Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth. Typically, the sovereign is styled Queen of Belize, and is addressed as such when in Belize, the heir apparent is Elizabeth IIs eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Upon the demise of the Crown, the Executive Council of Belize is expected to proclaim him King of Belize upon his accession to the throne. Succession to the throne is by male-preference primogeniture, and governed by the provisions of the Act of Settlement,1701, nevertheless, it is customary for the accession of the sovereign to be publicly proclaimed by the Governor-General. After an appropriate period of mourning has passed, the sovereign is also crowned in Westminster Abbey, a coronation is not necessary for a sovereign to reign, for example, Edward VIII was never crowned, yet undoubtedly king during his short reign. After an individual ascends the throne, he or she continues to reign until death, monarchs are not allowed to unilaterally abdicate. All powers of state are constitutionally reposed in the monarch, who is represented by the Governor General of Belize – appointed by the monarch upon the advice of the Prime Minister of Belize, most of the Queens domestic duties are performed by this vice-regal representative. To a large extent the new constitution included the institutions and procedures with which Belizeans had been familiar for the past eighteen years of self-government under the constitution of 1963. The Form of Oath of Allegiance and Office prescribed in Schedule 3 is a declaration of allegiance to Belize and to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Her Heirs and Successors
Monarchy of Belize
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Queen of Belize
Monarchy of Belize
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Coat of arms of Belize
Monarchy of Belize
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Charles, Prince of Wales, is the heir apparent to the Belizean Throne.
24.
Monarchy of Canada
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The Monarchy of Canada is at the very core of both Canadas federal structure and Westminster-style of parliamentary and constitutional democracy. The monarchy is the foundation of the executive, legislature, and judiciary in the federal, the Canadian sovereign is the personification of the Canadian state and, as a matter of constitutional law, is Canada. The current Canadian monarch, since 6 February 1952, is Queen Elizabeth II, as such, Elizabeths son, Prince Charles, is heir apparent. Although the person of the sovereign is shared with 15 other independent countries within the Commonwealth of Nations, each countrys monarchy is separate. However, the Queen is the member of the Royal Family with any constitutional role. While some powers are only by the sovereign, most of the monarchs operational and ceremonial duties are exercised by his or her representative. In each of Canadas provinces, the monarch is represented by a lieutenant governor, as the territories are not sovereign, they do not have a viceroy. As all executive authority is vested in the sovereign, their assent is required to allow for bills to become law and for letters patent, Canada is one of the oldest continuing monarchies in the world. The emergence of this arrangement paralleled the fruition of Canadian nationalism following the end of the First World War and culminated in the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931. Upon a demise of the Crown, the late sovereigns heir immediately and automatically succeeds, without any need for confirmation or further ceremony, hence arises the phrase The King is dead. It is customary for the accession of the new monarch to be proclaimed by the governor general on behalf of the Privy Council. Following an appropriate period of mourning, the monarch is crowned in the United Kingdom in an ancient ritual. This is because, in law, the Crown never dies. After an individual ascends the throne, he or she continues to reign until death. The relationship between the Commonwealth realms is such that any change to the rules of succession to their respective crowns requires the consent of all the realms. Succession is governed by statutes, such as the Bill of Rights 1689, the Act of Settlement 1701, in 1936, King Edward VIII abdicated and any possible future descendants of his were excluded from the line of succession. As the Statute of Westminster 1931 disallowed the UK from legislating for Canada, including in relation to succession, the latter was deemed by the Cabinet in 1947 to be part of Canadian law, as is the Bill of Rights 1689, according to the Supreme Court of Canada. The Department of External Affairs included all succession-related laws in its list of acts within Canadian law, certain aspects of the succession rules have been challenged in the courts
Monarchy of Canada
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Queen of Canada
Monarchy of Canada
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Royal Arms of Canada (unofficial rendition)
Monarchy of Canada
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The original Act of Settlement, 1701
Monarchy of Canada
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Charles, Prince of Wales (right), in Halifax, Nova Scotia, 2014. Charles is the heir apparent to the Canadian throne.
25.
Monarchy of Jamaica
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The monarchy of Jamaica is a constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of Jamaica. The terms Crown in Right of Jamaica, Her Majesty in Right of Jamaica, though the Jamaican Crown has its roots in the British Crown, it has evolved to become a distinctly Jamaican institution, represented by its own unique symbols. The present monarch is Queen Elizabeth II—officially titled Queen of Jamaica—who has reigned since 6 August 1962 and she, her consort, and other members of the Royal Family undertake various public and private functions across Jamaica and on behalf of the country abroad. While several powers are the sovereigns alone, most of the constitutional and ceremonial duties in Jamaica are carried out by the Queens representative. The Jamaican monarch, besides reigning in Jamaica, separately serves as monarch for each of fifteen other Commonwealth countries known as Commonwealth realms and this developed from the former colonial relationship of these countries to Britain, but they are now independent and the monarchy of each is legally distinct. Jamaica has the person as their monarch as other Commonwealth realms. On all matters of the Jamaican state, the monarch is advised solely by Jamaican Ministers of the Crown, and, effective with the Jamaica Independence Act,1962, no British or other realm government can advise the monarch on matters pertinent to Jamaica. Instead, the practice of sending High Commissioners developed, wherein an individual is sent to be a representative in one realm of the government in another. The sovereigns role specifically as Queen of Jamaica, as well as her status as monarch of other nations, is communicated by mentioning Jamaica separately from, but along with, the Queens other lands. Typically, the sovereign is styled Queen of Jamaica, and is addressed as such when in Jamaica or performing duties on behalf of Jamaica abroad and this applies equally to other members of the royal family. Succession is by male-preference primogeniture governed by the provisions of the Act of Settlement,1701, thus, Jamaicas line of succession remains identical to that of the United Kingdom. Upon a demise of the Crown it is customary for the accession of the new monarch to be proclaimed by the Governor-General. All incumbent viceroys, judges, civil servants, legislators, military officers, after an individual ascends the throne, he or she typically continues to reign until death. Since the independence of Jamaica, the role as monarch of Jamaica has been recognised and promoted as separate to his or her position as monarch of the United Kingdom. Today the sovereign is regarded as the personification, or legal personality, according to their respective laws and customs. Save for that taken by senators, the oaths of allegiance were altered in 2002, all institutions of government are said to act under the sovereigns authority, the vast powers that belong to the Crown are collectively known as the Royal Prerogative. The government of Jamaica is also formally referred to as Her Majestys Government. The Form of Oath of Allegiance set out in the First Schedule of the Order in Council, is a declaration of allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Her Heirs and Successors
Monarchy of Jamaica
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Queen of Jamaica
Monarchy of Jamaica
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Coat of arms of Jamaica
Monarchy of Jamaica
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Charles, Prince of Wales, is the heir apparent to the Jamaican throne.
26.
Monarchy of New Zealand
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The Crown is the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the New Zealand government, which is a Westminster-style parliamentary democracy. Most of the powers are exercised by the elected parliamentarians, the ministers of the Crown generally drawn from amongst them. The New Zealand monarchy has its roots in the British Crown, from which it has evolved to become a distinctly New Zealand institution, however, the Queen is the only member of the Royal Family with any constitutional role. New Zealand shares the same monarch with the other 15 monarchies in the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations, supports of the monarchy argue it costs New Zealand taxpayers only a small outlay for royal engagements and tours and the expenses of the governor-generals establishment. Monarchy New Zealand states his figure is one dollar per person per year. Thus, New Zealands line of succession remains identical to that of the United Kingdom, as such, the rules for succession are not fixed, but may be changed by a constitutional amendment. The Constitution Act 1986 specifies that should a regent be installed in the United Kingdom, upon a demise of the Crown, the late sovereigns heir immediately and automatically succeeds, without any need for confirmation or further ceremony—hence arises the phrase The King is dead. It is customary, though, for the accession of the new monarch to be proclaimed by the governor-general on behalf of the Executive Council of New Zealand. Following an appropriate period of mourning, the monarch is crowned in the United Kingdom in an ancient ritual. After an individual ascends the throne, he or she continues to reign until death. One of the first post-Second World War examples of New Zealands status as an independent monarchy was the alteration of the title by the Royal Titles Act 1953. This is one of the key differences from the Queens role in England and this is done in reciprocation to the sovereigns Coronation Oath, wherein he or she promises to govern the Peoples of. According to their laws and customs. Though this power stems from the people, all New Zealanders live under the authority of the monarch, the government of New Zealand is defined by the constitution as the Queen acting on the advice of her Executive Council. In the construct of constitutional monarchy and responsible government, the advice tendered is typically binding, meaning the monarch reigns. The Royal Prerogative also extends to foreign affairs, the sovereign or the governor-general conducts treaties, alliances, the governor-general, on behalf of the Queen, also accredits New Zealand high commissioners and ambassadors, and receives similar diplomats from foreign states. In addition, the issuance of passports falls under the Royal Prerogative, the Crown is further responsible for summoning, proroguing, and dissolving the House of Representatives, after which the governor-general usually calls for a general election. The sovereign is responsible for rendering justice for all her subjects, however, she does not personally rule in judicial cases, instead the judicial functions of the Royal Prerogative are performed in trust and in the Queens name by Officers of Her Majestys Court
Monarchy of New Zealand
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Queen of New Zealand
Monarchy of New Zealand
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Coat of arms of New Zealand
Monarchy of New Zealand
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Charles, Prince of Wales, is the heir apparent to the New Zealand throne
Monarchy of New Zealand
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The ministers of the Fifth Labour Government with then Governor-General Dame Silvia Cartwright, 20 October 2005
27.
Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Saint Kitts and Nevis is a constitutional monarchy in which a monarch is head of state. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, who is also Sovereign of the other Commonwealth realms, the Queens constitutional roles are mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Royal succession is governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701, one of the most complicated features of the Saint Kitts and Nevis Monarchy is that it is a shared monarchy. 53 states are members of the Commonwealth of Nations, sixteen of these countries are specifically Commonwealth realms who recognise, individually, the same person as their Monarch and Head of State, Saint Kitts and Nevis is one of these. Despite sharing the same person as their respective monarch, each of the Commonwealth realms – including Saint Kitts and Nevis – is sovereign. The Monarchy thus ceased to be an exclusively British institution, although it has often been called British since this time for historical, legal. The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 was the first indication of this shift in law and this situation applies symmetrically in all the other realms, including the UK. On all matters of the Saint Kitts and Nevis State, the Monarch is advised solely by Saint Kitts and Nevis ministers. Typically, the Sovereign is styled Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis, the order was made under the West Indies Act 1967 and came into operation on 23 June 1983. The Form of Oath of Allegiance set out in the Fourth Schedule of the Order in Council is a declaration of allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, most of the Queens domestic duties are performed by the Governor General. The Governor-General represents the Queen on ceremonial occasions such as the opening of Parliament, under the Constitution, he is given authority to act in some matters, for example in appointing and disciplining officers of the civil service, in proroguing Parliament. It has been said since the death of Queen Anne in 1714, the last monarch to head the British cabinet, in exceptional circumstances, however, the Monarch or vice-regal can act against such advice based upon his or her reserve powers. There are also a few duties which must be performed by. These include, signing the appointment papers of Governors General, the confirmation of awards of honours, Succession to the throne is by absolute primogeniture, and governed by the provisions of the Succession to the Crown Bill that was passed 8 July 2013 in accordance with the Perth Agreement. Previously succession had been governed by the Act of Settlement and English Bill of Rights, originally passed by the Parliament of England. This legislation lays out the rules that the Monarch cannot be a Roman Catholic, as Saint Kitts and Neviss laws governing succession are currently identical to those of the United Kingdom see Succession to the British Throne for more information. The heir apparent is Elizabeth IIs eldest son, Charles, who has no official title outside of the UK, all laws in Saint Kitts and Nevis are enacted with the sovereigns, or the vice-regals signature. The granting of a signature to a bill is known as Royal Assent, it and proclamation are required for all acts of Parliament, usually granted or withheld by the Governor General
Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Coat of arms of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Charles, Prince of Wales, the current heir to the throne of Saint Kitts and Nevis
28.
Monarchy of Saint Lucia
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The monarchy of Saint Lucia is a system of government in which a hereditary, constitutional monarch is the sovereign of Saint Lucia. The present monarch of Saint Lucia is Elizabeth II, who is also the Sovereign of the Commonwealth realms, the Queens constitutional roles are mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Saint Lucia. Royal succession is governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701, the present queen Elizabeth II has reigned over the separate Saint Lucian monarchy since 22 February 1979. She along with her husband and other members of the Royal Family undertake various official, ceremonial and representational duties, fifty-three states are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Sixteen of these countries are specifically Commonwealth realms who recognise, individually, despite sharing the same person as their respective national monarch, each of the Commonwealth realms – including Saint Lucia – is sovereign and independent of the others. As a constitutional monarch Queen Elizabeth II entirely on the advice of her Saint Lucian ministers, the monarch is briefed by regular communication for her Saint Lucian government. Most of the Queens daily constitutional roles are mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Saint Lucia, the governor general is appointed entirely upon the advice of her Saint Lucian government. The monarch maintains direct contact with the governor general, the present Governor-General is Her Excellency Dame Pearlette Louisy GCMG. Control of St Lucia was disputed between the British and French from 1659 until 1814 when it was ceded to the British. The Monarchy thus ceased to be an exclusively British institution, although it has often been called British since this time for historical, legal. The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act,1927 was the first indication of this shift in law and this situation applies symmetrically in all the other realms, including the UK. The island became self-governing in 1967 and achieved independence in 1979, in Saint Lucia, the Queens official title is, Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Saint Lucia and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth. Typically, the Sovereign is styled Queen of Saint Lucia, and is addressed as such when in Saint Lucia, most of the Queens domestic duties are performed by the Governor General. The Governor-General represents the Queen on ceremonial occasions such as the opening of Parliament, under the Constitution, he is given authority to act in some matters, for example in appointing and disciplining officers of the civil service, in proroguing Parliament. It has been said since the death of Queen Anne in 1714, the last monarch to head the British cabinet, in exceptional circumstances, however, the Monarch or vice-regal can act against such advice based upon his or her reserve powers. There are also a few duties which must be performed by. These include, signing the appointment papers of Governors General, the confirmation of awards of honours, Succession to the throne is by male-preference primogeniture, and governed by the provisions of the Act of Settlement, as well as the English Bill of Rights. These documents, though passed by the Parliament of England, are now part of the Saint Lucian constitutional law
Monarchy of Saint Lucia
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Queen of Saint Lucia
Monarchy of Saint Lucia
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Coat of arms of Saint Lucia
29.
Monarchy of the Solomon Islands
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The monarchy of the Solomon Islands is a system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of the Solomon Islands. The present monarch of the Solomon Islands is Queen Elizabeth II, the Queens constitutional roles have been almost entirely delegated to the Governor-General of Solomon Islands. Royal succession is governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701, each realm, including Solomon Islands, is a sovereign and independent state. Elizabeth II exercises her sovereignty only as Queen of Solomon Islands and on all matters relating to Solomon Islands, the Monarchy thus ceased to be an exclusively British institution, although it has often been called British since for reasons historical, legal, and of convenience. The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act,1927 was the first indication of this shift in law and this situation applies symmetrically in all the other realms, including the UK. In Solomon Islands, the Queens official title is, Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Solomon Islands and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth. Typically, the Sovereign is styled Queen of Solomon Islands, and is addressed as such when in Solomon Islands, the Monarch is informed of the Prime Ministers decision before the Governor General gives Royal Assent. Solomon Islands had gained self-government in 1976 following the independence of neighbouring Papua New Guinea from Australia in 1975, independence was granted in 1978, establishing Solomon Islands as a sovereign democratic state, with the Queen as Head of State. It was made under the Foreign Jurisdiction Act 1890, and came into operation on 7 July 1978, the Governor-General represents the Queen on ceremonial occasions such as the opening of Parliament, the presentation of honours and military parades. Under the Constitution, he or she is given authority to act in matters, for example in appointing and disciplining officers of the civil service. The powers that are constitutionally hers are exercised almost wholly upon the advice of the Cabinet and it has been said since the death of Queen Anne in 1714, the last monarch to head the British cabinet, that the monarch reigns but does not rule. In exceptional circumstances the Monarch or vice-regal can act against such advice based upon his or her reserve powers, there are also a few duties which must be specifically performed by, or bills that require assent by the Queen. These include, signing the appointment papers of Governors General, the confirmation of awards of honours, Succession to the throne is by gender-neutral primogeniture, and governed by the provisions of the Act of Settlement, as well as the English Bill of Rights. These documents, though passed by the Parliament of England, are now part of the Solomon Islands constitutional law. As Solomon Islandss laws governing succession are currently identical to those of the United Kingdom see Succession to the British Throne for more information. The heir apparent is Elizabeth IIs eldest son, Charles, who has no official title outside of the UK, all laws in Solomon Islands are enacted with the sovereigns, or the vice-regals signature. The granting of a signature to a bill is known as Royal Assent, it and proclamation are required for all acts of Parliament, usually granted or withheld by the Governor General. The Vice-Regals may reserve a bill for the Monarchs pleasure, that is to say, the Monarch has the power to disallow a bill
Monarchy of the Solomon Islands
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Queen of Solomon Islands
Monarchy of the Solomon Islands
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Coat of arms of Solomon Islands
30.
Anne, Princess Royal
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Anne, Princess Royal, KG KT GCVO GCStJ QSO GCL CD is the second child and only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of her birth, she was third in the line of succession, behind her mother – then Princess Elizabeth – and elder brother and she rose to second after her mothers accession, but is currently 12th in line. Anne is known for her work, and is patron of over 200 organisations. Princess Anne has held the title of Princess Royal since 1987 and is its seventh holder, Anne was married to Captain Mark Phillips in 1973, they divorced in 1992. They have two children and three grandchildren, in 1992, within months of her divorce, Anne married Vice Admiral Sir Timothy Laurence, whom she had met while he served as her mothers equerry between 1986 and 1989. Anne was born at Clarence House on 15 August 1950 at 11,50 am, as the child and only daughter of Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh. She was the grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. Anne was baptised in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace on 21 October 1950, by Archbishop of York, after the death of George VI, Annes mother ascended the throne as Queen Elizabeth II. Given her young age at the time, she did not attend the coronation, the Company was active until 1963, when Anne went to boarding school. Anne enrolled at Benenden School in 1963, in 1968 she left school with six GCE O-Levels and two A-Levels. In the next couple of years, Anne started dating, in 1970 her first boyfriend was Andrew Parker Bowles, who later became the first husband of Camilla Shand. Following the wedding, Anne and her husband lived at Gatcombe Park and he was made acting captain by the start of 1974 when he was appointed a personal aide-de-camp to Queen Elizabeth II. By 1989, however, Princess Anne and Mark Phillips announced their intention to separate, the couple divorced on 23 April 1992. The Queen had offered Phillips an earldom on his wedding day, the couple had two children, Peter Phillips and Zara Phillips. As female-line descendants of royalty, the children have no title despite being the grandchildren of a monarch, Anne became a grandmother on 29 December 2010 when Peter and his wife Autumn had a daughter, Savannah. On 29 March 2012, the couple had daughter, Isla. Annes third granddaughter, Mia Grace, was born on 17 January 2014 to Zara and her husband Mike Tindall. As Princess Anne and Mark Phillips were returning to Buckingham Palace on 20 March 1974, from a charity event on Pall Mall, the driver of the Escort, Ian Ball, jumped out and began firing a pistol
Anne, Princess Royal
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The Princess Royal at Chatham House, October 2015
Anne, Princess Royal
Anne, Princess Royal
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Princess Anne with her parents and elder brother in October 1957
Anne, Princess Royal
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Anne and Charles at the White House with Tricia Nixon and Julie & David Eisenhower in June 1970
31.
Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex
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Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, KG, GCVO, CD, ADC is the youngest of four children and the third son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of his birth, he was third in line to succeed his mother, as of 2017, he is ninth in line. Prince Edward was born on 10 March 1964, at Buckingham Palace, as the son and fourth and youngest child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip. He was baptised on 2 May 1964 in the chapel at Windsor Castle by the then-Dean of Windsor. As with his siblings, a governess was appointed to look after Edward and was responsible for his early education at Buckingham Palace. At the age of seven, Edward was then sent to Gibbs School before attending, in September 1972, Heatherdown School, near Ascot in Berkshire. He then, as his father and elder brothers had done him, moved to Gordonstoun, in northern Scotland. Upon his return to Britain, Edward matriculated at Jesus College, Cambridge and his admission to Cambridge caused some controversy at the time, since his A-level grades were far below the standard normally required, straight As, for Oxbridge entrance. Edward graduated in 1986 as BA and proceeded Master of Arts in 1991, Prince Edward made two very public attempts to pursue a career. However, in January 1987 he dropped out of the commando course after completing just one third of the 12-month training. Media reported, at the time, that the move prompted a berating from Prince Philip who reduced his son to prolonged tears, after leaving the Marines, Edward opted for a career in entertainment. His duties reportedly involved making tea for the artistic staff, while there he met actress Ruthie Henshall, whom he dated for three years. The media attacked the programme, it was reported that the Queen was not in favour of the event. In 1993, Edward formed the production company Ardent Productions. Commercial breaks are filled with army recruiting advertisements, ardents productions were somewhat better received in the United States and a documentary Edward made about his great-uncle, Edward VIII in 1996, sold well worldwide. Nonetheless, the reported losses every year it operated save one when Edward did not draw a salary. The Prince of Wales was reportedly angered by the incident, Ardent Productions was voluntarily dissolved in June 2009, with assets reduced to just £40. Edwards original backers in the venture are said to have lost every penny, Edward met Sophie Rhys-Jones, then a public relations executive with her own firm, in 1994
Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex
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The Earl in Belfast, February 2015
Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex
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The Earl and Countess of Wessex at the wedding of the Crown Princess of Sweden in June 2010
Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex
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The Earl and Countess of Wessex at Trooping the Colour in June 2013
Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex
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The Earl of Wessex at Yate, Gloucestershire, December 2011
32.
Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
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The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II as monarch of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon took place on 2 June 1953 at Westminster Abbey. The coronation took place more than a year later because of the tradition that holding such a festival is inappropriate during the period of mourning follows the death of a monarch. Celebrations took place across the Commonwealth realm and a medal was issued. It was the first British coronation to be televised, much of the physical preparations and decorations along the route were under the responsibility of David Eccles, Minister of Works. Eccles described his role and that of the Earl Marshal thus, laurent said at the time, in my view the Coronation is the official enthronement of the Sovereign as Sovereign of the U. K. We are happy to attend and witness the Coronation of the Sovereign of the U. K. the Coronation Commission announced in June 1952 that the coronation would take place one year later, on 2 June. Elizabeths grandmother Queen Mary died on 24 March 1953, having stated in her will that her death should not affect the planning of the coronation and the event went ahead as scheduled. Elizabeth, meanwhile, rehearsed for the day with her maids of honour, a sheet used in place of the velvet train. Elizabeth took part in two full rehearsals at Westminster Abbey, on 22 and 29 May, though other sources assert that the Queen attended either several rehearsals or one, the Duchess of Norfolk usually stood in for the Queen at rehearsals. The Coronation ceremony of Elizabeth II followed a pattern to the coronations of the kings and queens before her, being held in Westminster Abbey. However, for the new Queen, several parts of the ceremony were markedly different, the coronation of the Queen was the first ever to be televised, and was also the worlds first major international event to be broadcast on television. The event was filmed in colour, separately from the BBCs black. At Goose Bay, Labrador, the film was transferred to a Royal Canadian Air Force CF-100 jet fighter for the trip to Montreal. In all, three voyages were made as the coronation proceeded. The first royal coach left Buckingham Palace and moved down the Mall and it was followed by the Irish State Coach carrying Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, who wore the circlet of her crown bearing the Koh-i-Noor diamond. Queen Elizabeth II proceeded through London from Buckingham Palace, through Trafalgar Square,10,000 service personnel from across the Commonwealth and Empire marched in a procession that was two miles long and took 45 minutes to pass any given point. A further 15,800 lined the route, the parade was led by Colonel Burrows of the War Office staff and four regimental bands. Then came the colonial contingents, then troops from the Commonwealth realms, followed by the Royal Air Force, the British Army, the Royal Navy and finally the Household Brigade
Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
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Queen Elizabeth II with the Duke of Edinburgh in her coronation portrait, 2 June 1953
Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
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A ticket for the stands erected alongside the coronation procession route through Piccadilly Circus
Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
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Queen Sālote Tupou III in her carriage as it proceeds through London to Westminster Abbey on 2 June 1953
Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
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The stools used at the coronation.
33.
Coronation gown of Elizabeth II
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Queen Elizabeth IIs coronation took place on 2 June 1953. Ordered in October 1952, it took eight months of research, design, the gown, like the Elizabeths wedding dress and other notable royal dresses of this period, was designed by Norman Hartnell. It was the Queens wish that the dress should be made of satin, like her wedding dress, with accentuation of regal elegance. The gown now forms part of the Royal Collection, after the coronation, the dress was worn on several occasions such as when she opened the parliaments in New Zealand, Australia, Ceylon, and Canada. The dress was to be a historic masterpiece befitting the occasion, like her bridal gown, the costume was designed by Norman Hartnell. The Queen favoured the last option if Hartnell introduced some colour and made some adjustments, later Hartnell secretly added an embroidered extra four-leaved shamrock on the left side of her dress as an omen for good fortune. In addition to the gown, Hartnell also designed a white linen robe called a colobium sindonis. Attached to the shoulders was a velvet mantle edged with ermine. On the Coronation Day, the six maids of honour carried this robe behind the Queen, the dress, which was ordered in October 1952, took eight months of research, design and workmanship to make. Its intricate embroidery required many hours of diligent work by the dressmakers, the silk used to make the gown was obtained from Lady Hart Dykes silk farm at Lullingstone Castle. The dress required the efforts of at least three dressmakers, six embroideresses and the Royal School of Needlework, responsible for the embroidery worked in gold bullion thread. The Robe of State of Crimson Velvet, which was attached to the shoulders of the gown, was hand-woven by Warners of Braintree, Essex, using Lullingstone Castle silk, ede and Ravenscroft of Chancery Lane, London
Coronation gown of Elizabeth II
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Coronation gown of Elizabeth II
34.
Proclamation of accession of Elizabeth II
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Queen Elizabeth II was proclaimed sovereign throughout her realms after the death of her father, King George VI, who died in the night between 5 and 6 February 1952 while she was in Kenya. Proclamations were made in different realms on 6,7,8, the line of succession was identical in all the Commonwealth realms, but the royal title as proclaimed was not the same in all of them. The Governor-General of Australia, Sir William McKell, issued the proclamation of Elizabeths accession as Queen of Australia. m. m, according to the Times, it was expected that the public proclamation would be made in due form by the heralds of the College of Arms. After the announcement of the Kings death had been communicated to the Legislative Board of Turks and Caicos Islands. Also, the Crown, which had referred to as the Imperial Crown of Great Britain and Ireland, was also now non-specific. These last two points reflected the existence of the Republic of Ireland, as well as the sovereignty of countries over which Elizabeth was now separately queen, Elizabeth was also proclaimed Queen of Ireland in South Africa. Changes of the style and title in any realm do not as such change the constitutional status or position of the monarch or the Crown. Privy council Executive Council Royal Style and Titles Act Queen Elizabeth II proclaimed at the Royal Exchange,6 February 1952 The London Gazette, accession Councils first meeting and proclamation The London Gazette, no.3946. Queens declaration made in the council of 8 February 1952 The London Gazette, ceremonial observed at the proclamation in London The Edinburgh Gazette, no.16949. Ceremonial observed at the proclamation at Meercat Cross, Edinburgh
Proclamation of accession of Elizabeth II
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The Royal Cypher of Queen Elizabeth II, surmounted by St Edward's Crown.
35.
Annus horribilis
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Annus horribilis is a Latin phrase, meaning horrible year. It is complementary to annus mirabilis, which means year, however, annus mirabilis is a traditional term. 1992 is not a year on which I shall look back with undiluted pleasure, in the words of one of my more sympathetic correspondents, it has turned out to be an annus horribilis. The sympathetic correspondent was later revealed to be her assistant private secretary. The unpleasant events which happened to the Royal Family in this include, On 12 March 1992, Mauritius. On 19 March, it was announced that her second son Prince Andrew, Duke of York would separate from his wife Sarah, on 23 April, her daughter Anne, Princess Royal divorced Captain Mark Phillips. On 8 June, Diana, Princess of Waless tell-all book Diana, on 20 August, scandalous pictures of the Duchess of York being kissed on her feet by her friend, John Bryan, were published in Daily Mirror. On 24 August, intimate conversations between the Princess of Wales and James Gilbey from a recording of their phone calls were published in The Sun. On 13 November, the affair between the Prince of Wales and Camilla Parker Bowles was confirmed by a transcript of a recording of their phone calls published in the Daily Mirror, dubbed Camillagate. On 20 November, just four days before the Guildhall speech, on 9 December, John Major, then Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, announced to the House of Commons that the Prince and Princess of Wales had decided to separate. Kofi Annan, then United Nations Secretary-General, used the phrase in his press conference on 21 December 2004. He reflected, Theres no doubt that this has been a difficult year. His remarks were interpreted as having alluded to persistent allegations of corruption in the UNs Iraq Oil-for-Food Program. His remarks came just days before the deadliest event of the year, in 2007, the Spanish Royal Family, in particular Juan Carlos I, faced a difficult year. Family tragedy and a series of controversies led to Spanish newspapers to refer to the year as the annus horribilis. In February, Érika Ortiz Rocasolano, the youngest sister of Letizia, then the Princess of Asturias and this will be the closest thing to work I’ve ever done in my life. It satirized a proposal by the government to give 2,500 euros to the parents of newborn children, the magazine was banned and removed from distribution, which led to a censorship controversy. Shortly after the summit, the house announced the separation of the kings daughter, the Duchess of Lugo
Annus horribilis
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Monarchies
36.
Lithgow Plot
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The Lithgow Plot was a purported assassination attempt of Queen Elizabeth II on 29 April 1970 at Lithgow, New South Wales, while she was undertaking a royal tour of Australia. The Queen and her husband were on a trip from Sydney to Orange. The would-be assassins supposedly rolled a large wooden log onto the tracks when it was dark, according to retired Detective Superintendent Cliff McHardy, it was meant to de-rail the train and, if it did, it would have smashed into an embankment. It failed because, at the time, the train was travelling slowly when it struck the blockage. A train had been through an hour before the Queens train to check the line, the royal couple were unaware of the attempt, and according to McHardy the government of Australia told the local police to keep quiet about the incident. This purportedly hampered the investigation attempt because people interviewed either couldnt or wouldnt speak about what had taken place, in January 2009, McHardy gave the story to the Lithgow Mercury and The Daily Mail. Buckingham Palace declined to comment on the issue but has said that a diary of the trip has shown no record of the trains hitting a log, the Daily Mail The Australian Daily Telegraph The British Daily Telegraph LIVENEWS The West Australian
Lithgow Plot
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Monarchies
37.
Marcus Sarjeant
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Marcus Simon Sarjeant fired six blank shots at Queen Elizabeth II as she rode down The Mall to the Trooping the Colour ceremony in 1981. Sarjeant, who was from Capel-le-Ferne, near Folkestone, Kent, went to Astor Secondary School in Dover and he was a member of the Scouts, becoming local patrol leader before leaving to join the Air Training Corps in 1978. In the ATC, Sarjeant won a marksmans badge, and he owned an air rifle. After leaving school in May 1980 with seven CSE passes, Sarjeant applied to join the Royal Marines but could not accept the discipline and he also tried to join the Army but stayed only for two days of an induction course. After failed applications to join the police and the service, he worked at a zoo. Under the Youth Training Scheme he worked at a centre in Hawkinge. Friends reported that Sarjeant joined the Anti-Royalist Movement in October 1980, at the time of the incident at the Trooping the Colour, he was unemployed and living with his mother. He tried unsuccessfully to find ammunition for his fathers.455 Webley revolver, through mail order he paid £66.90 for two blank-firing replica Colt Python revolvers. In the run-up to the annual Trooping the Colour ceremony, Sarjeant sent letters to two magazines, one of which included a picture of him with his fathers gun and he also sent a letter to Buckingham Palace which read Your Majesty. Dont go to the Trooping the Colour ceremony because there is a set up to kill you. The letter arrived on 16 June, on 13 June 1981, Sarjeant joined the crowds for Trooping the Colour, finding a spot near the junction between The Mall and Horseguards Avenue. When the Queen came past riding her 19-year-old horse Burmese, Sarjeant quickly fired six blanks from his starting revolver, the horse was momentarily startled but the Queen brought her under control, she was unharmed. Lance Corporal Alec Galloway, Lance Corporal McNeill, Sergeant John Woodcock and John Heasman quickly reacted and subdued Sarjeant, I wanted to be a somebody. The incident happened fifteen minutes after the Queens departure from Buckingham Palace, immediately the Sovereigns Escort was ordered by the Gold Stick-in-Waiting to close up around Her Majesty. The Queen continued to Horse Guards Parade, in questioning, Sarjeant said he had been inspired by the assassination of John Lennon in December 1980, and the attempts on the life of Ronald Reagan and Pope John Paul II. In particular he noted the ease with which Mark David Chapman had become famous after killing John Lennon. A friend said that at the time of John Hinckley, Jr. s attempt on the life of President Reagan, the police found that Sarjeant had written I am going to stun and mystify the world. I will become the most famous teenager in the world, investigations by psychiatrists found that Sarjeant did not have any abnormalities within the Mental Health Act 1983
Marcus Sarjeant
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Monarchies
38.
Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II
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The Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II marked the 25th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth IIs accession to the thrones of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms. The anniversary date itself was commemorated in church services across the land on 6 February 1977, in March, preparations started for large parties in every major city of the United Kingdom, as well as for smaller ones for countless individual streets throughout the country. No monarch before Queen Elizabeth II had visited more of the United Kingdom in such a span of time. All in all, the Queen and her husband Prince Philip visited a total of 36 counties, the trip started with record crowds gathering to see the Queen and Prince Philip in Glasgow, Scotland, on 17 May. After moving to England and Wales, the Queen and Prince Philip wrapped up the first of their trips with a visit to Northern Ireland, among the places visited during the national trips were numerous schools, which were the subject of a television special hosted by presenter Valerie Singleton. The final stop on the tour was a trip to Canada. On 6 June, the Queen lit a bonfire beacon at Windsor Castle, the service was followed by lunch in the Guildhall, hosted by the Lord Mayor of the City of London Peter Vanneck. A further 500 million people around the Commonwealth watched the events on live television. On 7 June, streets and villages threw elaborate parties for all their residents, in addition to parties, many streets decorated motor vehicles as historical events from Britains past, and drove them about town, organising their very own parades. In London alone there were over 4000 organised parties for individual streets, throughout the entire day, onlookers were greeted by the Queen many times as she made several appearances for pictures from the balcony of Buckingham Palace. On 9 June, the Queen made a Royal Progress trip via boat down the River Thames from Greenwich to Lambeth, on the trip, the Queen officially opened the Silver Jubilee Walkway and the South Bank Jubilee Gardens, two of numerous places named after the festivities. In the evening, she presided over a display and was taken subsequently by a procession of lighted carriages to Buckingham Palace. Before, during, and after the events of Jubilee, the event was addressed in many media of popular culture throughout the Commonwealth, the most infamous event marking the Jubilee was the Sex Pistols release of the vehement anti-monarchy song God Save the Queen. The event, a mockery of the Queens river procession planned for two later, ended in chaos. Police launches forced the boat to dock, and constabulary surrounded the gangplanks at the pier, while the band members and their equipment were hustled down a side stairwell, McLaren, Vivenne Westwood, and many of the bands entourage were arrested. With the official UK record chart for Jubilee week about to be released, as it turned out, the record placed second, behind a Rod Stewart single in its fourth week at the top. Many believed that the record had actually qualified for the top spot, McLaren later claimed that CBS Records, which was distributing both singles, told him that the Sex Pistols were actually outselling Stewart two to one. The soap opera Coronation Street wrote an elaborate Jubilee parade into the storyline, ken Barlow and Uncle Albert played Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing respectively
Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II
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Elaborate street parties were thrown across the country, like this one in Plymouth.
Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II
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The Queen (centre, yellow dress) with family members and international leaders, May 1977
Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II
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The Australian aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne at Spithead during the Silver Jubilee Fleet Review on 28 June
Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II
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Sea Containers House decorated for Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee.
39.
Jubilee Walkway
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The Jubilee Walkway is an official walking route in London. It was originally opened as the Silver Jubilee Walkway to commemorate Queen Elizabeth IIs accession, the intention was to connect many of Londons major tourist attractions and it is now one of seven such walks within the Mayor of Londons strategic walking routes. The Jubilee Walkway Trust was set up in 1978 to look after the trail, the Jubilee Walkway can be divided into five smaller loop walks, the Western loop, Eastern loop, City loop, Camden loop and Jubilee loop. Western loop The longest loop within the Jubilee Walkway, the Western loop is six miles in length and originates at Leicester Square in the West End of London. Walking in a direction, some of the major sites taken in on the loop include, Eastern loop Five miles in length. Walking anti-clockwise, the sites on the City loop include. Walking in a direction, the main attractions on the Jubilee loop include, The Jubilee Walkway
Jubilee Walkway
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A walkway marker at Parliament Square
Jubilee Walkway
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One of the ground markers for the Jubilee Walkway; this one is located in Parliament Square.
40.
Party at the Palace
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The Party at the Palace was a concert held in London in 2002. The event was in commemoration of the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II held over the Golden Jubilee Weekend 1–4 June 2002, the concert itself was held at Buckingham Palace Garden on 3 June 2002. It was the equivalent of the Prom at the Palace. The concert was held at the gardens of Buckingham Palace Garden as part of the Golden Jubilee, the event was touted as the greatest concert in Britain since Live Aid or possibly ever. Tickets to the event were determined by a lottery, an estimated 1 million people watched outside the Palace in The Mall and around the Queen Victoria Memorial, and 200 million on television. The concert included performances of hit songs from the reign of Queen Elizabeth II. The event was the culmination of a day of partying. The BBC Music Live Festival also occurred on the day, at 1,00 towns across the United Kingdom had bands play All You Need Is Love before church bells were rung around the country. Also performing was the London cast of the musical We Will Rock You, several newspapers mentioned the absence of The Rolling Stones. The Stones said the event conflicted with their world tour. Some performers brought their own musicians to the concert, the concert was hosted by Lenny Henry and Ben Elton. Between some acts were short comedy segments featuring Meera Syal, Nina Wadia, Ruby Wax, Kermit the Frog and Barry Humphries. The concert began with Brian May performing God Save the Queen on the roof of Buckingham Palace as a solo with support from the orchestra onstage in the Garden far below. This sequence was filmed, including some upward photography of May in full rock god mode. It has become an iconic moment and Brian May himself has said in interview that he hoped that he would strike the last chord at the time as the orchestra in the gardens far below. Once it was finished, said May, the arm and fist went up, ozzy Osbourne recently said in the same interview that this was the greatest moment of his career and pronounced the Queen to be a beautiful woman. S Club 7s performance of Dont Stop Moving was announced as the last time the group would be performing as a septet, the event ended with the Royal Family joining the stars onstage. Prince Charles thanked his mother for her fifty years on the throne, famously beginning his speech with the words, Your Majesty. MUMMY. to the delight of the crowd, following this the Queen and Prince Philip went to light the National Beacon on the Mall
Party at the Palace
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Logo
41.
Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal
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The Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal or the Queens Golden Jubilee Medal was a commemorative medal created in 2002 to mark the fiftieth anniversary of Elizabeth IIs accession. The Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal was awarded in Canada to nominees who contributed to public life, the Queens Golden Jubilee Medal was awarded to active personnel in the British Armed Forces and Emergency Personnel who had completed 5 years of qualifying service. The Canadian and British medals were of different designs, the reverse features a stylised maple leaf with CANADA at the bottom and the years 1952 and 2002 on the left and right of the Royal cypher and crown. Although similar in appearance, it should not be confused with the Queens Gallantry Medal, united Kingdom, The medal is of cupronickel with a gilt finish and shows the Queen wearing St. Both medals are suspended from the same broad royal blue ribbon with red stripes and, at the centre. 94,222 members of the Army received the medal, as did 32,273 in the Royal Navy and Royal Marines, longer serving members of the Royal Household and living holders of the Victoria Cross and the George Cross also received the medal. Some orders of precedence are as follows, The medal was not awarded by New Zealand, however, it was accorded a place in the countrys order of wear to accommodate British citizens who had received the medal in the UK and subsequently joined the New Zealand Defence Force. Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal
Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal
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Monarchies
42.
2002 Golden Jubilee Honours
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The Royal Victorian Order is a dynastic order of knighthood recognising distinguished personal service to the Sovereign, and remains in the personal gift of the monarch. Jeffrey Maurice Sterling, Lord Sterling of Plaistow, C. B. E, lieutenant Colonel Richard Hugh Walter St. George Bodington, M. B. E. Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Iain Campbell Gordon, inspector Thomas Alan Yates, Metropolitan Police Service
2002 Golden Jubilee Honours
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Monarchies
43.
Jubilee Odyssey
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Odyssey is a roller coaster at Fantasy Island in Ingoldmells, England. Built by Vekoma of the Netherlands in 2002, it was named to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II and it is Vekomas tallest example of their Suspended Looping Coaster design in the world. Standing at 167 feet, it is the third tallest roller coaster in the UK, after the Pepsi Max Big One and it has a maximum speed of 63 mph and is capable of forces up to 4. 8g. Original plans for the ride showed a SLC ride 265 feet in height, the plans were scrapped due to complaints from local residents, limiting the height to a maximum of 180. It was opened and ridden on by Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and it was initially sponsored by the chocolate bar Kit Kat, but this association has now ceased. During the 2003 season the restraint design was modified, due to complaints from riders of nipple burn. In September 2005 the trains were returned to Vekoma factories after a breakdown in the form of a restraint connector snapping occurred. The ride received a new scheme in February 2016, with yellow track. Odyssey currently operates only one train, which seats 20 riders in a 2 across in 10 rows formation. It currently costs £4.00 per ride or can be accessed with the Fantasy Island wristband system and it is frequently affected by high winds and will not operate with winds speeds in excess of 25 to 30 mph due to the high risk of the train stalling. Its lift-hill motors and brakes are powered by a £4 million dung-powered generator and its reported construction cost of £28 million is the highest of any roller coaster ever built in the United Kingdom. Its nearest competitor is The Swarm at Thorpe Park, which was completed in 2012 at a cost of £20,000,000, odyssey is the largest SLC in the world. Its 38-metre vertical loop is the highest in the United Kingdom, with a maximum height of 51 metres, it is the third tallest UK roller coaster. Its 43-metre drop is also the third highest in England and its top speed of 63 mph makes it the fourth fastest roller coaster in the UK. It was ranked 209th in Mitch Hawkers Roller Coaster Poll in 2007 and it is also considered amongst coaster enthusiasts as the best SLC Vekoma has ever produced. A year after the opening, the Cobra Roll and Horseshoe were lowered in an attempt to prevent the train stalling. Whilst lowering the track had an impact, the most recent occurrence was during the 2015 pre-season. At the start of the 2016 season it stalled again without passengers, the ride does not operate during certain combinations of high wind speed and direction
Jubilee Odyssey
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Jubilee Odyssey
Jubilee Odyssey
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The Train Sat In The Station
Jubilee Odyssey
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Closed Sign At Entrance To Queue
Jubilee Odyssey
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Jubilee Odyssey's cobra roll and sidewinder inversions
44.
Diamond Jubilee Pageant
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The pageant was to be the first major event of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations for Queen Elizabeth II taking place in 2012. It was to act as a curtain raiser for a programme of Spring, the pageant was a four-day event held in a 3, 000-seat arena the grounds of Windsor Castle in Berkshire, England, taking place on the 10th, 11th, 12th and 13 May 2012. The Queen herself is to attend the days show. The pageant was to be combined with the annual Royal Windsor Horse Show, with the horse show events occurring during the day, and the pageant shows being held in the evening. The theme of the pageant is a combination of the Queens passion for horses, the arena set will feature images of Buckingham Palace in central London. The show will feature military and equestrian displays of riding, as well as dancing and music, the performance is to be hosted by Alan Titchmarsh, with Helen Mirren, Martin Clunes, Sanjeev Bhaskar and Omid Djalili introducing the various acts on stage. The Mounted Band of the Household Cavalry Regiment and the Kings Troop, simon Brooks Ward is the pageants director and producer. Alan Titchmarsh and Angela Rippon are ambassadors for the pageant, the pageant is being privately funded, with surplus monies raised being donated to charity. Tickets for the shows went on sale in November 2011, the event was expected to attract 12,000 spectators. The pageant was broadcast on ITV1 at 18,30 on Sunday 3 June 2012, as a 2-hour programme with the title All the Queens Horses
Diamond Jubilee Pageant
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Diamond Jubilee Pageant
45.
MV Spirit of Chartwell
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MV Spirit of Chartwell is a hotel barge owned and operated by Portuguese holiday company Douro Azul for luxury cruises along the Douro river, Porto, Portugal. The ship was sold in June 2012 to Douro Azul to operate cruises in the Douro river. The ship was formerly a Rhine ship known as Vincent van Gogh and she was refitted as a luxury Thames cruise vessel by the Dutch Kooiman Group in 2009/2010. For the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant in 2012 the vessel was decorated in red, gold and purple. A special warrant was issued by the Secretary of State for Defence to permit Spirit of Chartwell to wear the White Ensign whilst serving as the Royal Barge on 3 June 2012. When the Queen was on board, she flew the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom from the bow. List of river cruise ships Official website Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant
MV Spirit of Chartwell
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History
MV Spirit of Chartwell
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Decorated for the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant
46.
Diamond Jubilee Concert
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The Diamond Jubilee Concert was a concert held on 4 June 2012 outside Buckingham Palace on The Mall in London. The concert was organised by Take That singer-songwriter Gary Barlow and was part of Queen Elizabeth IIs Diamond Jubilee celebrations. The concert was attended by the Queen, who arrived at 9pm. Prince Charles and other members of the family attended the whole concert. After the application period closed, successful applicants were then drawn by random ballot, a total of 1.2 million applications were eventually received,240 for every available pair. The concert took place on bank holiday Monday 4 June as part of the extended weekend celebrations for the Diamond Jubilee, the acts performed on a specially constructed stage, with a canopy, around the Queen Victoria Memorial, in front of the palace. The stage was designed by Mark Fisher, the house band was led by Mike Stevens who was also the Musical Director of the concert using the Take That/Gary Barlow band a few extra musicians and the BBC Concert Orchestra. Performances included one-off collaborations between artists, elton John, Stevie Wonder and Paul McCartney brought their own bands to the concert. Gary Barlow and Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote a song for the jubilee entitled Sing which was performed for the first time at the concert by a choir from many Commonwealth countries, the song draws inspiration from the music and people of the Commonwealth. Its creation was the subject of a one-hour BBC documentary broadcast on 3 June 2012 by BBC One, Concert ticket holders were given access to the palace gardens for an afternoon picnic before the main event. They were served cold hampers with a British themed menu specially designed by Heston Blumenthal, the running order was, Robbie Williams with drummers and trumpeters from the second battalion of the Coldstream Guards – Let Me Entertain You Introduction - Rob Brydon will. i. During the interlude, the Queen arrived, the film was accompanied by the BBC Concert Orchestra, performing an instrumental arrangement of Beautiful Day. Interlude - Lenny Henry Stevie Wonder – Sir Duke, Isnt She Lovely, the concert was broadcast live on BBC One, BBC One HD and BBC Radio 2. American broadcaster ABC showed highlights the following day after as Concert For The Queen and it was later confirmed that the BBCs coverage wouldnt be affected by any strikes. It aired on 5 June on CBC television in Canada, BBC Entertainment showed the concert on 8 June in Latin America. The concert aired from 19,30 until approximately 23,00 UK time, in the UK the programme was seen by an average of 15.32 million viewers on BBC One, peaking near 17 million, making it the 14th highest UK TV audience of 2012. For the ABC broadcast the following aired, will. i, grand Finale - The Queen lit the National Beacon followed by a display of fireworks, during which the melodies of several national hymns were played. Annie Lennoxs participation was listed in the program description yet her appearance did not air, the 5 June show on ABC opened to 6.4 million before rising in the second hour to 7.2 million for an average of 6.8 million viewers for the evening
Diamond Jubilee Concert
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The concert was held at the end of The Mall, directly in front of Buckingham Palace, where a special stage was built.
47.
Royal visits to Australia
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Since 1867, there have been over fifty visits by a member of the Royal Family to Australia, though only six of those came before 1954. Elizabeth II is the reigning monarch of Australia to have set foot on Australian soil. During her sixteen journeys the Queen has visited every Australian state, the first visit was by Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, son of Queen Victoria, in 1867, during his round-the-world voyage. Stops were made at Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane, the Duke was shot by Henry James OFarrell in an assassination attempt while picnicking on the beach in the Sydney suburb of Clontarf, on 12 March 1868. The Duke recovered fully and continued on to New Zealand seven months later, Prince George of Wales, aged 15, visited Australia with his older brother, Prince Albert Victor of Wales, aged 17, in 1881, as midshipmen in training on HMS Bacchante. They arrived at Albany, Western Australia in May, crossed to South Australia in a vessel, travelled overland to Melbourne. In 1901, Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and his wife Alexandra were planning an Empire tour, however, the death of Queen Victoria on 22 January 1901 meant that the couple had to prepare for a coronation in 1902. Consequently, Edwards son Prince George, Duke of Cornwall and York, arriving at Albany, Western Australia, on SS Ophir, they sailed to Melbourne, where he opened the first Australian federal parliament. The royal couple travelled by train to Sydney. They visited Queensland from 20 to 25 May, where they laid the stone of St Johns Cathedral. Edward, Prince of Wales arrived in Victoria on 2 April 1920, representing his father, George V, during the tour in which he was accompanied by Lord Louis Mountbatten, his railway carriage overturned near Bridgetown, Western Australia. However, the Prince remained unharmed, and later made light of the situation, an act which endeared him to Australians, and causing them to give him the nickname the Digger Prince. In 1926, Prince Albert, Duke of York, and wife Elizabeth had their first child, the following year they under took a Royal Tour without the baby. The Duchess of York was, in her own words, very miserable at leaving the baby. Their journey by sea took them via Jamaica, the Panama Canal and the Pacific, Elizabeth fretted constantly over her back in Britain. In New Zealand The Yorks enjoyed the local fishing in the Bay of Islands accompanied by Australian sports fisherman Harry Andreas, when they sailed into Sydney harbour on HMS Renown they attracted Australias first gathering of more than one million people. The principal duty of the Prince on this visit was to open the provisional Parliament House in Canberra and they especially desired to meet returned soldiers, new settlers and school children. On 9 May, Prince Albert reviewed over 2,000 Australian troops with various air squadrons flying overhead, one aircraft, that of Flying Officer Charles Ewan, crashed
Royal visits to Australia
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Elizabeth II reads a speech in Sydney, 1954
Royal visits to Australia
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Victorian Railways Royal Train decorated for the visit of Prince George and his wife Mary in 1901
Royal visits to Australia
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His Royal Highness Edward, Prince of Wales, inspects Boy Scouts, Warwick railway station, Queensland, 1920
Royal visits to Australia
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George VI and wife Queen Elizabeth on the balcony of State Car 4 in Victoria in 1927.
48.
Head of the Commonwealth
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There is no set term of office or term limit and the role itself involves no part in the day-to-day governance of any of the member states within the Commonwealth. By 1949, the then British Commonwealth was a group of eight countries, India, however, desired to become a republic, but not depart the Commonwealth by doing so. This was accommodated by the creation of the title Head of the Commonwealth for the King, the title is currently held by the elder daughter of George VI, Queen Elizabeth II. The title was devised in the London Declaration as a result of discussions at the 1949 Commonwealth Prime Ministers Conference, since 1953, it has formed a part of the monarchs title in each Commonwealth realm. The Head of the Commonwealth or a representative attends the biennial Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting and this is a tradition begun by the monarch on the advice of Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau in 1973, when the CHOGM was first held in Canada. During the summit, the Head of the Commonwealth has a series of meetings with Commonwealth countries leaders, attends a CHOGM reception and dinner. The Queen or a representative is present at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games and on every Commonwealth Day. The Commonwealth Secretariat asserts any successor will be chosen collectively by the Commonwealth heads of government, the Daily Telegraph reported that the post is not hereditary and many leaders want an elected head to make the organisation more democratic. In 1949, King George VI was king of each of the countries that comprised the British Commonwealth, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Ceylon, India. However, the Indian Cabinet desired the country become a republic, when India adopted a republican constitution on 26 January 1950, George VI ceased to be its monarch, but it did regard him as Head of the Commonwealth. Elizabeth II became Head of the Commonwealth on her accession in 1952 and it is an entirely new conception built on the highest qualities of the spirit of man, friendship, loyalty, and the desire for freedom and peace. The following year, a Royal Style and Titles Act was passed in each of the Commonwealth realms, in December 1960, the Queen had a personal flag created to symbolise her as Head of the Commonwealth and not associated with her role as queen of any particular country. Over time, the flag has replaced the British Royal Standard when the Queen visits Commonwealth countries of which she is not head of state, when the Queen visits the headquarters of the Commonwealth Secretariat in London, this personal standard—not any of her royal standards—is raised. Former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney said Elizabeth was a behind the force in ending apartheid in South Africa
Head of the Commonwealth
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Incumbent Queen Elizabeth II since 6 Feb 1952
Head of the Commonwealth
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George VI
Head of the Commonwealth
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Elizabeth II
49.
List of things named after Queen Elizabeth II
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This is a list of places, buildings, roads and other things named for Queen Elizabeth II. It is divided by category, though each items location is noted in the entry, later renamed the Mount Kobau National Observatory, and the 3.81 m main telescope was named in her honor. Named for the royal guests it has hosted, including Queen Elizabeth II. On the wall hangs a mirror given as a gift to President Harry S. Truman by then Princess Elizabeth during her visit in 1951
List of things named after Queen Elizabeth II
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Princess Elizabeth Land, Australian Antarctic Territory
List of things named after Queen Elizabeth II
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The Queen Elizabeth Ranges in the Canadian Rockies
List of things named after Queen Elizabeth II
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View of Queen Elizabeth Park, north of Wellington, New Zealand
List of things named after Queen Elizabeth II
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Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in London, England
50.
Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II
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The Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II is an honour bestowed on female members of the British Royal Family by Queen Elizabeth II. The order is worn on formal occasions, the Royal Family Order depicts a young Queen Elizabeth II in evening dress wearing the ribbon and star of the Order of the Garter. The miniature, painted on ivory, is bordered by diamonds and surmounted by a Tudor Crown in diamonds, the reverse, in silver-gilt, is patterned with rays and depicts the royal cypher and St. Edwards Crown in gold and enamel. The watered silk ribbon is yellow and formed into a bow. It is worn pinned to the dress of the recipient on the left shoulder
Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II
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Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II
Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II
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Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother wearing the insignia of the order.
Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II
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Sophie, Countess of Wessex wearing the order
Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II
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Orders exclusively for women:
51.
Queen's Official Birthday
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The sovereigns birthday was first officially marked in the United Kingdom in 1748, for King George II. In some cases, it is a public holiday, sometimes aligning with the celebration of other events. Most Commonwealth realms release a Queens Birthday Honours list at this time, except in the states of Western Australia and Queensland, Australia observes the Queens Birthday on the second Monday in June. There is no rule to determine this date, though it is usually the last Monday of September or the first Monday of October. Starting in 2016, Queensland celebrates the holiday on the first Monday of October, so that a long weekend coincides with the AFL, the day has been celebrated since 1788, when Governor Arthur Phillip declared a holiday to mark the birthday of the King of Great Britain. Until 1936, it was held on the birthday of the monarch. This has more evenly spaced out public holidays throughout the year, the Queens Birthday weekend and Empire Day were the traditional times for public fireworks displays in Australia. The sale of fireworks to the public was banned in various states through the 1980s, tasmania is the only state and the Northern Territory the only territory to still sell fireworks to the public. The Queens Birthday Honours List, in new members of the Order of Australia. A royal proclamation issued on 5 February 1957 established the Canadian monarchs official birthday as the last Monday before 25 May. The sovereigns birthday had been observed in Canada since 1845, when the parliament of the Province of Canada passed a statute to officially recognize Queen Victorias birthday,24 May. Edward VIII abdicated on 11 December 1936, three days before the birthday of his brother, the new king of Canada, George VI, the King expressed to his ministers his wish that his birthday not be publicly celebrated, in light of the recent circumstances. George VIs official birthday in Canada was thereafter marked on various days between 20 May and 14 June, the two holidays are in law entirely distinct except for being appointed to be observed on the same day, it is a general holiday in Nunavut and New Brunswick. The reigning Canadian monarch has been in Canada for his or her birthday twice. The first time was 20 May 1939, when King George VI was on a coast-to-coast tour of Canada, in 2014, the couple attended a ceremony in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Despite Fiji ceasing to be a Commonwealth realm in 1987, following a military coup détat. That year, the government of Commodore Frank Bainimarama announced the holiday would be abolished. In New Zealand, the holiday is the first Monday in June, celebrations are mainly official, including the Queens Birthday Honours list and military ceremonies
Queen's Official Birthday
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In Jersey, the Lieutenant Governor hosts a reception for the public at Government House to mark the Queen's Official Birthday, at which he announces the names of recipients of Birthday Honours.
Queen's Official Birthday
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Aussie Rules Football Queen's Birthday holiday game, 2011
Queen's Official Birthday
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A bread ticket from the City of Toronto granting the holder one loaf in celebration of the Queen's birthday
Queen's Official Birthday
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King George VI in Ottawa, Ontario, on his official birthday, 1939
52.
Flags of Elizabeth II
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Queen Elizabeth II has and has had a variety of flags to represent her personally and as head of state of 16 independent nations around the world. They are usually used on any building, ship, car and these heraldic flags are usually a nations coat of arms in banner form. Princess Elizabeths personal standard prior to her accession as queen was her coat of arms in banner form and this consisted of four quarters consisting of the Lion for England, Unicorn for Scotland, and Harp for Northern Ireland. Upon the death of her father, Princess Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth II and this flag is used to represent the queen not only in the United Kingdom but also overseas when she makes state visits. It is the arms in banner form undifferentiated. Queen Elizabeth IIs personal flag is used on any building, ship, car and it is often used to represent Elizabeth in her role as Head of the Commonwealth or as monarch of a Commonwealth realm in which she does not possess a unique flag. This flag was created in 1960 and first used in 1961 for the Queens visit to India, the flag bears the crowned letter E in gold, surrounded by a garland of gold roses on a blue background, with a golden fringe. The crown is a symbol of the Queens rank and dignity, the emblem appears in the Queens personal flags of Australia, Barbados, Jamaica, Canada, and New Zealand. The flag was created upon the Queens request in December 1960 to symbolise her as an individual, eventually, the practice evolved wherein the flag is raised at Marlborough House in London when the Queen visits, rather than the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom. Since the 1960s, flags have been introduced to represent the queen in various commonwealth realms and these flags have followed the same basic pattern, the nations coat of arms in banner form with the device found on her personal flag. These flags are used by the Queen when she was in their respective countries. The Queens representatives in these nations have their own flags to represent them
Flags of Elizabeth II
53.
Royal Journey
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Released in December 1951, Royal Journey is also notable for being the first commercial feature film in Eastmancolor. Royal Journey also shows the royal couple crossing the Rocky Mountains by rail, in Vancouver, they board HMCS Crusader in Vancouver and attend native dances in Thunderbird Park. The action then shifts to the U. S. where they are welcomed by President Harry S. Truman. Royal Journey was directed by David Bairstow, Gudrun Parker and Roger Blais and it received a Canadian Film Award for best theatrical feature-length documentary and was named best documentary film of 1952 at the British Academy Film Awards. A Queen Is Crowned Royal Journey at the Internet Movie Database Ohayon, Royal Journey, The National Film Boards first major hit
Royal Journey
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Monarchies
54.
Elizabeth R: A Year in the Life of the Queen
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Elizabeth R is a 1992 television documentary film about Queen Elizabeth II. It was produced by the BBC and directed by Edward Mirzoeff and it was the second officially approved documentary about the British royal family since 1969s Royal Family. Elizabeth R was followed by the BBC-RDF documentary Monarchy, The Royal Family at Work in 2007, the film was produced by BBC to mark the 40th anniversary of the Queens accession. The director and producer was Edward Mirzoeff, the writers of the screenplay were Mirzoeff and Antony Jay, who also wrote the script of the 1969 royal documentary, Royal Family. The program was narrated by Ian Holm and Rachel Portmans music was composed for the film. The filming took place over 18 months, before its public air, the Royal Family watched it and approved its broadcasting. The format of the 110-minute film is color and NTSC, a VHS video of the program was released in 1992. The script of the program was published as a book with the same title. The film was aired on 6 February 1992, the 40th Accession Day of the Queen and it was aired on PBS in the US on 16 November 1992. It contains a range of royal activities by the Queen in 1991. It shows royal family gatherings, her visit to the United States, a pony ride with her grandchildren at Balmoral Castle. It also displays meetings of the Queen with a number of significant political figures, including Francesco Cossiga, Edward Heath, Ronald Reagan, the Queen is also depicted with her mother, Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, on Derby Day at Epsom in the film. The film mostly received positive reviews, including those from the Queen herself, the Queen organized a party for the crew at Buckingham Palace after watching the film before its public broadcast. It gained the largest audience for a documentary in the history of British television and was watched by more than half of the British population in 1992. Robert Hardman of the Spectator argued that Antony Jay, the script writer, however, Jeff Silverman of Variety said that the film did not refer to any familial troubles and added God save the queen, the BBC couldnt. Its video version became one of the fastest selling video in the United Kingdom the same year, amazon customers rated its video 4.5 out of 5. In February 2016 its IMDb rate is 8.5 out of 10 based on 20 reviews
Elizabeth R: A Year in the Life of the Queen
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Monarchies
55.
Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work
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Monarchy, The Royal Family at Work is a fly on the wall documentary TV series made by the BBC and RDF Media which follows the British Royal Family over the course of a year. The Queen prepares for a visit to the United States. Before leaving for the US, the Queen has a session with Annie Leibovitz. A state banquet is held at Buckingham Palace for the President of Ghana, the Queen takes part in her annual birthday parade and an investiture ceremony where Steven Gerrard and Penelope Keith are among those to receive an honour. The episode also looks at the workings of the Monarchys headquarters, Buckingham Palace. Just a few weeks before he resigns, Prime Minister Tony Blair, back in London, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, briefs the Queen in advance of his budget speech. The palace prepares for the State Opening of Parliament, as the Royal coachmen repair and clean their 100-year-old uniforms, in Estonia, British Ambassador Nigel Haywood is getting ready for the Queens first ever tour of the Baltic states. The Queen presides over the annual Royal Garden Party, for which every invitation is written by hand, One of the guests at the Garden Party is Pearl Mitchell from Northern Ireland, who nervously prepares to meet the Queen. Following the Garden Party, the Queen visits a Hindu Temple and has a feast of Kashmiri delicacies, in Northumberland, The Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall have tea with an organic farming family. Meanwhile, The Duke of Edinburgh travels to the opening of the Emirates Stadium. The Prince of Wales, The Princess Royal, The Duke of York, Prince William makes coffee and breakfast for residents at an London inner-city hostel and Prince Harry attends a strategy meeting for Sentebale. At the palace, the Keeper of the Privy Purse, Sir Alan Reid, at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, the Queen and other members of the Royal Family attend Prince Williams passing out parade. On 11 July 2007, the controller of BBC One, Peter Fincham, told journalists at the BBC1 new season launch that the trailer showed the Queen losing it a bit and walking out in a huff. However, the clip which appeared to show the Queen abruptly leaving in an agitated mood was actually of her entering the shoot, the next day, the BBC issued a statement which pointed out the error and formally apologised to the Queen. Both Fincham and the Chief Creative Officer of RDF Media, Stephen Lambert, resigned as a result of the controversy
Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work
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Region 2 DVD cover
56.
The Diamond Queen (TV programme)
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The Diamond Queen is a landmark BBC documentary series, presented by Andrew Marr, which looks at the life of Queen Elizabeth II. The series focuses on her accession, her routine, how she is seen as a role model. The programme features archive footage of the Queen, as well as footage of her major engagements since the beginning of 2010 to late 2011. The Diamond Queen series reached an audience of 7.2 million UK viewers for the first episode and 6.5 and 6.8 million for the next episodes. It achieved an Audience Appreciation Index of 90 out of 100 for each episode, the series has since been broadcast around the world. The documentary was criticised by the campaign group Republic, graham Smith, the organisations chief executive, argued in a letter to the chairman of the BBC Trust, the Lord Patten of Barnes, that the programme breached BBC guidelines on impartiality. A BBC spokeswoman responded that The BBC abides by its requirement to be duly impartial across its output
The Diamond Queen (TV programme)
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The Diamond Queen
57.
A Question of Attribution
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A Question of Attribution is a 1988 one-act stage play, written by Alan Bennett. It was premièred at the National Theatre, London in December 1988, the two plays are collectively called Single Spies. The one-act play formed the basis of a 1991 television film of the same name broadcast as part of the BBCs Screen One series. The film was directed by John Schlesinger and stars James Fox as Anthony Blunt, David Calder as Chubb, an MI5 officer, the film was produced by long-time Bennett collaborator Innes Lloyd, and is dedicated to his memory. The New York Times called the film a razor-sharp psychological melodrama, Prunella Scales was nominated for Best Actress. The play and subsequent film is based on Anthony Blunts role in the Cambridge Spy Ring and, as Surveyor of the Queens Pictures, personal art advisor to Queen Elizabeth II. It portrays his interrogation by MI5 officers, his work researching and conserving art works, his work at the Courtauld Institute, Bennett described the piece as an inquiry in which the circumstances are imaginary but the pictures are real. As Blunts public exposure as a spy in 1979 draws near, at the end of the film, the time of Blunts exposure, Blunt tells Chubb that X-rays had revealed the presence of a fourth and fifth man. One of the sub-texts in the scene with the Queen is whether or not Her Majesty knew that Blunt was a former Soviet spy. They briefly discuss the Dutch Vermeer forger Han van Meegeren, and how his paintings now look like fakes, but were accepted as genuine in the 1940s, after she has left and an assistant asks what they were talking about, Blunt replies I was talking about art. Im not sure that she was, James Fox - Sir Anthony Blunt David Calder - Chubb Geoffrey Palmer - Donleavy Prunella Scales - H. M. Q. Cambridge Spies, a 2003 BBC TV play about the Cambridge Ring, a Question of Attribution at the Internet Movie Database BBC profile of John Schlesinger, retrieved 17 January 2006
A Question of Attribution
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Monarchies
58.
The Regina Monologues
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The Regina Monologues is the fourth episode of The Simpsons fifteenth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 23,2003 and it was written by John Swartzwelder, and directed by Mark Kirkland. The episode sees the Simpson family travel to the United Kingdom for vacation, there, they meet several celebrities including Tony Blair, Evan Marriott, Ian McKellen and J. K. Rowling, who all appear as themselves. Later, Homer gets arrested and locked in the Tower of London for accidentally crashing into the Queens carriage, meanwhile, Abraham Simpson journeys to find Edwina, his long lost love, who is voiced by Jane Leeves. Mr. Burns withdraws a $1000 bill from an ATM, but he drops it and an updraft carries it away to the Simpsons house, Marge makes Bart and Homer put up fliers so that the person who lost the bill can reclaim it. No one can describe it correctly so Lisa suggests that they spend the money on a vacation, after realizing he can make money from the bill, Bart displays it in a museum in his tree house. Mr. Burns visits and reclaims his money, forcing Bart to close his museum, however, Bart has made over $3000 from the museum so they decide to spend the money on a vacation for Marge. Abraham Simpson suggests they go to Britain, where he hopes to meet his long-lost love Edwina. During World War II, he made love to her after claiming he was going out to the front lines the next day, upon their arrival in London the family is greeted by the Prime Minister, Tony Blair, whom Homer mistakes for Mr. Bean. They visit Londons tourist attractions, and later meet J. K. Rowling, grampa tries to contact Edwina whilst Bart and Lisa go on a sugar rush after discovering the joys of British candy. Homer and Marge rent a Mini Cooper and start to drive around London, after literally driving in circles for hours, Homer decides to break out of it, plows straight through the gates of Buckingham Palace and slams into Queen Elizabeth IIs horse-drawn carriage. Homer is put on trial for causing harm to the Queen as well as wrecking her carriage, the Queen, highly offended, demands that he be executed. He is taken away to the Tower of London to await his execution, the rest of the family call him from outside and Lisa tells him that he can use a secret tunnel that Sir Walter Raleigh built to escape. However, the tunnel leads straight into the Queens bedroom, Homer pleads with the Queen to find it in her heart to forgive him and she allows him to leave the country on the condition that he take Madonna back to America with him. As they prepare to leave, Edwina appears and introduces Abe to her daughter Abbie Simpson, fearing that he is most likely the father, Abe runs away quickly to the plane. The Regina Monologues is the last regular episode written by longtime Simpsons writer John Swartzwelder, the episode was directed by Mark Kirkland. The plot of Homer hitting the Queens carriage was recycled from a script that previous Simpsons showrunning team Al Jean. In that script, Dorothy Zbornak was injured after a collision with Mother Teresas car, Tony Blair recorded his part for the episode in April 2003, in ten minutes at Downing Street
The Regina Monologues
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It took eight months of negotiation to get Tony Blair to guest star.
The Regina Monologues
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"The Regina Monologues"
59.
Churchill: The Hollywood Years
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Churchill, The Hollywood Years is a 2004 film, directed by Peter Richardson. It stars Christian Slater as Winston Churchill, and Neve Campbell as Elizabeth II, miranda Richardson and Antony Sher also co star. The film is a satire on the Hollywood take on history, such as U-571, in this parody, the British court and war government consist mainly of idiots and traitors. Adolf Hitler moves into Buckingham Palace and plans to marry into the Windsors, mainly filmed at the Royal William Yard, Stonehouse, Plymouth Oldway Mansion doubles as Buckingham Palace Powderham castle, Exeter The old fish quay at Brixham, Devon doubles as Plymouth Docks. The taxi driver and the King mistake Adolf Hitler for Charlie Chaplin, the Siegfried Line rap takes its title and some of its lyrics from the British wartime song Were Going to Hang out the Washing on the Siegfried Line. The introduction to the song is a reference to Top Gun, the song Hitler Has Only Got One Ball is frequently referenced, including once where it is delivered by Tommy Trinder. The presence of Irish Cockneys is a reference to the passengers in Titanic. Churchills final exit in a Spitfire references the portrayal of the American contribution to the Battle of Britain early in the film Pearl Harbor, brian Perkins commentary on Hitler and Elizabeths wedding is a parody of Richard Dimblebys hushed radio commentaries of royal events. Eva Braun is shown listening to the end of an episode of The Archers, even though it did not start until six years after the war ended
Churchill: The Hollywood Years
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UK Theatrical release poster
60.
The Queen (film)
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The Queen is a 2006 British drama film depicting the British Royal Familys response to the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, on 31 August 1997. The film was directed by Stephen Frears, written by Peter Morgan, in the film, the Royal Family regards Dianas death as a private affair and thus not to be treated as an official Royal death. This is in contrast with the views of Tony Blair and Dianas ex-husband, Prince Charles, matters are further complicated by the media, royal protocol regarding Dianas official status, and wider issues about Republicanism. The films release coincided with a revival of public sentiment in respect to the monarchy. Michael Sheen reprised his role as Blair from The Deal, the Queen also garnered general critical and popular acclaim for Mirren in the title role, which earned her numerous awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actress. Mirren was also praised by the Queen herself and invited to dinner at Buckingham Palace, in the 1997 general election, Tony Blair becomes Britains newly elected prime minister. Queen Elizabeth II is wary of Blair and his pledge to modernise Britain, three months later, Diana, Princess of Wales dies in a car crash at the Alma Bridge tunnel in Paris. Blairs director of communications, Alastair Campbell, writes a speech, the phrase catches on and millions of people display an outpouring of grief at Buckingham and Kensington Palaces. They argue that Dianas funeral arrangements are thus best left as an affair of her noble family. In London, flowers begin to pile up before the palace railings, British tabloids become inflammatory about the lack of a statement from the royal family. Charles leaves no doubt that he shares Blairs views about the need for a statement, as the royal familys popularity plummets, Blairs approval rises, to the delight of his anti-monarchist advisers and wife, Cherie. However, Blair, unconcerned about his increase in political popularity, while disagreeing with the Queens course of action, Blair begins to develop an admiration for her. Blair tells his wife that a republican Britain is ludicrous and begins to denounce the anti-monarchical views of his Labour Party advisers, Blairs recommendations outrage several members of the royal family including Prince Philip and the Queen Mother, who views such steps as an undignified surrender to public hysteria. The Queen shares their feelings but believes there has been a shift in public values. The Queen Mother dismisses the idea by saying that she is one of the greatest assets the monarchy has ever had, stating, meanwhile, Philip tries to distract William and Harry from Dianas death by taking them deer stalking. While venturing out alone in her Land Rover, the Queen damages it crossing a river and is forced to telephone for assistance, the Queen weeps in frustration, but catches sight of a majestic red deer which Philip had been stalking with William and Harry. The Queen is struck by his beauty and the two stare at each other, hearing a distant gunshot and fearing the deer will be shot, the Queen shoos the animal away and decides to carry out Blairs recommendations. The royal family returns to London to inspect the floral tributes to Diana
The Queen (film)
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Teaser poster
The Queen (film)
61.
Minions (film)
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Minions is a 2015 American 3D computer-animated comedy film, serving as a spin-off/prequel to the Despicable Me franchise. Produced by Illumination Entertainment for Universal Pictures, it was directed by Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda, written by Brian Lynch, and produced by Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy. The film stars the voices of Coffin, Sandra Bullock, Jon Hamm, Michael Keaton, Allison Janney, Steve Coogan, and Jennifer Saunders with the narration provided by Geoffrey Rush. It was first foreshadowed in the end credits of Despicable Me 2, where Kevin, Stuart, Minions had its premiere on June 11,2015, in Leicester Square, London, and went into general release in the United States on July 10,2015. The film has grossed over $1.1 billion worldwide, making it the 11th highest-grossing film of all time, the 2nd highest-grossing animated film, a sequel is announced to be released on July 3,2020. Minions are small, yellow creatures who have existed since the beginning of time, after many years, the Minions become depressed, restless and unmotivated without a master to serve. To regain their dignity and sense of purpose, Kevin, one fearless Minion, decides to set out to find a new master, Stuart, a musically inclined Minion and Bob, a young and inexperienced but enthusiastic Minion, are recruited. The trio journey to New York where the year is 1968, the trio manage to hitchhike a ride with a family of villains called the Nelsons and impress them with their accidental villainy. Once at the convention, they see Scarlet Overkill, the first female supervillain and they make their way to England to find Kevin, Bob, and Stuart. Enraged by this, Scarlet confronts the Minions, and Bob abdicates in her favor, Making their way to Westminster Abbey, the three of them interrupt the coronation by accidentally dropping a chandelier on Scarlet, who immediately orders their execution. Dozens of villains chase them and Bob and Stuart are caught while Kevin finds his way into a pub and he sees Scarlet on a television, promising that she will kill Stuart and Bob if Kevin doesnt show up by dawn. Kevin sneaks into Scarlets home to weapons, but inadvertently triggers a machine Herb was building. He tramples through London, rescuing his friends just as the other Minions reunite with them, Scarlet tries to eradicate them, but Kevin swallows a massive missile she fires at them. Scarlet and Herb attempt to escape with her rocket-dress, but Kevin holds onto it, the missile detonates, apparently killing Kevin and the Overkills. After the Minions briefly mourn him, Kevin reappears, having returned to his normal size, Bob gives his crown to the frozen Scarlet, as the Minions see Gru as their new potential master and give chase to follow him home. Sandra Bullock as Scarlet Overkill, a female supervillain. On August 21,2012, it was announced that the film would be released on December 19,2014, in February 2013, Sandra Bullock joined the cast to voice Scarlet Overkill, with Jon Hamm joining two months later as her husband Herb Overkill. The official soundtrack for the film was released on July 10,2015, the soundtrack also features the films original music, composed by Heitor Pereira
Minions (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Minions (film)
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Minions peluches at the Romics 2015.
62.
The Queen and I (novel)
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The Queen and I is a 1992 novel/play written by Sue Townsend. Barker, as the new Prime Minister, transforms Britain into a republic, in Hellebore Close, the new home of the Royal Family, they learn to cope with the normal day of ordinary people. The Queen is visited by a worker but refuses to let her in. She learns how to use a zip or buttons and that five hours of waiting to see a doctor in a hospital is not unusual. She gets to know that living with a small pensioners income is hard, on the whole, the Queen quickly learns to cope with the situation and later does not want to go back to Buckingham Palace because of all the duties that would await her there. On the other hand, her husband Philip cannot cope with the situation and he refuses to eat, is annoyed by sharing a bed with his wife and would like to be anywhere but in Hellebore Close. Charles, former Prince of Wales, discovers his love for gardening. While he and his wife Diana, Princess of Wales, begin affairs with their neighbours, their children, William and Harry, later Charles is imprisoned and sentenced for attacking a police officer, a crime he did not actually commit. His sister Anne takes up with a local handyman, Prince Andrew, Duke of York, is briefly mentioned to be serving aboard a submarine under the Arctic ice cap. Their neighbours, who are at first sceptical, eventually include the family in their society. Although the Queen Mum is the oldest, she learns very fast how to cope with the new situation and her death shakes the whole neighbourhood and everyone takes part in her cheap, but solemn funeral. A disgruntled fishmonger and his wife start a campaign to Bring Our Monarch Back, Jack Barker and his so-called “Kitchen Cabinet” make very expensive promises to the voters, e. g. raising pensions or renewing schools, and soon get into trouble with foreign creditors. After talks with the Japanese Emperor, Barker announces that Britain is to part of the Japanese Empire. In return, all repayments to Japan are suspended indefinitely and this agreement is sealed by the marriage of the Emperors daughter Sayako to Edward, the Queen’s youngest son. It is then revealed that the story was a nightmare. The Queen wakes to find that the Conservatives have won the Election instead, as indeed actually happened, in 2006 a sequel, Queen Camilla, was published, in which the royal family still live in Hell Close and Jack Barker is still in power. Edward is absent for most of the novel, being in New Zealand producing a play and he appears at the end of the book when he is forced into marrying the Japanese Princess Sakeyo. Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon Harris, the Queens corgi, tony Threadgold, The Queens new neighbor
The Queen and I (novel)
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First edition
63.
Queen Camilla
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Queen Camilla is a novel by the British author Sue Townsend. It was published in the UK on 26 October 2006 by Penguin Books and is a sequel to her novel The Queen, most of the Hell Close neighbours from the earlier novel are also in the subsequent book. The Fez is the private fiefdom of scaffolding magnate Arthur Grice, Prince Williams employer, Grice fancies himself a grand-scale public benefactor, he often wonders why most Fez residents dismiss him as little more than the self-aggrandising businessman he is. He lobbies the Queen for a knighthood, which she cannot grant him, the Exclusion Zones are the worst sign of the authoritarian country Britain has become, with almost lock-down security in the Fez. Jack Barker, Cromwell Party leader and Prime Minister, is exhausted after 13 years in office, the New Conservative Party elects Boy English as its new leader, Boy promises to restore the monarchy. The Queen, now 80, does not want to return to public life, one reason, the Duke of Edinburgh, her husband, suffered a debilitating stroke two years earlier, and is now being cared for in a nursing-home in another part of the Fez. With the Queens abdication, the Prince of Wales will now become King Charles III - but Camilla will only be his consort, Charles refuses to become King unless Camilla is his Queen. Prince William then offers, too eagerly for the Queens liking, Charles consults his friend, MP Nicholas Soames, who tells him there is no constitutional reason Camilla cannot become his Queen. Enter Graham Cracknall, who claims to be the son of Charles and Camilla and his adoptive parents revealed his biological parentage in a codicil to their will, opened only after both had died. Graham visits Charles and Camilla, the family takes an instant dislike to him - particularly after he claims that he. Graham then attracts the attention of a mysterious lady named Miranda - who. On learning of the New Con ruse, the enraged Graham goes to the Daily Telegraph with his story, he is not believed, causes a disturbance when thrown out, and ends up in Rampton Hospital. The New Cons win the election, restoring the monarchy as promised, but the Queen follows through on her decision to abdicate, the other members of the Royal Family, including Queen Camilla, spend part of each day talking with tourists. There are several inconsistencies between the two novels, among them, The fate of the Imperial State Crown, destroyed in The Queen, the death of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. The character was killed off in The Queen and I, set in 1992, yet in Queen Camilla she is said to have lived to the age of 101, as she did in real life. In The Queen and I Jack Barker effectively sells Britain to the Japanese, accordingly, the marriage of Prince Edward to the daughter of the Emperor of Japan is forgotten and the character is married to his real-life wife, Sophie. Tony Threadgolds name is changed to Vince, and he and Beverley apparently now only have one child, Aaron and they also now live next door to Charles and Camilla instead of the Queen. In The Queen and I Prince Charles goes on the run after escaping from prison, no explanation is given for his return to Hell Close
Queen Camilla
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First edition (publ. Michael Joseph)
64.
The Uncommon Reader
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The Uncommon Reader is a novella by Alan Bennett. After appearing first in the London Review of Books, Vol.29,5, it was published later the same year in book form by Faber & Faber and Profile Books. An audiobook version read by the author was released on CD in 2007, the titles uncommon reader becomes obsessed with books after a chance encounter with a mobile library. The story follows the consequences of this obsession for the Queen, her household and advisers, the title is a play on the phrase common reader. This can mean a person who reads for pleasure, as opposed to a critic or scholar and it can also mean a set text, a book that everyone in a group are expected to read, so that they can have something in common. A Common Reader is used by Virginia Woolf as the work of her 1925 essay collection. Plus a triple play – Virginia Woolfs title came from Dr, in British English, common holds levels of connotation. A commoner is anyone other than royalty or nobility, Common can also mean vulgar, as common taste, mean, as common thief, or ordinary, as common folk. Several authors, books and poems are mentioned in the novella including, J. R. M. Forster The Complete Review John Craces Digested Read The Uncommon Reader publishers page
The Uncommon Reader
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A First edition of the novel
65.
Machin series
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The Machin series /ˈmeɪtʃɪn/ of postage stamps is the main definitive stamp series in the United Kingdom, used since 5 June 1967. It is the series to figure the image of Elizabeth II. Designed by Arnold Machin, they consist simply of the profile of the Queen and a denomination. After four decades of service, the series has encompassed almost all changes and this has been encouraging an abundant specialised philatelic collectors market and associated literature. Arnold Machins 1964 effigy of the Queen was replaced on British coins in 1984 by an effigy by Raphael Maklouf. However, the effigy on British stamps has never been updated, since the accession of Elizabeth II in 1952, the definitive series figured a three-quarter photograph of the Queen by Dorothy Wilding. The same effigy had appeared on commemorative stamps too, however, the Wilding design did not please some artists. In a letter of April 1961, Michael Goaman and Faith Jacques argued that it represented the Queen and they complained it embarrassed the commemorative stamps designers because the photograph took up one third of the stamps area and it imposed a perspective on a two-dimensional design. Some new designs were discussed but concerns over the technical aspects delayed a full competition for artists until 1965, in 1966 Gentleman created a small single-coloured profile from a coin by Mary Gillick. The first essays were submitted by Andrew Restall and Arnold Machin with Harrison and they worked from photographs by Anthony Buckley, then from ones by Lord Snowdon, the Queens brother-in-law. Machin had just finished work on the new coins based on the photographers pictures. Arnold Machins method was to sculpt a bas-relief in clay and moulds, the printing essays were then done by Harrisons & Sons from photographs of the sculpture, completed with the additions and adornments by designer Machin. Quickly, he decided to simplify the effigy with just the Queen wearing a tiara, yet these flowers were also dropped, Machins design would eventually have only the Queens profile and the value of the stamp. In March 1966, the Stamp Advisory Committee decided to make new photographs of the Queen available to Gentleman and they were taken by John Hedgecoe on the following 22 June. Elizabeth II selected the pictures to be given to the artists, during the second period of 1966, Machin replaced the tiara with the George IV State Diadem on request of the SAC, the same diadem as was previously seen on the Penny Black. The Queen asked for a corsage at the bottom of her sculpted neck, the final sculpture is a rectangle of plaster,16 inches long and 14 inches wide, kept in a London-based British Postal Museum & Archive vault. The last adjustments to the final image and to the lighting during photography created four effigies. They were unveiled to philatelists on the stamps, the first ones issued 5 June 1967
Machin series
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The 4d bright vermilion of 1969 replaced the dark-coloured 4d of the original 1967 issue.
Machin series
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Postally used Machins showing ellipsoidal shear panels.
66.
Queen Elizabeth II domestic rate stamp (Canada)
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The Queen Elizabeth II domestic rate stamp is a definitive stamp issued by Canada Post, and bearing the image of Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada. Seven versions of the stamp have been issued since 2003, Canada has depicted its sovereigns on stamps since 1851, that tradition continues into the present day. Since 1939, the image of Queen Elizabeth II has appeared on 59 stamps issued in Canada, most of them definitives. Canada Post spokesperson Cindy Daoust was quoted as stating that stamps bearing the image of the Queen now outsells other stamps, ten to one, whether its a commemorative edition or definitive one. Canada Post issued this stamp partly at the urging of the Monarchist League of Canada, the informal portrait was a break from the tradition of using official portraits or effigies of monarchs on Canadian stamps. Bryan Adams said of his picture as a glimpse of the real person, the thing that made this photo win out, was her charming smile. It is a one in a million and this stamp was released again on December 20,2004, as a 50 cent domestic with a blue wash, chosen to contrast with the colour of the previous stamp. As a security measure, but also to provide greater depth of colour, the new series included a Queen stamp, which used a colour image taken during her tour to celebrate the centennials of Saskatchewan and Alberta. A P in the lower right-hand corner appears instead of a value to indicate it is good for the basic domestic letter rate. The second version of stamp was issued on December 27,2007, featuring an image of the Queen during her 2005 visit to Saskatchewan
Queen Elizabeth II domestic rate stamp (Canada)
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2004 50 cent stamp
Queen Elizabeth II domestic rate stamp (Canada)
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Monarchies
Queen Elizabeth II domestic rate stamp (Canada)
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2006 Permanent stamp
67.
Queen Elizabeth's corgis
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Pembroke Welsh Corgis are famed for being the preferred breed of Queen Elizabeth II, who has owned more than 30 during her reign. These dogs have been favoured by the British Royal Family for more than seventy years, in 2007, Queen Elizabeth II had five corgis, Monty, Emma, Linnet, Willow and Holly. During the 2012 Olympic opening ceremony, Monty, Willow and Holly made an appearance when James Bond arrived at Buckingham Palace to escort the Queen to the event, Monty had previously belonged to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, and died soon after in September 2012. The royal corgis are known all across the world and have portrayed in many ways such as statues. For example, the coin which commemorated the Queens Golden Jubilee shows her with a corgi. The Queen has been fond of corgis since she was a small child. King George VI brought home Dookie in 1933, a photograph from George VIs photo album shows a ten-year-old Elizabeth with Dookie at Balmoral. Princess Elizabeth and her sister Princess Margaret would feed Dookie by hand from a dish held by a footman, the other early favourite corgi during the same time was Jane. Elizabeth IIs mother, at that time Queen Elizabeth, introduced a disciplined regimen for the dogs, each was to have its own wicker basket, meals were served for each dog in its own dish, the diet approved by veterinary experts with no tidbits from the royal table. A proprietary brand of dog biscuits was served in the morning. Extra biscuits were handed out for celebrations and rewards, crackers was one of the Queen Mothers corgis, and nearly a constant companion, he retired with the Queen Mother to the Castle of Mey in Scotland. In 1944, Elizabeth was given Susan as a gift on her 18th birthday, Susan accompanied Elizabeth on her honeymoon in 1947. The corgis owned by the Queen are descended from Susan, Rozavel Sue, daughter of Rozavel Lucky Strike, an international champion, was one of the Queens corgis in the early 1950s. The Queen has owned over thirty corgis since her accession to the thrones of the United Kingdom, Sugar was the nursery pet of Prince Charles and Princess Anne. In 1955, her pups, Whisky and Sherry, were surprise Christmas gifts from the Queen to the Prince, pictured with the royal family, the corgi Sugar made the cover of The Australian Womens Weekly on 10 June 1959. Sugars twin, Honey, belonged to the Queen Mother, Honey took midday runs with Johnny and Pippin, Princess Margarets corgis, heather was born in 1962 and became one of the Queens favourites. Heather was the mother of Tiny, Bushy, and Foxy, Foxy gave birth to Brush in 1969, the corgis enjoy a privileged life in Buckingham Palace. They reside in the Corgi Room, and continue to sleep in elevated wicker baskets, the Queen tends to the corgis in her kennel herself
Queen Elizabeth's corgis
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The Queen Mother Memorial bronze on The Mall, by Paul Day, shows her with two corgis.
68.
Estimate (horse)
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Estimate is an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse who won the Queens Vase at Royal Ascot as a three-year-old. As a four-year-old she won the Sagaro Stakes before returning to Royal Ascot to win the Gold Cup and she is owned by Queen Elizabeth II and trained by Sir Michael Stoute. In 2014 she tested positive to morphine in a post race drugs test and was disqualified from second place in the Gold Cup, Estimate is a bay filly bred by the Aga Khans Studs and foaled on 4 April 2009. She was sired by Monsun, who won the Europa Preis twice and he was also a successful stallion, siring Shirocco, Manduro and Stacelita. Estimates dam is Ebaziya, a daughter of Darshaan, Ebaziya was trained by John Oxx and won three Listed races in Ireland, including the Ballysax Stakes. The 2009 produce of Ebaziya was made available to Queen Elizabeth II as part of an 80th birthday present from the Aga Khan and she was sent to German sire Monsun, resulting Estimate. She is the 14th and last foal foal of Ebaziya and one of her eight winning offspring, estimates half-brother, Enzeli, also won the Gold Cup in 1999. Estimate is trained by Sir Michael Stoute, estimates only race as a two-year-old was a maiden over eight and a half furlongs at Leicester. She was slowly away at the start and raced in the rear for most of the race and she made a few places up near the end of the race and finished in seventh, about eight lengths behind winner Esentepe. Esentepe went on to win the Nell Gwyn Stakes the following season, Estimate started her three-year-old career in a twelve furlong maiden at Salisbury. She started the race at the price of 12/1 and was positioned in the middle of the pack by jockey Pat Dobbs and she took the lead with over one furlong left to run and stayed on to win by two and three quarters of a length from Mysterious Man. Despite only winning a maiden she started as the 3/1 favourite for the Queens Vase at Royal Ascot, Estimate was ridden by Ryan Moore for the first time, who placed her in the middle of the field. She began to move through the field three furlongs out and took the two out. At the end of the race she pulled clear to win by five lengths from Athens, ed De Gas was a further length and a half behind in third place, with Macbeth in fourth. At Glorious Goodwood she contested the Lillie Langtry Stakes, in the closing stages she was unable to catch leader Wild Coco and was just overtaken by Jehannedarc in the final few yards, finishing third, about three lengths behind winner Wild Coco. Estimate faced Wild Coco again in the Park Hill Stakes in September and she pulled three lengths clear with one furlong left to run, but was overhauled by Wild Coco and Hazel Lavery, eventually finishing third, one and three quarter lengths behind winner Wild Coco. In the Sagaro Stakes, Estimate followed the leaders until making her challenge in the stages of the race. She took the lead one furlong out and won by one, in June she returned to Ascot for the Royal meeting and contested the Ascot Gold Cup, her first attempt at Group 1 level
Estimate (horse)
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Estimate's regular jockey Ryan Moore
Estimate (horse)
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Racing silks of the Queen
69.
Height of Fashion (horse)
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Height of Fashion was French-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare. Owned and bred by Queen Elizabeth II, was undefeated in her three races as a two-year-old in 1981, winning the Acomb Stakes, May Hill Stakes and Fillies Mile. In the following year she added a win in the Lupe Stakes before a victory in the Princess of Waless Stakes. She ran poorly in her two remaining races and was retired to stud at the end of the season, Height of Fashion proved to be an exceptional broodmare, producing the major stakes winners Unfuwain, Nashwan and Nayef. She died in Kentucky in 2000, Height of Fashion was a massive bay mare bred by her owner Queen Elizabeth II. Her dam Highclere won the 1000 Guineas and the Prix de Diane for the Queen in 1974, apart from Height of Fashion and her descendants she was also the ancestor of the Japanese champion Deep Impact. The filly was sent into training with Dick Hern at West Ilsley in Berkshire, Height of Fashion began her racing career in the Acomb Stakes at York Racecourse. Racing against colts, she won from Ashenden with Count Pahlen in third place and was ridden by Lester Piggott, after the race, Hern described the winner as a grand filly who closely resembled her dam Highclere. She was then moved up to Group Three class for the May Hill Stakes at Doncaster and was ridden to victory by the veteran Joe Mercer at odds of 4/6, Mercer was again the jockey when Height of Fashion ran next in the Hoover Fillies Mile at Ascot Racecourse. She started at odds of 15/8 and completed an undefeated first season by beating the Waterford Candelabra Stakes winner Stratospheric, Height of Fashion began her second season in the Lupe Stakes at Goodwood Racecourse in May. She was hampered when Devon Air fell directly in front of her and she was considered a contender for the Oaks Stakes but bypassed the race as it was felt that she would be unsuited to the course at Epsom. The filly did not run again until July when she ran against colts and she was made the 4/1 second favourite behind Ardross, an outstanding stayer who had won the last two runnings of the Ascot Gold Cup. Ridden by Willie Carson, Height of Fashion led from the start, following her win at Newmarket, Height of Fashion was sold for a reported £1.5 million to Hamdan Al Maktoum. Later in July, Height of Fashion ran in her first Group One race when she was the filly to contest the thirty-second running of the King George VI. She never recovered after banging her head on exiting the starting stalls, on her final appearance on 17 August she failed to recover her previous form as she finished last behind Awaasif in Yorkshire Oaks. Height of Fashion was retired from racing to become a broodmare for Hamdan Al Maktoums Shadwell Stud in Kentucky
Height of Fashion (horse)
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Monarchies
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Pall Mall (horse)
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Pall Mall was an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse and sire, best known for winning the classic 2000 Guineas in 1958. Owned and bred by Queen Elizabeth II, Pall Mall was one of the leading British two-year-olds of 1957, in the following spring he performed moderately in two trial races before creating a 20/1 upset by winning the 2000 Guineas. He later won the first two runnings of the Lockinge Stakes before being retired to stud where he had success as a sire of winners. Pall Mall was a chestnut horse with a white blaze. The colt was sent into training with Cecil Boyd-Rochfort at his Freemason Lodge stable in Newmarket, Boyd-Rochfort trained the horses owned by British monarchs from 1943 until 1968. Pall Mall was the only British classic winner sired by the 19502000 Guineas winner Palestine, Pall Malls dam Malapert showed no ability as a racehorse and was bought on behalf of King George VI for 100 guineas at the Newmarket sales in December 1949. Pall Malls first racecourse appearance came in May 1957 when he won a race at Haydock Park by five lengths. A month later he was moved up in class to contest the New Stakes over five furlongs at Royal Ascot, ridden by Harry Carr, he started at odds of 6/1 and won by a length from Troubadour and Will Somers. The royal colt showed good form in his three races without winning again. A month after his Ascot win he finished second to the filly Abelia in the July Stakes at Newmarket and he had been expected to win the latter race but was well beaten by Pheidippedes, a colt who had finished unplaced in the New Stakes. On his final appearance of the season he was beaten a head by Kelly in the Champagne Stakes at Doncaster. In the Free Handicap, a ranking of the best two-year-olds to race in Britain, Pall Mall was assigned 126 pounds, two weeks later he won the Classic Trial Stakes at Thirsk by a length but was not particularly impressive. In the 2000 Guineas, run over the Rowley Mile course at Newmarket on 30 April and he was ridden by Doug Smith as Harry Carr had elected to ride the stables other runner Bald Eagle, who was made 7/4 favourite. Pall Mall took the lead a furlong and a half from the finish and won by half a length from Major Portion, the win was a first classic for Boyd-Rochfort and a second for the Queen, who missed the race through illness. Carr resumed his association with Pall Mall in the running of the Lockinge Stakes at Newbury Racecourse a month later. The Guineas winner was made the 4/6 favourite and won easily, at Goodwood in July met Major Portion again in the Sussex Stakes and was beaten a length in what proved to be his final race of the year. At Royal Ascot, raced in handicap company for the only time and he started 5/2 favourite and finished second of the twenty-three runners, beaten one and a half lengths by Faultless Speech, a four-year-old to whom he was conceding 20 pounds. At the Newmarket July meeting, Pall Mall won his last race by taking the Midsummer Stakes, the independent Timeform organisation awarded Pall Mall a peak annual rating of 132
Pall Mall (horse)
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Monarchies