How Many of the Torah's Commandments Still Apply?
While many of us know that there are 613 mitzvot, (248 do's, and 365 don'ts) it is less widely known just how many mitzvot we can actively apply in our time, outside of Israel, when the Temple (Beit HaMikdash) no longer stands. For example, all the various sacrificial offerings are no longer able to be brought.
Of the 248 positive commands, only 126 are currently applicable. And of the 365 negative commands, only 243 are still applicable. So in total, nowadays, 369 mitzvot are still operative. Rabbi Isaiah Horowitz, better known after his famous work as the Shelah (an acronym for "Shnei Luchot HaBrit"), writes1 that the mnemonic for this number can be found in the verse,2 "I sleep, but my heart is awake." If you add up the numeric values of the letters in the Hebrew word for "I sleep," ישנה, the tally comes to 365. And when you add the number of letters that are in the word itself, 4, the total comes to 369. This hints to the fact that when the Jewish people are in exile, spiritually asleep, they only have 369 mitzvot to do.
Using a little bit of math, the author further points out that nowadays, therefore, there are 122 fewer positive mitzvot to observe (248-126=122), and also 122 fewer negative mitzvot to keep (365-243=122)! So in total, there are 244 fewer mitzvot in our day-to-day lives. The Shelah notes that this number, 244, is the same as the numerical value for the Hebrew word, מרד, which means to rebel. This equivalence, he remarks, alludes to the fact that it was because of our "rebelliousness" that we were exiled from our land, and that our Temple was destroyed. (May it be speedily rebuilt!)
Even among the 369 mitzvot, however, there are many that most of us will never do. For many of these commands also depend on circumstances. In other words, only in certain situations do many of these mitzvot have to be kept. To illustrate, only if a person makes a vow3 can he fulfill the command "not to be tardy"4 in keeping it. Only if he owns a house with a walk-out roof, is he obliged to put a fence around it.5
In actuality, then, there are only 270 precepts that every Jew is required to observe, without any particular circumstance ever having to come about.6 Of these 270 mitzvot, 48 are positive precepts, and 222 are negative. Interestingly, in Sefer HaChinuch, the author, Rabbi Aaron HaLevi, points out that 270 is the numeric value of the Hebrew word for "awake," ער, in the above quoted verse, "I sleep but my heart is awake."
No Jew is ever completely asleep, says King Solomon. The heart, our spiritual core, is always wide awake. So being "sleepless in exile," we will undoubtedly merit the complete and final redemption, very, very soon!
I would like to note, however, that the Rabbis established the number of fixed, daily prayers to correspond to the number of regular, daily sacrifices that were offered in the Temple,7 thus offering somewhat of a substitute for the Temple service. So, too, when we study the laws governing such precepts, on a spiritual level, we get credit as if we had actually performed them.8 On a deeper level, Chassidut explains that all the precepts are operative even nowadays. For example, by not capitulating to the demands of our "animal soul," our base instincts, we offer the "animal" within ourselves to G‑d.
Rabbi Eliezer Danzinger for Chabad.org
In the glosses to his introduction to "Torah She'be'chtav."
Which the Rabbis generally advise against. See Maimonides, Laws of Vows 13:24-25.
Maimonides, Laws of Blessings 11:2.
Such as laws pertaining to the observance of the Sabbath and the Jewish festivals.
Maimonides, Laws of Prayer 1:5.
See Shulchan Aruch Harav, Orach Chaim 1:9, based on Menachot 110a.
List the laws, study them all. I also feel a list of those laws which are applicable and performable would be incredibly helpful. Throughout our history, our rabbis, sages, teachers, sofers, and many a wise one have written countless books, commentaries, analysis, studies, etc... on just about any subject in Torah. This is also true in more recent times. Pick a subject, a mitzvah, a whatever, and someone, either in ages past, or perhaps just a year or two ago, has written something about it. Certainly the subject of which mitzvahs are applicable and performable in our current time is one worthy of serious analysis. And perhaps this is another subject for another day, but for those that are not applicable and performable, perhaps finding a way to determine a derivative mitzvah that will enact the same spiritual effect would be worthy of study as well. Rabbis, someone? Please take this one. Thank you.
Animal offerings
Saying that offering the animal within instead of a real animal in sacrifice sounds like a real spiritual evolution. Wonderful!
Could it also be that the temple is to be rebuilt within, in an inner Israel? Or is that stretching it too far? Personally I hope not. I think that would be even more wonderful.
Torah observant Do you know of any place I can get a list of the 369 or 270 commandments that are still in effect. I would very much like to be Torah observant. Thanks for your help.
To Anon in Kelowna I am sorry, but I am not aware of an online list.
List of the "in affect" laws You say there are 270 laws in affect from the Torah. Do you have a web page listing them?
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- Mitzvah (1864)
To Josh You are right. Such lists have indeed been compiled. There is one made by Rabbi Israel Meir Kagan of Radin, known as the Chafetz Chaim. I have yet to see it, however, in English.