Tentative Checklist of the Polistine Tribe Epiponini
by
James M. Carpenter (American Museum of Natural
History, New York)
Tribe
Epiponini Lucas, 1867
Genus
Agelaia Lepeletier
Agelaia Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1: 535, genus.
Type species: Agelaia fuscicornis
Lepeletier, 1836 [= Polistes testacea Fabricius, 1804], by monotypy.
Aglaia Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insect. 19: 75. Incorrect spelling of Agelaia Lepeletier.
Stelopolybia Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 517, genus (13
species).
Type species: Polistes angulata Fabricius, 1804, by subsequent designation of Lucas, 1912,
Arch. Naturgesch. 77, Bd. 4 (1): 210.
Gymnopolybia Ducke, 1914, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.) 36: 317, 327, genus (10 species).
Type species: Polybia vulgaris Ducke, 1904 [= Vespa
fulvofasciata DeGeer, 1773], by
subsequent designation of Richards, 1943, Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. (B) 12:
45.
acreana Silveira and Carpenter
Agelaia acreana Silveira and
Carpenter, 1996 (1995), J.
Distr.: French Guiana;
angulata
(Fabricius)
Polistes
angulata Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 275 - “
Polybia angulata; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 185 (in division Phi).
- Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 450 (
Stelopolybia angulata; Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 548 (key), 520 (angulata s. str.; syns.: P.
angulicollis Spinola, P. ornata
Ducke; female;
Megacanthopus
ruficornis Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 216 (key),
217, female- locality not stated [Guyana] (London).
Mischocyttarus ruficornis; Zikán, 1949,
Bol. Parq. Nac. Itatiaia 1: 215.
Stelopolybia angulata angulata; Araujo, 1960, Studia Entomol.
(N. S.) 3: 253 (Brazil: Amapá). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 238 (key),
244. - Raw, 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 32
(Brazil), 36 (distr.). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba
20: 48 (coll. list).
Stelopolybia
angulata bertonii Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.:
238 (key), 244, female - “
Agelaia angulata; Carpenter and
van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 218 (note on material seen by
Fox). - Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 180 (key), 191 (nest; syn: bertoni
[!] Richards; probably not from west of
Agelaia angulata angulata; Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol.
Trop. 42 (1/2): 360 (list).
Agelaia bertonii;
Garcete-Barrett, 1999, Avispas Soc. Parag.: 8 (mimics), 39 (key, fig. 1b), 40 (
Distr.: Mexico; Panama; Colombia:
Amazonas, Caquetá, Magdalena, Meta, Putumayo, Vaupés; Venezuela: Barinas, Delta
Amacuro, Mérida; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Cuzco,
Huánuco, Junín, Loreto; Brazil: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Espírito Santo,
Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia,
Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo; Bolivia: Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando;
Paraguay: Alto Paraná, Canindeyú; Argentina: Misiones.
angulicollis
(Spinola)
Polistes
angulicollis Spinola, 1851, preprint of Mem. R.
Accad. Sci. Torino (2) 13: 61, female - [
Polybia angulicollis; de
Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 184, pl. XXIII fig. 3 (in division Phi). - du Buysson and Marshall, 1892,
Ann. Soc. Entomol.
Stelopolybia angulata var. angulicollis; Ducke, 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 520 (
Stelopolybia angulicollis; Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 238 (key), 246.
Agelaia angulicollis; Carpenter
and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 218 (note on material seen
by Fox). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 360 (list). - Cooper,
2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 180 (key), 191, fig. 7 (nest;
Distr.:
areata
(Say)
Polistes
areata Say, 1837, Boston J. Nat. Hist. 1: 388 - “
Polybia areata; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 210, species dubiae. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins.
19: 76 (cat.). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 539 (? Stelopolybia or Megacanthopus).
Polybia fasciata; Ducke, 1908,
Dts. Entomol. Zeitschr.: 697.
Misidentification.
Stelopolybia
sulfureofasciata Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus.
Natl. Hung. 8: 519 (key), 522, female - “Belize” (lectotype Belém); also from
Mexico; Guatemala; Nicaragua; Colombia; Venezuela; Ecuador [name for Polybia fasciata sensu Ducke,
1908]. - Bequaert, 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol.
Stelopolybia areata; Araujo, 1946,
Papéis Avulsos Dept. Zool. Secr. Agric.,
Agelaia areata; Starr and
Bozzoli, 1990, in Overal, Ethnobiol.,
Part B, Ethnozool.: 190 (ethnobiology in
Distr.: Mexico: Guerrero, Tabasco,
Veracruz, Yucatán; Belize; Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa
Rica; Panama; Colombia: Cauca, Chocó, Huila, Magdalena, Putumayo, Valle;
Venezuela: Aragua, Barinas, Mérida; Ecuador: El Oro, Esmereldas, Napo,
Pichincha, Tungurahua.
baezae
(Richards)
Gymnopolybia
cornelliana var. baezae Richards, 1943, Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. London (B) 12: 47
(key), 49, female - “EAST ECUADOR: Baeza” (London).
Stelopolybia
baezae; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 237 (key),
242, fig. 99.
Agelaia
baezae; Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2):
360 (list). - Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 180 (key), 193, fig. 19
(possible syn. of cornelliana (Richards); nest;
Distr.: Panama; Colombia: Antioquia,
Cauca, Huila, Putumayo; Ecuador: Loja, Napo, Pastaza, Tungurahua.
brevistigma
(Richards)
Stelopolybia
brevistigma Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 237
(key), 241, fig. 97, female - “
Agelaia brevistigma; Sarmiento,
1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 360 (list). - Fowler, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop.
42: 387 (distr.). - Silveira and Carpenter, 1996 (1995), J. New York Entomol.
Soc. 103: 71. - Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 179 (key), 190 (note on
holotype).
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas; Ecuador:
Napo.
cajennensis
(Fabricius)
Vespa
cajennensis Fabricius, 1798, Suppl. Entomol. Syst.:
265 - [
Polistes
cajennensis; Fabricius,
1804, Syst. Piez.: 280.
? Polybia
phthisica; de Saussure, 1854, Ét.
Fam. Vesp. 2.: 186, pl. XXIII figs. 7-8 (in division Phi) [partim]. - Cameron,
1912, Timehri (3) 2: 208 (key), 211 (Guyana). Misidentification.
Polybia
lignicola Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
349 (key), 355, female - [Brazil:] “Belém do Pará na matta; Rio da Villanova
(Anauerapucú)” (Belém, Zürich); 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 524
(syn. of cayennensis [!]). - Overal,
1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (note on syntype in
Belém). - Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.)
95: 10 (list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 3 (notes on types;
syn. confirmed).
Stelopolybia cayennensis [!]; Ducke,
1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 518 (key), 524 (syn.: P. lignicola Ducke; female, male, nest;
French Guiana;
Stelopolybia cajennensis var. obscura Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para.
Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11.
Nomen nudum.
Agelaia cajennensis; Sarmiento,
1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 360 (list). - West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym.
Distr.: Mexico: Tabasco; Belize;
Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia: Amazonas, I. Gorgona, Magdalena, Meta,
Nariño, Putumayo, Valle; Trinidad; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador:
Esmereldas, Napo; Peru: Cuzco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto; Brazil: Acre, Amapá,
Amazonas, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Pará, Roraima, São Paulo; Bolivia: Beni, La Paz,
Pando.
centralis
(Cameron)
Polybia pallipes; Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 450 [partim].
Polybia
pallipes var. centralis
Cameron, 1907, Invert. Pacif. 1: 184, male [female] - “
Stelopolybia
vulgaris var. mexicana
Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 524 - “Mexique (
Stelopolybia
pallipes var. (or subsp.) fulvanceps Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 297, female -
“
Stelopolybia
pallipes var.
bequaerti Richards, 1951, in
Richards and Richards, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 74, female, male - [
Stelopolybia
pallipes bequaerti; Araujo, 1960, Studia Entomol. (N. S.) 3: 253 (
Stelopolybia
multipicta fulvanceps; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 239 (key), 255.
Stelopolybia myrmecophila; Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 240 (key), 256 [partim;
misidentification]. - Rodriguez-Palafox, 1988, Fol. Entomol. Mex. 77: 500
(key), 514, fig. 3.3 (Mexico). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Curitiba 20: 48 (coll. list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 4 (myrmecophila sensu Richards partly
misidentified).
Agelaia myrmecophila; Starr and
Bozzoli, 1990, in Overal, Ethnobiol.,
Part B, Ethnozool.: 190 (ethnobiology in
Agelaia multipicta fulvanceps;
Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 360 (list).
Agelaia bequaerti;
Garcete-Barrett, 1999, Avispas Soc. Parag.: 8 (mimic), 40 (key, figs. 4aa-bb,
4cc), 41 (
Agelaia
centralis; Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259:
1, 3, 4 (syns.: vulgaris var. mexicana Ducke, multipicta fulvanceps Bequaert). - Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag.
136: 182 (key), 195, figs. 23-24, 33-34 (syn.: bequaerti Richards;
Distr.: Mexico: Chiapas, Guerrero,
Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz; Belize; Guatemala;
Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia: Antioquia, Arauca,
Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo, Valle; Venezuela: Aragua, D. F.; Guyana*;
Ecuador: Esmereldas, Napo, Pichincha; Peru: Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Pasco;
Brazil: Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio
de Janeiro, São Paulo; Paraguay: Concepción.
constructor
(de Saussure)
Polybia
constructor de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 191,
pl. XXIII fig. 6, female (in division My)
- “L'Amérique méridionale. Cayenne” (Paris). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19:
77 (cat.).
Polybia
constructrix de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2:
256 [unnecessary emendation]. - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 346
(key), 352 (
Stelopolybia
constructrix; Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus.
Natl. Hung. 8: 548 (key), 521 (French Guiana;
Stelopolybia
constructor; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 238
(key), 243. - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11
(list). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Agelaia constructor; Silveira and
Carpenter, 1996 (1995), J.
Distr.:
cornelliana
cornelliana (Richards)
Gymnopolybia
cornelliana Richards, 1943, Proc. R. Entomol. Soc.
London (B) 12: 47 (key), 48, figs. 3, 9-10, female - “
Stelopolybia
corneliana [!]; Araujo, 1946, Papéis Avulsos Dept.
Zool. Secr. Agric.,
Stelopolybia
cornelliana cornelliana; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 237 (key), 242.
Agelaia cornelliana; Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 180 (key), 193, fig. 17 (baezae
Richards a possible synonym).
Distr.:
cornelliana
subterranea (Richards)
Gymnopolybia
“cornelliana nov.
var. subterranea Bequaert” Weyrauch,
1943, Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado 7: 74. Nomen
nudum.
Stelopolybia
cornelliana subterranea Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 238 (key), 242, female - “PERU: Cuzco, Machu Picchu, 2000 m” (London).
Distr.: Ecuador: Morona-Santiago,
Tungurahua; Peru: Cuzco, Huánuco, Pasco; Bolivia: La Paz.
flavipennis
(Ducke)
Polybia
flavipennis Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Stelopolybia meridionalis var. flavipennis; Ducke, 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 523 (Brazil).
Gymnopolybia meridionalis flavipennis; Ducke, 1918, Rev. Mus.
Paul. 10: 344. - Araujo, 1940, Arq. Inst. Biol., São Paulo 2: 14.
Stelopolybia flavipennis; Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 239 (key), 253. - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol.
Par., Curitiba 20: 48 (coll. list).
Agelaia flavipennis; Sarmiento,
1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 360 (list). - Silveira and Carpenter, 1996
(1995), J. New York Entomol. Soc. 103: 72. - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat.
3259: 3 (notes on types). - Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 180 (key),
192, figs. 14-15, 20, 25-26 (Bolivia; record from Panama dubious).
Distr.: Panama (?); Colombia: Vaupés;
Venezuela; Peru: Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios; Brazil: Amazonas,
Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia; Bolivia.
fulvofasciata
(DeGeer)
Vespa
fulvofasciata DeGeer, 1773, Mem. Hist. Ins. 3: 581,
pl. 29 fig. 8 - “
Vespa
fasciata Olivier, 1792, Encyc. Méthod. 6 (2): 676 -
“Surinam” (type lost). - Latreille, 1802, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. 3: 364.
? Vespa
ochrosticta Lichtenstein, 1796, Cat. Mus. Zool. Dit. Hamburgi ... Sect.
Tertia Ins.: 203 - “
Polistes
hectica Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 278 - “America
meridionali” (Kobenhavn). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8:
540 (? Stelopolybia or Megacanthopus).
Polistes fulvo fasciata; Latreille,
1809, Gen. Crust. Ins. 4: 142.
Polistes
fasciata; Lepeletier and Serville, 1825, Encyc.
Méthod. 10: 172.
? Polybia
phthisica; de Saussure, 1854, Ét.
Fam. Vesp. 2.: 186, pl. XXIII figs. 7-8 (in division Phi) [partim]. Misidentification.
Polybia fulvofasciata; Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 448 (Brazil: Mato Grosso). - Dalla Torre, 1904,
Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (syn.: V. fasciata
Olivier, V. phthisica Fabricius, V. cayennensis [!] Fabricius, V. ochrosticta “Weber,” hectica Fabricius; cat.). - Schrottky,
1904, Allg. Zeitschr. Entomol. 9: 345 (Paraguay). - Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus.
Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino 21 (529): 14, 15 (Ecuador).
Polybia fasciata; R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 211.
Polybia
vulgaris Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 346
(key), 352, female, male - [Brazil:] “Belém do Pará” (lectotype female Paris);
also from other localities in Pará, and Amapá. - Richards, 1943, Proc. R.
Entomol. Soc. Lond. (B) 12: 45 (designation as type species of Gymnopolybia). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 296 (syn. of fulvofasciata
(DeGeer)). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 250 (designation of lectotype). -
Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 11
(list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 5 (notes on types).
Stelopolybia vulgaris; Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 519 (key), 523 (female, male, nest;
Stelopolybia fulvo-fasciata; Bequaert,
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 293 (key), 296 (syn.: vulgaris Ducke). - Araujo, 1946, Papéis Avulsos Dept. Zool. Secr.
Agric.,
Agelaia fulvofasciata; Carpenter
and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 215 (note on material seen
by Fox). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 360 (list). - O'Donnell,
1995, Biotropica 27: 136 (morphology). - Mejdalani and Felix, 1997, Proc.
Entomol. Soc. Wash. 99 (1):159, fig. 14 (mimicry by Lissocarta beckeri (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)). - Cooper, 2000,
Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 181 (key), 194, figs. 29-30.
Distr.:
hamiltoni
(Richards)
Stelopolybia
hamiltoni Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 239
(key), 251, female - “
Agelaia hamiltoni; Sarmiento,
1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 360 (list). - O'Donnell, 1995, Biotropica 27:
133-134 (ethology). - Jeanne et al.,
1995, J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 68 (3): 279-289 (foraging;
Distr.:
imitatrix
Cooper
Agelaia imitatrix Cooper, 2001, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 137: 233, 234
(key), figs. 1-2, female, male - “
Distr.:
lobipleura
lobipleura (Richards)
Stelopolybia
lobipleura lobipleura Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 238 (key), 247, fig. 103, female - “
Agelaia lobipleura lobipleura; Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol.
Trop. 42 (1/2): 360 (
Agelaia lobipleura; Silveira and
Carpenter, 1996 (1995), J.
Distr.:
lobipleura
melanogaster (Richards)
Stelopolybia
lobipleura melanogaster Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 239 (key), 248, female - “
Distr.:
melanopyga
Cooper
Polybia
pallidipes; Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 521 [partim:
record from
Gymnopolybia pallidipes; Rau, 1933, Jungle Bees Wasps Barro Col. Is.: 88-94, figs. 43-45 (nest).
Stelopolybia areata “dark form”; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 256 (El Salvador; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Ecuador).
Agelaia melanopyga Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 182 (key),
188, fig. 13, female, male - “
Distr.:
multipicta
(Haliday)
Polistes
multipictus Haliday, 1836, Trans. Linn. Soc. London
17: 322, female - [
Polybia
multipicta; de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.:
188 (in division Phi). - Dalla Torre,
1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (cat.). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung.
8: 540 (? Polybia or Stelopolybia).
Polybia
anceps de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 190,
female (in division Phi) - “Le Brésil”
(
Polybia pallipes; Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 450 [partim].
Polybia
meridionalis R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 174 (key), 211 - [
Stelopolybia meridionalis; Ducke,
1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 519 (key), 523 (syn.: P. flavipennis Ducke; male, nest;
Mexico; Nicaragua; Bolivia; Brazil; Paraguay; Venezuela). - Araujo, 1946,
Papéis Avulsos Dept. Zool. Secretar. Agric.,
Stelolybia
pallidipes var. anceps;
Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 522 (
Gymnopolybia meridionalis; Ducke,
1918, Rev. Mus. Paul. 10: 344 (? = multipicta).
- Araujo, 1940, Arq. Inst. Biol. São Paulo 2: 11, figs. 1-6.
Gymnopolybia
meridionalis obscura Araujo, 1940, Arq. Inst. Biol.
São Paulo 2: 13 (key), 15, female, male - [
Stelopolybia pallipes var. anceps; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool. 94: 297; 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol.
Stelopolybia anceps; Richards, 1951, in Richards and Richards, Trans.
Entomol. Soc. London 102: 74.
Stelopolybia pallipes anceps; Willink, 1952, Acta Zool.
Lilloana 10: 142, figs. 11-12.
Stelopolybia multipicta multipicta morph multipicta; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 240 (key), 254.
Stelopolybia multipicta multipicta morph anceps; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 240 (key), 255.
Stelopolybia multipicta; Raw, 1989,
Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 32 (
Stelopolybia multipicta multipicta; Almeida and Castro, 1991,
Acta Biol. Par.,
Agelaia multipicta multipicta; Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol.
Trop. 42 (1/2): 360 (list).
Agelaia multipicta; Carpenter and
van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 217 (note on material seen by
Fox). - Sarmiento, 1993, Bol. Mus. Entomol. Univ. Valle 1 (2): 5 (nest;
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas, Antioquia,
Arauca, Boyacá, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño; Venezuela: Barinas, Guárico, Mérida,
Monagas; Trinidad; Guyana; Suriname; Peru: Huánuco, Loreto; Brazil: Amapá,
Amazonas, D. F., Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará,
Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo;
Bolivia: Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz; Paraguay: Canindeyú, Alto Paraná,
Itapúa, Paraguarí; Uruguay; Argentina: Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fé,
Tucumán.
myrmecophila
(Ducke)
Polybia
myrmecophila Ducke, 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
684, female, male - [
Polybia
pallidipes; Ducke, 1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5:
182 [partim].
Stelolybia
pallidipes var. myrmecophila;
Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 522 (nest; syn.: centralis Cameron).
Gymnopolybia pallidipes; Ducke, 1918,
Rev. Mus. Paul. 10: 343 [partim].
Stelopolybia pallipes var. myrmecophila; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 298.
Stelopolybia myrmecophila; Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 240 (key), 256 [partim]. - Raw, 1996, Bol. Mus. Para.
Emílio Goeldi (Sér. Zool.) 12 (1): 8 (resemblance of Mischocyttarus mamirauae
in coloration).
Agelaia
myrmecophila; Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat.
3259: 4 (notes on types; vulgaris
var. mexicana not a syn.). - Cooper,
2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 180 (key), 196, figs. 8, 27 (
Distr.:
nebularum
Cooper
Agelaia nebularum Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 181 (key),
185, fig. 28, female - “BOLIVIA: La Paz, Zongo Valley at Cuticucho 2,700m ...
upper limit of cloud forest” (London); also from 2000 m, and Chulumani.
Distr.:
nigrescens
Cooper
Agelaia nigrescens Cooper, 2001, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 137: 234, female
- “
Distr.:
ornata
(Ducke)
Polybia
ornata Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Stelopolybia angulata var. ornata; Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat.
Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 520 (
Stelopolybia ornata; Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 238 (key), 245. - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi
(N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Raw, 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert.
Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 32 (
Agelaia
ornata; Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 4
(notes on types). - Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 180 (key), 190 (male;
Distr.:
pallidiventris
(Richards)
Stelopolybia
pallidiventris Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 239
(key), 259, female - “
Agelaia pallidiventris;
Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 360 (list). - Cooper, 2000,
Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 182 (key), 195 (male, nest, association with Azteca;
Polybia singularis, P. rejecta, Synoeca virginea, Chartergus
chartarius, and Icteridae;
Distr.:
pallipes
festae (Zavattari)
Polybia
Festae Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat.
Comp. R. Univ. Torino 21 (529): 17, female - [
Stelolybia
pallidipes var. anceps;
Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 522 (
Polybia
pallipes cuzcoensis Schrottky, 1911, Entomol.
Rundsch. 28 (3): 20 - “
Stelopolybia pallipes var. cuzcoensis; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 297.
Stelopolybia pallipes var. festae; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 297.
Stelopolybia pallipes festae;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 240 (key), 259.
Stelopolybia pallipes cuzcoensis;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 240 (key), 258. - Almeida and Castro, 1991,
Acta Biol. Par.,
Agelaia
pallipes cuzcoensis; Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol.
Trop. 42 (1/2): 360 (list). - Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 182 (key),
194.
Agelaia pallipes festae; Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 194 (note on type locality; “ssp.
festae is only a darker form of ssp. cuzcoensis”).
Distr.:
pallipes
pallipes (Olivier)
Vespa
pallipes Olivier, 1792, Encyc. Méthod. 6 (2): 675 -
[French Guiana] “
Polybia pallipes; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 189 (syn.: Rhopalidia
pallens Lepeletier; in division Phi;
Polybia
pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 165
[unjustified emendation]; 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (cat.). - Ducke, 1907, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5: 182 [partim];
1908, Rev. Entomol., Caen 27: 85 (Brazil); 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl.
Hung. 8: 519 (key), 521 (pallidipes s. str.; syns.: P. anceps de Saussure, P.
festae Zavattari, P. lutea Ducke,
P. myrmecophila Ducke; female, male,
nest; Costa Rica; Colombia; Brazil; Paraguay; Peru) [partim].
Polybia
lutea Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 346
(key), 353, female - [
Stelopolybia
pallidipes; Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl.
Hung. 8: 521 [partim].
Gymnopolybia pallidipes; Ducke, 1918,
Rev. Mus. Paul. 10: 343 [partim]. - Myers,
1937, Proc. R. Entomol. Soc London 12 (A): 71 (collecting honeydew of
Membracidae in
Stelopolybia pallipes; Martorell and
Salas, 1939, J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 23: 251 (
Gymnopolybia
pallipes; Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1939, Proc. R. Entomol.
Soc. London (A) 14: 104-105 (mimicry).
Stelopolybia pallipes pallipes; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 240 (key), 258. - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Agelaia
pallipes pallipes;
Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 360 (
Agelaia pallipes; Carpenter and
van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 217 (note on material seen by
Fox). - West-Eberhard et al., 1995,
Hym.
Distr.: Colombia: Caquetá; Venezuela:
Aragua, Barinas, Trujillo; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador:
Morona-Santiago; Peru: Loreto; Brazil: Amazonas, Ceará, D. F., Goiás, Maranhão,
Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, São Paulo;
Paraguay: Concepción, San Pedro, Canindeyú, Alto Paraná, Cordillera, Paraguarí,
Central; Argentina: Misiones.
panamaensis
(Cameron)
Polybia
panamaensis Cameron, 1906, Zeitschr. Syst. Hym.
Dipt. 6: 382, female - “
Stelopolybia panamensis [!]; Bequaert,
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 296. - Araujo, 1946, Papéis Avulsos Dept.
Zool. Secr. Agric.,
Agelaia
panamaensis; Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42
(1/2): 360 (list). - West-Eberhard et al.,
1995, Hym.
Distr.: Mexico: Chiapas, Tabasco,
Veracruz; Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras*; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia:
Arauca, Magdalena; Venezuela; Ecuador: Napo; Peru (?): Cuzco, Huánuco.
pleuralis
Cooper
Agelaia pleuralis Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 179 (key),
185, fig. 10, female - “COSTA RICA: Heredia, Finca Rara Avis 12km SW Horquetas,
600m” (London); also from Colombia: Nariño.
Distr.: Costa Rica; Colombia: Nariño.
silvatica
Cooper
Agelaia silvatica Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 182 (key),
187, female, male - “ECUADOR: Pichincha, Nambillo Valley near Mindo 1,450m”
(holotype female London); also from elsewhere in Pichincha, and Cotopaxi.
Distr.: Ecuador: Cotopaxi, Pichincha.
testacea
(Fabricius)
Polistes
testacea Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 276 - “America
meridionali” (Kobenhavn).
Agelaia
fuscicornis Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym.
1: 536, female - “Patrie inconnue” (type lost?). - Carpenter and Day, 1988,
Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 90: 325 (syn. of Stelopolybia
testacea (Fabricius)).
Polybia
testacea; de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 183,
pl. XXIII fig. 1, female not male (syn.: P.
flavicans Fabricius; in division Phi).
Polybia fuscicornis; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 210, species dubiae. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19:
77 (cat.). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 540, species
dubiae.
Polybia flavicans; Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 451 (Brazil: Amazonas). - R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 43. -
Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 346 (key), 352 (Brazil). - Zavattari,
1906, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino 21 (529): 15 (syn.: P. testacea; Ecuador).
Stelopolybia testacea; Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 548 (key), 520 (syn.: P. flavicans sensu Dalla
Torre; female, male; Brazil). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 293
(key), 296. - Araujo, 1946, Papéis Avulsos Dept. Zool. Secr. Agric., São Paulo
7: 169. - Bequaert, 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 135 (Venezuela:
Bolívar). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 238 (key), 244. - Overal, 1978,
Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Raw, 1989, Maracá
Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 32 (Brazil), 36 (distr.); 1989,
Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 41 (habitat preference).
- Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 48 (coll. list).
Agelaia testacea; Carpenter and
van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 218 (note on material seen by
Fox). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 360 (list). - O'Donnell,
1995, Biotropica 27: 133-136, fig. 1 (ethology), 136 (morphology).
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas, Caquetá,
Meta, Putumayo, Vaupés; Venezuela: Bolívar; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana;
Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Huánuco, Junín, Loreto; Brazil: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas,
Goiás, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima; Bolivia: Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz,
Pando.
timida
Cooper
Agelaia timida Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 177, 179 (key),
183, figs. 1-4, female, male, nest - “COLOMBIA: Vaupes, Mitu” (holotype female
London); also from Meta, Putumayo; and Ecuador; Brazil; French Guiana.
Distr.: Colombia: Meta, Putumayo,
Vaupés; Brazil: Amazonas; French Guiana; Ecuador: Morona-Santiago, Napo.
vicina
(de Saussure)
Polybia
vicina de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 189,
pl. XXIV fig. 7, female (in division Phi)
- “Le Brésil” (lectotype Paris); 1867, Reise Novara, Zool. 2 (1), Hym.: 21
(compared to P. plebeja n. sp.). - R. von Ihering, 1903, Zool. Anz. 27:
115 (ethology). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (cat.). - Ducke, 1906,
Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 9 (Brazil; compared to Monacanthocnemis buyssoni n. sp.). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 246 (designation of lectotype). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259:
5 (notes on types).
Stelopolybia vicina; Ducke, 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 548 (key), 521 (male, nest; Brazil). - Araujo,
1946, Papéis Avulsos Dept. Zool. Secr. Agric., São Paulo 7: 169. - Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 238 (key), 246, fig. 102. - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para.
Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta
Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 48 (coll. list).
Agelaia
vicina; Baio et al., 1998, Sociobiol. 32
(3): 465-476 (caste polymorphism). - Garcete-Barrett, 1999, Avispas Soc.
Parag.: 8 (mimics), 39 (key, figs. 2a, 2b), 41 (Paraguay). -Cooper, 2000,
Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 179 (key), 190, fig. 11 (male compared to angulicollis
(Spinola)).
Distr.: Brazil: Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará,
Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande
do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo; Paraguay: Alto Paraná,
Itapúa; Argentina: Misiones.
xanthopus
melanotica (Richards)
Stelopolybia
xanthopus melanotica Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 239 (key), 249, female (in division Phi)
- “COSTA RICA: Irazu” (London).
Agelaia xanthopus; West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 585
(Costa Rica). - O’Donnell and Joyce, 1999, Biol J. Linn. Soc. 66: 501-514
(mimicry by Mischocyttarus mastigophorus).
Distr.: Guatemala; Costa Rica.
xanthopus
xanthopus (de Saussure)
Polybia
xanthopus de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 190,
female (in division Phi) - “Le
Mexique” (? Torino). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (cat.).
Stelopolybia xanthopus; Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 519 (key), 521 (female, nest; Mexico). -
Araujo, 1946, Papéis Avulsos Dept. Zool. Secr. Agric., São Paulo 7: 169. -
Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list).
Stelopolybia xanthopus xanthopus; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 239 (key), 249, fig. 104.
Agelaia xanthopus xanthopus; Rodríguez-Palafox, 1996, in
Llorente-Bousquets et al., Biodiv. Taxon. Biogeogr. Artrópod. México:
482 (list).
Agelaia xanthopus; Cooper, 2000,
Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 180 (key), 193.
Distr.: Mexico: Oaxaca, Veracruz.
yepocapa (Richards)
Stelopolybia
yepocapa Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 237 (key),
243, fig. 98, female - “GUATEMALA: Yepocapa” (Washington); also from Ecuador.
Stelopolybia multipicta multipicta morph multipicta; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 254 [partim].
Agelaia yepocapa; O'Donnell and
Jeanne, 1990, J. Trop. Ecol. 6: 507-509 (ethology). - West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 585
(Costa Rica). - O'Donnell, 1995, Biotropica 27: 134 (ethology). - O’Donnell and
Joyce, 1999, Biol J. Linn. Soc. 66: 501-514 (mimicry by Mischocyttarus mastigophorus). - Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag.
136: 182 (key), 192, fig. 16 (male; paratypes from Ecuador are areata
(Say); records of multipicta multipicta (Haliday) in Richards (1978)
from Central America are this species; Mexico; El Salvador; Costa Rica;
Panama).
Agelaia multipicta;
Rodríguez-Palafox, 1996, in Llorente-Bousquets et al., Biodiv.
Taxon. Biogeogr. Artrópod. México: 482 (list).
Distr.: Mexico: Chiapas*, Guerrero,
Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz; Guatemala; El Salvador; Nicaragua; Costa
Rica; Panama.
Genus
Angiopolybia Araujo
Angiopolybia Araujo, 1946, Papéis Avulsos Dept. Zool. Secretar. Agric., São
Paulo 7 (12): 166, 169, replacement name for Stelopolybia sensu Ducke,
1914, Zool. Jahrb., Syst. 36: 306, 327.
Type species: Rhopalidia pallens
Lepeletier, 1836, by original designation.
Rhopalidia Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. I: 538, genus (2
species). Unavailable; suppressed
under the plenary powers of the ICZN (1976, Opinion 1051) (no. 2072 of Official
Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology).
Type species: Rhopalidia pallens Lepeletier, 1836, by subsequent designation of Schulz,
1912, Berl. Entomol. Zeitschr. 57: 60.
obidensis
(Ducke)
Polybia
obidensis Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
348 (key), 354, female - [Brazil:] “Obidos” (lectotype Paris); also from
Oyapoc; 1907, Zeitschr. Hymenopterol. Dipterol. 2: 140 (syn.: P. paraensis var. luctuosa Schulz). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 234
(designation of lectotype). - Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para.
Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 10 (list). - Carpenter,
1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 6 (note on type).
Polybia
paraensis luctuosa Schulz, 1905, Hym. Stud.: 132 - “Surinam”
(lectotype female London). - Ducke, 1907, Zeitschr. Hymenopterol. Dipterol. 2:
140 (syn. of P. obidensis Ducke). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 234
(designation of lectotype). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 6.
Stelopolybia obidensis; Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 519 (key), 526 (female; Brazil; Guyana;
Suriname). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 293 (key), 294.
Angiopolybia
obidensis; Araujo, 1946, Papéis Avulsos Dept. Zool.
Secr. Agric., São Paulo 7: 169; 1960, Studia Entomol. (N. S.) 3: 252 (Brazil:
Amapá). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 231 (key), 234. - Overal, 1978, Bol.
Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 9 (list). - Lacey, 1979, Acta
Amazon. 9: 755-762 (predation on nests of hylid Osteocephalus taurinus). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol.
Par., Curitiba 20: 48 (coll. list). - Silveira and Carpenter, 1996 (1995), J.
New York Entomol. Soc. 103: 72. - Andena et al.,
2007, Zootaxa 1427: 59 (phylogenetic relationships), 63 (key), 64 (Brazil),
table 2 (characters), figs. 2B, 4A.
Distr.: Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana;
Brazil: Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará.
pallens
(Lepeletier)
Rhopalidia
pallens Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1:
539, female - [French Guiana] “Cayenne, Amérique méridionale” (Torino). -
Spinola, 1851, preprint of Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino (2) 13: 63 (nest). - de
Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 189 (syn. of Polybia pallipes
(Olivier)). - du Buysson, 1906, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 75: 342 (syn. of Apoica
pallida var. pallens (Fabricius)). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat.
Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 542 (specimen in Spinola collection = S. infernalis (de Saussure)). - Schulz, 1912, Berl. Entomol.
Zeitschr. 57: 60 (syn.: S. infernalis
(de Saussure)).
Polistes
rufina “Illig. i.
mus.” Erichson, 1848, in
Schomburgk, Reisen Br.-Guiana III: 590 - “Britisch-Guiana” (? Berlin). -
Spinola, 1851, preprint of Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino (2) 13: 63 (syn. of Rhopalidia pallens Lepeletier). - Dalla
Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 71 (cat.). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl.
Hung. 8: 541.
Polybia
infernalis de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2:
195, female (in division My) -
[Brazil:] “Le Para” (lectotype Paris); 1855, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: pl. XXV fig. 7.
- Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Insect. 19: 77 (internalis [!]; cat.). - R. von Ihering,
1904, Rev. Mus. Paulista 6: 205. - Ducke, 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 662
(syn.: P. ampullaria Möbius; nest). -
Zavattari, 1906, Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino 21 (529): 16 (Ecuador).
- Richards, 1943, Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. (B) 12: 45 (invalid designation
as type species of Stelopolybia);
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 232 (designation of lectotype).
Polybia
ampullaria Möbius, 1856, Abhand. Naturw. Vereins
Hamburg 3: 133, pl. 7; 1856, Nester Gesell. Wespen: 13, 35 (key), pl. VII figs.
1-8, female, nest - “Brasilien” (Berlin); 1856, Arch. Naturgesch. 22: 330
(key), fig. 9. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 76 (cat.). - Ducke, 1904,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 349 (key), 354 (Brazil). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus.
Novitat. 3259: 6 (notes on types; syn. confirmed).
Eumenes
flavopectus Provancher, 1888, Addit. Faune Canada
Hym. Suppl.: 422, female - “Trinidad” (Laval University, Quebec).
Polybia emaciata; Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 451.
Misidentification.
Stelopolybia infernalis; Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 519 (key), 524, fig. 12 (male, nest;
Suriname; French Guiana; Brazil; Peru); 1913, Deutsch. Entomol. Zeitschr.: 331
(syn.: R. pallens Lepeletier).
Stelopolybia pallens; Bequaert, 1944,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 293 (key), 294 (syns.: Polybia infernalis de Saussure, Polistes
rufina Erichson, Polybia ampullaria Möbius,
Eumenes flavopectus Provancher); 1949
(1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 135 (Venezuela: Monagas).
Angiopolybia pallens; Araujo, 1946,
Papéis Avulsos Dept. Zool. Secr. Agric., São Paulo 7: 169; 1960, Studia
Entomol. (N. S.) 3: 252 (Brazil: Amapá). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 231
(key), 232, fig. 95. - Lacey, 1979, Acta Amazon. 9: 755-762 (predation on nests
of Leptodactylus pentadactylus). -
Raw, 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 32 (Brazil),
36 (distr.); 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 41, 42
(habitat preference). - Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus.
60 (3): 218 (note on material seen by Fox). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta
Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 48 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop.
42 (1/2): 360 (list). - O'Donnell, 1995, Biotropica 27: 133-134 (ethology), 136
(morphology). - Theraulez and Bonabeau, 1995, J. Theor. Biol. 177: fig. 1c
(nest). - Silveira and Carpenter, 1996 (1995), J. New York Entomol. Soc. 103:
72. - Andena et al., 2007, Zootaxa 1427: 59
(phylogenetic relationships), 63 (key), 64 (Brazil), table 2 (characters),
figs. 1A, 2A, 3B.
Angiopolybia infernalis; Overal, 1978,
Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 9 (list).
Distr.: Panama; Colombia: Amazonas,
Caquetá, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo, Vaupés; Venezuela: Monagas; Trinidad; Guyana;
Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador: Esmereldas, Napo, Pichincha; Peru: Cuzco,
Huánuco, Loreto, San Martin, Pasco; Brazil: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia,
Espírito Santo, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Pernambuco, Roraima, Santa
Catarina, São Paulo; Bolivia: Beni, Cochabamba.
paraensis
(Spinola)
Polistes
paraensis Spinola, 1851, preprint of Mem. R. Accad.
Sci. Torino (2) 13: 60, female - [Brazil:] “Para” (? Torino).
Polybia paraensis; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 185, pl. XXIII fig. 2 (in division Phi). - Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad.: 451 (Brazil: Amazonas). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (cat.).
- Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 348 (key), 354 (Brazil). - Carpenter
and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 218 (note on material seen
by Fox).
Polybia
ruficornis Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol., Caen 24: 20,
female - [Brazil:] “Tabatinga, Haut Amazone” (lectotype Paris); also from Rio
Japurá; 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 526 (syn. of paraensis (Spinola)). - Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 235 (designation of lectotype). - Nascimento and Overal, 1979,
Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 10 (list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 6 (notes on types).
Stelopolybia paraensis; Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 519 (key), 526 (syn.: P. ruficornis Ducke; female, male; Brazil; Bolivia). - Bequaert,
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 293 (key), 294 (typical paraensis).
Stelopolybia
paraensis var. ruficornis;
Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 526 (nest; Brazil; Ecuador;
Panama; Suriname). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 295.
Stelopolybia
paraensis var. (or subsp.) obscurior Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 295,
female - “ECUADOR: Jatun Yacu, Rio
Napo watershed, 700 m.” (Cambridge); also from Colombia; Guyana; Suriname.
Angiopolybia paraensis; Araujo, 1946, Papéis Avulsos Dept.
Zool. Secr. Agric., São Paulo 7: 169. - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio
Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 9 (list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42
(1/2): 360 (list). - O'Donnell, 1995, Biotropica 27: 136 (morphology). -
Silveira and Carpenter, 1996 (1995), J. New York Entomol. Soc. 103: 72. - Andena et al., 2007, Zootaxa 1427: 59
(phylogenetic relationships), 63 (key), 64 (Brazil; Colombia; Peru), table 2
(characters), figs. 1B, 4B.
Angiopolybia
paraensis obscurior; van der Vecht, 1972, Ann. Soc.
Entomol. France (N. S.) 8: 737.
Angiopolybia
paraensis morph paraensis;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 232 (key), 235.
Angiopolybia
paraensis morph ruficornis;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 232 (key), 235.
Angiopolybia
paraensis morph obscurior;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 232 (key), 235.
Distr.: Panama; Colombia: Amazonas,
Caquetá; Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolívar*; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana;
Ecuador; Peru: Cuzco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Martin;
Brazil: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Maranhão, Pará, Rondônia;
Bolivia: Cochabamba, La Paz.
zischkai
Richards
Angiopolybia
zischkai Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 231 (key,
234), fig. 94, female - “ECUADOR: Santiago-Zamora, Rio Zamora, Zumbi, 700 m”
(New York); also from Bolivia; Peru. - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42
(1/2): 360 (Colombia: Amazonas, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Putumayo; list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat.
3259: 6 (note on type). - Andena et al.,
2007, Zootaxa 1427: 59 (phylogenetic relationships), 63 (key), 64 (Panama),
table 2 (characters), fig. 3A.
Distr.: Costa Rica*; Panama; Colombia:
Amazonas, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Putumayo; Ecuador: Zamora-Chinchipe; Peru:
Cuzco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Pasco; Bolivia: Cochabamba.
Genus
Apoica Lepeletier
Subgenus
Apoica Lepeletier
Apoica Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Ins. 1: 536, genus (2 species).
Type species: “Apoica lineolata
Lepeletier, 1836 = typical Vespa pallida Olivier, 1791,” by subsequent
designation of Bequaert, 1943, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 69: 108.
Protapoica Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 79, name for group I of genus Apoica Lepeletier in de Saussure, 1854,
Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 107 (2 species).
Type species: Vespa pallida Olivier, 1792, by subsequent designation of Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 264.
Apoeca Schulz, 1912, Berlin. Entomol. Zeitschr. 57: 84. Unjustified emendation.
albimacula
(Fabricius)
Polistes albimacula Fabricius,
1804, Syst. Piez.: 277 - “
Polybia
albimaculata [!]; de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp.
2: 212 (species dubiae). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 539
(species dubiae).
Apoica albimacula;
Apoica
pallida var. albimacula;
Bequaert, 1943, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 69: 117; 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.
94: 290 (key), 291.
Distr.:
ambracarina
Pickett
Apoica ambracarina Pickett, 2003, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 105 (3): 592, figs. 1-9,
10A, 11B, female, male - “Rio Branco,
Distr.:
ellenae
Pickett
Apoica
ellenae Pickett,
2007, in Pickett and Wenzel, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3562: 1, 21 (key), 23,
figs. 19, 20A, female (in subgenus Apoica) - “Panama CZ,
Distr.:
flavissima
van der
Vecht
Apoica
pallida; Fox,
1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 445 [partim].
Apoica
flavissima van
der Vecht, 1972, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France (N. S.) 8: 736, 739 (key), 741,
figs. 1, 4, 12, female, male - “Dirkshoop, west of
Distr.:
gelida
van der Vecht
Apoica
pallida; Fox,
1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 445 [partim].
Apoica pallens form C; Richards,
1951, in Richards and Richards,
Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 156, fig. 24 [partim].
Apoica
gelida van der Vecht, 1972, Ann. Soc. Entomol.
France (N. S.) 8: 736, 739 (key), 741, figs. 2, 5, female, male - “Albina, N.
E. Surinam” (holotype male
Distr.:
pallens
(Fabricius)
Polistes
pallens Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 276 - “
Apoica
pallida; Lepeletier,
1836, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1: 538 [misidentification]. - Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philad.: 445 [partim]. - ?
Schrottky, 1904, Allg. Zeitschr. Entomol. 9: 345 (
Apoica pallida var. pallens; du Buysson, 1906, Ann. Soc.
Entomol.
Apoica pallens form A; Richards,
1951, in Richards and Richards,
Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 153, fig. 23 [partim].
Apoica pallens; Araujo, 1960,
Studia Entomol. (N. S.) 3: 251 (
Distr.: Mexico; Belize; Guatemala; El
Salvador; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia: Amazonas, Cundinamarca,
Putumayo; Venezuela: Amazonas, Barinas, Guárico, Mérida, Yaracuy, Zulia;
Trinidad; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador: Pichincha; Peru: Cuzco,
Huánuco, Junín, Loreto; Brazil: Amapá, Amazonas, D. F., Goiás, Mato Grosso,
Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina,
São Paulo; Bolivia: Cochabamba, Santa Cruz; Paraguay: Concepción, San Pedro,
Caaguazú, Canindeyú, Alto Paraná, Paraguarí; Argentina: Misiones.
pallida
(Olivier)
Vespa
pallida Olivier, 1792, Encyc. Méthod. 6 (2): 675,
female - “l'isle de la Trinité” (type lost).
Apoica
lineolata Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1:
537, female? - [
Polistes
translucida Spinola, 1851, preprint of Mem. R.
Accad. Sci. Torino (2) 13: 63 - [
Apoica pallida; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 107, pl. XVIII fig. 1 (syn.: P. pallens Fabricius; French Guiana to
Apoica virginea; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 107 (syn.: Apoïca
bilineolata [!] Lepeletier), 244 (variation), pl. XVIII fig. 2. - Dalla
Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 79 (syn.: lineolata
Lepeletier; cat.). - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 358, pl. 2 fig. 9 (
Apoica pallida var. virginea; Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat.
Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 517, fig. 11.
Apoeca pallida;
Apoica pallida pallida; Araujo, 1960, Studia Entomol.
(N. S.) 3: 251 (
Distr.: Belize; Colombia; Venezuela:
Aragua, Monagas; Trinidad; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador: Pichincha;
Peru: Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Pasco; Brazil: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Ceará,
Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo; Bolivia: La
Paz, Santa Cruz.
strigata
Richards
Apoica
pallida var. arborea; Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Apoica
strigata Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 262 (key),
267, fig. 107, female, male (in subgenus Apoica)
- “
Distr.:
thoracica
du Buysson
Apoica
pallida; Fox,
1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 445 [partim].
Apoica
pallida var. thoracica
du Buysson, 1906, Ann. Soc. Entomol.
Apoica
thoracica; Richards, 1951, in Richards and Richards, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 152. -
Araujo, 1960, Studia Entomol. (N. S.) 3: 251 (
Distr.: Guatemala; Honduras; Costa Rica;
Panama; Colombia: Amazonas*, Caquetá*, Meta, Putumayo, Valle; Venezuela:
Amazonas, Barinas, Miranda; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador: Napo,
Pichincha; Peru: Cuzco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Pasco; Brazil: Acre, Amapá,
Amazonas, D. F., Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará,
Paraná, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo; Bolivia: Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz.
Subgenus
Deuterapoica Dalla Torre
Deuterapoica Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insect. 19: 79, name for group II of
genus Apoica Lepeletier in de
Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 108 (2 species).
Type species: Apoica arborea de
Saussure, 1854, by subsequent designation of Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.:
263.
arborea
de Saussure
Apoica
arborea de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 108,
female - “L'Amérique du Sud” (?
Apoica
pallida var. arborea; Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl.
Hung. 8: 517 (type seen in
Distr.:
Genus
Asteloeca Raw
Asteloeca Raw, 1985, Rev. Bras. Entomol. 29: 185, genus.
Type species: Polybia traili Cameron,
1906, by original designation and monotypy.
lutea
Carpenter
Asteloeca lutea Carpenter, 2004, in
Carpenter et al., Am. Mus. Novitat. 3427: 1, 4, figs. 1-2, 9-11, female,
nest - “
Distr.:
traili
(Cameron)
Polybia
Traili Cameron, 1906, Zeitschr. Syst. Hym. Dipt. 6:
383, female - [
Polybia
Ujhelyii var.
obscura Ducke, 1909, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 7: 626, female - [
Occipitalia traili morph traili; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.:
198 (key), 199 (
Asteloeca traili; Raw, 1985, Rev.
Bras. Entomol. 29: 185 (type species of Asteloeca
n. gen.), 187, figs. 1, 3, 5, 7, 11-12, 15, 17-22. - Carpenter et al., 1996, J. Hym. Res. 5: 159-163,
164 (male genitalia; nest; phylogeny). - Carpenter et al., 2004, Am. Mus.
Novitat. 3427: 4 (key), 11, figs. 5-7, 14, 16 (
Distr.:
ujhelyii
(Ducke)
Polybia
Ujhelyii Ducke, 1909, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl.
Hung. 7: 626, female - [
Occipitalia traili morph ujhelyi [!]; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 198 (key), 199.
Polybia
traili; Garcia, 1978, Rev. Peru Entomol. 21: 19, figs. 48-51 (nest;
Occipitalia ujhelyi [!]; Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para.
Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (list).
Occipitalia traili; Sarmiento, 1994,
Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (
Asteloeca ujhelyii; Carpenter et
al., 2004, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3427: 4 (key), 9, figs. 3-4, 80, 12-13, 15,
17-18 (
Distr.:
Genus
Brachygastra Perty
Brachygastra Perty, 1833, Delect. Anim. Artic. Brasil. Coll.: 145, genus (2
species).
Type species: Brachygastra analis
Perty, 1833 [= Polistes lecheguana Latreille, 1824], by
subsequent designation of Bequaert, 1933, Entomologica Am. 13: 89.
Nectarina Swainson and Shuckard, 1840, Cab. Cyclop. no. 129: 183. Unnecessary replacement name for Brachygastra Perty, 1833, thought to be
preoccupied by Brachygaster Leach,
1817 (Hymenoptera).
Melissaia Shuckard, 1841, in White,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7: 320, footnote.
Unnecessary replacement name for Nectarina
Swainson and Shuckard, 1840, thought to be preoccupied by Nectarinia Illiger, 1811 (Aves).
Brachygaster de Saussure, 1853, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 1: 171, footnote. Incorrect spelling of Brachygastra Perty.
Nectarinia de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 225; H. von Ihering, 1896,
Zool. Anz. 19: 451, 453; Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia: 460;
Reid, 1942, Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 92: 313-315. Incorrect spelling of Nectarina Swainson and Shuckard.
Caba R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paulista 6: 103, 105, replacement
name for “Nectarina Schuckard, 1840”. Unnecessary replacement name for Nectarina Swainson and Shuckard, 1840,
thought to be preoccupied by Nectarinia
Illiger, 1811 (Aves).
albula Richards
Brachygastra albula Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 164 (key), 177, female - “
Distr.:
augusti
(de Saussure)
Nectarinia
Augusti de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 226
(key), 233, female - “Le Brésil. Capit. de Saint Paul,
Nectarina
augusti; Gribodo, 1892 (1891), Boll. Soc. Entomol.
Ital. 23: 254 (var.;
Nectarinia
Augusti var. quinta
R. von Ihering, 1903, Ann. Soc. Entomol.
Caba
augusti; R. von
Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 106, 107.
Caba
augusti var. quinta;
R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul.
6: 108, pl. 4 fig. 3.
Chartergus
amazonicus Cameron, 1906, Zeitschr. Syst. Hym.
Dipt. 6: 380, female - “Cararamer-Amazonia” (
Brachygastra augusti; Bequaert, 1944,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 271; 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol.
Brachygastra augusti augusti; Araujo, 1960, Studia Entomol.
(N. S.) 3: 252 (
Distr.: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia:
Amazonas, Boyacá, Caldas, Caquetá, Cauca, Putumayo, Santander, Tolima, Valle;
Venezuela: Anzoátegui, Bolívar, Carabobo, D. F., Yaracuy; Guyana; Suriname;
French Guiana; Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Cajamarca, Huánuco, Loreto, Pasco, San
Martín; Brazil: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, D. F., Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais,
Pará, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo; Bolivia: Beni, La Paz, Pando, Santa
Cruz; Paraguay: Concepción, San Pedro, Amambay, Canindeyú, Alto Paraná, Guairá;
Argentina: Misiones.
azteca
(de Saussure)
Nectarinia
azteca de Saussure, 1857, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) 9
(6): 280 - “Le Mexique (des terres chaudes de la province de
Chartergus
mexicanus Cameron, 1906, Invert. Pacif. 1: 154,
female - “
Brachygastra
azteca; Naumann, 1968, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 47:
938 (key), 940, figs. 25-30, 33 (syn.: Chartergus
mexicanus Cameron; female, male, nest; ethology;
Distr.: Mexico: Chiapas, Chihuahua,
Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit,
Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Sonora.
baccalaurea
(R. von Ihering)
Nectarinia
baccalaurea R. von Ihering, 1903, Ann. Soc. Entomol.
Caba
baccalaurea; R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul.
6: 106, pl. 4 fig. 4.
Brachygastra baccalaurea; Naumann,
1968, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 47: 937 (key), 959, figs. 61, 65 (female, male;
Distr.:
bilineolata
Spinola
Brachygastra
bilineolata Spinola, 1841, Ann. Soc. Entomol.
Brachygastra
dorsolineata [!]; Spinola, 1841, Ann. Soc. Entomol.
Nectarinia
bilineolata; de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2:
226 (key), 228, 231 (bilineata [!]);
1855, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: pl. XXXIV fig. 2. - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5:
136. - Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 218 (
Nectarina
bilineolata; Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 86
(cat.). - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 322 (
Odynerus
Antillarum Provancher, 1888, Addit. Faune
Caba
bilineolata; R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul.
6: 106, 111.
Caba
bilineolata var. fasciata R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 106 (key), 112 - “
Nectarina
smithi [!] var.
fasciata; Ducke, 1905, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, Pará 4: 663.
Nectarina
bilineolata var. smithi [!]; Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1938, Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond.
87: 184. Misidentification.
Brachygastra
bilineolata var. antillarum; Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Brachygastra
bilineolata var. smithii; Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Brachygastra
bilineolata var. (or subsp.) surinamensis Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Distr.: Colombia: Magdalena, Meta;
Venezuela: Amacuro, Anzoátegui, Bolívar; Trinidad; Guyana; Suriname; French
Guiana; Peru: Cajamarca, Loreto, Pasco; Brazil: Amazonas, Goiás, Mato Grosso,
Pará, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Santa Catarina, São Paulo; Bolivia: Beni, La
Paz, Santa Cruz.
borellii
(Zavattari)
Caba
Borellii Zavattari, 1906, Bol. Mus. Anat. Comp. R.
Univ. Torino 21 (523): 1, female - “
Nectarina
lecheguana var. Borellii;
Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 482.
Brachygastra lecheguana var. borellii; Willink, 1952, Acta Zool.
Lilloana 10: 146.
Brachygastra borellii; Naumann, 1968,
Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 47: 939 (key), 991, fig. 65 (female;
Distr.:
buyssoni
(Ducke)
Nectarina
Buyssoni Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Brachygastra buyssoni; Naumann, 1968,
Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 47: 937 (key), 975, figs. 50, 66 (female;
Distr.:
fistulosa
Naumann
Brachygastra
fistulosa Naumann, 1968, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull.
47: 938 (key), 949, figs. 31-32, 34, female - “Corupá, Est.
Distr.:
lecheguana
(Latreille)
Vespa
sericea Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 266 - “
Polistes
lecheguana Latreille, 1824, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris 11: 317, female - “Brésil” (Paris); also from
Brachygastra
analis Perty, 1833, Delect. Anim. Artic. Brasil.
Coll.: 146, pl. 28 fig. 6 - [
Vespa
lecheguana; Swainson and Shuckard, 1840, Cab.
Cyclop. no. 129: 183.
Brachygastra
velutina Spinola, 1841, Ann. Soc. Entomol.
Melissaia lecheguana; White, 1841,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7: 320 (syn.: B.
analis Perty).
Epipone [!] lecheguana; Curtis,
1844, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 19: 258 (syn.: Brachygaster [!] analis
Perty).
Brachygastra
aurulenta Erichson, 1848, in Schomburgk, Reisen Br.-Guiana III: 590 - “Britisch-Guiana” (?
Nectarinia
binotata de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 226
(key), 230, male - [French Guiana] “
Nectarinia
analis; de
Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 226 (key), 230. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen.
Ins. 19: 86 (Nectarina; cat.).
Nectarinia
velutina; de
Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 226 (key), 231. - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br.
Mus. 5: 137.
Nectarina
velutina; Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 86
(cat.). - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 321 (Nectarina;
Nectarinia
lecheguana; de
Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 226 (key), 232, pl. XXX; 1855, Ét. Fam. Vesp.
2: pl. XXXIV fig. 3. - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 136. - Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 459 (
Chartergus
sericeus; Möbius, 1856, Abhand. Naturw. Vereins
Nectarinia
aurulenta; Smith,
1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 137. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 86 (Nectarina; cat.).
Nectarinia
sericeus; de Saussure, 1867, Reise Novara, Zool. 2
(2), Hym.: 22 (compared to N. möbiana n. sp.).
Caba
lecheguana; R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul.
6: 106.
Caba
analis; R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6:
107.
Caba
binotata; R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6:
107.
Nectarina
lecheguana var. binotata;
du Buysson, 1905, Ann. Soc. Entomol.
Nectarina
lecheguana var. velutina;
du Buysson, 1905, Ann. Soc. Entomol.
Caba
lecheguana var. velutina;
Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino 21 (529): 3 (
Brachygastra lecheguana; Bequaert,
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 271 (key), 272 [partim]. - Naumann, 1968,
Brachygastra
lecheguana var. velutina;
Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 272 (list); 1949 (1948), Bol.
Entomol.
Distr.: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia:
Antioquía, Atlantico, Bolívar, Guajira, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño,
Santander, Tolima; Venezuela: Amacuro, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Guarico*, D.
F., Trujillo, Zulia; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador: Guayas; Peru:
Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Loreto, Piura, Tumbes; Brazil: Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará,
D. F., Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará,
Paraná, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de
Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo; Bolivia: Beni, Santa Cruz;
Paraguay: Alto Paraguay, Presidente Hayes, Concepción, Canindeyú, Caagazú, San
Pedro, Central, Cordillera, Paraguarí, Guairá, Alto Paraná, Misiones; Uruguay;
Argentina: Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios,
Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fé, San Luis,
Santiago del Estero, Tucumán.
mellifica
(Say)
Polistes
mellifica Say, 1837, Boston J. Nat. Hist. 1: 390,
female, male - “
Nectarinia
mellifica; de
Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 226 (key), 233; 1858, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: pl.
XXX bis. - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 137.
Nectarina
mellifica; Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
318 (ecology).
Nectarina
mellifera Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Insect. 19:
86. Invalid emendation.
Caba
mellifica; Barber, 1905, Proc. Entomol.
Chartergus
aztecus Cameron, 1906, Invert. Pacif. 1: 154,
female - “
Chartergus
arizonaensis Cameron, 1907, Invert. Pacif. 1: 181
(also spelled arizonensis [!]), 182
(key), female - [
Chartergus
centralis Cameron, 1907, Invert. Pacif. 1: 181, 182
(key), female - “
Nectarina
cameroni Meade-Waldo, 1911, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
(8) 7: 112. Replacement name for Chartergus aztecus Cameron, 1906.
Nectarina lecheguana; Schwarz, 1929, Nat. Hist. 29: 421-426, 5 figs. (nest, honey
production).
Brachygastra mellifica; Naumann, 1968,
Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 47: 939 (key), 978, figs. 22-24 (syns.: C. arizonaensis Cameron, C. centralis Cameron, N. cameroni Meade-Waldo; female, male,
nest; ethology; Belize; Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Mexico;
U. S. A.). - Windsor, 1976, Biotropica 8: 112 (
Distr.: U. S. A.: AZ, TX; Mexico: Baja
California, Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco,
México; Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí,
Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán; Belize; Guatemala; El
Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica.
moebiana (de Saussure)
Nectarinia
möbiana de Saussure, 1867, Reise Novara, Zool. 2
(2), Hym.: 22, female - “
Nectarinia bilineolata; Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 459 (
Caba
moebiana; R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6:
106.
Nectarina
bilineolata var. Mobiana; du Buysson, 1905, Ann. Soc. Entomol.
Nectarina
bilineolata moebiana;
Ducke, 1918, Rev. Mus. Paul. 10: 327.
Brachygastra moebiana; Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 164 (key), 175. - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Distr.:
mouleae Richards
Brachygastra
mouleae Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 164 (key),
170, female - “
Distr.:
myersi
Bequaert
Brachygastra
scutellaris var. (or subsp.) myersi Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Brachygastra myersi; Richards and
Richards, 1951, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 26. - Richards, 1978, Soc.
Wasps Am.: 164 (key), 168. - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359
(list).
Distr.:
propodealis
Bequaert
Brachygastra
bilineolata var. (or subsp.) propodealis Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Brachygastra propodealis; Naumann,
1968, Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 47: 938 (key), 973 (female;
Distr.:
scutellaris
(Fabricius)
Vespa
scutellaris Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 265 - “
Brachygastra scutellaris; Perty, 1833,
Delect. Anim. Artic. Brasil. Coll.: 146. - Spinola, 1841, Ann. Soc. Entomol.
Brachygastra
scutellata Spinola, 1851, preprint of Mem. R.
Accad. Sci. Torino (2) 13: 58, female - “Brèsil” (
Nectarinia
rufiventris de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2:
226, female - [
Nectarinia scutellata; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 226 (key), 227. - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5:
136. - Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 459 (
Chartergus scutellaris; Möbius,
1856, Nester Gesell. Wespen: 23, 34 (key), pl. XV (nest;
Nectarina scutellata; Gribodo, 1892
(1891), Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 23: 254 (var.;
Nectarina
scutellata var.
rufiventris; Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 322. - du Buysson,
1905, Ann. Soc. Entomol.
Caba
rufiventris; R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 106, 108.
Nectarina
scutellata var.
Gribodoi du Buysson, 1905, Ann. Soc. Entomol.
Nectarina scutellaris; Ducke, 1905,
Rev. Entomol., Caen 24: 11 (syns.: scutellata
Spinola, rufiventris de Saussure;
nest); 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 662 (Brazil), 663; 1906, Rev. Entomol.,
Caen 25: 6 (Nectarina; nest; Brazil);
1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 478 (key), 479 (syn.: N. scutellata var. Gribodoi du Buysson; female, male, nest; Brazil).
Brachygastra
scutellaris var. (or subsp.) annectens Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Brachygastra
scutellaris var. rufiventris; Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Brachygastra
scutellaris var. gribodoi; Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Brachygastra
scutellaris var. (or subsp.) colombiensis Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Distr.: Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama;
Colombia: Boyacá, Meta, Putumayo, Santander; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana;
Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Cuzco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Pasco; Brazil: Acre, Amapá,
Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro,
Rondônia; Bolivia: Beni, Cochabamba.
smithii
(de Saussure)
Nectarinia
smithii de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 226
(key), 229, pl. XXXI fig. 8, female - “Le Brésil.
Nectarina Smithi [!]; Dalla Torre,
1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 86, pl. 6 fig. 7 (cat.). - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
Pará 4: 322, pl. 1 fig. 1 (smithii;
nest; Brazil); 1905, Rev. Entomol., Caen 24: 11 (Smithi [!]; nest); 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 662 (Nectarina smithi [!]; Brazil). - du
Buysson, 1905, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 74: 546 (key), 550, pl. 12 figs. 12,
14-15, pl. 13 fig. 1 (Smithi [!];
French Guiana; Suriname; Peru; Brazil).
Caba
smithi [!]; R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 106.
Nectarina bilineolata var.
smithi[!]; Ducke, 1907, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, Pará 5: 156, 157; 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 480, fig. 4
(syn.: bilineolata var. fasciata R. von Ihering; Brazil). -
Nectarina
bilineolata smithii;
Ducke, 1918, Rev. Mus. Paul. 10: 327.
Brachygastra bilineolata var. smithii; Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Brachygastra smithii; Naumann, 1968,
Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 47: 938 (key), 968, figs. 46-49, 57-58, 60, 62-64, 67 (female,
male, nest; Costa Rica; Guatemala; Honduras; Mexico; Panama; Bolivia; Brazil;
Colombia; French Guiana; Peru; Suriname). - Windsor, 1976, Biotropica 8: 112 (
Distr.:
Genus
Chartergellus Bequaert
Chartergellus Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol.,
Type species: Vespa frontalis Fabricius,
1804 [= Chartergellus amazonicus Richards, 1978, replacement
name for Vespa frontalis Fabricius, 1804, non
Latreille, 1802], by original designation and monotypy.
afoveatus Cooper
Chartergellus
afoveatus Cooper, 1993, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 129: 165,
female, male - “
Distr.:
amazonicus
Richards
Vespa
frontalis Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 265 - “
Chartergus
ater de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 217
(key), 222 - “Le Brésil” (?
Chartergus frontalis; Möbius, 1856,
Abhand. Naturw. Vereins
Parachartergus
ater; Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Pseudochartergus [!] frontalis; Ducke, 1907, Zeitschr. Hymenopterol.
Dipterol. 2: 141.
Parachartergus frontalis; Ducke, 1907,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5: 157, 160 (
Chartergellus
amazonicus Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 217, 218
(key), 220 [replacement name for Vespa
frontalis Fabricius]. - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 360 (
? Chartergellus
frontalis; Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 9
(list).
Distr.:
atectus
Richards
Chartergellus
atectus Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 218 (key),
220, fig. 89, female, male - “
Distr.:
communis
Richards
Chartergus ater; Fox, 1898, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 457 (
Chartergus frontalis; Bequaert,
1938, Rev. Entomol.,
Chartergellus
communis Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 218, fig.
88, female, male - “BRAZIL: MT, base camp, 12°50'S, 51°47'W” (holotype female
Rio de Janeiro); also from two other localities in Mato Grosso, and Goiás,
Minas Gerais, Maranhão. - Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus.
60 (3): 220 (note on material seen by Fox and Bequaert). - Almeida and Castro,
1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Distr.:
nigerrimus Richards
Chartergellus
nigerrimus Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 217
(key), 222, female - “
Distr.:
punctatior
Richards
Chartergellus
punctatior Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 218
(key), 221, fig. 90, female, male - “
Distr.:
sanctus Richards
Chartergellus
sanctus Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 217 (key),
223, female - “
Distr.:
zonatus
(Spinola)
Chartergus
zonatus Spinola, 1851, preprint of Mem. R. Accad.
Sci. Torino (2) 13: 57, female - [
Parachartergus frontalis var. zonatus; Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat.
Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 533 (
Chartergellus
zonatus; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 218
(unrecognized species). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Distr.:
Genus
Charterginus Fox
Charterginus Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 458, genus.
Type species: Charterginus fulvus Fox,
1898, by original designation.
Hypochartergus Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Musei Zool. Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino 21
(529): 6, genus.
Type species: Hypochartergus carinatus Zavattari, 1906, by monotypy.
carinatus
(Zavattari)
Hypochartergus
carinatus Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat.
Comp. R. Univ. Torino 21 (529): 7, figs. 1-5, female - [
Charterginus carinatus; Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 467 (female; key;
Distr.:
fulvus
Fox
Charterginus
fulvus Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.:
458, 459, female - “
Polybia
fulva; Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 340,
pl. 1 fig. 3 (in subgenus Charterginus;
male, nest;
Distr.:
nevermanni
Bequaert
Charterginus
nevermanni Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol., Rio de
Janeiro 9: 99, fig.1, pl. 3, female, nest (in subgenus Hypochartergus) - “COSTA RICA: 20 kilom. North of Siquirres and
about 12 kilom. from the Atlantic Ocean” (
Distr.:
weyrauchi
Richards
Charterginus
weyrauchi Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 128,
female - “
Distr.:
xanthurus (de
Saussure)
Polybia
huberi Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 341,
female, nest (in subgenus Charterginus)
- [
Charterginus huberi; Ducke, 1905, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 669, fig. 7, pl. II fig. 8a-b (nest); 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 467 (female, nest; key; Brazil; French Guiana).
- Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol.,
Polybia
fulvicauda Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 208 (key),
210, female - locality not stated [
Charterginus aberrans; Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 128 (key), 131, fig. 66.
Ropalidia
xanthura; Richards, 1978, Austr. J. Zool., Suppl.
Ser. 61: 57 (in subgenus Polistratus;
list), 121 (key).
Charterginus xanthura; Kojima and
Carpenter, 1998, Entomol. Sci. 1: 417, figs. 2-12, 22-23 (syn.:
Distr.:
zavattarii
Richards
Charterginus
zavattarii Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 128
(key), 129, fig. 65, female - “
Distr.:
Genus
Chartergus Lepeletier
Chartergus Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1: 542, genus (2 species).
Type species: Vespa nidulans Fabricius,
1793 [= Vespa artifex surinamensis Christ, 1791], by subsequent designation of
Blanchard, 1840, Hist. Nat. Anim. Artic. 3: 395.
Chatergus Erichson, 1838, Arch. Naturgesch. 4 (2): 237; H. von Ihering, 1927,
Gesch. Atlant. Ozeans: 180.
Incorrect spelling of Chartergus
Lepeletier.
Chartoteuchium Börner, 1919, Biol. Zbl. 39: 186, genus. Nomen
nudum.
Chartegus Bequaert, 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol. Venezolana 7: 131. Incorrect spelling of Chartergus Lepeletier.
Chartoteuchium Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 132; reference to Chartoteuchium Börner.
Type species: Vespa chartaria Olivier, 1792 [= Vespa
artifex surinamensis Christ, 1791],
by original designation.
artifex (Christ)
Vespa
artifex surinamensis
Christ, 1791, Naturgesch. Ins.: 226, pl. 20 - “
Vespa
chartaria Olivier, 1792, Encyc. Méthod. 6 (2): 687
- “de Cayenne & de Surinam” (type lost). - Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol.,
Vespa
nidulans Fabricius, 1793, Entomol. Syst. 2: 271 - [
Epipona
nidulans; Latreille, 1802, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins.
3: 365; 1809, Gen. Crust. Ins. 4: pl. XIV fig. 6; 1824, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris 11: 316 (compared to Polistes
lecheguana n. sp.). - Curtis, 1844, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 19: 258 (Epipone [!]; syn.: E. chartaria “Lat.”).
Vespa
chartifex Vallot, 1802,
Epipona
chartaria; Latreille, 1804, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins.
13: 102, pl. XIV figs. 6-7; 1805, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. 13: 349, pl. CII figs.
6-7 (Epipone [!]). - Bequaert, 1938,
Rev. Entomol.,
Polistes
nidulans; Lepeletier and Serville, 1825, Encyc.
Méthod. 10: 172. - Guérin, 1844, Icon. Règne Anim. Ins., Atlas: pl. 72, fig. 7.
Chartergus
nidulans; Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1:
546.- White, 1841, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7: 315.
Chartergus chartarius; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 217 (key), 220 (syns.: V. artifex surinamensis
Christ, V. chartifex Vallot, V. nidulans Fabricius). - Möbius, 1856,
Nester Gesell. Wespen: 34 (key), pl. XIII fig. 6. - Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philad.: 457 (
Chartergus
tuberculatus Cameron, 1906, Invert. Pacif. 1: 155,
male - “Rio Branco,
Chartergus
artifex; Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259:
1, 8.
Distr.:
globiventris de Saussure
Chartergus
globiventris de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2:
217 (key), 221, pl. XXXI fig. 3, female - “Le Brésil” (
Chartergus chartarius var. globiventris; Ducke, 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 484, fig. 5.
Epipona globiventris; Bequaert,
1938, Rev. Entomol.,
Distr.:
metanotalis
Richards
Chartergus
metanotalis Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 132
(key), 135, fig. 70, female, male - “BRAZIL: MT, base camp, 12°50'S, 51°47'W”
(holotype female Rio de Janeiro); also from elsewhere in Mato Grosso, Goiás,
Acre, Pará; and Ecuador. - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Distr.:
Genus
Clypearia de Saussure
Clypearia de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 165, subgenus of Polybia Lepeletier.
Type species: Polistes apicipennis
Spinola, 1851, by monotypy.
Occipitalia Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: v, 11, 198, genus.
Type species: Polybia sulcata de Saussure, 1854, by original designation.
Occiitalia Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 16. Incorrect spelling of Occipitalia Richards.
angustior
Ducke
Clypearia
angustior Ducke, 1906, Rev. Entomol.,
Distr.:
apicipennis
(Spinola)
Polistes
apicipennis Spinola, 1851, preprint of Mem. R.
Accad. Sci. Torino (2) 13: 59, female - [
Polybia apicipennis; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 166, pl. XVIII fig. 6 (in subgenus Clypearia). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen.
Ins. 19: 76 (cat.). - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 341, pl. 1 fig. 4
(nest;
Clypearia apicipennis; Ducke, 1905,
Rev. Entomol.,
Distr.:
duckei
Richards
Clypearia
duckei Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 193 (key),
196, female, male - “
Distr.:
humeralis
Richards
Clypearia
humeralis Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 192
(key), 195, female - “
Distr.:
naumanni Richards
Clypearia
naumanni Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 193 (key),
197, female - “
Distr.:
nigrior
Richards
Clypearia
nigrior Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 193 (key),
195, female - “
Distr.:
sulcata
(de Saussure)
Polybia
sulcata de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 175,
pl. XXII fig. 4, female (in division Iota)
- “Le Brésil” (
Clypearia
sp.; Evans and West-Eberhard, 1970, Wasps: fig. 92
(nest).
Occipitalia sulcata; Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 198 (key), 199. - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi
(N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (list). - Raw, 1985, Rev. Bras. Entomol. 29: 185, figs.
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 1314, 16. - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (
Clypearia
sulcata; Carpenter et al., 1996, J. Hym. Res. 5: 157-164, fig. 1 (male genitalia;
larva; nest; phylogeny; ethology; Peru).
Distr.:
weyrauchi
Richards
Clypearia
weyrauchi Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 192
(key), 196, fig. 83, female - “
Distr.:
Genus
Epipona Latreille
Epipona Latreille, 1802, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. 3: 364, genus (2 species).
Type species: “Epipona morio = Polistes morio Fabricius = Epipone
tatua Lepeletier” [= Vespa tatua Cuvier, 1797; Vespa
morio Fabricius, 1798, is a junior
subjective synonym], by subsequent designation of Blanchard, 1840, Hist. Nat.
Anim. Artic. 3: 394.
Epipone Latreille, 1805, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. 13: 349. Incorrect spelling of Epipona Latreille.
Tatua de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 213. Unnecessary replacement name for Epipona Latreille, 1802, incorrectly
regarded as preoccupied by Latreille as a name for a section of the genus Odynerus Latreille.
Coloboclypeus Brèthes, 1926, Nunquam Otiosus (2) 5: 12, genus.
Type species: Coloboclypeus
guerini
(de Saussure)
Tatua
guerini de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 215,
female - “Le Mexique” (
Epipona guerini; ? Windsor, 1976,
Biotropica 8: 112 (
Epipona quadrituberculata;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 159 (key), 162, fig. 77 [misidentification]. -
Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 1, 8 (guerini sensu Richards a misidentification).
Epipona
Distr.:
media
Cooper
Epipona media Cooper, 2002, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 138:
143, 146 (key), female, male - “
Distr.:
Coloboclypeus
Epipona guerini; Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 159 (key), 162, fig. 76 (syn.: Coloboclypeus
? Tatua
tatua; Maes, 1988, Rev. Nicarag. Entomol. 5: 80, 83 (
Epipona
Distr.:
quadrituberculata
(Gribodo)
Tatua
quadrituberculata Gribodo, 1892 (1891), Boll. Soc.
Entomol. Ital. 23: 251, female - [
Epipona quadrituberculata; Cooper, 2002, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 138:
145 (key), figs. 5, 11 (
Distr.:
tatua
(Cuvier)
Vespa
tatua Cuvier, 1797, Bull. Soc. Philomath.
Vespa
morio Fabricius, 1798, Suppl. Entomol. Syst.: 264 -
[
Epipona tatua; Latreille, 1802,
Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. 3: 365; 1805, Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins. 13: 350 (Epipone [!]); 1809, Gen. Crust. Ins. 4:
141. - Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1: 540. - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.
94: 277 [partim]; 1949 (1948), Bol.
Entomol.
Polistes
morio; Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 279. -
Lepeletier and Serville, 1825, Encyc. Méthod. 10: 172. - Latreille, 1829,
Crust. Arach. Ins. 2: 339.
Chartergus
morio; Curtis, 1844, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 19:
258 (syn.: tatua Cuvier).
Tatua
morio; de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 214,
pl. XXXI fig. 1, pl. XXXII. - Möbius, 1856, Nester Gesell. Wespen: 34 (key). -
Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 457 (
Tatua
tatua; Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 82, pl. 6
fig. 1 (cat.; syn.: morio Fabricius).
- Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Epipona morio; Theraulez and
Bonabeau, 1995, J. Theor. Biol. 177: fig. 1d (nest).
Distr.:
Genus
Leipomeles Möbius
Leipomeles Möbius, 1856, Nester Gesell. Wespen: 25, genus.
Type species: Leipomeles lamellaria
Möbius, 1856 [= Polistes dorsata Fabricius, 1804], by monotypy.
Lipomeles Schulz, 1906, Spolia Hym.: 232. Unjustified emendation of Leipomeles Möbius.
Marimbonda Richards, 1978, Social Wasps Am.: v, 10, 201, genus.
Type species: Marimbonda albogrisea Richards, 1978, by original designation.
albogrisea
(Richards)
Marimbonda
albogrisea Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 201
(key), 202, fig. 84, female, male - “
Distr.:
dorsata
(Fabricius)
Polistes
dorsata Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 281 - “
Polybia dorsata; de Saussure, 1854,
Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 212, species dubiae. - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus.
Natl. Hung. 8: 540, species dubiae.
Leipomeles
lamellaria Möbius, 1856, Nester Gesell. Wespen: 26,
35 (key), pl. XVII, female, nest - “Brasilien” (?
Polybia
nana de Saussure, 1863, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat.
Genève 17: 240, pl. 2 fig. 28, female (in division Alpha) - “Brésil” (
Lipomeles lamellaria; Dalla Torre,
1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 81, pl. 5 fig. 7 (cat.).
Polybia
lamellaria; Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
348 (key), 357 (
Polybia
sulciscutis Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 208
(key), 215, female - locality not stated [
Lipomeles [!] dorsata;
Protopolybia sulciscutis; Bequaert,
1944, Rev. Entomol.,
Leipomeles dorsata; Bequaert, 1944,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 304. - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 214, fig. 87.
- Schremmer, 1983, Zool. Anz. 211: 95-107 (nest); 1986, Öko-L 8 (nest). -
Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Distr.:
pusilla
(Ducke)
Chartergus
pusillus Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
325, 329 (key), 336, female - [
Parachartergus pusillus; Ducke, 1905,
Rev. Entomol., Caen 24: 15; 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 667; 1907, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5: 159 (key); 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 528
(key), 530.
Pseudopolybia pusilla; Ducke, 1914,
Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.) 36: 319, 327; 1918, Rev. Mus. Paul. 10: 349. - Bequaert,
1938, Rev. Entomol.,
Marimbonda pusilla; Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 201 (key), 202, fig. 84. - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio
Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 9 (list).
Distr.:
spilogastra
(Cameron)
Polybia
spilogastra Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 208
(key), 213, female - locality not stated [
Pseudopolybia
pusilla; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94:
298 (key), 299. - Richards, 1951, in
Richards and Richards, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 85. Misidentification.
Leipomeles nana; Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 214 (key), 215 (syn.: Polybia
spilogastra Cameron) [misidentification]. - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol.
Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 1, 9 (nana sensu Richards a
misidentification).
Leipomeles spilogastra; Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat.
3259: 1, 9.
Distr.:
Genus Metapolybia Ducke
Metapolybia Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Type species: Polybia pediculata de
Saussure, 1854 [= Eumenes cingulata Fabricius, 1804], by monotypy.
acincta
Richards
Metapolybia
acincta Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 184 (key),
185, female - “
Distr.:
azteca
Araujo
Metapolybia
azteca Araujo, 1945, Arq. Inst. Biol. São Paulo 16:
66 (key), 79, figs. 7-9, female - “Basse-Mistèque, État d'Oaxaca, Rio Mariscala
... México” (lectotype
Distr.:
aztecoides
Richards
Polybia pediculata; Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 449 [partim].
Metapolybia
aztecoides West-Eberhard, 1975, Cespedesia 4 (16):
254. Nomen nudum.
Metapolybia
aztecoides Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 184
(key), 189, female, male - “
Distr.:
bromelicola
Araujo
Metapolybia
bromelicola Araujo, 1945, Arq. Inst. Biol. São
Paulo 16: 66 (key), 80, figs. 10-12, pl. 13 fig. B, pl. 14 fig. G, female, male
- [Brazil:] “Itatiaia, Est. do Rio de Janeiro; alt. 700 m” (São Paulo). -
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 184 (key), 191 (“Holotype” male Inst. Biol.,
Distr.:
cingulata
(Fabricius)
Eumenes
cingulata Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 287 - “
Polybia
pediculata de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2:
205, female (in division My) - “Le
Brésil” (
Metapolybia pediculata; Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 488 (syns.: P. suffusa Fox, T. decorata
Gribodo; female, male, nest;
Metapolybia cingulata; Bequaert,
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 276. - Araujo, 1945, Arq. Inst. Biol. São
Paulo 16: 66 [partim]. - Bequaert,
1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol.
Distr.:
decorata
(Gribodo)
Tatua
decorata Gribodo, 1896, Miscnea. Entomol. 4: 13 - “Pevas
(Amazonum Fl.)” [
Metapolybia
cingulata; Araujo, 1945, Arq. Inst. Biol. São Paulo
16: 66, pl. 13 figs. A, C, pl. 14 figs. E-F [partim].
Misidentification.
Metapolybia decorata; Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 184 (key), 186 (
Distr.:
docilis
Richards
Metapolybia
docilis West-Eberhard, 1975, Cespedesia 4 (16):
263. Nomen nudum.
Metapolybia
docilis Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 184 (key),
186, female, male - “
Distr.:
encantata Cooper
Metapolybia
encantata Cooper, 1999, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 135:
107, figs. 1-4, female, male, nest - “
Distr.:
mesoamerica Smethurst and Carpenter
Metapolybia
mesoamerica Smethurst and Carpenter, 1998 (1997),
J.
Distr.:
nigra Richards
Metapolybia
nigra Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 184 (key),
190, female - “
Distr.:
rufata Richards
Metapolybia
rufata Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 184 (key),
190, female - “
Distr.:
servilis Cooper
Metapolybia
servilis Cooper, 1999, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 135: 107,
108, figs. 5-6, female, male - “COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Las Juntas de
Abangares, ... in disturbed, deciduous, dry forest, in entrance to abandoned
gold mine, on beam” (holotype female London); also from Panama; Paraguay.
Distr.:
silvicola Cooper
Metapolybia
silvicola Cooper, 1999, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 135:
108, female - “
Distr.:
suffusa
(Fox)
Polybia
suffusa Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.:
455, female - “
Metapolybia
pediculata var.
rufopicta Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 488 - “Bolivie”
(
Metapolybia suffusa; Bequaert, 1944,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 276. - Araujo, 1945, Arq. Inst. Biol. São Paulo 16:
74, figs. 1-3, pl. 13 fig. D (syn.: pediculata
rufopicta Ducke). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 184 (key), 188. -
Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Distr.:
unilineata
(R. von Ihering)
Polybia pediculata; Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 449 [partim].
Polybia
pediculata var. unilineata
R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus.
Paul. 6: 184, male, female - [
Metapolybia unilineata; Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 184 (key), 188. - Raw, 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj.,
Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 36 (nest;
Distr.:
Genus
Nectarinella Bequaert
Nectarinella Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol.,
Type species: Nectarina championi
championi
(
Nectarina
championi
Chartergus
championi; Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol.,
Parachartergus championi; Skutch, 1971, Nat. Costa Rica: 265, fig. (nest;
Nectarinella championi; Schremmer,
1977, Entomol. Germ. 3 (4): 344-355, figs. 1-7 (nest;
Distr.:
xavantinensis
Mateus and Noll
Nectarinella
xavantinensis Mateus and Noll, 1998 (1997), J.
Distr.:
Genus
Parachartergus R. von Ihering
Parachartergus R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev.
Mus. Paul. 6: 128, genus.
Type species: Parachartergus bentobuenoi
R. von Ihering, 1904 [= Chartergus griseus Fox, 1898], by monotypy.
Parachatergus H. von Ihering, 1927, Gesch. Atlant. Ozeans: 80. Incorrect spelling of Parachartergus R. von Ihering.
amazonensis
Ducke
Parachartergus
amazonensis Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Parachartergus
fulgidipennis var. amazonensis; Ducke, 1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5: 159 (syn.: Chartergus
flavofasciatus Cameron); 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 533
(nest;
Chartergus
fulgidipennis var. amazonensis; Bequaert, 1938,
Rev. Entomol.,
Parachartergus
fulgidipennis; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 206
(key), 210 [misidentification]. - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi
(N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359
(
Distr.:
apicalis (Fabricius)
Vespa
apicalis Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 260 - “
Chartergus
ater Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1: 546,
female - “sans indication de patrie” (?
Polistes apicalis; Haliday, 1836,
Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 323 (
Chartergus apicalis; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 217 (syn.: Chartergus
ater Lepeletier;
Parachartergus apicalis; Ducke, 1905,
Rev. Entomol., Caen 24: 13 (nest); 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 605; 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 528 (key), 534 (syns.: C. ater Lepeletier, C.
fraternus Gribodo, C. concolor
Gribodo; female, ethology; parasite: Seminota
mexicana Cresson (Trigonalyidae); Mexico; Brazil; Paraguay) [partim]. - Zikán, 1935, Arq. Inst. Biol.
Veget. 1 (3): pl 1 fig. 3 (nest). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94:
302 (key), 303 (records from Guianas may be fraternus).
- Willink, 1959, Acta Zool. Lill. 17: 266 (key), 268, figs. 1-4. - Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 204 (key), 207, fig. 85. - Rodriguez-Palafox, 1988, Fol.
Entomol. Mex. 77: 500 (key), 506, figs. 3.4, 6.4. - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol.
Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (list). - Ladron De Guevara et al., 1995, Amino Acids 9 (2): 161-173 (amino acid content). -
West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym.
Distr.: Mexico: Colima, Guerrero,
Jalisco, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco,
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán; Belize; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa
Rica; Panama; Colombia; Ecuador.
apicaloides
Willink
Parachartergus
apicaloides Willink, 1959, Acta Zool. Lill. 17:
263, 267 (key), 271, figs. 5-9, female, male - “R. Papagaio, Guerrero, Méjico”
(holotype female
Distr.:
aztecus
Willink
Parachartergus
aztecus Willink, 1959, Acta Zool. Lill. 17: 263,
267 (key), 281, fig. 20, female, male - “Méjico: N. Yucatán” (holotype female
Distr.: Mexico: Chiapas, Tabasco,
Yucatán; Belize; Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Costa Rica.
colobopterus
(Lichtenstein)
Vespa
coloboptera Lichtenstein, 1796, Cat. Mus. Zool.
Dit. Hamburgi ... Sect. Tertia Ins.: 202 - “Surinamo” (type lost). - Weber,
1801, Observ. Entomol.: 102. - Kerzhner, 1994, Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 51 (2):
111, 112, 113 (proposed conservation). - Opinion 1820, 1995, Bull. Zool.
Nomencl. 52: 283 (available under the plenary powers of the ICZN).
Chartergus colobopterus; de
Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 216 (key), 218, pl. XXXI fig. 2 (
Chartergus
globiventris; Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: pl.
6 fig. 6. Misidentification.
Parachartergus colobopterus; Ducke,
1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Distr.:
flavofasciatus
(Cameron)
Chartergus
flavofasciatus Cameron, 1906, Zeitschr. Syst. Hym.
Dipt. 6: 381, female - [
Parachartergus
fulgidipennis var. flavofasciatus; Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8:
533 (
Chartergus
fulgidipennis var. flavofasciatus; Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol.,
Parachartergus flavofasciatus; Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 206 (key), 210. - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol.
Par.,
Distr.:
fraternus
(Gribodo)
Chartergus apicalis; ? Möbius, 1856,
Nester Gesell. Wespen: 21, 35 (key), pl. XIII figs. 1-5 (nest;
Chartergus
fraternus Gribodo, 1892 (1891), Boll. Soc. Entomol.
Ital. 23: 255 - [French Guiana] “Caienna” (lectotype female Genova); also from
Chartergus
concolor Gribodo, 1892 (1891), Boll. Soc. Entomol.
Ital. 23: 257, female - “
Parachartergus apicalis var. fraternus; Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Caen 24: 13; 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 534, fig. 16 (Brazil).
Parachartergus apicalis var. concolor; Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Chartergus
fraternus var.
concolor; Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 9: 109 (Panama; Colombia;
Trinidad; Guayana; French Guiana; Brazil).
Parachartergus fraternus; Bequaert,
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 302 (key), 303 (typical form); 1949 (1948),
Bol. Entomol.
Parachartergus fraternus var. concolor; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 303; 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol.
Parachartergus
pseudapicalis hialinipennis Willink, 1959, Acta
Zool. Lill. 17: 263, 268 (key), 288, female - “Diamantina, Est. de Minas
Geraes, Brasil” (
Parachartergus
pseudopicalis [!] var. hialinipennis; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 208 (syn. of P. fraternus (Gribodo)).
Distr.:
fulgidipennis
(de Saussure)
Chartergus
fulgidipennis de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2:
217 (key), 218, pl. XXXI fig. 5 - “Le Para” (holotype female
Parachartergus
bentobuenoi; Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Parachartergus
fasciipennis Ducke, 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
665, female - [
Pseudochartergus [!] fulgidipennis; Ducke,
1907, Zeitschr. Hymenopterol. Dipterol. 2: 141 (syns.: C. griseus Fox, P.
bentobuenoi R. von Ihering, P.
fasciipennis Ducke).
Parachartergus fulgidipennis; Ducke,
1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 528 (key), 533 (syns.: C. griseus Fox, P. bentobuenoi R. von Ihering, P.
fasciipennis Ducke; male;
Chartergus fulgidipennis var. fasciipennis; Bequaert, 1938, Rev.
Entomol.,
Parachartergus fulgidipennis var. fasciipennis; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 303.
Distr.:
griseus
(Fox)
Chartergus
griseus Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.:
458, 459, female - [
Parachartergus
bentobuenoi R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul.
6: 129, 239 (nest), pl. IV fig. 7, pl. V fig. 2, female, male - [
Parachartergus griseus; Ducke, 1905,
Rev. Entomol.,
Chartergus
trichiosomus Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 219,
female - locality not stated [
Chartergus fulgidipennis var. griseus; Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol.,
Parachartergus fulgidipennis var. griseus; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 303.
Distr.:
lenkoi
Richards
Parachartergus
lenkoi Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 207 (key),
213, female - “
Distr.:
pacificus
Cooper
Parachartergus pacificus Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 121, 122 (key), female, nest
- “
Distr.:
pseudapicalis
Willink
? Parachartergus
apicalis; Ducke, 1906, Rev. Entomol.,
Parachartergus
pseudapicalis Willink, 1959, Acta Zool. Lill. 17:
263, 268 (key), 285, figs. 10-12, female, male - “Brasil, Tejuca, Rio de
Janeiro” (holotype female London); also from elsewhere in Rio de Janeiro; and
Pernambuco; Bahia; São Paulo; Santa Catarina; Paraguay; Argentina. - Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 206 (key), 210 (syn.: P.
fraternus var. beniensis
Willink). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Parachartergus
fraternus beniensis Willink, 1959, Acta Zool. Lill.
17: 263, 268 (key), 281, female - “
Parachartergus
fraternus var. beniensis;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 210 (syn. of P. pseudapicalis Willink).
Distr.: Brazil: Bahia, Goiás, Mato
Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo;
Bolivia: Beni, La Paz; Paraguay: Alto Paraná; Argentina: Misiones.
richardsi
Willink
Parachartergus
fraternus; Richards and Richards, 1951, Trans.
Entomol. Soc. London 102: 81, pl. 4 figs. 30-33 [partim].
Parachartergus
richardsi Willink, 1959, Acta Zool. Lill. 17: 263,
268 (key), 289, figs. 16-19, female - “Guyana Británico, Kaietur,
Distr.: Colombia: Arauca, Caldas,
Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Putumayo; Venezuela; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana;
Bolivia: La Paz.
smithii
(de Saussure)
Chartergus
smithii de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 216
(key), 219, male - “Le Brésil” (
Chartergus
fasciatus Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.:
457, female - “
Parachartergus
colobopterus var. Smithi; Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Parachartergus
colobopterus var. fasciatus; Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Parachartergus Smithii; Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 528 (key), 534 (syn.: C. fasciatus Fox; female, male; French Guiana;
Chartergus smithii var. fasciatus; Bequaert, 1938, Rev.
Entomol.,
Distr.:
tomentosus
Willink
Parachartergus
aztecus tomentosus Willink, 1959, Acta Zool. Lill.
17: 263, 267 (key), 284, female, male - “
Parachartergus
tomentosus; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 206
(key), 208.
Distr.:
wagneri
du Buysson
Parachartergus
wagneri du Buysson, 1904, Bull. Soc. Entomol.
France 1904: 145, female - “Brésil: État de Rio Janeiro, montagnes des Orgues,
environs de la Tijuca, 500m à 1000m” (Paris). - Ducke,
1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Chartergus
wagneri; Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol.,
Distr.: Peru (?);
weyrauchi
Willink
Parachartergus
weyrauchi Willink, 1959, Acta Zool. Lill. 17: 263,
267 (key), 274, fig. 15, female, male - “Perú: Oxapampa, 1.600 m” (holotype
female
Parachartergus
weyrauchi decipiens Willink, 1959, Acta Zool. Lill.
17: 263, 267 (key), 277, female - “Divisoria, Cordillera Azul, Perú, 1.300 m
s.n.m.” (
Parachartergus
weyrauchi var. decipiens;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 207 (syn. of P. weyrauchi Willink).
Distr.:
Genus
Polybia Lepeletier
Subgenus
Alpha de Saussure
Alpha de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 167, division I of subgenus Polybia of genus Polybia Lepeletier (8 species); at plates 21 and 22: division of
genus Polybia.
Type species: Polybia bifasciata de
Saussure, 1854, by subsequent designation of Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol.,
Hypopolybia Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: v, 34, 52, subgenus of Polybia Lepeletier.
Type species: Polybia bifasciata de Saussure, 1854, by original designation.
bifasciata
de Saussure
Polybia
bifasciata de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2:
172, pl. XXII fig. 3, female (in division Alpha)
- “Le Brésil” (
Polybia
heydeniana de Saussure, 1863, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist.
Nat. Genève 17: 241, female (in division Iota)
- “Brésil” (
?
Polybia Theresiana Schulz, 1904 (1903),
Polybia bifasciata var. heydeniana; Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Distr.: Costa Rica*; Panama; Colombia:
Boyacá, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo; Guyana; Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Cuzco, Junín,
Loreto, San Martin; Brazil: Acre, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso,
Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo; Bolivia: Beni,
Cochabamba, La Paz.
signata
Ducke
Polybia
decorata Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Polybia
signata Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl.
Hung. 8: 492 (key), 510, replacement name for Polybia decorata Ducke, non
Smith, 1857 (female, nest; French Guiana; Brazil). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 278 (key), 281. - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 37 (key), 53,
fig. 48 (designation of lectotype of P.
signata; in subgenus Hypopolybia).
- Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). -
Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 11
(list). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Distr.:
quadricincta
de Saussure
Polybia
quadricincta de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2:
173, female (in division Alpha) - “?
L'Amérique” (
Polybia
cordata Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 129,
female - “
Polybia
“bifasciata nov.
var. restrepoensis Bequaert”
Weyrauch, 1943, Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado 7: 73. Nomen
nudum.
Polybia
“bifasciata nov.
var mellipennis Bequaert” Weyrauch, 1943, Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Javier Prado 7: 73. Nomen nudum.
Polybia
“bifasciata nov.
var xanthopyga Bequaert” Weyrauch,
1943, Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado 7: 73. Nomen
nudum.
Polybia bifasciata var. quadricincta; Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Polybia bifasciata var. cordata; Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Polybia
bifasciata var. (or subsp.) restrepoensis Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Polybia
bifasciata var (or subsp.) mellipennis Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Polybia
bifasciata var (or subsp.) xanthopyga Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J.
Polybia bifasciata quadricincta; Araujo, 1960, Studia
Entomol. (N. S.) 3: 252 (
Distr.: Colombia: Caquetá, Meta,
Putumayo; Venezuela: Amazonas; Trinidad; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana;
Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Huánuco, Junín, Loreto; Brazil: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas,
Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, São Paulo; Bolivia:
Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz.
Subgenus
Apopolybia Richards
Apopolybia Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps. Am.: v, 34, 49, subgenus of Polybia Lepeletier.
Type species: Polybia simillima Smith,
1862, by original designation.
jurinei
de Saussure
Polybia
jurinei de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 176,
pl. XXII fig. 6, female (in division Iota)
- “Le Brésil” (lectotype female
Polybia
Jurinei var. bonaerënse
Brèthes, 1903, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Inst.
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas, Caquetá,
Meta, Putumayo; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Cuzco,
Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios; Brazil: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia,
Ceará, D. F., Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de
Janeiro, Rondônia, São Paulo; Bolivia: Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz.
simillima
Smith
Polybia
simillima Smith, 1862, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London
(3) 1: 39, female - “
Distr.:
Subgenus
Cylindroeca Richards
Cylindroeca Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: v, 35, 99, subgenus of Polybia Lepeletier, 1836.
Type species: Vespa dimidiata Olivier,
1792, by original designation and monotypy.
Cyllindroeca Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 35. Incorrect spelling of Cylindroeca Richards.
dimidiata
(Olivier)
Vespa
dimidiata Olivier, 1792, Encyc. Méthod. 6 (2): 675
- [French Guiana] “
Polybia dimidiata; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 177 (in division Iota).
- Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 450 (Brazil). - R. von Ihering,
1903, Zool. Anz. 27: 115 (ethology). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77
(cat.). - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 343 (key), 352 (Brazil); 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 491 (key), 506, fig. 8 (female, nest;
Brazil). - Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 208 (key), 211 (Guyana). - Bequaert, 1944,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 279 (key), 285. - Araujo, 1960, Studia Entomol. (N.
S.) 3: 252 (Brazil). - Maule-Rodrigues and Santos, 1974, Rev. Bras. Entomol.
18: 37-42 (ethology). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 42 (key), 100 (in
subgenus Cylindroeca). - Overal,
1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (list). - Raw, 1989,
Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 33 (nest; Brazil), 36
(distr.); 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 41, 42
(habitat preference). - Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus.
60 (3): 217 (note on material seen by Fox). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta
Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop.
42 (1/2): 358 (list).
Distr.: Colombia: Meta, Vaupés; Guyana;
Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador: Morona-Santiago; Peru: Huánuco, Junín;
Brazil: Amapá, Bahia, D. F., Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso,
Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo;
Bolivia: La Paz, Santa Cruz.
Subgenus
Formicicola Richards
Formicicola Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: v, 35, 121, subgenus of Polybia Lepeletier.
Type species: Vespa rejecta Fabricius,
1798, by original designation and monotypy.
rejecta
(Fabricius)
Vespa
rejecta Fabricius, 1798, Suppl. Entomol. Syst.: 264
- [French Guiana] “Cajennae” (Kobenhavn).
Polistes rejecta; Fabricius,
1804, Syst. Piez.: 280.
Polybia rejecta; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 180, pl. XXII fig. 5, pl XXIX figs. 4-6 (in division Iota). - Möbius, 1856, Nester Gesell.
Wespen: 10, 34 (key), pl. IV (nest; Brazil); 1856, Arch. Naturgesch. 22: 330
(key), fig. 5. - Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 449 (Brazil:
Amazonas, Mato Grosso). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (cat.). - Ducke,
1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 343 (key), 352 (Brazil). - Zavattari, 1906,
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino 21 (529): 16 (compared to P. aequatorialis n. sp.). - Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 494 (key), 506 (syns.: P. bicolor Smith, P.
litoralis Zavattari; female, male, nest; Mexico; Brazil). - Myers, 1929,
Proc. Entomol. Soc. London 4: 84-86 (nests associated with birds, Cacicus haemorrhous L., and ants, Azteca chartifex laticeps Forel, in
Guyana); 1935, Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 83: 13 (nests associated with
birds, Cacicus cela, ants, Azteca chartifex, and Apoica pallida and Polistes canadensis, in Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, and Trinidad),
14 (nests associated with birds, Tyrannidae spp., in Trinidad and Brazil). -
Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1939, Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. London (A) 14: 105 (mimicry). -
Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 280 (key), 285 (typical rejecta); 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol.
Venez. 7: 133 (Venezuela). - Hamilton, 1972, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 3: 225
(ethology). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 45 (key), 122 (in subgenus Formicicola). - Jeanne, 1978, Biotropica
10: 234-235 (nesting associations). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio
Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Raw, 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj.,
Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 33 (Brazil), 36 (distr.); 1989, Maracá Rainfor.
Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 41, 42 (habitat preference). - Carpenter
and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 216 (note on material seen
by Fox). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll.
list). - Joyce, 1993, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 32 (2): 71-77 (nesting
associations). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list). -
West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym.
Costa Rica: 586 (Costa Rica). - Rodríguez-Palafox, 1996, in
Llorente-Bousquets et al., Biodiv. Taxon. Biogeogr. Artrópod. México:
482 (list). - Dejean et al., 1998,
Sociobiol. 32: 484 (Mexico). - Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 196 (nest
associated with Azteca; Agelaia pallidiventris; Polybia
singularis, Synoeca virginea, Chartergus chartarius, and
Icteridae).
Polybia
bicolor Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 131,
female - “Brazil (Villa Nova)” (London). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77
(cat.). - Cameron, 1906, Invert. Pacif. 1: 152 (syn. of rejecta).
Polybia
rejecta race belizensis
Cameron, 1906, Invert. Pacif. 1: 151, female - “Belize” (London). -
Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 12 (notes on types; syn. of rejecta Fabricius).
Polybia
rejecta race javaryensis
Cameron, 1906, Invert. Pacif. 1: 152 - [Brazil:] “Rio Javary, Amazons”
(holotype female London). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 285
(species of Mischocyttarus).
Polybia
litoralis Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat.
Comp. R. Univ. Torino 21 (529): 12, female - [Panama; Ecuador] “Punta de Sabana
e delle foreste del Rio Peripa” (Torino).
Polybia
rejecta var. belizensis;
Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 508 (Central America; Brazil).
- Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 285.
Polybia
rejecta var. litoralis;
Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 508 (Panama; Ecuador;
Colombia). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 285.
Polybia
rejecta rejecta; Araujo, 1960, Studia Entomol. (N.
S.) 3: 252 (Brazil: Amapá).
Polybia
rejecta morph belizensis;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 45 (key), 122 (in subgenus Formicicola).
Polybia
rejecta morph litoralis;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 45 (key), 122 (in subgenus Formicicola).
Distr.: Mexico: Chiapas, Quintana Roo,
Veracruz, Yucatán; Belize; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama;
Colombia: Amazonas, Arauca, Boyacá, Caquetá, Chocó, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño,
Putumayo, Valle; Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Monagas, Zulia;
Trinidad, Tobago; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador: Esmereldas, Napo,
Pastaza, Pichincha; Peru: Cuzco, Huánuco, Loreto; Brazil: Acre, Amapá,
Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais,
Pará, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo; Bolivia: Beni,
Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando.
Subgenus
Furnariana Richards
Furnariana Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: v, 35, 120, subgenus of Polybia Lepeletier.
Type species: Polybia furnaria R. von
Ihering, 1904, by original designation and monotypy.
furnaria
R. von Ihering
Polybia
furnaria R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6:
172 (key), 217, pl. VII fig. 13, female, male, nest - [Brazil:] “Santarém, Pará”
(lectotype female São Paulo). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung.
8: 494 (key), 515, fig. 10 (nest; Brazil). - Araujo, 1946, Rev. Bras. Biol. 6:
259, figs. 1-3. - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 42 (key), 121 (designation of
lectotype; in subgenus Furnariana). -
Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (list). -
Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). -
Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 14 (notes on types).
Distr.: Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Loreto;
Brazil: Acre, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia; Bolivia: Pando.
richardsi Cooper
Polybia
richardsi Cooper, 1993, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 129: 31,
female, male - “COLOMBIA: Amazonas, La Chorrera” (holotype female London); also
from Putumayo; and Ecuador; Peru.
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas, Putumayo;
Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Loreto.
Subgenus
Myrapetra White
Myrapetra White 1841, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7: 320, genus.
Type species: Myrapetra scutellaris
White, 1841, by monotypy.
Myraptera Curtis, 1844, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 19: 256; White, 1844, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 268; de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 192. Incorrect spelling of Myrapetra White.
My de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 191, division IV of subgenus Polybia of genus Polybia Lepeletier (11 species); at pl. 23: division of genus Polybia.
Type species: Myrapetra scutellaris White, 1841, by subsequent designation of Bequaert,
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 292.
Mi Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insect. 19: 76. Unjustified emendation of My de Saussure, 1854.
Mu Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 292. Unjustified emendation of My de Saussure.
aequatorialis aequatorialis Zavattari
Polybia
aequatorialis Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino 21 (529): 15, female - [Ecuador] “Pun” (Torino). -
Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 495 (key), 499 (female, male;
Ecuador; Colombia). - Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J. New York Entomol. Soc. 50: 295
(key), 296, fig. 1D (Colombia; Ecuador). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio
Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (list). - O'Donnell, 1996, Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.
38: 83-88 (ethology); 1996, J. Ins. Behav. 9: 159-162 (ethology).
Polybia
aequatorialis var. (or subsp.) nigricans Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J. New York Entomol. Soc. 50: 296,
female - “ECUADOR: Baños, Tungurahua, 1600 to 1900 m.” (Cambridge). - Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 59 (“morph” of typical form).
Polybia
aequatorialis aequatorialis; Richards, 1978, Soc.
Wasps Am.: 37 (key), 59 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
- Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list).
Distr.: Colombia: Cauca, Cundinamarca,
Meta; Ecuador: Morona-Santiago, Pichincha, Tungurahua; Peru: Huánuco.
aequatorialis
tristis Bequaert
Polybia
aequatorialis var. (or subsp.) tristis Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J. New York Entomol. Soc. 50: 296,
female - “PANAMA: El Volcan, Chiriqui, 10,000 ft.” (Cambridge). - Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 37 (key), 59 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
Polybia
aequatorialis; West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 586 (Costa Rica).
Distr.: Costa Rica; Panama.
barbouri
Bequaert
Polybia signata; Rau, 1933, Jungle
Bees Wasps Barro Col. Is.: 73, figs. 29-31.
Polybia
barbouri Bequaert, 1943, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 36:
394, fig. 1, female, male - “
Distr.:
belemensis
belemensis Richards
Polybia
belemensis Richards, 1970, Proc. K. Ned. Akad.
Weten. (C) 73: 304, female - “
Polybia
belemensis belemensis; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 40 (key), 95 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
- Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Distr.:
belemensis
brevitarsus Richards
Polybia
belemensis brevitarsus Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 40 (key), 96, female, male (in subgenus Myrapetra) - “
Polybia
belemensis; West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym.
Distr.:
bicyttarella
Richards
Polybia
bicyttarella Richards, 1951, in Richards and Richards, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 59, 132,
figs. 11, 12a, 16b, female, male, nest - “BRITISH GUIANA: Mazaruni Station,
clearing” (holotype female London); also from elsewhere in Guyana; 1978, Soc.
Wasps Am.: 39 (key), 62, fig. 55 (in subgenus Myrapetra). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358
(Colombia: Meta; list).
Distr.: Colombia: Meta; Guyana;
Suriname; Brazil: Amazonas.
bistriata
(Fabricius)
Polistes
bistriata Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 281 - “America
meridionali” (Kobenhavn). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 71, species dubiae
(bistriatus).
Polybia
oecodoma de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 195,
female (in division My) - “Le Brésil.
Bahia” (lectotype Paris); 1855, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: pl. XXV fig. 7. - Dalla
Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (cat.). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 61
(designation of lectotype).
Polybia bistriata; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 212, species dubiae. - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat.
Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 539 (? var. of Megacanthopus
indeterminabilis).
Polybia pallipes; Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 450 [partim]. Misidentification.
Polybia infernalis; Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 451.
Misidentification.
Polybia
mexicana; R. von
Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 186, 251. Misidentification.
Polybia
occidentalis var. oecodoma; Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 497
(nest; Brazil).
Polybia
brunneiceps Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 208 (bruneiceps [!], key), 213, female
(London). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 61 (effective designation of
lectotype). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 12 (notes on types).
Polybia bistriata; Bequaert,
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 281 (key) 288; 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol.
Venez. 7: 132 (Venezuela: Bolívar). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 39 (key),
61, fig. 54 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
- Raw, 1988, Entomologist 107: 106 (role in agriculture), 107 (prey: aphids). -
Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 217, 218 (note on
material seen by Fox). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba
20: 46 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list).
- Carpenter and Kojima, 2002, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 110: 212, 213, figs.
6-10, 20-23 (compared to P. selvana n. sp.).
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas, Caquetá,
Meta, Putumayo, Vaupés; Venezuela: Bolívar; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana;
Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Cuzco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto; Brazil: Acre, Amapá,
Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rondônia, São
Paulo; Bolivia: Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando.
catillifex
Möbius
Polybia
catillifex Möbius, 1856, Nester Gesell. Wespen: 16,
34 (key), pl. VIII, female, nest - “Brasilien” (Hamburg). - Dalla Torre, 1904,
Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (cat.). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 495
(key), 498 (syn.: P. septentrionalis R.
von Ihering; nest; Ecuador; Venezuela; Peru; Bolivia; French Guiana; Brazil);
1918, Rev. Mus. Paul. 10: 367 (1910 Venezuelan record incorrect). - Bequaert,
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 281 (key), 288; 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol.
Venez. 7: 134. - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 39 (key), 60 (in subgenus Myrapetra). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus.
Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (catilifex
[!]; list). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 46 (coll.
list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list).
Polybia
septentrionalis R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus.
Paul. 6: 174 (key), 210, pl. VI fig. 10 - “Panamá ... Perú, Maracapatá ... ; Bolivia; Venezuela” (São Paulo)
[name for P. fasciata sensu
Lepeletier, 1836, and de Saussure, 1854]. - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus.
Natl. Hung. 8: 498 (syn. of catillifex
Möbius). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 15 (notes on types).
Distr.: Panama; Colombia: Amazonas,
Caquetá, Meta, Putumayo, Valle; Venezuela; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana;
Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Cuzco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios; Brazil:
Amazonas, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo; Bolivia: Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz.
diguetana
du Buysson
Polybia
occidentalis var. diguetana du Buysson, 1905, Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1905: 9,
female, male - “d'Oaxaca (Mexique)” (lectotype female Paris). - Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 496 (Mexico). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 89 (designation of lectotype). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259:
13 (notes on types).
Polybia diguetana; Richards,
1951, in Richards and Richards,
Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 138. - Snelling, 1970, Contrib. Sci. 137: 19.
- Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 42 (key), 89, fig. 56 (in subgenus Myrapetra). - Starr, 1988, Biotropica
20: 171-173 (nesting associations). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol.
Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). - Maes, 1992, Rev. Nicarag. Entomol. 19: 40
(Nicaragua: Zelaya). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list).
- West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym.
Costa Rica: 586 (Costa Rica). - Rodríguez-Palafox, 1996, in
Llorente-Bousquets et al., Biodiv. Taxon. Biogeogr. Artrópod. México:
482 (list).
Distr.: U. S. A.: AZ (Nogales); Mexico:
Baja California, Chiapas, D. F., Guerrero, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit,
Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatán; Belize; Guatemala; El
Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia: Amazonas, Cauca,
Chocó, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo, Valle; Venezuela: Bolívar*; Ecuador:
El Oro, Napo, Pastaza, Pichincha, Tungurahua; Peru: Cuzco, Huánuco, Loreto,
Pasco; Bolivia: La Paz.
dimorpha Richards
Polybia
dimorpha Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 40 (key),
57, female (in subgenus Myrapetra) - “SURINAM:
Zanderij savannah” (Leiden); also from Brazil; Peru; Ecuador; Colombia. - Raw,
1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 34 (nest;
resemblance to Polybia jurinei;
Brazil), 36 (distr.); 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim.
Rep.: 41, 42 (habitat preference). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42
(1/2): 358 (list). - Kojima and van Achterberg, 1997, Zool. Med., Leiden 71:
162 (list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 13 (note on type).
Distr.: Suriname; Ecuador: Napo; Peru:
Cuzco; Brazil: Amazonas, Roraima.
divisoria Richards
Polybia
divisoria Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 39 (key),
62, female, male (in subgenus Myrapetra)
- “PERU: Huánuco, Cordillera Azul, Divisoria, 1300 m” (holotype female London);
also from another locality in Huánuco; and Ecuador.
Distr.: Ecuador: Tungurahua; Peru:
Huánuco.
erythrothorax
Richards
Polybia scutellaris; Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 449.
Polybia
erythrothorax Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 41
(key), 77, female, male (in subgenus Myrapetra)
- “BRAZIL: MT, base camp, 12°50'S, 5°47'W” (holotype female Rio de Janeiro);
also from other localities in Mato Grosso, and Pará, Goiás, São Paulo. -
Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 42 (note on type
material).
Polybia erythrogaster [!];
Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 215 (note on
material seen by Fox).
Distr.: Brazil: Goiás, Mato Grosso,
Pará, São Paulo.
fastidiosuscula
de Saussure
Polybia
fastidiosuscula de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp.
2: 197, female (in division My) - “Le
Brésil. Capitainerie de Goyaz” (lectotype Paris); 1855, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: pl.
XXV fig. 4. - Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 448 (Brazil). - Dalla
Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (cat.). - R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paulista
6: 210. - Ducke, 1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 9 (Brazil); 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 496 (key), 499 (syns.: P. buyssoni R. von Ihering, P.
sampaioi Ducke; male, nest; Brazil; Bolivia). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 58 (designation of lectotype). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio
Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (list). - Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann.
Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 215 (note on material seen by Fox). - Almeida and Castro,
1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 46 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev.
Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list). - Garcete-Barrett, 1999, Avispas Soc. Parag.:
8 (mimic of Agelaia multipicta), 35
(key, figs. 5a, 5b), 37 (Paraguay).
Polybia oecodoma; Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 449.
Misidentification.
Polybia
Buyssoni R. von Ihering, 1903, Ann. Soc. Entomol.
France 72: 151 - [Brazil:] “Piquete (Est. S. Paulo)” (lectotype female São
Paulo); also from Ypiranga. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (cat.). -
Ducke, 1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 8 (Brazil), 9 (compared to Monacanthocnemis buyssoni n. sp.). -
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 58 (designation of lectotype). - Carpenter,
1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 12 (notes on types).
Polybia
Sampaioi Ducke, 1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 8, female
- [Brazil:] “Curityba (État de Paraná)” (lectotype Paris); also from São Paulo.
- Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 58 (sampaioi;
designation of lectotype). - Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para.
Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 11 (sampaioi;
list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 15 (note on lectotype; syn.
of fastidiosuscula de Saussure).
Polybia fraterna “Sauss. i. litt.” Ducke, 1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 9
[nomen nudum]; 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat.
Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 499 (syn. of Polybia
fastidiosuscula var. Sampaioi).
Polybia fastidiosuscula var. Sampaioi; Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat.
Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 499 (Brazil; Paraguay).
Polybia fastidiosuscula var. Buyssoni; Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat.
Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 499 (Brazil), 521.
Polybia fastidiosuscula morph fastidiosuscula; Richards, 1978, Soc.
Wasps Am.: 37 (key), 58 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
Polybia fastidiosuscula morph sampaioi; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 37 (key), 58 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
Polybia fastidiosuscula morph buyssoni; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 37 (key), 58 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
Distr.: Colombia: Putumayo; Ecuador:
Guayas, Pichincha; Peru: Cajamarca, Junín, La Libertad, Lambayeque, San Martin,
Tumbes; Brazil: Bahia, D. F., Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais,
Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo; Bolivia:
La Paz; Paraguay: San Pedro, Canindeyú, Alto Paraná, Itapúa; Argentina:
Corrientes, Misiones.
ficaria
Richards
Polybia
ficaria Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 41 (key),
80, female, male (in subgenus Myrapetra)
- “PERU: Cajamarca, Celandin, 2600 m” (holotype male London).
Distr.: Peru: Cajamarca.
flavifrons
barbatula Richards
Polybia
flavifrons barbatula Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 40 (key), 98, female, male (in subgenus Myrapetra) - “PERU: Lambayeque, Olmos, near Chiclayo” (holotype
female London); also from Cajamarca, Huánuco; and Bolivia.
Distr.: Peru: Cajamarca, Huánuco,
Lambayeque; Bolivia: Cochabamba.
flavifrons
flavifrons Smith
Polybia
flavifrons Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 152,
female - “Venezuela (Guayaquil)” [Ecuador] (London). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen.
Ins. 19: 77 (cat.).
Polybia
saussurei Holmgren, 1868, K. Svenska Fregat.
Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden, Zool. 1, Ins., Hym.: 440 - [Ecuador] “California
et Puna” (lectotype female Stockholm). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78
(cat.). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 541 (? form of occidentalis). - Richards, 1978, Soc.
Wasps Am.: 97 (designation of lectotype).
Polybia occidentalis var. flavifrons; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 286 [partim].
Polybia flavifrons flavifrons;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 39 (key), 97 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
Distr.: Ecuador: Esmereldas, Guayas,
Loja, Manabi, I. Puná; Peru: Tumbes.
flavifrons
hecuba Richards
Polybia parvula hecuba Richards,
1951, in Richards and Richards,
Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 102: 138, female - “BRAZIL: Theresopolis” (London).
Polybia flavifrons hecuba;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 40 (key), 98 (in subgenus Myrapetra). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba
20: 47 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list).
Polybia flavifrons; West-Eberhard
et al., 1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 586
(Costa Rica).
Distr.: Costa Rica; Colombia: Caldas,
Cauca, Putumayo; Venezuela; Peru: Cuzco; Brazil: Bahia, D. F., Espírito Santo,
Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de
Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo; Argentina: Misiones, Salta.
juruana
R. von Ihering
Polybia
occidentalis var. juruana R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 198 - [Brazil:] “rio
Jurúa, Amazonas” (lecotype female São Paulo); also from Peru. - Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 496 (Brazil). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 287 [partim]. -
Richards, 1951, in Richards and
Richards, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 147. - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 79 (designation of lectotype).
Polybia
juruana; Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 41 (key), 79 (in subgenus Myrapetra). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba
20: 47 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358
(Colombia: Cundinamarca; list).
Distr.: Colombia: Cundinamarca; Peru:
Cuzco, Junín, Loreto; Brazil: Acre, Amazonas, Mato Grosso; Bolivia: Beni.
nidulatrix
Bequaert
Polybia
nidulatrix Bequaert, 1933, in Rau, Jungle Bees Wasps Barro Colorado Is.: 312, fig. 2, female -
[Panama] “Barro Colorado Island” (Cambridge). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.:
39 (key), 60 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
- Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list). - West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 586
(Costa Rica). - Carpenter and Kojima, 2002, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 110: 212,
213, figs. 1-5, 16-19 (compared to P. selvana n. sp.).
Distr.: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia: I.
Gorgona, Nariño; Ecuador: Esmereldas, Tungurahua.
occidentalis
bohemani Holmgren
Polybia
bohemani Holmgren, 1868, K. Svenska Fregat.
Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden, Zool. 1, Ins., Hym.: 441, female - [Panama] “Ins.
S:t Joseph” (Stockholm). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (cat.). - Ducke,
1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 539 (? Polybia, Stelopolybia or Megacanthopus).
Polybia
spilonota Cameron, 1904, Invert. Pacif. 1: 68,
female - “San Marcos, Nicaragua” (lectotype London); 1907, Invert. Pacif. 1:
184 (spilopus [!]). - Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 69 (effective designation of lectotype; syn. of P. occidentalis bohemani). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 16 (notes on
types).
Polybia occidentalis var. spilonota; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 287.
Polybia
parvula pseudospilonota Giordani Soika, 1965, Boll.
Soc. Entomol. Ital. 95: 28, female - “Costa
Rica: Sarapiqui, La Virgen” (Paris). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 68
(syn. of P. occidentalis bohemani).
Polybia
occidentalis invertita Giordani Soika, 1965, Boll.
Soc. Entomol. Ital. 95: 30, female - “Costa
Rica: Dint. di Cartago, 1500 m.” (Paris). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.:
68 (syn. of P. occidentalis bohemani).
Polybia occidentalis spilonota; Windsor, 1972, Biotropica 4:
1-3 (nesting associations; Costa Rica).
Polybia occidentalis bohemani;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 42 (key), 69 (syns.: P. spilonota, P. parvula
pseudospilonota, P. occidentalis
invertita; in subgenus Myrapetra).
- Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 46 (coll. list). -
Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list).
Polybia occidentalis; Windsor,
1976, Biotropica 8: 111-116 (predation by Leptodon
cayanensis; Costa Rica). - Gorton, 1978, Ins. Soc. 25: 197-204 (nesting
associations). - ? Maes, 1988, Rev. Nicarag. Entomol. 5: 87 (Nicaragua). -
Starr, 1988, Biotropica 20: 171-173 (nesting associations). - O'Donnell and
Jeanne, 1995, J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 68: 43-50 (ethology); 1995, Experientia
51: 749-752 (ethology). - West-Eberhard et
al., 1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 586 (Costa Rica) [partim].
Distr.: Mexico; Honduras; Nicaragua;
Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia: Antioquia, Magdalena, Meta, Valle, Vaupés;
Venezuela: Miranda; Ecuador: Pichincha.
occidentalis
cincta (Provancher)
Eumenes
cinctus Provancher, 1888, Faune Canada Hym. Suppl.:
422, female - “Trinidad” (Laval Univ., Quebec).
Polybia occidentalis cincta;
Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1956, Entomol. Mon. Mag. (4) 17: 163-164 (nest; Guyana). -
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 42 (key), 70 (cinctus; in subgenus Myrapetra).
- Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 46 (cinctus; coll. list).
Distr.: Venezuela: Zulia; Trinidad,
Tobago; Guyana; French Guiana; Brazil: Amapá, Pará.
occidentalis
grenadensis Richards
Polybia
occidentalis grenadensis Richards, 1951, in Richards and Richards, Trans.
Entomol. Soc. London 102: 143, female - “GRENADA: St. George” (London); also
from Balthazar; 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 42 (key), 70 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
Distr.: Grenada; Balthazar; St. Vincent
(?).
occidentalis
nigratella du Buysson
Polybia
occidentalis var. nigratella du Buysson, 1905, Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 1905: 9,
female - “Mexique: environs d'Oaxaca” (? lectotype Paris). - Ducke, 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 501. - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 68
(designation of lectotype; syn.: P.
occidentalis nausicaa Richards). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259:
14 (note on lectotype).
Polybia
occidentalis nausicaa Richards, 1951, in Richards and Richards, Trans.
Entomol. Soc. London 102: 140, female, male - “MEXICO: N. Yucatan” (holotype
female London). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 68 (syn. of P. occidentalis nigratella).
Polybia occidentalis nigratella;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 42 (key), 68 (in subgenus Myrapetra). - Rodriguez-Palafox, 1988, Fol. Entomol. Mex. 77: 500
(key), 514, figs. 3.1, 6.2; 1996, in Llorente-Bousquets et al.,
Biodiv. Taxon. Biogeogr. Artrópod. México: 482 (list).
Polybia occidentalis; ? Maes,
1988, Rev. Nicarag. Entomol. 5: 87 (Nicaragua). - West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 586
(Costa Rica) [partim].
Distr.: U. S. A.: AZ (Nogales); Mexico:
Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, D. F., Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco,
Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí,
Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatán; Belize; Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras;
Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama*.
occidentalis
occidentalis (Olivier)
Vespa
occidentalis Olivier, 1792, Encyc. Méthod. 6 (2):
675 - [French Guiana] “Cayenne” (type lost).
Vespa
pygmaea Fabricius, 1793, Entomol. Syst. 2: 283 -
[French Guiana] “Cajennae” (holotype female Kobenhavn).
Polistes
pygmaea; Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 280. -
Curtis, 1844, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 19: 258 (compared to Myraptera elegans n. sp.).
Myraptera [!] elegans Curtis, 1844,
Trans. Linn. Soc. London 19: 257, female - “Brazil” (type lost).
Polybia pygmaea; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 193, pl. XXIII fig. 5 (female, male; in division My). - Möbius, 1856, Abhand. Naturw.
Vereins Hamburg 3: 137; 1856, Nester Gesell. Wespen: 17, 34 (key). - Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 449. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78
(cat.). - Cameron, 1907, Invert. Pacif. 1: 184 (Mexico).
Polybia occidentalis; de
Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 194 (female, male; syn.: M. elegans
Curtis, possible var.: P. pygmaea; in division My). - du Buysson and Marshall, 1892,
Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 61: 59 (Venezuela). - Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philad.: 449 (Brazil). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (syn.: M. elegans
Curtis; cat.). - R. von Ihering,
1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 198. - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 345
(key), 349 (Brazil); 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 654. - Cameron, 1906,
Invert. Pacif. 1: 152 (Belize; Nicaragua; Brazil). - Zavattari, 1906, Mus.
Zool. Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino 21 (529): 16 (Ecuador; Venezuela). - Ducke,
1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 9 (Brazil); 1908, Rev. Entomol., Caen 27: 85
(Brazil); 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 495 (key), 496 (syns.: P. pygmaea sensu de Saussure, P. parvula
sensu de Saussure, P. oecodoma de Saussure, P. scutellaris sensu de Saussure, M. elegans Curtis, P. albopicta Smith, P.
flavifrons Smith, P. ruficeps Schrottky,
P. spilonota Cameron, P. fastidiosuscula var nigriceps Zavattari, mexicana sensu von Ihering; male, nest; Brazil; Mexico; Argentina). -
Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 215 (Guyana). - Ducke, 1918, Rev. Mus. Paul. 10:
332. - Martorell, 1939, J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 23: 230 (Venezuela). -
Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1939, Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. London (A) 14: 105 (mimicry). -
Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 281 (key), 286 (typical occidentalis); 1949 (1948), Bol.
Entomol. Venez. 7: 133 (Venezuela localities). - Jeanne, 1978, Biotropica 10:
234 (nesting). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94:
11 (list). - Raw, 1988, Entomologist 107: 104 (nest site), 106 (role in
agriculture). - Queller et al., 1988, Science 242: 1155-1157 (genetics).
- Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 215 (note on
material seen by Fox). - Queller et al., 1993. Behav. Ecol. 4:
7-13 (genetics). - Queller et al., 1993, Nature 365: 639-641
(genetics). - Strassmann et al., 1996, Mol. Ecol. 5:
461(genetics). - Strassmann et al., 1998, Mol. Ecol. 7:709-718
(ethology). - Garcete-Barrett, 1999, Avispas Soc. Parag.: 8 (mimic), 36 (key,
figs. 8a, 8c-d), 38 (Paraguay).
Polybia pygmaea var minor Möbius, 1856, Abhand. Naturw.
Vereins Hamburg 3: 166; 1856, Nester Gesell. Wespen: pl. IX, nest - [Venezuela]
“Puerto Cabello” (? Hamburg).
Polybia pygmaea var major Möbius, 1856, Abhand. Naturw.
Vereins Hamburg 3: 166; ; 1856, Nester Gesell. Wespen: pl. X, nest - “Brasilien”
(? Hamburg).
Polybia
albo-picta Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 131,
female - “Brazil” (London). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 76 (albopicta; cat.). - Cameron, 1906,
Invert. Pacif. 1: 152 (syn. of occidentalis;
Guyana); 1906, Invert. Pacif. 1: 156 (Brazil).
Polybia
fastidiosuscula var nigriceps Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. R. Univ.
Torino 21 (529): 16, female - [Ecuador] “Guayaquil, Vinces e Balzar” (lectotype
Torino). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 286 (no more than
individual variants of typical occidentalis).
- Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 68 (designation of lectotype, as “holotype”
from “NICARAGUA”; syn. of P. occidentalis
nigratella du Buysson). REVISED
SYNONYMY.
Polybia occidentalis var. albopicta; Martorell and Salas, 1939, J.
Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 23: 251 (Venezuela: Monagas, Trujillo).
Polybia occidentalis occidentalis;
Machado, 1977, An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil 6: 7-24 (ethology). - Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 42 (key), 64 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
- Gobbi, 1984, Rev. Brasil. Entomol. 28: 451-457 (ethology). - Gobbi et al., 1984, An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil
13: 63-69 (ethology). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20:
46 (coll. list). - Maes, 1992, Rev. Nicarag. Entomol. 19: 40 (Nicaragua:
Zelaya).
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas*; Venezuela:
Aragua, Barinas, Carabobo, D. F., Trujillo; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana;
Peru: Huánuco; Brazil: Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, D. F., Espírito Santo, Goiás,
Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraiba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio
Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, São
Paulo; Ecuador; Bolivia: Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz; Paraguay:
Presidente Hayes, Central, Cordillera, Paraguarí, San Pedro, Amambay,
Canindeyú, Alto Paraná, Itapúa; Argentina: Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios,
Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Santa Fé.
occidentalis
venezuelana Giordani Soika
? Polybia
occidentalis var. juruana; Myers,
1935, Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 83: 14 (nests associated with the bird, Synallaxis sp., in Venezuela). -
Bequaert, 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 133 (list).
Polybia
occidentalis venezuelana Giordani Soika, 1965,
Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 95: 29, female - “Venezuela:
I. Margarita” (Venezia); also from Guarico and Aragua. - Richards, 1978, Soc.
Wasps Am.: 42 (key), 70 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
- Raw, 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 34 (nest;
Brazil), 36 (distr.), 38; 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim.
Rep.: 41 (habitat preference). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2):
358 (list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 16 (note on type).
Distr.: Colombia: Arauca, Boyacá,
Cundinamarca, Guajira, Nariño, Putumayo; Venezuela: Apure, Aragua, Barinas,
Bolívar, Guárico, Isla Margarita; Peru: Tumbes; Brazil: Roraima.
parvulina
Richards
Polybia parvula; ? de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 196 (in division My).
- Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (cat.). - Richards, 1951, in Richards and Richards, Trans.
Entomol. Soc. London 102: 137. - Araujo, 1960, Studia Entomol. (N. S.) 3: 252
(Brazil: Amapá).
Polybia diguetana; Martorell,
1939, J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 23: 230.
Polybia occidentalis var. parvula; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 287; 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 133 (list).
Polybia
parvulina Richards, 1970, Proc. K. Ned. Akad.
Weten. (C) 73: 305, female - “Guyana: New River” (London); Richards, 1978, Soc.
Wasps Am.: 39 (key), 96 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
- Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list). - West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 586 (Costa
Rica).
Distr.: Mexico; Guatemala; Costa Rica;
Panama; Colombia: Huila, Valle; Venezuela: Aragua; Guyana; Suriname; French
Guiana; Brazil: Amapá (?), Amazonas.
paulista
H. von
Ihering
Polybia
scutellaris var. paulista H. von Ihering,
1896, Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 21: 160, female, male - “Brésil” (lectotype
female São Paulo); 1896, Zool. Anz. 19: 450 (São Paulo). - R. von Ihering,
1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 257. - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 85 (designation
of lectotype).
Polybia
occidentalis var. scutellaris form paulista;
Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 498.
Polybia paulista; Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 41 (key), 85 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
- Simôes and Mechi, 1983, Naturalia 8: 185-191 (ethology). - Gobbi, 1984, Rev.
Brasil. Entomol. 28: 451-457 (ethology). - Gobbi and Machado, 1985, An. Soc.
Entomol. Brasil 14: 189-195 (ethology). - Machado, 1985, Rev. Brasil. Zool. 2:
187-201 (ethology). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20:
47 (coll. list). - Manzoli-Palma and Gobbi, 1994, An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil 23
(2): 291-298 (ethology). - Vitali and Machado, 1995, An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil
24 (1): 77-88 (flower visitation). - Garcete-Barrett, 1999, Avispas Soc.
Parag.: 8 (mimic of Polybia scutellaris),
36 (key, figs. 8aa, 8cc-dd), 38 (Paraguay). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus.
Novitat. 3259: 15 (notes on types). - Kudo et al., 2001, Ethol. Ecol.
Evol. 13: 351-360 (nest materials).
Distr.: Brazil: Goiás, Mato Grosso,
Minas Gerais, Paraná, São Paulo; Paraguay: Paraguarí, Canindeyú, Itapúa, San
Pedro; Argentina: Corrientes, Misiones, San Juan.
platycephala
platycephala Richards
Polybia
occidentalis platycephala Richards, 1951, in Richards and Richards, Trans.
Entomol. Soc. London 102: 43, 143, female, male - “BRITISH GUIANA: Mazaruni
Station, clearing” (holotype female London); also from two other localities.
Polybia
platycephala platycephala; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 41 (key), 90 (in subgenus Myrapetra). - Almeida and Castro, 1991,
Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list).
Distr.: Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana;
Peru: Huánuco, Loreto; Brazil: Amapá, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia.
platycephala
sylvestris Richards
Polybia
platycephala sylvestris Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 41 (key), 91, female (in subgenus Myrapetra)
- “Brazil: MT, base camp, 12°50'S, 51°47'W” (Rio de Janeiro); also from other
localities in Mato Grosso, Goiás, Amazonas, Acre, Amapá, Rio de Janeiro, Minas
Gerais, São Paulo; and Suriname; Peru. - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol.
Par., Curitiba 20: 43 (note on type material). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol.
Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list).
Polybia
platycephala;
Garcete-Barrett, 2002 (2001), Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Parag. 13: 48
(Paraguay).
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas, Putumayo,
Vaupés; Suriname; Peru: Junín, Loreto; Brazil: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Goiás,
Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo; Paraguay:
Canindeyú, San Pedro, Alto Paraguay, Itapúa.
roraimae
Raw
Polybia
occidentalis
subspecies AR 1; Raw, 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert.
Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 34; 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol.,
Prelim. Rep.: 42 (habitat preference); 1992, Nature Dynam. For.-Savan.
Boundaries: 510.
Polybia
roraimae Raw, 1998, Maracá, Biodivers. Environ.
Amazon. Rainfor.: 320. Nomen nudum.
Polybia
roraimae Raw, 2000 (1999), Rev. Bras. Zool. 16 (4):
987, 988, female, nest (in subgenus Myrapetra) - “Dry evergreen forest,
4 km from the eastern end of the Ilha de Maracá, and 2 km north of the Maracá
branch of the river Uraricoera, Roraima, Brazil (3°38’N and 61°51’W)” (Manaus).
Distr.: Brazil: Roraima.
ruficeps
asticta Richards
Polybia
ruficeps asticta Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 42
(key), 76, female (in subgenus Myrapetra)
- “BOLIVIA: Cochabamba, Yungas, Esp. Santo” (Washington).
Distr.: Bolivia: Cochabamba.
ruficeps
ruficeps Schrottky
Polybia occidentalis var.; Fox,
1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 449.
Polybia
ruficeps Schrottky, 1902, An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat.
Buenos Aires (3) 8 (1): 116, female - “Argentinische ... Salta” (type lost?). -
Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (cat.). - Carpenter and van der Vecht,
1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 215 (note on material seen by Fox). -
Garcete-Barrett, 1999, Avispas Soc. Parag.: 8 (mimics), 36 (key, fig. 7b), 37
(Paraguay).
Polybia occidentalis var. ruficeps; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 287.
Polybia occidentalis ruficeps; Richards, 1951, in Richards and Richards, Trans.
Entomol. Soc. London 102: 138. - Willink, 1952, Acta Zool. Lilloana 10: 137.
Polybia ruficeps ruficeps; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 42 (key), 71 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
- Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list).
Distr.: Brazil: Ceará, Goiás, Maranhão,
Mato Grosso, Santa Catarina; Bolivia: Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba; Paraguay:
Alto Paraguay, Concepción; Argentina: Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Córdoba,
Corrientes, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Luis, Santiago del
Estero, Tucumán.
ruficeps
xanthops Richards
Polybia
ruficeps xanthops Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.:
41 (key), 76, female, male (in subgenus Myrapetra)
- “BRAZIL: MT, left bank R. Sucuriu, Três Lagoas, Faz. Canaa” (holotype female
São Paulo); also from Barragem de Ilha Solteira, and Ceará, Minas Gerais,
Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte. - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Curitiba 20: 42 (note on type material).
Distr.: Brazil: Ceará, D. F., Goiás,
Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Norte.
scrobalis
pronotalis Richards
Polybia
scrobalis pronotatus West-Eberhard, 1975,
Cespedesia 4 (16): 251. Nomen nudum.
Polybia
scrobalis pronotalis Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 40 (key), 88, female (in subgenus Myrapetra)
- “COLOMBIA: Valle, Cali, 900 m” (London); also from another locality in Valle;
and Ecuador. - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list).
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas, Putumayo,
Valle; Ecuador: Napo, Pichincha; Peru: Pasco; Bolivia: Beni, Cochabamba, La
Paz, Pando.
scrobalis
scrobalis Richards
Polybia
scrobalis scrobalis Richards, 1970, Proc. K. Ned.
Akad. Weten. (C) 73: 302, 303, female - “Brazil: Mato Grosso, 12°49'S, 51°46'W,
gallery forest” (holotype female Rio de Janeiro); also from Acre; Pará;
Amazonas; and Peru; 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 40 (key), 86, 87 (in subgenus Myrapetra). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev.
Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (Colombia: Amazonas, Caquetá; list).
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas, Caquetá;
Ecuador: Morona-Santiago; Peru: Cuzco, Loreto; Brazil: Acre, Amazonas, D. F.,
Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia; Bolivia: Chuquisaca, La Paz.
scrobalis
surinama Richards
Polybia
scrobalis surinama Richards, 1970, Proc. K. Ned.
Akad. Weten. (C) 73: 303, female - “Surinam: Coppername [Coppename] R., Voltz
Mt.” (Leiden); also from elsewhere in Suriname; and Brazil; 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 40 (key), 88 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
- Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). -
Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list). - Kojima and van
Achterberg, 1997, Zool. Med., Leiden 71: 163 (list).
Polybia
scrobalis; West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 586 (Costa Rica).
Distr.: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia:
Amazonas, Arauca, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo, Vaupés; Suriname; French
Guiana; Brazil: Amapá, Amazonas.
scutellaris
(White)
Myrapetra
scutellaris White, 1841, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 7:
322, pl. 4 figs. 1-3 (nest ), 4-7 - “banks of the Rio Yancay (Uruguay?)”
(holotype female London). - Curtis, 1844, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 19: 258 (Myraptera [!]). - Lucas, 1885, Ann. Soc.
Entomol. France, Bull. Entomol. (6) 5: liv (Myraptera
[!]; nest; Uruguay).
Polybia
scutellaris; de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.:
192, pl. XXIII fig. 4 (female, male; in division My). - R. von Ihering, 1903, Zool. Anz. 27: 115 (ethology). - Dalla
Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (cat.). - Schrottky, 1904, Allg. Zeitschr. Entomol.
9: 345 (Paraguay); 1906, An. Cient. Paraguay (1) 6: 10 (mimicry). - Ducke,
1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 9 (Brazil). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 41
(key), 81, fig. 52 (in subgenus Myrapetra).
- Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). -
Cascone et al., 1995, Toxicon 33 (5):
659-665 (venom chemistry). - Garcete-Barrett, 1999, Avispas Soc. Parag.: 8
(mimics), 35 (key, figs. 6a, 6d), 37.
Polybia
occidentalis var. scutellaris; Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 497
(nest; Brazil; Argentina; French Guiana) [partim].
- Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 287. - Richards, 1951, in Richards and Richards, Trans.
Entomol. Soc. London 102: 147.
Polybia
scutellaris uruguayensis Giordani Soika, 1965,
Boll. Soc. Entomol. Ital. 95: 30, female - “Uruguay:
Buschental, S. Josè” (Paris); also from two other localities.
Distr.: Brazil: Bahia, D. F., Espírito
Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de
Janeiro, Santa Catarina*, São Paulo; Paraguay; Uruguay; Argentina: Buenos
Aires, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, Mendoza, Misiones, San
Juan, Santa Fé, Tucumán.
Polybia selvana Carpenter, 2002, in Carpenter and Kojima, J. New York
Entomol. Soc. 110: 212, 213, figs. 11-15, 24-45, female. male, larva, nest (in
subgenus Myrapetra) - “COSTA RICA, Heredia
Prov., La Selva Biol. Sta., 3 km S Pto. Viejo, 10°26’N 84°01’W” (holotype
female San Jose).
Distr.: Costa Rica.
Subgenus
Pedothoeca Richards
Pedothoeca Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: v, 35, 113, subgenus of Polybia Lepeletier.
Type species: Polybia singularis Ducke,
1909, by original designation.
brunnea
(Curtis)
Myraptera [!] brunnea Curtis, 1844,
Trans. Linn. Soc. London 19: 256, pl. XXXI figs. 8-10, female - “Brazil”
(lectotype female London). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 120 (designation
of lectotype).
Polybia brunnea; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 211, species dubiae. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins.
19: 77 (brunea [!]; cat.). - Ducke,
1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 539. - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 45 (key), 120 (in subgenus Pedothoeca).
Distr.: Brazil.
emaciata
Lucas
Polybia fasciata; Lepeletier,
1836, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1: 534 (syn.: Vespa
fulvo fasciata DeGeer; French Guiana). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus.
Natl. Hung. 8: 540, species dubiae.
Polybia
fasciata de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 182,
pl. XXIV fig. 6, female (in division Iota)
- “Panama” (London) [non Olivier,
1792, treated by de Saussure as a synonym of P. phthisica]. - Fox,
1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 448 (Brazil). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen.
Ins. 19: 77 (cat.). - Schrottky, 1904, Allg. Zeitschr. Entomol. 9: 345
(Paraguay). - Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino 21 (529): 13
(syn.: P. septentrionalis R. von
Ihering; Ecuador). - Cameron, 1906, Invert. Pacif. 1: 150 (Belize). - Ducke,
1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 493 (key), 513 (syns.: cayennensis sensu Moebius, emaciata
Lucas, phthisica sensu du Buysson, fulvofasciata
sensu Schulz, caementaria Ducke;
nest; Panama; Venezuela; Brazil); 1918, Rev. Mus. Paul. 10: 340. - Martorell,
1939, J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 23: 230. - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para.
Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (list). - Carpenter and van der Vecht,
1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 215 (note on material seen by Fox). -
Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 13 (note on type).
Polybia cayennensis [!]; Möbius,
1856, Abhand. Naturw. Vereins Hamburg 3: 131; 1856, Nester Gesell. Wespen: 11,
34 (key), pls. V-VI, VII fig. 9 (nest; Venezuela: Puerto Cabello).
Polybia
emaciata Lucas, 1879, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France (5)
9: 363, pl. 9 figs. 1-2, female - “Brésil” (? Paris). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen.
Ins. 19: 77 (cat.). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 280 (key),
281; 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 132 (Venezuela localities). - Hebling
and Letizio, 1973, Bull. Soc. Entomol. 7: 23-24 (caste polymorphism). -
West-Eberhard, 1975, Cespedesia 4 (16): 256 (Colombia). - Richards, 1978, Soc.
Wasps Am.: 45 (key), 117, fig. 61 (in subgenus Pedothoeca). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba
20: 47 (coll. list). - Strassmann et al., 1992, Am. Nat. 140:
363-372 (ethology). - Queller et al., 1993, Nature 365: 639-641
(genetics). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list). -
West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym.
Costa Rica: 586 (Costa Rica). - Rodríguez-Palafox, 1996, in
Llorente-Bousquets et al., Biodiv. Taxon. Biogeogr. Artrópod. México:
482 (list). - Strassmann et al., 1996, Mol. Ecol. 5:
461(genetics). - Mejdalani and Felix, 1997, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 99
(1):159 (mimicry by Lissocarta beckeri
(Homoptera: Cicadellidae)).
Polybia
phthisica; du Buysson, 1899, Bull. Soc. Entomol.
France: 129. Misidentification.
Polybia
caementaria Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
348 (key), 355, female, nest - [Brazil:] “Belem do Pará, nas mattas, ... alto
Purús (Estado do Amazonas)” (Bern, Paris, Belém). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus.
Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (possible syntypes in Belém). -
Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 10
(list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 13 (notes on types).
Distr.: Mexico: Tabasco; Guatemala;
Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia: Amazonas, Arauca, Caquetá,
Cauca, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo, Vaupés; Venezuela: Barinas, Carabobo,
Miranda, Portuguesa; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador: Napo, Pastaza,
Pichincha; Peru: Cuzco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto; Brazil: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas,
D. F., Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, São
Paulo; Bolivia: Beni, Cochabamba, Pando; Paraguay.
singularis
Ducke
Polybia
emaciata; Ducke, 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
680, pl. 4 fig. 17, female, nest - [Brazil:] “Obidos.”
Polybia
singularis Ducke, 1909, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl.
Hung. 7: 627 (lectotype female London) [name for P. emaciata sensu Ducke, 1905]; 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl.
Hung. 8: 494 (key), 512, fig. 9 (Brazil). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.
94: 280 (key), 288. - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 45 (key), 114, fig. 63
(designation of lectotype; in subgenus Pedothoeca).
- Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). -
Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 11
(list). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll.
list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list). - Carpenter,
1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 16 (notes on types). - Cooper, 2000, Entomol.
Mon. Mag. 136: 196 (nest association with Azteca; Agelaia
pallidiventris; Polybia rejecta, Synoeca virginea, Chartergus
chartarius, and Icteridae).
Distr.: Colombia: Meta, Putumayo;
Guyana; Suriname; Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Huánuco; Brazil: Amazonas, Goiás, Mato
Grosso, Pará, Rondônia.
spinifex
Richards
Polybia
spinifex Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 38, fig.
62, 45 (key), 119, fig. 62, female (in subgenus Pedothoeca) - “SURINAM: Sarakreek, Afobaka” (Leiden). - Raw, 1988,
Entomologist 107: 105 (nest site; Brazil), 106 (role in agriculture), 107
(prey: Cirphis sp.). - Kojima and van
Achterberg, 1997, Zool. Med., Leiden 71: 163 (list).
Distr.: Suriname; Brazil: Rondônia.
Subgenus
Platypolybia Richards
Platypolybia Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: v, 35, 124, subgenus of Polybia Lepeletier.
Type species: Polybia incerta Ducke,
1907, by original designation.
Platycephala Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 46. Incorrect spelling of Platypolybia Richards.
incerta
Ducke
Polybia
incerta Ducke, 1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5: 175
(key), 179, female - “Teffé (Estado do Amazonas)” (lectotype São Paulo); 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 495 (key), 500 (female; Brazil). -
Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J. New York Entomol. Soc. 50: 296 (key), 297 (Peru). -
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 124 (designation of lectotype). - Overal, 1978,
Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (list). - Nascimento and
Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 10 (list). - Carpenter,
1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 14 (notes on types).
Polybia
“weyrauchi
nov. spec., Bequaert” Weyrauch, 1943,
Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado 7: 72.
Nomen nudum.
Polybia
incerta var. (or subsp.) weyrauchi Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J. New York Entomol. Soc. 50: 298,
fig. 1A-C, female - “PERU: Oxapampa ... at 1800 m.” (Cambridge); also from 1200
m.
Polybia incerta morph incerta; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.:
46 (incerata [!]; key), 125 (in
subgenus Platypolybia).
Polybia incerta morph weyrauchi; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 46 (key), 125 (in subgenus Platypolybia).
Distr.: Ecuador: Pastaza; Peru:
Ayacucho, Huánuco, Junín, Pasco; Brazil: Amazonas, Pará; Bolivia: Chuquisaca,
Cochabamba, La Paz (?).
procellosa
dubitata Ducke
Polybia theresiana ?; Ducke,
1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5.
Polybia
dubitata Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl.
Hung. 8: 495 (key), 500, female - “Obidos” (lectotype São Paulo); also from
Belém, and Amazonas (Tabatinga). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi
(N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (list). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 126
(designation of lectotype). - Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para.
Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 10 (list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259:
13 (notes on types).
Polybia
procellosa var. dubitata;
Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J. New York Entomol. Soc. 50: 295, 297 (Guyana; Peru);
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 288.
Polybia
procellosa dubitata; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 46 (key), 126 (in subgenus Platypolybia).
- Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (dubidata [!]; list).
Distr.: Colombia: Vaupés; Guyana;
Suriname; French Guiana; Peru: Cuzco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto; Brazil: Amazonas,
Pará; Bolivia: Cochabamba.
procellosa
procellosa Zavattari
Polybia
procellosa Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat.
Comp. R. Univ. Torino 21 (529): 14, female - [Ecuador] “San José” (Torino). -
Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 495 (key), 500 (female;
Ecuador). - Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J. New York Entomol. Soc. 50: 295 (key),
297, fig. 1E-F (Ecuador); 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 281 (key), 288
(typical procellosa).
Polybia
procellosa procellosa; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 46 (key), 126 (in subgenus Platypolybia).
- Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list).
Distr.: Colombia: Meta, Putumayo; Ecuador:
Napo, Pichincha, Zamora-Chinchipe; Peru: Huánuco (?).
Subgenus
Polybia Lepeletier
Polybia Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1: 533, genus (3 species).
Type species: Polistes liliacea
Fabricius, 1804, by subsequent designation of Ashmead, 1902, Can. Entomol. 34:
166.
Iota de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 174, division II of subgenus Polybia of genus Polybia Lepeletier (12 species); at plates 22 and 24: division of
genus Polybia.
Type species: “Polybia liliacea (F.)” [= Polistes
liliacea Fabricius, 1804], by
subsequent designation of Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 33.
Jota Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 161; 1904, Genera Insect. 19:
76. Unjustified emendation of Iota de Saussure, 1854.
Eupolybia Dalla Torre, 1904, Genera Insect. 19: 76, name for subgenus Polybia of genus Polybia Lepeletier in de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 167 (53
species).
Type species: Polistes liliacea Fabricius, 1804, by subsequent designation of Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 33, 46.
Iota Richards, 1978, Social Wasps Am.: 33, 46, in synonymy of Polybia Lepeletier. Unjustified emendation of Jota Dalla Torre, 1894; unavailable
under Article 11.6 of the Code; junior homonym of Iota de Saussure, 1854.
liliacea (Fabricius)
Polistes
liliacea Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 271 - “America
meridionali” (Kobenhavn).
Polybia liliacea; Lepeletier,
1836, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1: 533 (French Guiana). - de Saussure, 1854, Ét.
Fam. Vesp. 2.: 174 (in division Iota;
French Guiana) [partim]. - Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 450 [partim].
- Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (cat.). - R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 199. - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, Pará 4: 345 (key), 350 (Brazil). - Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Anat. Comp. Torino 21 (529): 12 (Ecuador). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus.
Natl. Hung. 8: 494 (key), 508 (female, male, nest; Venezuela; French Guiana;
Brazil). - Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 208 (key), 211 (Guyana). - Bequaert,
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 278 (key), 282; 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol.
Venez. 7: 133 (list). - Araujo, 1960, Studia Entomol. (N. S.) 3: 252 (Brazil:
Amapá). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 35 (key), 46, fig. 43 (in subgenus Polybia). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus.
Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (list). - Raw, 1989, Maracá Rainfor.
Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 33 (nest; Brazil), 36 (distr.); 1989,
Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 41, 42, 44 (habitat
preference). - Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3):
217 (note on material seen by Fox). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol.
Par., Curitiba 20: 46 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42
(1/2): 358 (list).
Distr.: Panama; Colombia: Boyacá, Meta,
Nariño, Vaupés; Venezuela; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru:
Loreto; Brazil: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará,
Rondônia, Roraima, São Paulo; Bolivia: Beni.
striata
(Fabricius)
Vespa
striata Fabricius, 1787, Mantissa Insect.: 288 -
[French Guiana] “Cajennae” (Kobenhavn).
Polistes
striata; Fabricius,
1804, Syst. Piez.: 271. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 72 (striatus; species dubiae).
Polybia
liliacea; de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 174,
pl. XXII fig. 7 [partim]. - Fox,
1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 450 [partim].
- Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins.
Misidentification.
Polybia
sycophanta Gribodo, 1892 (1891), Boll. Soc.
Entomol. Ital. 23: 251, female - “Miarim (Brasile)” [Mearim] (Genova, Zürich).
- Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (cat.). - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
Pará 4: 345 (key), 350 (Brazil); 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 494
(key), 509 (female; Brazil). - Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1939, Proc. R. Entomol. Soc.
London (A) 14: 105 (mimicry). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N.
S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 16 (notes
on types).
Polybia striata; Bequaert, 1944,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 278 (key), 282 (syn.: sycophanta); 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 134 (Venezuela:
Táchira, Bolívar). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 35 (key), 47, fig. 44 (in
subgenus Polybia). - Raw, 1988,
Entomologist 107: 106 (role in agriculture). - Carpenter and van der Vecht,
1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 218 (note on material seen by Fox). - Almeida
and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 46 (coll. list). - Sarmiento,
1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (list).
Distr.: Colombia: Arauca, Boyacá, Meta,
Putumayo, Vaupés; Venezuela: Bolívar, D. F.*, Táchira; Trinidad; Guyana;
Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de
Dios, Pasco; Brazil: Acre, Amazonas, D. F., Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão,
Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, São Paulo;
Bolivia: Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz.
Subgenus
Synoecoides Ducke
Synoecoides Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol., Caen 24: 9, 16, genus.
Type species: Synoecoides depressa
Ducke, 1905, by monotypy.
depressa
(Ducke)
Synoecoides
depressa Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol., Caen 24: 16,
female - [Brazil:] “Teffé (Haut-Amazone) dans la forêt” (Belém); 1905, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 670; 1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5: 163, pl. 3 fig. 7
(nest), 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 489. - Zavattari, 1911, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 9: 343 (depressus;
compared to Mocsáryi n. sp.). -
Ducke, 1918, Rev. Mus. Paul. 10: 331 (depressa; cat.). - Araujo, 1944, Rev. Bras. Biol.
4: 340, figs. 1-5 (depressus; male;
distinction of mocsaryi doubtful). -
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 158 (depressus;
syn.: mocsaryi Zavattari; Peru;
Colombia). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 1 (depressus; designation of holotype as “lectotype”),
11 (list). - Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.)
95: 11 (list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (list). -
Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 19 (note on type). - Carpenter et
al., 2000, Am. Mus. Novitat.3298: 1-24, figs. 1, 10, 21, 30, 43 (depressus;
Synoecoides reduced to subgenus of Polybia).
Synoecoides
Mocsáryi Zavattari, 1911, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus.
Natl. Hung. 9: 343, female - “Brésil: Piauhy” [Piaui] (Budapest). - Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 158 (syn. of depressus).
Distr.: Colombia: Meta*, Nariño, Vaupés;
Ecuador*: Napo; Peru: Loreto; Brazil: Amazonas, Piaui; Bolivia*: Beni.
Subgenus
Trichinothorax Carpenter and Day
Trichinothorax Carpenter and Day, 1988, Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 90: 323, 327,
subgenus of Polybia Lepeletier,
replacement name for Trichothorax
Richards, 1978, non Montrouzier,
1860.
Type species: Vespa chrysothorax
Lichtenstein, 1796, by original designation as type species of Trichothorax Richards.
Trichothorax Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: v, 35, 101, subgenus of Polybia Lepeletier. Junior homonym of Trichothorax Montrouzier, 1860 (Coleoptera).
Type species: Vespa chrysothorax Lichtenstein, 1796, by original designation.
Trichthorax Snelling, 1981, Social Insects II (5): 416. Incorrect spelling of Trichothorax Richards.
affinis
du Buysson
Polybia
flavitincta; Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Anat. Comp. Torino 21 (529): 12 (Ecuador).
Polybia
affinis du Buysson, 1908, Rev. Entomol., Caen 27:
216, female - “Guyane française ... Saint-Jean-du-Maroni” (lectotype Paris);
also from three other localities in French Guiana. - Ducke, 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 493 (key), 504 (female; French Guiana; Brazil;
Ecuador). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 278 (key), 281. -
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 44 (key), 111 (designation of lectotype; in
subgenus Trichothorax). - Overal,
1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (list). - Almeida and
Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). - Carpenter, 1999,
Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 12 (notes on types).
Distr.: Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana;
Ecuador; Brazil: Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia.
batesi
Richards
Polybia
batesi Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 44 (key),
110, female (in subgenus Trichothorax)
- “BRAZIL: Amazonas, Tefé (=Ega)” (London). - Cooper, 1993, Entomol. Mon. Mag.
129.
Distr.: Peru: Pasco; Brazil: Amazonas.
chrysothorax
(Lichtenstein)
Vespa
chrysothorax Lichtenstein, 1796, Cat. Mus. Zool.
Dit. Hamburgi ... Sect. Tertia Ins.: 203 - “America” (type depository unknown).
- Weber, 1801, Observ. Entomol.: 103. - Kerzhner, 1994, Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 51
(2): 111, 112, 113 (proposed conservation). - Opinion 1820, 1995, Bull. Zool.
Nomencl. 52: 283 (available under the plenary powers of the ICZN).
Polistes
aurulenta Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 275 - “America
meridionali” (Kobenhavn).
Polybia
aurichalcea de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2:
178, female (in division Iota) - “Le
Brésil” (lectotype Paris). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (cat.). -
Ducke, 1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 7 (Brazil). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 108 (designation of lectotype). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259:
12 (note on type).
Polybia
tapajosensis Cameron, 1906, Entomologist 39: 151,
female - [Brazil:] “Rio Tapajos, Amazons” (London). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl.
Hung. 8: 541 (? Polybia, Stelopolybia or Megacanthopus). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 108 (syn. of P. chrysothorax (Lichtenstein)).
Polybia chrysothorax; de
Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 178, pl. XXIV fig. 3 (syn.: P. aurulenta Fabricius; in division Iota; French Guiana; Brazil). - Fox,
1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 451 (Brazil). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen.
Ins. 19: 77 (syn.: aurulenta
Fabricius; cat.). - R. von Ihering,
1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 203. - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 343
(key), 351 (Brazil); 1908, Rev. Entomol., Caen 27: 85 (Brazil); 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 492 (key), 504 (syns.: P. aurulenta Fabricius, P.
aurichalcea de Saussure; male, nest; Colombia; French Guiana; Brazil). -
Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 208 (key), 210 (Guyana). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 278 (key), 284; 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 132
(Venezuela). - Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1956, Entomol. Mon. Mag. (4) 17: 164-165
(nest; Guyana). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 44 (key), 108 (syn.: P. tapajosensis; in subgenus Trichothorax). - Schremmer, 1986, Öko-L
8 (nest). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 10
(list). - Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 218
(note on material seen by Fox). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358
(in subgenus Trichinotorax [!];
list). - Garcete-Barrett, 1999, Avispas Soc. Parag.: 8 (mimic of Polybia sericea), 34 (key, figs. 4aa, 4bb,
4cc), 37 (Paraguay).
Distr.: Panama; Colombia: Arauca,
Magdalena; Venezuela: Barinas; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador:
Esmereldas; Brazil: Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão,
Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio Grande do Norte, São Paulo; Paraguay:
Concepción, Canindeyú; Boliva: Beni, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz; Argentina: Jujuy.
eberhardae Cooper
Polybia
eberhardae Cooper, 1993, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 129:
33, female, male - “ECUADOR: Napo, Muyuna, 5 km west of Tena, 550 m” (holotype
female London); also from four other localities in Ecuador; and Colombia; Peru;
Brazil; Bolivia.
Distr.: Colombia: Caquetá, Valle (?),
Vaupés; Ecuador: Morona-Santiago, Napo; Peru: Junín, Loreto; Brazil: Amazonas,
Mato Grosso; Bolivia: Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz.
flavitincta
Fox
Polybia
flavitincta Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad.: 452, female - [Brazil:] “Santarem” (lectotype Pittsburgh). - Dalla
Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (cat.). - R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 185. - Ducke, 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 540. - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 44 (key),
113 (designation of lectotype, stated to be in Philadelphia; syn.: P. mediamericana; in subgenus Trichothorax). - Carpenter and van der
Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 219 (note on type series). - Sarmiento,
1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (in subgenus Trichinotorax [!]; list). - West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 586 (Costa Rica).
Polybia
mediamericana Bequaert, 1933, in Rau, Jungle Bees Wasps Barro Colorado Is.: 314, fig. 3, female -
[Panama] “Barro Colorado Island” (Cambridge). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.:
113 (syn. of P. flavitincta).
Distr.: Belize*; Guatemala; Honduras;
Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia: Arauca, Huila, Meta, Nariño, Valle; Venezuela;
Ecuador: El Oro, Esmereldas, Guayas, Pichincha, Tungurahua; Peru: Cuzco;
Brazil: Amazonas, Pará; Bolivia: La Paz.
gorytoides
gorytoides Fox
Polybia
gorytoides Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad.: 454, female - [Brazil:] “Chapada” (lectotype Pittsburgh); also from
Amazonas. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (cat.). - Ducke, 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 494 (key), 509 (syn.: P. sculpturata Ducke; female, male, nest; Brazil). - Bequaert,
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 281 [partim].
- Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (list). -
Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 219 (designation
of lectotype). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47
(coll. list).
Polybia
gorytoides gorytoides; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 43 (key), 102 (in subgenus Trichothorax).
Distr.: Brazil: Amazonas, Mato Grosso.
gorytoides
sculpturata Ducke
Polybia
sculpturata Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
347 (key), 356, female - [Brazil:] “Macapá” (lectotype Belém); also from Pará;
1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5: 181 (syn. of P. gorytoides Fox). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi
(N. S.), Zool. 94: 3 (designation of lectotype). - Nascimento and Overal, 1979,
Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 11 (list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am.
Mus. Novitat. 3259: 15 (notes on types).
Polybia
gorytoides sculpturata; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 43 (key), 102 (in subgenus Trichothorax).
- Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (in subgenus Trichinotorax [!]; list).
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas, Meta;
Venezuela*; Guyana; Suriname; Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Loreto; Brazil: Amapá,
Amazonas, Pará; Bolivia: Santa Cruz.
ignobilis
(Haliday)
Polistes
ignobilis Haliday, 1836, Trans. Linn. Soc. London
17: 322, female - [Brazil:] “St. Paul's” (London).
Polybia
atra; de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 181, not
pl. XXIV fig. 5 (female, male; in division Iota;
syn.: P. ignobilis Haliday); 1854,
Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: VV, revised explanation of pl. XXIV fig. 1. - Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 450 (Brazil: Amazonas, Mato Grosso). - Dalla
Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (cat.). - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
344 (key), 351 (Brazil). - Cameron, 1907, Invert. Pacif. 1: 183 (Belize), 184
(Nicaragua). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 493 (key), 502
(syn.: P. nigra de Saussure; female,
male, nest; Brazil; Colombia; Venezuela; French Guiana); 1913, Deutsch.
Entomol. Zeitschr.: 332 (syn.: P.
socialis de Saussure). - Hase, 1936, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde
Berlin 1936: 1-51. - Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60
(3): 217 (note on material seen by Fox).
Misidentification.
Polybia
socialis; de
Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: V, explanation of pl. XXIV fig. 1. -
Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 16.
Polybia
nigra de Saussure, 1858, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: VV,
revised explanation of plate, female (in division Iota) - “Le Brésil” (Paris). - R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 188. - Schrottky, 1904, Allg.
Zeitschr. Entomol. 9: 345 (Paraguay). - Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat.
Comp. Torino 21 (529): 12 (Ecuador). - Ducke, 1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 8
(Brazil), 11 (compared to P.
deuteroleucus n. sp.); 1908, Rev. Entomol., Caen 27: 85 (Brazil). -
Martorell, 1939, J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 23: 230 (Venezuela: Aragua, D.
F.). - Martorell and Salas, 1939, J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 23: 251
(Venezuela: Monagas). - Weyrauch, 1943, Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado 7: 71 (negra
[!]). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 16 (notes on types).
Polybia
ignobilis; Bequaert, 1944 (1943), Ann. Entomol.
Soc. Am. 36: 723, fig. 1D-F; 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 279 (key), 289;
1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 132 (Venezuela localities). -
West-Eberhard, 1975, Cespedesia 4 (16): 256 (Colombia: Cauca). - Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 43 (ignoblis
[!]; key), 106 (in subgenus Trichothorax).
- Gobbi and Machado, 1986, An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil 15 (Supl.): 117-124
(ethology). - Raw, 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.:
35 (Brazil), 36 (distr.); 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim.
Rep.: 41, 42 (habitat preference). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1993, Bol. Mus. Entomol. Univ. Valle
1 (2): 7 (nest; Colombia: Boyacá); 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (in
subgenus Trichinotorax [!]; list). -
O'Donnell, 1995, Biotropica 27: 136 (morphology). - Garcete-Barrett, 1999,
Avispas Soc. Parag.: 8 (mimics), 34 (lignobilis
[!]; key, figs. 3aa, 3cc), 37 (Paraguay).
Distr.: Belize; Nicaragua; Costa Rica;
Panama; Colombia: Antioquia, Arauca, Bolívar, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca,
Guajira, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Santander, Valle; Venezuela: Aragua,
Barinas, Bolívar, D. F., Guárico, Monagas, Trujillo; Guyana; French Guiana;
Peru: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lambayeque, Loreto, Piura, Puno; Brazil:
Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, D. F., Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso,
Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraiba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio
Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo;
Bolivia: Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz; Paraguay: Asunción;
Uruguay; Argentina: Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre
Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Misiones, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Fé,
Santiago del Estero, Tucumán.
lugubris
de Saussure
Polybia
lugubris de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 180,
pl. XXIV fig. 2, female (in division Iota)
- “La Guyanne” (Paris). - Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 450
(Brazil: Rio de Janeiro). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (cat.). -
Ducke, 1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 7 (Brazil); 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus.
Natl. Hung. 8: 493 (key), 506 (female, nest; Brazil). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 281 (Guiana locality doubtful). - Richards, 1978, Soc.
Wasps Am.: 44 (key), 112 (in subgenus Trichothorax).
- Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (list). -
Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 218 (note on
material seen by Fox). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba
20: 47 (coll. list).
Distr.: Panama; French Guiana; Brazil:
Espírito Santo, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São
Paulo.
micans
Ducke
Polybia
micans Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 347
(key), 351, female - [Brazil:] “Amapá” (lectotype Belém); also from Pará; 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 493 (key), 505 (female, nest; Brazil;
French Guiana). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 279 (key), 284
(typical micans). - Araujo, 1960,
Studia Entomol. (N. S.) 3: 252 (Brazil: Amapá). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 44 (key), 110 (in subgenus Trichothorax).
- Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 3 (designation
of lectotype), 10 (list). - Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio
Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 10 (list). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358
(in subgenus Trichinotorax [!];
Colombia: Caquetá, Putumayo, Vaupés; list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus.
Novitat. 3259: 14 (notes on types).
Polybia
sericeibalteata Cameron, 1906, Entomologist 39:
152, female - [Brazil:] “Rio Purus” (London). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat.
Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 541, species dubiae.
Distr.: Colombia: Caquetá, Putumayo,
Vaupés; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Huánuco, Junín,
Loreto; Brazil: Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará; Bolivia: Beni,
Cochabamba, La Paz.
minarum
Ducke
Polybia
minarum Ducke, 1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 8,
female - [Brazil:] “Barbacena” (lectotype London); 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus.
Natl. Hung. 8: 495 (key), 501 (female; Brazil; Paraguay). - Araujo, 1945, Rev.
Bras. Biol. 5: 157, figs. 1-5. - Willink, 1952, Acta Zool. Lilloana 10: 130. -
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 43 (key), 105 (designation of lectotype; in
subgenus Trichothorax). - Overal,
1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Nascimento
and Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 10 (list). -
Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). -
Garcete-Barrett, 1999, Avispas Soc. Parag.: 34 (key, figs. 3a, 3c), 37. -
Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 14 (notes on types).
Distr.: Brazil: Bahia, Minas Gerais,
Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo; Paraguay:
Alto Paraná; Argentina: Misiones.
nigrina
Richards
Polybia
nigratella; Bequaert, 1943 (1942), J. New York
Entomol. Soc. 50: 300. - Richards, 1951, in
Richards and Richards, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 136.
Polybia
nigrina Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 44 (key),
105, female (in subgenus Trichothorax)
- “MEXICO: N. Yucatán” (London); also from elsewhere in Yucatán, Veracruz. -
Rodríguez-Palafox, 1996, in Llorente-Bousquets et al., Biodiv.
Taxon. Biogeogr. Artrópod. México: 482 (list).
Distr.: Mexico: Veracruz, Yucatán.
punctata
du Buysson
Polybia
aurichalcea; Ducke, 1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5:
181.
Polybia
punctata du Buysson, 1908, Rev. Entomol., Caen 27:
216, female - “Brésil, Barbacena” (lectotype Paris). - Ducke, 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 492 (key), 504 (female; Brazil). - Araujo, 1950,
Arch. Inst. Biol. São Paulo 19: 269, figs. 1-3, pls. 1-2. - Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 44 (key), 112 (designation of lectotype; in subgenus Trichothorax). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus.
Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Almeida and Castro, 1991,
Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus.
Novitat. 3259: 154 (note on lectotype).
Distr.: Brazil: Bahia, Espírito Santo,
Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São
Paulo.
raui
raui Bequaert
Polybia
raui Bequaert, 1933, in Rau, Jungle Bees Wasps Barro Colorado Is.: 309, fig. 1 A-D,
female - [Panama] “Barro Colorado Island” (Cambridge); 1944 (1943), Ann.
Entomol. Soc. Am. 36: 727. - West-Eberhard et
al., 1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 586 (Costa Rica).
Polybia
raui raui; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 43
(key), 103 (in subgenus Trichothorax).
- Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (in subgenus Trichinotorax [!]; list). -
Rodríguez-Palafox, 1996, in Llorente-Bousquets et al., Biodiv.
Taxon. Biogeogr. Artrópod. México: 482 (list).
Distr.: Mexico: Tabasco, Veracruz;
Belize; Guatemala; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia: Boyacá, Magdalena, Nariño,
Putumayo, Valle; Venezuela: Falcón*.
raui
taeniata Richards
Polybia
raui taeniata Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 43
(key), 103, female (in subgenus Trichothorax)
- “ECUADOR: ? Napo, 'de Tandapi à Garretas'“ (Paris); also from Pichincha.
Distr.: Ecuador: Napo (?); Pichincha.
rufitarsis
peruviana Bequaert
Polybia
“rufitarsis nov.
var. peruviana Bequaert” Weyrauch,
1943, Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado 7: 72. Nomen
nudum.
Polybia
rufitarsis var. (or subsp.) peruviana Bequaert, 1944 (1943), Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 36: 729,
fig. 1M-N, female - “PERU: Valle Chanchamayo, 1100 m.” (Cambridge); also from five
other localities in Peru; and Ecuador; Bolivia.
Polybia
rufitarsis peruviana; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 43 (key), 104 (in subgenus Trichothorax).
- Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (in subgenus Trichinotorax [!]; list).
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas, Putumayo;
Ecuador: Napo, Tungurahua; Peru: Cuzco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Pasco; Brazil:
Amazonas; Bolivia: Beni, La Paz.
rufitarsis
rufitarsis Ducke
Polybia
rufitarsis Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
344 (key), 351, female - [Brazil:] “Itaituba (Rio Tapajoz)” (Belém); 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 493 (key), 502 (female, nest; Brazil). -
Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 279 (key), 289 (typical form). -
Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 3 (designation
of holotype as “lectotype”), 11 (list). - Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol.
Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 11 (list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus.
Novitat. 3259: 15 (note on type).
Polybia
rufitarsis var. rufitarsis;
Bequaert, 1944 (1943), Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 36: 728.
Polybia
rufitarsis rufitarsis; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 43 (key), 104 (in subgenus Trichothorax).
Distr.: Guyana; Brazil: Amazonas, Amapá,
Pará.
sericea
(Olivier)
Vespa
sericea Olivier, 1792, Encyc. Méthod. 6 (2): 675 -
[French Guiana] “Cayenne” (type lost). -
Latreille, 1824, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 11: 316 (compared to P. lecheguana n. sp.).
Polistes
nigripennis Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 272 - “America
meridionali” (Kobenhavn). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 71 (species
dubiae).
Rhopalidia
rufithorax Lepeletier, 1836, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym.
1: 539, female? - [French Guiana] “Cayenne, Amérique méridionale” (Torino?). -
de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 179 (syn. of Polybia sericea
(Olivier)).
Apoica
cubitalis de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 109,
pl. XVIII fig. 3, female - [Brazil:] “Bahia” (Paris). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen.
Ins. 19: 79 (cat.). - du Buysson, 1906, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 75: 333 (syn.
of P. sericea (Olivier)). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 107 (notes
on type). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 13 (notes on type).
Polybia sericea; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 179, pl. XXIV fig. 4 (in division Iota; syn.: R. rufithorax
Lepeletier; Brazil; French Guiana). - Möbius, 1856, Nester Gesell. Wespen: 8,
34 (key), pl. III (nest; Brazil). - Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.:
451. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (syn.: R. rufithorax Lepeletier; cat.). - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
Pará 4: 343 (key), 350 (Brazil); 1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 7 (Brazil);
1908, Rev. Entomol., Caen 27: 85 (Brazil); 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl.
Hung. 8: 492 (key), 503 (syns.: R.
rufithorax Lepeletier, A. cubitalis de
Saussure; male, nest; Brazil). - du Buysson, 1910, Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst. 29
(2): 232. - Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 208 (key), 210 (Guyana). - Myers,
1935, Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London 83: 15 (nest associated with unidentified
bird in Venezuela). - Martorell, 1939, J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 23: 231
(Venezuela). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 278 (key), 284
(typical form); 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 133 (Venezuela
localities). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 44 (key), 107 (in subgenus Trichothorax). Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para.
Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Jeanne and Castellón Bermúdez,
1980, J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 53: 274 (interaction with male Mischocyttarus drewseni). - Jeanne,
1981, Anim. Behav. 29:102-113 (chemical communication); 1981, Acta Amazon. 11:
153-156 (trail pheromone). - Machado et
al., 1988, Rev. Bras. Zool. 5: 261-266 (ethology). - Queller et al.,
1988, Science 242: 1155-1157 (genetics). - Raw, 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj.,
Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 35 (Brazil), 36 (distr.); 1989, Maracá Rainfor.
Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 41 (habitat preference). - Carpenter and
van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 218 (note on material seen by
Fox). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll.
list). - Raveret-Richter and Jeanne, 1991, Ins. Soc. 38 (2): 139-147
(ethology). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (in subgenus Trichinotorax [!]; list). - O'Donnell,
1995, Biotropica 27: 136 (morphology). - Garcete-Barrett, 1999, Avispas Soc.
Parag.: 8 (mimics), 34 (key, figs. 4a, 4b, 4c), 37 (Paraguay).
Polybia
melanocephala Cameron, 1906, Entomologist 39: 152
(in division “M.Y”) - [Brazil:] “Rio Purus, Amazons” (holotype female London).
- Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 540, species dubiae.
Polybia
nigriceps Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 208 (key),
210, female - locality not stated [Guyana] (London) [non Zavattari, 1906]. - Myers, 1935, Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. London
83: 14 (nests associated with birds, Tyrannidae spp., in Brazil). - Bequaert,
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 263 (species of Mischocyttarus).
Polybia sericea var. nigripennis; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 284; 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 134 (Venezuela). -
Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1956, Entomol. Mon. Mag. (4) 17: 164 (nest; Guyana).
Distr.: Colombia: Boyacá, Magdalena,
Meta, Vaupés; Venezuela: Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Zulia; Guyana; Suriname;
French Guiana; Peru: Cajamarca, Cuzco, San Martin; Brazil: Amapá, Amazonas,
Bahia, Ceará, D. F., Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas
Gerais, Pará, Paraiba, Paraná, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de
Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo; Bolivia: La Paz, Santa
Cruz; Paraguay; Uruguay; Argentina: Buenos Aires, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre
Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, San Juan, Santa Fé.
tinctipennis
nebulosa Bequaert
Polybia
tinctipennis var. (or subsp.) nebulosa Bequaert, 1944 (1943), Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 36: 728,
female - “TRINIDAD” (Cambridge); also from Guyana; and possibly Brazil; 1944,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 289; 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 134
(Venezuela: Mérida).
Polybia
tinctipennis nebulosa; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 43 (key), 104 (in subgenus Trichothorax).
- Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (in subgenus Trichinotorax [!]; Colombia: Magdalena,
Putumayo; list).
Distr.: Costa Rica; Colombia: Magdalena,
Putumayo; Venezuela: Mérida; Trinidad; Guyana; Ecuador: Napo; Brazil: Pará (?).
tinctipennis
tinctipennis Fox
Polybia
tinctipennis Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad.: 452, female - [Brazil:] “Chapada” (lectotype Pittsburgh). - Dalla
Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (cat.). - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
344 (key), 352 (Brazil); 1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 7 (Brazil); 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 493 (key), 502 (syn.: P. ypiranguensis R. von Ihering; Brazil). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 279 (key), 289 (typical form). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus.
Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Carpenter and van der
Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 219 (designation of lectotype). -
Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (in subgenus Trichinotorax [!]; Colombia: Vaupés;
list). - West-Eberhard et al., 1995,
Hym. Costa Rica: 586 (Costa Rica).
Polybia
ypiranguensis R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul.
6: 170 (key), 188, figs. 1, 3, female - “Brazil” (London, Washington).
Polybia
tinctipennis var. tinctipennis; Bequaert, 1944 (1943), Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 36:
727.
Polybia
tinctipennis tinctipennis; Richards, 1978, Soc.
Wasps Am.: 43 (key), 103 (in subgenus Trichothorax).
- Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). -
Rodríguez-Palafox, 1996, in Llorente-Bousquets et al., Biodiv.
Taxon. Biogeogr. Artrópod. México: 482 (list).
Distr.: Mexico: Chiapas; Guatemala;
Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia: Vaupés; Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Junín,
Loreto; Brazil: Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais,
Pará, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo; Bolivia: Beni.
velutina
Ducke
Polybia
lugubris; Ducke,
1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 682.
Polybia
chrysothorax; Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Anat. Comp. Torino 21 (529): 12 (Ecuador).
Polybia
velutina Ducke, 1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5: 171
(key), 180, female, male - [Brazil:] “Rio Japurá” (lectotype female London);
also from Teffé, Tabatinga; and Peru; 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8:
493 (key), 505 (female, male, nest; Brazil; Ecuador). - Richards, 1978, Soc.
Wasps Am.: 44 (key), 110 (designation of lectotype; in subgenus Trichothorax). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus.
Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Nascimento and Overal,
1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 11 (list). - Almeida and
Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994,
Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 358 (in subgenus Trichinotorax
[!]; list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 16 (notes on types).
Polybia
micans var. velutina;
Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 284.
Distr.: Panama*; Colombia: Amazonas,
Caquetá, Meta, Putumayo, Vaupés; Guyana; French Guiana; Ecuador: Napo; Peru:
Cuzco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto; Brazil: Acre, Amazonas, Bahia; Bolivia: La Paz,
Pando.
Genus
Protonectarina Ducke
Protonectarina Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 451, 477, genus.
Type species: Polybia sylveirae de
Saussure, 1854, by monotypy.
sylveirae
(de Saussure)
Polybia
sylveirae de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 171
(sylveibae [!]), pl. XXII fig. 2,
Errata: 256, female (in division Alpha)
- “Le Brésil” (Paris). - Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 450 (Brazil:
Rio de Janeiro). - R. von Ihering, 1903, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 72: 152
(nest; Brazil: São Paulo). - Ducke, 1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 7 (Brazil);
1908, Rev. Entomol., Caen 27: 85 (Brazil). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.:
127 (invalid designation of lectotype). - Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991,
Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 217 (note on material seen by Fox). - Almeida and
Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). - Carpenter, 1999,
Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 17 (notes on types).
Polybia
Enxuy Smith, 1863, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London (3)
1: 511, female - “Brazil” (London). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (enxius [!]; cat.).
Protonectarina sylveirae; Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 477 (syn.: Polybia enxuy Smith; female, male, nest; Paraguay; Brazil). -
Araujo, 1946, Arq. Inst. Biol., São Paulo 17 (14): 229-238, pl. 15. - Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 127. - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N.
S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Dohtsu et al.,
1993, Nat. Toxins 1 (5): 271-276 (venom chemistry). - Garcete-Barrett, 1999,
Avispas Soc. Parag.: 32, fig. (Paraguay).
Distr.: Brazil: Bahia, Ceará, D. F.,
Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul,
Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo; Paraguay: Alto Paraná, Concepción,
Alto Paraguay; Argentina: Misiones.
Genus
Protopolybia Ducke
Protopolybia Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol., Caen 24: 7, 9, 17, genus (9 species,
partly doubtful).
Type species: Polybia bella R. von
Ihering, 1903, by subsequent designation of Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio
de Janeiro 15: 97.
Pseudochartergus Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol., Caen 24: 9, 15, genus (2 species). Rejected by Carpenter and Wenzel, 1990
(1989), Psyche 96:185, acting as first reviser.
Type species: Charterginus cinctellus Fox, 1898 [= Nectarina
chartergoides Gribodo, 1891], by
subsequent designation of Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 9: 103.
acutiscutis
(Cameron)
Polybia
acutiscutis Cameron, 1906, Zeitschr. Syst. Hym.
Dipt. 6: 385, female - “British Honduras” (London); 1907, Invert. Pacif. 1:
183. - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 539 (probably var. of Protopolybia sedula).
Protopolybia pumila var. acutiscutis; Bequaert, 1944, Rev.
Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 123 (key), 125 (Guatemala; Honduras; Costa Rica;
Panama; Colombia; Brazil; Peru; Bolivia); 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7:
(Venezuela: Mérida).
Protopolybia acutiscutis; Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 140 (key), 150. - Carpenter and Wenzel, 1990 (1989),
Psyche 96: 182, 184 (nest). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359
(list). - West-Eberhard et al., 1995,
Hym. Costa Rica: 586 (Costa Rica).
Distr.: Belize; Guatemala; Honduras;
Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia: Antioquia, Caquetá, Cauca, Magdalena, Meta,
Nariño, Putumayo; Venezuela: D. F., Mérida; Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Junín, Loreto;
Brazil: Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia; Bolivia: Beni, La Paz.
aliciae
Silveira
Protopolybia aliciae Silveira, 2004, Zootaxa 598: 1, 2, figs. 1-3, female, nest - “Brasil,
PA, Melgaço, Caxiuanã, ECFPn, 1:44 S / 51:28 O” (Belem).
Distr.: Brazil: Pará.
alvarengai Richards
Protopolybia
alvarengai Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 139
(key), 146, female - “BRAZIL: Rondônia, Pimenta Bueno” (Curitiba). - Almeida
and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 43 (note on type material). -
Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (Colombia: Nariño; list).
Distr.: Colombia: Nariño; Brazil:
Rondônia.
amarella
Bequaert
Protopolybia
amarella Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de
Janeiro 15: 101 (key), 113, female - “British Guiana: Source of Essequibo River”
(Cambridge); also from Colombia; 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 266 (key),
267 (“new species”), fig. 1. - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 139 (key), 149.
- Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (list).
Protopolybia “'mellea' Ducke” Overal,
1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11. Nomen
nudum.
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas; Guyana;
Peru: Huánuco, Loreto; Brazil: Acre; Bolivia: Pando.
bella (R. von Ihering)
Polybia
bella R. von Ihering, 1903, Ann. Soc. Entomol.
France 72: 146 - “Surinam” (holotype female São Paulo); 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul.
6: 177, pl. 4 fig. 5. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (cat.).
Protopolybia bella; Ducke, 1905, Rev.
Entomol., Caen 24: 18; 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 674, pl. 3 fig. 12
(female, male; nest; Brazil: Lower Japurá); 1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5:
165, 166; 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 469 (key), 473, fig. 2
(syn.: Polybia cameranii Zavattari;
female, male, nest; Suriname; Brazil; Panama); 1918, Rev. Mus. Paul. 10: 324. -
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 139 (key), 146. - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para.
Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Silveira and Carpenter, 1996
(1995), J. New York Entomol. Soc. 103: 49 (male; Panama).
Protopolybia picteti var. bella; Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol.,
Rio de Janeiro 15: 117 (key), 118; 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 266 (list).
- Araujo, 1960, Studia Entomol. (N. S.) 3: 252 (Brazil: Amapá).
Distr.: Panama; Suriname; Peru: Huánuco,
Junín; Brazil: Amapá, Amazonas; Bolivia.
biguttata
Bequaert
Protopolybia
picteti var. (or subsp.) biguttata Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 116
(key), 119, female - “Peru: El Campamiento, Col. Perene” (Ithaca).
Protopolybia biguttata; Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 139 (key), 148.
Distr.: Peru: Junín, Madre de Dios.
bituberculata Silveira and Carpenter
Protopolybia sedula var. exigua; Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat.
Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 474 [partim].
Protopolybia
bituberculata Silveira and Carpenter, 1996 (1995),
J. New York Entomol. Soc. 103: 48, figs. 1A, 2A, 3, female, male, nest - “Brazil:
Pará, Vigia, Campo do Palha” (holotype female Belém); also from Amazonas and
Maranhão; and Peru; Ecuador.
Distr.: Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Loreto;
Brazil: Amazonas, Maranhão Pará.
cameranii
(Zavattari)
Polybia
Cameranii Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat.
Comp. R. Univ. Torino 21 (529): 10, female - [Panama] “Punta de Sabana”
(Torino).
Protopolybia picteti var. cameranii; Bequaert, 1944, Rev.
Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 117 (key), 120.
Protopolybia cameranii; Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 145.
Distr.: Panama.
chanchamayensis
Bequaert
Protopolybia
“chanchamayensis
Bequaert nov. spec.” Weyrauch, 1943, Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado 7:
73. Nomen nudum.
Protopolybia
chanchamayensis Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio
de Janeiro 15: 100 (key), 101, fig. 1A-D, female - “Peru: San Ramon, Valle
Chanchamayo, near the confluence of the Rio Perene and the Rio Chanchamayo, 800
m.” (Cambridge); also from Hacienda San Juan, Col. Perene. - Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 137 (key), 140, fig. 72. - Carpenter and Wenzel, 1990 (1989),
Psyche 96: 179 (characters).
Distr.: Peru: Junín.
chartergoides
boshelli (Bequaert)
Pseudochartergus
chartergoides var. boshelli Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 9: 104,
female - “El Retiro near Restrepo, Int. Meta, Colombia” (holotype Cambridge);
also from elsewhere in Meta, and Antioquia.
Pseudochartergus
chartergoides boshelli; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 155 (key), 157.
Protopolybia chartergoides boshelli; Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol.
Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (list).
Distr.: Colombia: Antioquia, Meta;
Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Huánuco, Loreto; Bolivia: Beni, Cochabamba.
chartergoides
chartergoides (Gribodo)
Nectarina
chartergoides Gribodo, 1892 (1891), Boll. Soc.
Entomol. Ital. 23: 253, female - [French Guiana] “Caienna” (Genova). - Dalla
Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 86 (cat.). - Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol., Caen 24:
11; 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará: 663 (not a Nectarina).
Charterginus
cinctellus Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad.: 460 - “Brazil ... Chapada” (lectotype female Pittsburgh). - Dalla
Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 85 (cat.). - R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 117, 234, pl. 6 fig. 11. -
Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 222 (designation
of lectotype).
Chartergus
cinctellus; Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
325, 329 (key), 337 (Brazil). - Cameron, 1907, Invert. Pacif. 1: 181 (critellus
[!]).
Chartergus
chartergoides; Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará
4: 325.
Pseudochartergus chartergoides; Ducke,
1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 466 (female, male, nest; key; syns.: Charterginus cinctellus Fox, Chartergus acutiscutis Cameron, Chartergus panamensis Zavattari; Belize;
Panama; Peru; Brazil). - Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 9: 104
(typical chartergoides). - Overal,
1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Carpenter
and Wenzel, 1990 (1989), Psyche 96: 182-183 (nest).
Pseudochartergus chartergoides var. cinctellus; Bequaert, 1938, Rev.
Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 9: 104 (syns.: acutiscutis
Cameron, panamensis Zavattari) [partim]; 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.
94: 264 (probable syn.: “Charterginus”
pallidibalteatus Cameron).
Protopolybia chartergoides chartergoides; Araujo, 1960, Studia Entomol.
(N. S.) 3: 252 (Brazil: Amapá). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2):
359 (list).
Pseudochartergus chartergoides chartergoides morph chartergoides; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 154 (key), 156.
Pseudochartergus chartergoides chartergoides morph cinctellus; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 155 (key), 156. -
Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list).
Protopolybia chartergoides; Carpenter
and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 222.
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas*, Caquetá,
Magdalena, Meta, Putumayo, Tolima*, Valle, Vaupés; Venezuela: Zulia*; Guyana;
Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador: Esmereldas*, Manabi, Napo, Tungurahua; Peru:
Cuzco, Huánuco, Loreto; Brazil: Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará,
Rondônia, São Paulo; Bolivia: La Paz.
chartergoides
isthmensis (Richards)
Pseudochartergus
chartergoides isthmensis Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 155 (key), 157, female - “PANAMA: Sabanas” (Washington); also from
Tocumen; and Costa Rica.
Protopolybia chartergoides;
West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym.
Costa Rica: 586 (Costa Rica). - O'Donnell, 1995, Biotropica 27: 136
(morphology).
Distr.: Belize; Costa Rica; Panama;
Colombia: Tolima*.
duckei
(du Buysson)
Charterginus
duckei du Buysson, 1905, Bull. Soc. Entomol. France
1905: 126, female - “Brésil, Bahia” (? Wien). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat.
Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 470 (syn. of Protopolybia
emortualis (de Saussure)). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 144 (syn. of emortualis). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus.
Novitat. 3259: 17 (note on type).
Protopolybia emortualis var. duckei; Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol.,
Rio de Janeiro 15: 116, fig. 2 (“scarcely worthy of a name”; Guyana); 1944,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 270 (separation from typical form doubtful). - Richards,
1951, in Richards and Richards,
Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 22 (syn.: Charterginus
rufo-ornatus Cameron; nest; Guyana).
Protopolybia duckei; Carpenter et
al., 2001, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 109: 180 (valid species; French
Guiana).
Distr.: French Guiana; Brazil: Bahia.
duckeianus
(Richards)
Pseudochartergus
duckeianus Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 154
(key), 155, fig. 73, female - “BRAZIL: AP, Oiapoque (Oyapock)” (London). -
Carpenter and Wenzel, 1990 (1989), Psyche 96: 179-181, 184 (characters).
Distr.: Suriname; Brazil: Amapá.
emortualis
(de Saussure)
Chartergus
emortualis de Saussure, 1855, Rev. Mag. Zool. 7:
374 - “Brésil (Santarem, vallée des Amazones)” (holotype female London). -
Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 135. - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 168;
1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 85 (cat.). - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 326.
Chartergus
rufiventris Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
325, 329 (key), 335, female - [Brazil:] “Belem do Pará” (lectotype Paris);
1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5: 166 (syn. of Protopolybia emortualis
(de Saussure)).. - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 144 (designation of
lectotype). - Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N.
S.) 95: 9 (list).
Protopolybia rufiventris; Ducke, 1905,
Rev. Entomol., Caen 24: 18; 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 662 (nest), 673
(male; Brazil); 1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5: pl. 2 fig. 2a-b.
Charterginus
rufo-ornatus Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 220,
female - locality not stated [Guyana] (lectotype London). - Richards, 1951, in Richards and Richards, Trans.
Entomol. Soc. London 102: 22 (syn. of Protopolybia
emortualis var. duckei); 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 144 (rufoornatus; designation of lectotype). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus.
Novitat. 3259: 18 (notes on types).
Protopolybia emortualis; Ducke, 1907,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5: 165 (key), 166, pl. 2 fig. 2a-b (syn.: Chartergus rufiventris Ducke; nest;
Peru; Brazil; Suriname); 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 468 (key),
470, fig. 1 (syn.: Charterginus duckei du
Buysson; female, male, nest; ethology); 1914, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.) 36: 309;
1918, Rev. Mus. Paul. 10: 324. - Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro
15: 101 (key), 115 (typical emortualis;
Suriname); 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 265 (key), 270 (typical emortualis). - Richards, 1978, Soc.
Wasps Am.: 138 (key), 144. - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N.
S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Carpenter and Wenzel, 1990 (1989), Psyche 96:
179-181, 184 (characters). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359
(Colombia: Meta, Tolima, Santander del Sur, Cundinamarca, Magdalena; list). -
Carpenter et al., 2001, J. New York Entomol. Soc. 109: 179 (Brazil;
French Guiana), 180 (syn.: rufoornatus).
Protopolybia
laboriosa; Bodkin, 1918, Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond.
1917: 297-321. Misidentification.
Protopolybia rufo-ornata; Bequaert,
1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 131 (unrecognized species; possibly
variant of P. picteti); 1944, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 270 (possibly color form of P. picteti).
Distr.: Colombia: Cundinamarca,
Magdalena, Meta, Santander del Sur, Tolima; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana;
Peru: Huánuco, Loreto; Brazil: Acre, Amazonas, Pará.
exigua
binominata (Schulz)
Polybia
minutissima de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2:
170, female (in division Alpha) - “L'Amérique
méridionale. Quixos” [Ecuador] (? Torino) [junior secondary homonym of Protopolybia minutissima (Spinola, 1851)]. - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9:
164; 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (cat.).
Polybia
binominata Schulz, 1906, Spolia Hym.: 233. Replacement name for P. minutissima de Saussure, 1854.
Protopolybia sedula; Rau, 1933, Jungle
Bees Wasps Barro Col. Is.: 87, figs. 41-42. Misidentification.
Protopolybia sedula var. exigua; Brèthes, 1920, An. Soc. Cient.
Argent. 89: 51. Misidentification.
Protopolybia
minutissima var. binominata; Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 106
(key), 107 (nest) [partim]; 1944,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 267.
Protopolybia
exigua binominata;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 138 (key), 143. - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol.
Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (list). - Silveira and Carpenter, 1996 (1995), J. New York
Entomol. Soc. 103: figs. 1B, 2B.
Distr.: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia:
Amazonas, Meta, Nariño, Putumayo, Santander, Vaupés; Guyana; Suriname; French
Guiana*; Ecuador: Napo, Pastaza; Peru: Cuzco, Huánuco, Junín; Bolivia: Beni, La
Paz, Pando.
exigua
exigua (de Saussure)
Polybia
exigua de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 173,
pl. XXII fig. 1, female (in division Alpha)
- “Le Brésil. Capitainerie de Goyaz” (Paris). - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus.
5: 125. - Rudow, 1901, Berlin. Entomol. Zeitschr. 46: 341 (nest). - Dalla
Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (cat.).
? Polybia
sedula; Möbius, 1856, Abhand. Naturw.
Vereins Hamburg 3: 126; 1856, Nester Gesell. Wespen: 6, 34 (key), pl. II (nest;
Brazil; Venezuela: Puerto Cabello); 1856, Arch. Naturgesch. 22: 330 (key), fig.
4. - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 124. - Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad.: 451 (Brazil: Amazonas, Mato Grosso). - Rudow, 1898, Illus. Zeitschr.
Entomol. 3: 25 (nest); 1901, Berlin. Entomol. Zeitschr. 46: 341 (nest). -
Brèthes, 1903, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 9: 28. - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, Pará 4: 342 (key), 349 (in subgenus Polybia;
female; nest; Brazil: Pará). - Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp.
Torino 21 (529): 10 (Panama). - Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann.
Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 218 (note on material seen by Fox). Misidentification.
Polybia
diligens Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 132, female
- “Brazil (Santarem)” (London). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (cat.).
Polybia
palmarum Blanchard, 1868, Métamorph. Mouers
Instincts Ins.: 414 fig., 415, female - “commune au Guatémala” (Paris). -
Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 474 (syn. of sedula var. exigua). - Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 110
(probably syn. of pumila var. acutiscutis (Cameron)). - Silveira and
Carpenter, 1996 (1995), J. New York Entomol. Soc. 103: 53 (syn. of P. exigua de Saussure). - Carpenter,
1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 17 (notes on types).
Polybia minutissima sedula; R.
von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6:
179, 247, pl. 6 fig. 9 (nest; Brazil: São Paulo, Bahia, Espírito Santo,
Amazonas; Peru; Suriname) [partim].
Protopolybia sedula; Ducke, 1907, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5: 166 (key), 167; 1907, Rev. Entomol., Caen 26: 94 (Brazil);
1908, Rev. Entomol., Caen 27: 85 (Brazil); 1910, Rev. Entomol., Caen 28: 118
(var.: exigua Saussure); 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 470 (key), 474, fig. 3 (syns.: P. exigua de Saussure, P. pumila de Saussure, P. palmarum Blanchard, P. diligens Smith, P. punctulata Ducke; female, male, nest; Central America; Brazil;
Paraguay; French Guiana) [partim];
1914, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.) 36: 309-311, figs. B-D (nest); 1918, Rev. Mus. Paul.
10: 324 (many additional localities in Brazil; Paraguay; Peru; French Guiana).
- Bertoni, 1918, An. Cient. Parag. (2) 3: 204 (Paraguay). - da Fonseca, 1927,
Rev. Mus. Paul. 14: 171 (nest).
Misidentification.
Protopolybia exigua; Ducke, 1908, Rev.
Entomol., Caen 27: 85 (Brazil). - Machado and Rodrigues, 1975, Rev. Agric.,
Piracicaba 50: 95-102 (caste polymorphism). - ? Raw, 1989, Maracá Rainfor.
Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 33, 36 (distr.); 1989, Maracá Rainfor.
Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 41 (habitat preference). - Carpenter and
Wenzel, 1990 (1989), Psyche 96: 179 (characters). - Gastreich et al., 1993, Ethol. Ecol. Evol. 5 (4):
529-539 (genetics). - Queller et al., 1993, Nature 365: 639-641
(genetics). - West-Eberhard et al.,
1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 586 (Costa Rica). - O'Donnell, 1995, Biotropica 27: 136
(morphology). - Strassmann et al., 1998, Mol. Ecol. 7:709-718
(ethology). - Garcete-Barrett, 2002 (2001), Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Parag.
13: 48 (Paraguay).
Protopolybia
sedula var. exigua;
Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 474 (syn.: diligens Smith); 1918, Rev. Mus. Paul.
10: 324 (Brazil).
Polybia
nana Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 208 (key), 209,
female - locality not stated [Guyana] (lectotype London) [junior primary
homonym of Polybia nana de Saussure,
1863]. - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 142 (designation of lectotype).
Protopolybia
minutissima var. sedula; Martorell and Salas, 1939, J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 23:
251 (Venezuela: Trujillo). - Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15:
106 (key), 109; 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 267; 1949 (1948), Bol.
Entomol. Venez. 7: 131 (Venezuela localities). Misidentification.
Protopolybia
minutissima var. exigua; Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 106
(key), 108 (Colombia; Venezuela; Trinidad; Brazil; Bolivia); 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 267.
Protopolybia nana; Bequaert, 1944,
Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 133 (unrecognized species); 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 270 (unrecognized).
Protopolybia
exigua exigua;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 138 (key), 142. - Simões and Zucchi, 1980,
Naturalia 5: 79-87 (ethology). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359
(list). - Silveira and Carpenter, 1996 (1995), J. New York Entomol. Soc. 103:
49 (male; Brazil: Goiás). - Simões et al., 1996, Sociobiol. 28 (1): 121-129
(ethology; parasitism by Megaselia
(Phoridae)).
Distr.: Guatemala; Costa Rica; Panama;
Colombia: Amazonas*, Arauca, Meta; Venezuela: Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, D.
F.*, Falcón*, Monagas, Trujillo, Zulia; Trinidad; Guyana; Suriname; French
Guiana; Ecuador: Esmereldas, Napo; Peru: Loreto, Madre de Dios; Brazil: Acre,
Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, D. F., Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso,
Minas Gerais, Pará, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São
Paulo; Bolivia: Cochabamba, Santa Cruz; Paraguay: Concepción.
fuscatus
(Fox)
Charterginus
fuscatus Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.:
459, female - “Brazil ... Mararu” (Pittsburgh). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins.
19: 85 (cat.).
Chartergus
fuscatus; Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
325, 329 (key), 338 (Brazil).
Pseudochartergus fuscatus; Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 466 (female; key; Brazil; Peru). -
Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 9: 105 (Colombia: Boyacá; Peru).
- Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 154 (key), 155. - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus.
Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Carpenter and Wenzel, 1990
(1989), Psyche 96: 180 (characters), 183 (nest).
Protopolybia fuscatus; Carpenter and
van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 222. - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev.
Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (list).
Distr.: Colombia: Boyacá, Putumayo,
Valle; Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Huánuco, Junín, Loreto; Brazil: Amazonas, Pará;
Bolivia: Beni, La Paz.
holoxantha
(Ducke)
Polybia
holoxantha Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
342 (key), 349, female, nest - [Brazil:] “Oyapoc” (lectotype London). -
Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 207 (key), 209 (Guyana). - Richards, 1978, Soc.
Wasps Am.: 140 (designation of lectotype). - Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol.
Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 10 (list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus.
Novitat. 3259: 17 (notes on types).
Protopolybia holoxantha; Ducke, 1905,
Rev. Entomol., Caen 24: 18; 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 675 (Brazil), pl. 3
fig. 11 (nest); 1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5: 166, 168 (French Guiana); 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 469 (key), 477 (female, male, nest; French
Guiana; Brazil). - Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 100 (key),
104 (Guyana), fig. 1E-G; 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 265 (key), 266
(list). - Araujo, 1960, Studia Entomol. (N. S.) 3: 252 (Brazil: Amapá). -
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 137 (key), 140. - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para.
Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Silveira and Carpenter, 1996
(1995), J. New York Entomol. Soc. 103: 49 (male; Guyana). - Carpenter and Wenzel,
1990 (1989), Psyche 96: 179-180 (characters).
Distr.: Guyana; French Guiana; Brazil:
Amapá, Amazonas.
iheringi
Ducke
Polybia
pumila; R. von Ihering, 1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6:
176, 247 [partim].
Protopolybia
Iheringi Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl.
Hung. 8: 469 (key), 474, female, nest - “Pérou, oriental subandin, Marcapata”
(lectotype São Paulo). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 139 (key), 148 (iheringi; designation of lectotype). -
Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (ihering [!]; list). - Nascimento and
Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 11 (iheringi; list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am.
Mus. Novitat. 3259: 17 (notes on types).
Distr.: Peru: Cuzco.
laboriosa (de Saussure)
Polybia
laboriosa de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 171,
female (in division Alpha) - “Le
Mexique” (Torino?). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77 (cat.).
Protopolybia laboriosa; Bequaert,
1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 130 (unrecognized species). -
Rodríguez-Palafox, 1996, in Llorente-Bousquets et al., Biodiv.
Taxon. Biogeogr. Artrópod. México: 482 (list).
Distr.: Mexico.
minutissima
(Spinola)
Polistes
minutissima Spinola, 1851, preprint of Mem. R.
Accad. Sci. Torino (2) 13: 62, female - [Brazil:] “Para” (? Torino). - Dalla
Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 132; 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 70 (cat.).
Rhopalidia
minutissima; Spinola, 1854, in Osculati, Esplorazione lungo il Napo ed Amazzoni: 201. - Dalla
Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 164.
Polybia minutissima; Smith, 1857,
Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 124. - R. von Ihering,
1904, Rev. Mus. Paul. 6: 178 (Brazil: Espírito Santo, São Paulo). - Zavattari,
1906, Bol. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino 21 (529): 10 (Panama).
Protopolybia minutissima; Ducke, 1905,
Rev. Entomol., Caen 24: 18; 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 675 (Brazil:
Teffé); 1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 7 (Brazil); 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus.
Natl. Hung. 8: 470 (key), 476 (nest; Ecuador; Panama; French Guiana; Brazil);
1918, Rev. Mus. Paul. 10: 325. - da Fonseca, 1926, Rev. Mus. Paul. 14: 171 (nest).
- Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 106 (typical minutissima; earlier references probably
based on more than one color form of this species).; 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool. 94: 265 (key), 267 (typical minutissima).
- Richards and Richards, 1951, Trans. Entomol. Soc. London 102: 19. - Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 138 (key), 141. - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio
Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Carpenter and Wenzel, 1990 (1989),
Psyche 96: 179-180 (characters). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359
(Colombia: Santander del Sur; list).
Distr.: Panama; Colombia: Santander del
Sur; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Huánuco, Junín,
Loreto; Brazil: Minas Gerais; Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia; Bolivia: Cochabamba,
Pando.
nitida (Ducke)
Chartergus
nitidus Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 325,
327 (key), 338, female - [Brazil:] “Obidos” (lectotype London); also from
Oyapoc. - Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 118 (syn. of Protopolybia picteti var. bella (R. von Ihering)). - Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 145 (designation of lectotype). - Nascimento and Overal,
1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 9 (list). - Carpenter, 1999,
Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 17 (notes on types).
Protopolybia nitida; Ducke, 1905, Rev.
Entomol., Caen 24: 18; 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 674; 1907, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, Pará 5: 165; 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 469 (key), 473
(female; Brazil); 1918, Rev. Mus. Paul. 10: 324 (Peru). - Richards, 1978, Soc.
Wasps Am.: 139 (key), 145. - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N.
S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list).
Distr.: Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Huánuco; French
Guiana*; Brazil: Amapá, Pará.
pallidibalteatus
(Cameron)
Charterginus
pallidibalteatus Cameron, 1912, Timehri (3) 2: 219,
female - locality not stated [Guyana] (London).
Chartergus
pallidilineatus [!]; Bodkin, 1918, Trans. Entomol.
Soc. Lond. 1917: 297-321.
Pseudochartergus pallidibalteatus;
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 154 (key), 157. - Carpenter and Wenzel, 1990
(1989), Psyche 96: 180 (characters), 182 (nest).
Distr.: Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana.
panamensis
(Zavattari)
Chartergus
panamensis Zavattari, 1906, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat.
Comp. R. Univ. Torino 21 (529): 4, female - [Panama] “Colon” (Torino). -
Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 9: 104 (syn. of Pseudochartergus chartergoides var. cinctellus (Fox)).
Chartergus
acutiscutis Cameron, 1907, Invert. Pacif. 1: 183,
female - “Belize” (London) [secondary junior homonym of Polybia acutiscutis Cameron, 1906]. - Bequaert, 1938, Rev.
Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 9: 104 (syn. of Pseudochartergus
chartergoides var. cinctellus (Fox)).
Pseudochartergus chartergoides var. cinctellus; Bequaert, 1938, Rev.
Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 9: 104 [partim];
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 264 (specimens from Belize, Honduras, Panama,
Colombia, are Pseudochartergus panamensis
(Zavattari)).
Pseudochartergus panamensis; Bequaert,
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 264. - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 154
(key), 157. - Carpenter and Wenzel, 1990 (1989), Psyche 96: 183 (nest).
Protopolybia panamensis; Sarmiento,
1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (list). - West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 586
(Costa Rica). - Silveira and Carpenter, 1996 (1995), J. New York Entomol. Soc.
103: 49 (male; Panama).
Distr.: Belize; Guatemala; Honduras;
Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia: Antioquia, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Magdalena,
Santander.
perfulvula
Bequaert
Protopolybia
picteti var. (or subsp.) perfulvula Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 117
(key), 121, female - “Panama: Rio Agua Salud, C. Z.” (Cambridge); also from
Barro Colorado Island; and Costa Rica.
Protopolybia
perfulvula; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 139
(key), 147. - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (list). -
West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym.
Costa Rica: 586 (Costa Rica).
Distr.: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia:
Atlantico, Valle.
picteti
fulvotincta (Cameron)
Polybia
fulvotincta Cameron, 1907, Invert. Pacif. 1: 184,
female (in subgenus Clypearia) - “Belize”
(lectotype London). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 147 (designation of
lectotype).
Protopolybia fulvotincta; Ducke, 1908,
Deutsch. Entomol. Zeitschr.: 696 (female, male); 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus.
Natl. Hung. 8: 469 (key), 472 (female, male; Belize). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus.
Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list).
Protopolybia
picteti var. fulvotincta;
Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 117 (key), 120.
Protopolybia picteti var. iheringi; Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol.,
Rio de Janeiro 15: 116 (key), 120 (Costa Rica). Misidentification.
Protopolybia picteti fulvotincta; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 139 (key), 147.
Protopolybia picteti; West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 586
(Costa Rica).
Distr.: Belize; Costa Rica.
picteti
picteti (de Saussure)
Polybia
picteti de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 168,
pl. XXI fig. 2, female (in division Alpha)
- “Lébao [Libano]. Colombie” (Paris). - Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 124.
- Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 165. - Rudow, 1901, Berlin. Entomol.
Zeitschr. 46: 341 (nest from Venezuela). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78
(cat.).
Protopolybia picteti; Ducke, 1905,
Rev. Entomol., Caen 24: 18; 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 468
(key), 471 (female, nest; Colombia). - Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de
Janeiro 15: 117 (typical picteti;
male; Panama; Colombia); 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 131 (record by
Rudow unreliable).
Protopolybia picteti picteti; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.:
139 (key), 147. - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (list).
Distr.: Panama; Colombia: Magdalena,
Tolima; Venezuela: D. F.
rotundata
Ducke
Polybia pumila; Fox, 1898, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 449 [partim].
Protopolybia
rotundata Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl.
Hung. 8: 469 (key), 472, female - “La Mana, Guyane française” (lectotype
Paris). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 138 (key), 145 (designation of lectotype).
- Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). -
Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.) 95: 11
(list). - Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 215
(note on material seen by Fox). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 18
(notes on types).
Protopolybia pumila var. rotundata; Bequaert, 1944, Rev.
Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 123 (key), 126; 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94:
270 (list).
Distr.: French Guiana; Brazil: Mato
Grosso.
rubrithorax
Bequaert
Protopolybia
“rubrithorax Bequaert
nov. spec.” Weyrauch, 1943, Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado 7: 73. Nomen
nudum.
Protopolybia
minutissima var. (or subsp.) rubrithorax Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 106
(key), 110, fig. 1L-N, female, nest - “Peru: Tingo Maria, Rio Huallaga, 700 m.”
(holotype female Cambridge).
Protopolybia
rubrithorax; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 138
(key), 142. - Carpenter and Wenzel, 1990 (1989), Psyche 96: 179 (characters).
Distr.: Peru: Huánuco.
rugulosa
Ducke
Protopolybia minutissima; Ducke, 1905,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 697, pl. 3 fig. 10.
Protopolybia
rugulosa Ducke, 1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5: 166
(key), 167, female - [Brazil:] “Teffé” (lectotype London); 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 476 (syn. of P.
laboriosa (de Saussure)). - Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro
15: 130. - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 137 (key), 143 (designation of
lectotype). - Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N.
S.) 95: 11 (list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (Colombia:
Amazonas; list). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 18 (notes on
types).
? Protopolybia
laboriosa; Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 470 (key), 476
(female, nest; Mexico; Brazil). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi
(N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list).
Misidentification.
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas; Suriname;
French Guiana; Brazil: Amazonas.
scutellaris
Bequaert
Protopolybia
scutellaris Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de
Janeiro 15: 100 (key), 111, fig. 1H-K, female - “Costa Rica: Suretka, Province
Limon” (Ithaca). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 137 (key), 141, fig. 71
(nest; Panama; Colombia). - Carpenter and Wenzel, 1990 (1989), Psyche 96:
179-180 (characters), 182 (nest). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2):
359 (list). - West-Eberhard et al.,
1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 586 (Costa Rica).
Distr.: Costa Rica; Panama*; Colombia:
Nariño, Valle.
sedula
(de Saussure)
Polybia
sedula de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 169,
pl. XXI figs. 3-6, female (in division Alpha)
- [Brazil:] “Bahia” (Paris, Genève). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78
(cat.). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 18 (notes on types).
Polybia
pumila de Saussure, 1863, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist.
Nat. Genève 17: 239, female (in division Alpha)
- “Brésil” (Frankfurt). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 165. - Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 449 [partim]
(Brazil: Mato Grosso). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78 (cat.). -
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 150 (designation of lectotype; syn. of Protopolybia sedula (de Saussure)). -
Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 215 (note on
material seen by Fox). - Carpenter, 1999, Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 18 (notes on
type; syn. confirmed).
Protopolybia pumila; Ducke, 1905, Rev.
Entomol., Caen 24: 18. - Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 101
(key), 123 (typical pumila; male;
nest; Colombia; Venezuela; Guyana; Suriname; Brazil; Peru; Bolivia); 1944,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 266 (key), 270 (typical pumila); 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 131 (Venezuela: D.
F.). - Machado and Rodrigues, 1975, Rev. Agric., Piracicaba 50: 95-102 (caste
polymorphism). - Machado, 1977, Rev. Brasil. Biol. 37: 771-784 (ethology). -
Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list).
Protopolybia
punctulata Ducke, 1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5:
166 (key), 167, female - “Iquitos (Perú amazonico) e Barbacena (Minas Geraes)
... La Mana (Guyana franceza) ... de diversas localidades do Estado de São
Paulo” (Bern). - Nascimento and Overal, 1979, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N.
S.) 95: 11 (list). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 142 (syn. of exigua de Saussure). - Obrecht and Huber,
1993, Jahrb. Naturhist. Mus. Bern 11: 178 (syntype in Bern corresponds to sedula de Saussure). - Carpenter, 1999,
Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 1, 18 (notes on types; syn. of sedula de Saussure).
Protopolybia sedula; Ducke, 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 474 [partim].
- Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). -
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 144 (syn.: P.
pumila de Saussure). - Carpenter and Wenzel, 1990 (1989), Psyche 96: 180
(characters), 183 (nest). - Machado, 1982, in
Jaisson, Soc. Ins. Tropics 1: 189-192 (ethology). - Almeida and Castro, 1991,
Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 47 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol.
Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (list). - Silveira and Carpenter, 1996 (1995), J. New York
Entomol. Soc. 103: 49 (male; Peru). - Garcete-Barrett, 1999, Avispas Soc.
Parag.: 32, fig.
Protopolybia sedula morph sedula; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.:
140 (key), 150.
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas, Caquetá,
Magdalena, Putumayo; Venezuela: D. F.; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana;
Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Pasco; Brazil: Bahia, D. F.,
Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio
de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo; Bolivia: Beni, La Paz; Paraguay:
Asunción, Alto Paraná; Argentina: Misiones.
steinbachi Richards
Protopolybia
steinbachi Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 139
(key), 148, female - “BOLIVIA” (London).
Distr.: Bolivia.
weyrauchi
Bequaert
Protopolybia
“weyrauchi Bequaert
nov. spec.” Weyrauch, 1943, Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat. Javier Prado 7: 73. Nomen
nudum.
Protopolybia
weyrauchi Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de
Janeiro 15: 101 (key), 126, fig. 3A-G, female, male, nest - “Peru: San Ramon,
Valle Chanchamayo, 800 m.” (holotype female Cambridge). - Richards, 1978, Soc.
Wasps Am.: 140 (key), 149. - Carpenter and Wenzel, 1990 (1989), Psyche 96: 180
(characters), 183 (nest). - Silveira and Carpenter, 1996 (1995), J. New York
Entomol. Soc. 103: 49, fig. 2C (male; Peru).
Distr.: Peru: Junín.
wheeleri
Bequaert
Protopolybia
picteti var. (or subsp.) wheeleri Bequaert, 1944, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 15: 117
(key), 121, fig. 3H-N, female, male, nest - “Panama: Frijoles, C. Z.” (holotype
female Cambridge).
Protopolybia wheeleri; Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 139 (key), 146. - Silveira and Carpenter, 1996 (1995), J. New
York Entomol. Soc. 103: 49 (male; Panama).
Distr.: Nicaragua; Panama; Colombia*.
Genus
Pseudopolybia de Saussure
Pseudopolybia de Saussure, 1863, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genève 17: 237,
division of genus Polybia Lepeletier,
1836.
Type species: Polybia vespiceps de
Saussure, 1863, by monotypy.
Xanthocaba Meade Waldo, 1914, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14: 406, in synonymy of
Parachartergus vespiceps var. testacea
Ducke. Unavailable under Article
11.6 of the Code.
compressa
(de Saussure)
Chartergus
compressus de Saussure, 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 217
(key), 223, pl. XXXI fig. 6, male - “Les Amazones” (
Chartergus
luctuosus Smith, 1857, Cat. Hym. Br. Mus. 5: 135,
female - “
Chartergus
laticinctus Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
323, 326 (key), 330, female - [
Parachartergus
luctuosus; Ducke, 1905, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
662 (nest).
Parachartergus compressus; Ducke, 1910,
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 527 (key), 530, fig. 15 (syns.: C. luctuosus Smith, C. laticinctus Ducke; female, male, nest; Ecuador; Brazil).
Pseudopolybia compressa; Bequaert,
1938, Rev. Entomol., Rio de Janeiro 9: 113 (typical form); Martorell and Salas,
1939, J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 23: 251 (Venezuela: Aragua). - Almeida and
Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Pseudopolybia compressa var. laticincta; Bequaert, 1938, Rev.
Entomol.,
Pseudopolybia compressa var. luctuosa; Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol.,
Pseudopolybia compressa morph compressa; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 225 (key), 227.
Pseudopolybia compressa morph luctuosa; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 225 (key), 227.
Pseudopolybia compressa morph laticincta; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 225 (key), 228.
Parachartergus compressus; Overal, 1978,
Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 10 (list).
Distr.:
difficilis
(Ducke)
Parachartergus
difficilis Ducke, 1905, Rev. Entomol.,
Pseudopolybia difficilis; Bequaert,
1938, Rev. Entomol.,
Distr.:
langi
Bequaert
Pseudopolybia
langi Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94:
299, fig. 2, female - “BRITISH GUIANA: Kamakusa” (
Distr.:
vespiceps
(de Saussure)
Polybia
vespiceps de Saussure, 1863, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist.
Nat. Genève 17: 237, pl. 2 fig. 27, female - “Brésil” (Frankfurt). - Fox, 1898,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 450 (
Chartergus
vespiceps; Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4:
323, 326 (key), 329 (
Parachartergus
vespiceps; Ducke, 1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 6
(Brazil); 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 527 (key), 530, fig. 14
(typical vespiceps; male; Brazil).
Parachartergus
vespiceps var. testacea
Ducke, 1907, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 5: 160 - “
Pseudopolybia vespiceps; Bequaert,
1938, Rev. Entomol.,
Pseudopolybia vespiceps var. testacea; Bequaert, 1938, Rev. Entomol.,
Pseudopolybia vespiceps morph vespiceps; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 225. - Raw, 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 38
(
Pseudopolybia vespiceps morph testacea; Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps
Am.: 225. - Raw, 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 38
(
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas, Caquetá;
Venezuela: Amazonas*; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana; Ecuador: Napo; Peru:
Junín, Loreto, Pasco; Brazil: Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, D. F., Espirito Santo,
Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia,
Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo; ?
Genus Synoeca de Saussure
Synoeca de Saussure, 1852, Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. (2) 10: 550, 551, genus
(6 species).
Type species: Vespa surinama Linnaeus,
1767, by subsequent designation of Ashmead, 1902, Can. Entomol. 34: 165.
Synaeca Brèthes, 1906, An. Mus. Nac.
chalibea
de Saussure
Synoeca chalibea de Saussure,
1852, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France (2) 10: 556, female - [French Guiana] “Cayenne”
(? Paris); 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 161, pl. XVIII fig. 5 (chalybea [!]). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 81 (chalybea; cat.). - Ducke, 1904, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 340 (chalybea
[!]; Brazil). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 274 (key), 276 (chalybea; typical form). - Richards, 1978,
Soc. Wasps Am.: 179 (key), 181, fig. 80 (syn.: S. irina var. splendens).
- Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 48 (coll. list). -
Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (list). - Garcia and Gaiani,
1996 (1994), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 9 (2): 152 (key), 153 (Venezuela), fig. 2. -
West-Eberhard et al., 1995, Hym.
Costa Rica: 587 (Costa Rica).
Synoeca irina var. splendens du Buysson, 1906, Ann. Soc.
Entomol. France 75: 358, female - “Pérou: Valcanota; Bolivie: Songo”
(Budapest). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 487. - Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 181 (syn. of S.
chalibea de Saussure).
Synoeca irina var. chalybea; Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat.
Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 487 (Colombia).
Synoeca chalybea var. splendens; Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. 94: 276 (distinction doubtful).
Distr.: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia;
Venezuela: Amazonas; Guyana; French Guiana; Ecuador: Napo; Peru: Cuzco,
Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Pasco; Brazil: Amazonas, Pará, Mato Grosso; Bolivia:
Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz.
cyanea
(Fabricius)
Vespa
cyanea Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Entomol.: 372 - “Brasilia”
(London); 1781, Spec. Ins.: 1: 469; 1787, Mant. Ins.: 293. - Christ, 1791,
Naturgesch. Ins.: 227. - Olivier, 1792, Encyc. Méthod. 6 (2): 674. - Fabricius,
1793, Entomol. Syst. 2: 282. - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8:
486 (syn. of S. surinama (Linnaeus)).
Polistes
cyanea; Fabricius,
1804, Syst. Piez.: 279. - Lepeletier and Serville, 1825, Encyc. Méthod. 10:
172.
Epipone
[!] cyanea; Haliday, 1836, Trans. Linn. Soc. London
17: 322 (Brazil: São Paulo; Colombia).
Synoeca cyanea; de Saussure,
1852, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France (2) 10: 553, pl 11 fig. 2 (French Guiana;
Suriname; Brazil); 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 159. - Möbius, 1856, Nester Gesell.
Wespen: 5, 35 (key), pl. I (nest; Brazil). - Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad.: 446 (Rio de Janeiro). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 81 (cat.). -
Schrottky, 1904, Allg. Zeitschr. Entomol. 9: 345 (nest; Paraguay). - Ducke,
1906, Rev. Entomol., Caen 25: 7 (Brazil). - Schremmer, 1973, in Wolf, Encyc. Cinematograph. (film). -
Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 179 (key), 180. - Schremmer, 1986, Öko-L 8
(nest). - Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 214
(note on material seen by Fox). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par.,
Curitiba 20: 48 (coll. list). - Garcete-Barrett, 1999, Avispas Soc. Parag.: 8
(mimics), 31, fig. (Paraguay).
Synoeca azurea de Saussure, 1852,
Ann. Soc. Entomol. France (2) 10: 554, female - “Le Brésil, Bahia” (Paris);
also from Mexico; 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 160. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins.
19: 81 (cat.). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 542 (syn. of S. surinama (Linnaeus)). - Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 180 (invalid designation of lectotype; syn. of cyanea (Fabricius)). - Carpenter, 1999,
Am. Mus. Novitat. 3259: 19 (notes on types).
Synoeca ultramarina de Saussure,
1852, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France (2) 10: 554, pl 11 fig. 1, male, female - “Sainte-Catharine au Brésil” (lectotype
female Paris); 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 160. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19:
82 (cat.). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 486 (syn. of S. surinama (Linnaeus)). - Bequaert,
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 275 (syn. of Synoeca surinama, typical
form). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 180 (designation of lectotype).
Synoeca violacea de Saussure,
1852, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France (2) 10: 555, female - “Le Brésil. Rapporté de
Sainte-Catharine” (Paris); 1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 161. - Dalla Torre, 1904,
Gen. Ins. 19: 82 (cat.). - Ducke, 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 486
(syn. of S. surinama (Linnaeus)).
Distr.: Brazil: Bahia, D. F., Espírito
Santo, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro,
Santa Catarina, São Paulo; Paraguay: Cordillera, Paraguarí, San Pedro,
Canindeyú, Concepción, Alto Paraná, Guairá; Argentina: Misiones.
septentrionalis
Richards
Synoeca cyanea; Zavattari, 1906,
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino 21 (529): 9 (Ecuador). - Cameron,
1907, Invert. Pacif. 1: 183 (Belize).
Synoeca surinama var. cyanea; du Buysson, 1906, Ann. Soc.
Entomol. France 75: 353 (northern Venezuela). - Martorell, 1939, J. Agric.
Univ. Puerto Rico 23: 230 (Venezuela: Aragua, D. F.). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 275; 1949 (1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 132 (Venezuela
localities).
Synoeca sp.; Skutch, 1959, Anim. King. 57: 8-13 (predation by Daptrius americanus; Costa Rica).
Synoeca
septentrionalis West-Eberhard, 1975, Cespedesia 4
(16): 255. Nomen nudum.
Synoeca surinamensis [!];
Windsor, 1976, Biotropica 8: 112 (Costa Rica). - Maes, 1988, Rev. Nicarag.
Entomol. 5: 18, 80, 83, 89 (surinama;
Nicaragua) [misidentification].
Synoeca septentrionalis Richards,
1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 179 (key), 180, female, male - “MEXICO: Guerrero,
Tepetlapa, 3000 ft (914 m)” (holotype female London); also from Chiapas,
Colima, D. F., Guanajuato, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatán;
Belize; and Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama;
Colombia; Venezuela; Ecuador; Peru. - Starr, 1988, Biotropica 20: 171 (nesting
associations). - Starr and Bozzoli, 1990, in
Overal, Ethnobiol., Part B, Ethnozool.: 191 (ethnobiology in Costa Rica). -
Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (list). - Garcia and Gaiani,
1996 (1994), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 9 (2): 153 (key), 154 (Venezuela), 158 (prey
records), figs. 1, 3. - West-Eberhard et
al., 1995, Hym. Costa Rica: 587 (Costa Rica). - O'Donnell, 1995, Biotropica
27: 136 (morphology). - Rodríguez-Palafox, 1996, in Llorente-Bousquets et
al., Biodiv. Taxon. Biogeogr. Artrópod. México: 482 (list).
Distr.: Mexico: Chiapas, Colima, D. F.,
Guanajuato, Guerrero, Morelos, Nayarit*, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tabasco, Veracruz,
Yucatán; Belize; Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica;
Panama; Colombia: Antioquia, Arauca, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta,
Nariño, Tolima, Valle; Venezuela: Aragua, Barinas, Carabobo, Cojedes, D. F.,
Falcon, Lara, Mérida, Miranda, Monagas, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy; Ecuador: El
Oro, Esmereldas, Guayas, Manabi, Pichincha; Peru: Tumbes.
surinama
(Linnaeus)
Vespa
surinama Linnaeus, 1767, Syst. Nat., Ed. 12: 952 - “Surinami”
(type depository unknown); 1767, Syst. Nat., ed. 12: 952. - Christ, 1791,
Naturgesch. Ins.: 215. - Olivier, 1792, Encyc. Méthod. 6 (2): 676.
Vespa
nigricornis Olivier, 1792, Encyc. Méthod. 6 (2):
675 - [French Guiana] “Cayenne” (type lost).
Polistes
coerulea Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 279 - “America
meridionali” (Kobenhavn).
Synoeca coerulea; de Saussure,
1852, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France (2) 10: 552 (syns.: V. nigricornis Olivier, 1792, ? V.
surinama).
Synoeca surinama; de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 158 (syns.: V.
nigricornis Olivier, P. coerulea Fabricius;
French Guiana). - Fox, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 446 (Brazil:
Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro). - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 81
(syns.: V. nigricornis Olivier, P. coerulea Fabricius; cat.). - Ducke,
1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 340, pl. 2 fig. 10 (male; Brazil). - Zavattari,
1906, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. R. Univ. Torino 21 (529): 10 (surimana [!]; Ecuador). - du Buysson,
1906, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France 75: 353 (Venezuela: Apure). - Ducke, 1910, Ann.
Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 486, fig. 7 (syns.: V. nigricornis Olivier, P.
coeruleus Fabricius, V. cyanea Fabricius,
S. violacea de Saussure, S. ultramarina de Saussure; female, male;
Brazil). - Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1939, Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. London (A) 14: 105 (surinamensis [!]; mimicry). - Bequaert,
1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 274, 275 (typical form; Mexico); 1949 (1948),
Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 131 (Venezuela). - Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1956, Entomol.
Mon. Mag. (4) 17: 165 (surinamensis
[!]; Guyana). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 179, fig. 79. - Overal, 1978,
Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N. S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list). - Castellon, 1980,
Acta Amazon. 10: 679-690 (population dynamics); 1980, Acta Amazon. 10: 883-896
(nest); 1981, Acta Amazon. 11: 377-382 (ethology); 1982, Acta Amazon. 12:
665-666 (mating behavior). - Raw, 1988, Entomologist 107: 105 (nest site), 106
(role in agriculture), 107 (prey: Spodoptera
probably frugiperda, Alabama argillacea (Hueb.)). - Raw,
1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 36 (Brazil), 36
(distr.); 1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 41, 42
(habitat preference). - Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus.
60 (3): 213 (note on material seen by Fox). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta
Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 48 (coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop.
42 (1/2): 359 (list). - Garcia and Gaiani, 1996 (1994), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 9
(2): 153 (key), 157 (Venezuela), 158 (morphometric comparison with septentrionalis).
- Carpenter et al., 1996, J. Hym.
Res. 5: 160 (male genitalia).
Synoeca azurea; Fox, 1898, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 446 (Brazil: Mato Grosso). Misidentification.
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas, Caquetá,
Meta, Valle, Vaupés; Venezuela: Amazonas, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar,
Carabobo, Guárico*, Miranda, Sucre; Trinidad; Guyana; Suriname; French Guiana;
Ecuador: Napo, Pastaza*, Zamora-Chinchipe*; Peru: Huánuco, Junín, Loreto;
Brazil: Amazonas, Bahia, D. F., Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais,
Pará, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima; Bolivia: Beni,
Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz.
virginea
(Fabricius)
Polistes
virginea Fabricius, 1804, Syst. Piez.: 277 - “America
meridionali” (Kobenhavn).
Polistes
irina Spinola, 1851, preprint of Mem. R. Accad.
Sci. Torino (2) 13: 59, female - [Brazil:] “Para” (Torino).
Synoeca testacea de Saussure,
1854, Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2: 162, female - [Brazil:] “Le Para” (London). - Fox,
1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.: 446 (Brazil: Amazonas). - Dalla Torre,
1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 82 (cat.). - Ducke, 1904, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 340
(Brazil). - Carpenter and van der Vecht, 1991, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 60 (3): 213
(note on material seen by Fox).
Polybia irina; de Saussure, 1854,
Ét. Fam. Vesp. 2.: 212, species dubiae. - Dalla Torre, 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 77
(cat.).
Synoeca irina; Ducke, 1905, Bol.
Mus. Goeldi, Pará 4: 660 (nest); 1910, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 486
(key), 487 (syns.: S. testacea de Saussure, S. chalybea;
female, male, nest; Brazil). - Overal, 1978, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi (N.
S.), Zool. 94: 11 (list).
Synoeca virginea; Schulz, 1912,
Berl. Entomol. Zeitschr. 57: 84 (syns.: P. irina Spinola, S. testacea
de Saussure). - Bequaert, 1944, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 94: 274 (key), 275; 1949
(1948), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 7: 132 (Venezuela: Bolívar). - Hamilton, 1972,
Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 3: 225 (ethology). - Richards, 1978, Soc. Wasps Am.: 179
(key), 182. - Overal, 1982, J. Georgia Entomol. Soc. 17: 1-4 (ethology). - Raw,
1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 36 (Brazil), 37 (distr.);
1989, Maracá Rainfor. Proj., Invert. Limnol., Prelim. Rep.: 41, 42 (habitat
preference). - Almeida and Castro, 1991, Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 20: 48
(coll. list). - Sarmiento, 1994, Rev. Biol. Trop. 42 (1/2): 359 (list). -
Garcia and Gaiani, 1996 (1994), Bol. Entomol. Venez. 9 (2): 153 (key;
Venezuela). - Carpenter et al., 1996,
J. Hym. Res. 5: 162 (nest). - Cooper, 2000, Entomol. Mon. Mag. 136: 196 (nest
association with Azteca; Agelaia pallidiventris; Polybia
rejecta, P. singularis, Chartergus chartarius, and
Icteridae).
Distr.: Colombia: Amazonas, Caquetá,
Meta, Putumayo, Vaupés; Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolívar; Guyana; Suriname;
Ecuador: Napo, Pastaza*; Peru: Cuzco, Huánuco, Loreto*, Madre de Dios, San
Martin; Brazil: Acre, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Piaui, Rondônia, Roraima;
Bolivia.
Fossil
Species (assignment dubious)
Polybia ? anglica Cockerell,
1921, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 7: 20, fig. 23.
Oligocene of Great Britain (Isle of
Wight).
Polybia
oblita Cockerell, 1921, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 8:
545, fig. 5.
Oligocene of Great Britain (Isle of
Wight).
Unrecognized
Species
Polybia plebeja de Saussure,
1867, Reise Novara, Zool. 2 (1), Hym.: 21, female, male - “Mexico” (?
Wien). - Dalla Torre, 1894, Cat. Hym. 9: 165 (cat.); 1904, Gen. Ins. 19: 78
(cat.). - Zikán, 1949, Bol. Parq. Nac. Itatiaia 1: 231.
Mischocyttarus
plebeja; Rodríguez-Palafox, 1996, in
Llorente-Bousquets et al., Biodiv. Taxon. Biogeogr. Artrópod. México:
482 (list).
* indicates new
record.