Introduction :: GEORGIA
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The region of present day Georgia contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Domination by Persians, Arabs, and Turks was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short by the Mongol invasion of 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.
Mounting public discontent over rampant corruption and ineffective government services, followed by an attempt by the incumbent Georgian Government to manipulate parliamentary elections in November 2003, touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, president since 1995. In the aftermath of that popular movement, which became known as the "Rose Revolution," new elections in early 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI into power along with his United National Movement (UNM) party. Progress on market reforms and democratization has been made in the years since independence, but this progress has been complicated by Russian assistance and support to the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Periodic flare-ups in tension and violence culminated in a five-day conflict in August 2008 between Russia and Georgia, including the invasion of large portions of undisputed Georgian territory. Russian troops pledged to pull back from most occupied Georgian territory, but in late August 2008 Russia unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces remain in those regions.
Billionaire philanthropist Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in October 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the October 2012 parliamentary elections and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and allowed Georgian Dream to create a new government. Giorgi MARGVELASHVILI was inaugurated as president on 17 November 2013, ending a tense year of power-sharing between SAAKASHVILI and IVANISHVILI. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and Georgia's legislature on 20 November 2013 confirmed Irakli GARIBASHVILI as his replacement. GARIBASHVILI was replaced by Giorgi KVIRIKASHVILI in December 2015. KVIRIKASHVILI remained Prime Minister following Georgian Dream’s success in the October 2016 parliamentary elections, where the party won a constitutional majority. These changes in leadership represent unique examples of a former Soviet state that emerged to conduct democratic and peaceful government transitions of power. Popular and government support for integration with the West is high in Georgia. Joining the EU and NATO are among the country's top foreign policy goals.
Geography :: GEORGIA
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Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe; note - Georgia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both
42 00 N, 43 30 E
Asia
total: 69,700 sq km
land: 69,700 sq km
water: 0 sq km
note: approximately 12,560 sq km, or about 18% of Georgia's area, is Russian occupied
country comparison to the world: 122
slightly smaller than South Carolina; slightly larger than West Virginia
Area comparison map:
Middle East
::GEORGIA
Area Comparison
slightly smaller than South Carolina; slightly larger than West Virginia
total: 1,814 km
border countries (4): Armenia 219 km, Azerbaijan 428 km, Russia 894 km, Turkey 273 km
310 km
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast
largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; fertile soils in river valley flood plains and foothills of Kolkhida Lowland
mean elevation: 1,432 m
elevation extremes: lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point: Mt'a Shkhara 5,193 m
timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth
agricultural land: 35.5%
arable land 5.8%; permanent crops 1.8%; permanent pasture 27.9%
forest: 39.4%
other: 25.1% (2011 est.)
4,330 sq km (2012)
settlement coincides closely to the central valley, with emphasis on the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest
earthquakes
air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
strategically located east of the Black Sea; Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them; Krubera Cave in the western part of the country is the deepest-known cave in the world; at -2,197 m it is the only known cave on earth deeper than 2,000 m
People and Society :: GEORGIA
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4,926,330 (July 2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
noun: Georgian(s)
adjective: Georgian
Georgian 86.8%, Azeri 6.3%, Armenian 4.5%, other 2.3% (includes Russian, Ossetian, Yazidi, Ukrainian, Kist, Greek) (2014 est.)
Georgian (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1%
note: Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia (2014 est.)
Orthodox (official) 83.4%, Muslim 10.7%, Armenian Apostolic 2.9%, other 1.2% (includes Catholic, Jehovah's Witness, Yazidi, Protestant, Jewish), none 0.5%, unspecified/no answer 1.2% (2014 est.)
0-14 years: 18.08% (male 466,426/female 424,295)
15-24 years: 11.94% (male 310,970/female 277,434)
25-54 years: 40.96% (male 983,144/female 1,034,794)
55-64 years: 13.01% (male 286,539/female 354,247)
65 years and over: 16.01% (male 309,353/female 479,128) (2017 est.)
population pyramid:
Middle East
::GEORGIA
Population Pyramid
A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.
For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.
total dependency ratio: 50
youth dependency ratio: 28.1
elderly dependency ratio: 21.9
potential support ratio: 4.6 (2015 est.)
total: 38.1 years
male: 35.3 years
female: 40.9 years (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
-0.02% (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 195
12.3 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 162
10.9 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30
-1.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151
settlement coincides closely to the central valley, with emphasis on the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest
urban population: 54% of total population (2017)
rate of urbanization: -0.09% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia
TBILISI (capital) 1.147 million (2015)
at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.11 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.11 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.81 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female
total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
24.5 years
note: data do not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia (2014 est.)
36 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
total: 15.2 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 17.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 12.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100
total population: 76.4 years
male: 72.3 years
female: 80.7 years (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
1.76 children born/woman (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
53.4%
note: percent of women aged 15-44 (2010)
7.4% of GDP (2014)
country comparison to the world: 69
4.78 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
2.6 beds/1,000 population (2012)
improved:
urban: 100% of population
rural: 100% of population
total: 100% of population
unimproved:
urban: 0% of population
rural: 0% of population
total: 0% of population (2015 est.)
improved:
urban: 95.2% of population
rural: 75.9% of population
total: 86.3% of population
unimproved:
urban: 4.8% of population
rural: 24.1% of population
total: 13.7% of population (2015 est.)
0.5% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
12,000 (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
<500 (2016 est.)
21.7% (2016)
country comparison to the world: 86
1.1% (2009)
country comparison to the world: 131
2% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 167
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.8%
male: 99.8%
female: 99.7% (2015 est.)
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 16 years (2015)
total: 35.6%
male: 28.6%
female: 30.8% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
Government :: GEORGIA
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conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Georgia
local long form: none
local short form: Sak'art'velo
former: Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
etymology: the Western name may derive from the Persian designation "gurgan" meaning "Land of the Wolves"; the native name "Sak'art'velo" means "Land of the Kartvelians" and refers to the core central Georgian region of Kartli
semi-presidential republic
name: Tbilisi
geographic coordinates: 41 41 N, 44 50 E
time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
9 regions (mkharebi, singular - mkhare), 1 city (kalaki), and 2 autonomous republics (avtomnoy respubliki, singular - avtom respublika)
regions: Guria, Imereti, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Mtskheta Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Samegrelo and Zemo Svaneti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Shida Kartli; note - the breakaway region of South Ossetia consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region and Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti
city: Tbilisi
autonomous republics: Abkhazia or Ap'khazet'is Avtonomiuri Respublika (Sokhumi), Ajaria or Acharis Avtonomiuri Respublika (Bat'umi)
note 1: the administrative centers of the two autonomous republics are shown in parentheses
note 2: the United States recognizes the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia to be part of Georgia
9 April 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier date: A.D. 1008 (Georgia unified under King BAGRAT III)
Independence Day, 26 May (1918); note - 26 May 1918 was the date of independence from Soviet Russia, 9 April 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union
history: previous 1921, 1978 (based on 1977 Soviet Union constitution); latest approved 24 August 1995, effective 17 October 1995
amendments: proposed as a draft law supported by more than one-half of the Parliament membership or by petition of at least 200,000 voters; passage requires support by at least three-fourths of the Parliament membership in two successive sessions three months apart and the signature and promulgation by the president of Georgia; amended several times, last in 2017 (2017)
civil law system
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Georgia
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
18 years of age; universal
chief of state: President Giorgi MARGVELASHVILI (since 17 November 2013)
head of government: Prime Minister Giorgi KVIRIKASHVILI (since 30 December 2015); First Deputy Prime Minister Dimitry KUMSISHVILI
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 27 October 2013 (next to be held in October 2018); prime minister nominated by Parliament, appointed by the president
election results: Giorgi MARGVELASHVILI elected president in first round; percent of vote - Giorgi MARGVELASHVILI (independent), 62.1%, Davit BAKRADZE (UNM) 21.7%, Nino BURJANADZE 10.2%, other 6%
description: unicameral Parliament or Sakartvelos Parlamenti (150 seats; 77 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote and 73 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)
elections: last held on 8 October and 30 October 2016 (next to be held in 2020)
election results: percent of vote by party - Georgian Dream 48.7%, UNM 27.1%, Alliance of Patriots 5%, other 19.2%; seats by party - Georgian Dream 115, UNM 27, Alliance of Patriots 6, IWSG 1, independent 1; note - European Georgia split from UNM in January 2017 taking 20 of 27 parliamentary members
highest court(s): Supreme Court (organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges); note - the Abkhazian and Ajarian Autonomous republics each have a supreme court and a hierarchy of lower courts
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Parliament; judges serve not less than 10-year terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president following candidate selection by the Justice Council of Georgia, a 12-member consultative body of high-level judges and presidential and parliamentary appointees; judges appointed for 10-year terms
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; regional (town) and district courts
Alliance of Patriots [Irma INASHVILI]
European Georgia [Davit BAKRADZE] (split from UNM)
Georgian Dream-Democratic Georgia [Giorgi KVIRIKASHVILI]
Industry Will Save Georgia (Industrialists) or IWSG [Giorgi TOPADZE]
National Forum [Kakhaber SHARTAVA]
Free Democrats or FD [Shalva SHAVGULIDZE]
Republican Party [Khatuna SAMNIDZE]
State for the People Party [formerly Paata BURCHULADZE ]
United Democratic Movement [Nino BURJANADZE]
United National Movement or UNM [Nika MELIA]
other: separatists in the Russian-occupied regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia
ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CPLP (associate), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-11, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
chief of mission: Ambassador David BAKRADZE (since 18 January 2017)
chancery: 1824 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 387-2390
FAX: [1] (202) 387-0864
consulate(s) general: New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Ian C. KELLY (since 17 September 2015)
embassy: 11 George Balanchine Street, T'bilisi 0131
mailing address: 7060 T'bilisi Place, Washington, DC 20521-7060
telephone: [995] (32) 227-70-00
FAX: [995] (32) 253-23-10
white rectangle with a central red cross extending to all four sides of the flag; each of the four quadrants displays a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross; sometimes referred to as the Five-Cross Flag; although adopted as the official Georgian flag in 2004, the five-cross design appears to date back to the 14th century
Saint George, lion; national colors: red, white
name: "Tavisupleba" (Liberty)
lyrics/music: Davit MAGRADSE/Zakaria PALIASHVILI (adapted by Joseb KETSCHAKMADSE)
note: adopted 2004; after the Rose Revolution, a new anthem with music based on the operas "Abesalom da Eteri" and "Daisi" was adopted
Economy :: GEORGIA
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Georgia's main economic activities include cultivation of agricultural products such as grapes, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts; mining of manganese, copper, and gold; and producing alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, metals, machinery, and chemicals in small-scale industries. The country imports nearly all of its needed supplies of natural gas and oil products. It has sizeable hydropower capacity that now provides most of its energy needs.
Georgia has overcome the chronic energy shortages and gas supply interruptions of the past by renovating hydropower plants and by increasingly relying on natural gas imports from Azerbaijan instead of from Russia. Construction of the Baku-T'bilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the South Caucasus gas pipeline, and the Kars-Akhalkalaki railroad are part of a strategy to capitalize on Georgia's strategic location between Europe and Asia and develop its role as a transit hub for gas, oil, and other goods.
Georgia's economy sustained GDP growth of more than 10% in 2006-07, based on strong inflows of foreign investment and robust government spending. However, GDP growth slowed following the August 2008 conflict with Russia, and sunk to negative 4% in 2009 as foreign direct investment and workers' remittances declined in the wake of the global financial crisis. The economy rebounded in the period 2010-16, but FDI inflows, the engine of Georgian economic growth prior to the 2008 conflict, have not recovered fully. Unemployment has also remained high.
The country is pinning its hopes for renewed growth on a continued effort to liberalize the economy by reducing regulation, taxes, and corruption in order to attract foreign investment, with a focus on hydropower, agriculture, tourism, and textiles production. Georgia has historically suffered from a chronic failure to collect tax revenues; however, since 2004 the government has simplified the tax code, increased tax enforcement, and cracked down on petty corruption, leading to higher revenues. Georgia plans to improve the domestic investment environment through a four-year economic plan targeting the tax system, educational standards, infrastructure, and governance. The government has received high marks from the World Bank for improvements in business transparency. Since 2012, the Georgian Dream-led government has continued the previous administration's low-regulation, low-tax, free market policies, while modestly increasing social spending, strengthening anti-trust policy, and amending the labor code to comply with International Labor Standards. In mid-2014, Georgia signed an association agreement with the EU, paving the way to free trade and visa-free travel. Georgia is also seeking to expand trade with China, concluding substantive negotiations on a trade agreement in October 2016.
$37.17 billion (2016 est.)
$35.72 billion (2015 est.)
$34.35 billion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
country comparison to the world: 119
$14.33 billion (2016 est.)
2.7% (2016 est.)
2.9% (2015 est.)
4.6% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
$10,000 (2016 est.)
$9,700 (2015 est.)
$9,400 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
country comparison to the world: 137
19.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
20.1% of GDP (2015 est.)
19.1% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
household consumption: 64.8%
government consumption: 18.4%
investment in fixed capital: 30.4%
investment in inventories: 2%
exports of goods and services: 43.5%
imports of goods and services: -59.1% (2016 est.)
agriculture: 9.3%
industry: 22.8%
services: 67.2% (2016 est.)
citrus, grapes, tea, hazelnuts, vegetables; livestock
steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, gold), chemicals, wood products, wine
5.9% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37
1.998 million (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
agriculture: 55.6%
industry: 8.9%
services: 35.5% (2006 est.)
11.8% (2016 est.)
12% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 148
9.2% (2010 est.)
lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 31.3% (2008)
40.1 (2014)
46 (2011)
country comparison to the world: 62
revenues: $4.088 billion
expenditures: $4.648 billion (2016 est.)
28.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
-3.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
44.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
41.3% of GDP (2015 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities; Georgia does not maintain intra-governmental debt or social funds
country comparison to the world: 117
calendar year
2.1% (2016 est.)
4% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
6.5% (7 Setpember 2016)
7% (23 September 2015)
note: this is the Refinancing Rate, the key monetary policy rate of the National Bank of Georgia
country comparison to the world: 57
12.62% (31 December 2016 est.)
12.49% (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
$2.389 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$2.063 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
$2.454 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$2.402 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 146
$7.753 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$7 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 113
$1.155 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$943.4 million (31 December 2012 est.)
$795.7 million (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 105
$-1.91 billion (2016 est.)
$-1.775 billion (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 150
$2.831 billion (2016 est.)
$3.021 billion (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
vehicles, ferro-alloys, fertilizers, nuts, scrap metal, gold, copper ores
Russia 9.8%, Turkey 8.2%, China 8.1%, Bulgaria 7.3%, Azerbaijan 7.3%, Armenia 7.2%, Germany 4.1% (2016)
$6.64 billion (2016 est.)
$7.394 billion (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
fuels, vehicles, machinery and parts, grain and other foods, pharmaceuticals
Canada 18.6%, Turkey 14%, Russia 7%, Ireland 6.5%, China 5.7%, Azerbaijan 5.1%, Germany 4.4%, Ukraine 4.3% (2016)
$2.756 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$2.521 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
$14.08 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$14.85 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
$14.66 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$12.95 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
$2.185 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$1.939 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
laris (GEL) per US dollar -
2.3668 (2016 est.)
2.3668 (2015 est.)
2.2694 (2014 est.)
1.7657 (2013 est.)
1.65 (2012 est.)
Energy :: GEORGIA
-
electrification - total population: 100% (2016)
11.57 billion kWh (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
12.44 billion kWh (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
560 million kWh (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
478.9 million kWh (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
4.28 million kW (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 84
36.2% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 173
0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
63.8% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 182
400 bbl/day (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
1,002 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 73
200 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
35 million bbl (1 January 2017 es)
country comparison to the world: 83
0 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 148
23,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 134
283.1 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
23,910 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 111
10 million cu m (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95
1.27 billion cu m (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
0 cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
1.26 billion cu m (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
8.495 billion cu m (1 January 2017 es)
country comparison to the world: 86
7 million Mt (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
Communications :: GEORGIA
-
total subscriptions: 831,346
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 73
total: 5,532,701
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 112 (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
general assessment: fixed-line telecommunications network has limited coverage outside Tbilisi; multiple mobile-cellular providers provide services to an increasing subscribership throughout the country
domestic: cellular telephone networks cover the entire country; mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 110 per 100 persons; intercity facilities include a fiber-optic line between T'bilisi and K'ut'aisi
international: country code - 995; the Georgia-Russia fiber-optic submarine cable provides connectivity to Russia; international service is available by microwave, landline, and satellite through the Moscow switch; international electronic mail and telex service are available (2015)
Tbilisi-based Georgian Public Broadcaster (GPB) includes Channel 1, Channel 2, as well as the Batumi-based Adjara TV (also a part of GPB); all three are funded from the state budget; there are a number of independent commercial TV stations, including but not limited to Rustavi 2, Imedi, Maestro, Kavkasia, GDS, and TV1; the Georgian Orthodox Church also operates a satellite-based TV station called Unanimity; 26 regional TV broadcasters across Georgia are members of the Georgian Association of Regional Broadcasters (GARB) that seeks to strengthen the regional media's capacities and to distribute regional products; a nationwide digital switchover occurred in 2015; there are several dozen private radio stations; GPB operates 2 radio stations (2016)
.ge
total: 2,464,107
percent of population: 50.0% (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
Transportation :: GEORGIA
-
number of registered air carriers: 5
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 13
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 232,263
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 185,040 mt-km (2015)
4L (2016)
22 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 135
total: 18
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 2 (2017)
total: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 2
under 914 m: 1 (2013)
2 (2013)
gas 1,596 km; oil 1,175 km (2013)
total: 1,363 km
broad gauge: 1,326 km 1.520-m gauge (1,251 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 37 km 0.912-m gauge (37 km electrified) (2014)
country comparison to the world: 82
total: 19,109 km
paved: 19,109 km (includes 69 km of expressways) (2010)
country comparison to the world: 113
total: 84
by type: bulk carrier 1, general cargo 24, oil tanker 2, other 57 (2017)
country comparison to the world: 90
major seaport(s): Black Sea - Bat'umi, P'ot'i
Military and Security :: GEORGIA
-
2.23% of GDP (2016)
2.34% of GDP (2015)
2.26% of GDP (2014)
2.53% of GDP (2013)
3.1% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 27
Georgian Armed Forces: Land Forces (include Air and Air Defense Forces); separatist Abkhazia Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Air Forces; separatist South Ossetia Armed Forces
note: Georgian naval forces have been incorporated into the Coast Guard, which is part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs rather than the Ministry of Defense (2015)
18 to 27 years of age for compulsory and voluntary active duty military service; conscript service obligation is 12 months (2017)
Transnational Issues :: GEORGIA
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Russia's military support and subsequent recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence in 2008 continue to sour relations with Georgia
IDPs: 208,000 (displaced in the 1990s as a result of armed conflict in the breakaway republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia; displaced in 2008 by fighting between Georgia and Russia over South Ossetia) (2016)
stateless persons: 250 (2016)
limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for domestic consumption; used as transshipment point for opiates via Central Asia to Western Europe and Russia
