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The State Urban Development Corporation proposed yesterday that a $58 million stadium-and-arena complex for amateur sports, minor league baseball and cultural events be built in an economically depressed section of Coney Island.

Evoking memories of the Brooklyn Dodgers and Coney Island's heyday as a center of entertainment, the chairman of the U.D.C., Vincent Tese, and Brooklyn political and business leaders said the complex would enhance redevelopment in the borough.

Civic and political leaders have long discussed building a sports complex as part of an effort to bring baseball back to Brooklyn, but the U.D.C.'s proposal is the first formal plan.

Construction of a 17,000-seat stadium, as the plan calls for, would depend on whether the Mets and the Yankees agree to allow a minor league team into the area. Under an agreement among professional baseball teams, the Mets and the Yankees can veto any bid for another major or minor league team within 10 miles of New York City.

Jay Horowitz, a spokesman for the Mets, said the team would not comment because ''it's still a hypothetical situation.''

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Likewise, Harvey Greene, a spokesman for the Yankees, said: ''We haven't seen the study. Until we have a better idea of what they are proposing, it would be inappropriate for us to comment.''

Two Triple-A minor leagues, the American Association and the International League, have already expressed an interest in granting a franchise to Brooklyn once a suitable stadium is built. Triple A is the highest level of the minor leagues.

A delegation that includes State Senator Thomas J. Bartosiewicz, Democrat of Brooklyn, plans to meet today in Hollywood, Fla., with representatives of the Mets to discuss the issue.

If a minor league team could not be brought in, construction of a 15,000-seat arena and an outoor playing field would still be possible as a second option, Mr. Tese said.

The next step for the proposal is submission of the study to the Mayor and City Council for review.

Of the total $58 million needed for construction, the study suggests that $31 million come from a 40-year deferred loan from the state and city, with the rest coming from revenue bonds and attendance receipts. 'Spirit Is Rekindled'

''We have a spirit in Brooklyn that was at its zenith during the days of the Brooklyn Dodgers,'' said Howard Golden, the Borough President. ''That spirit is now rekindled with the hope that, perhaps, we might be able to find a facility to play baseball once again.''

Mr. Golden said, however, that he would favor building a field for the area's colleges and high schools, even without a minor league baseball team.

''A lot of our colleges are playing in first-rate leagues and they are entitled to a first-rate facility,'' he said. ''I'd like to see a baseball team come back to Brooklyn, but the two issues should not be intertwined.''

The U.D.C. released a study by the Pratt Institute Center for Community and Environmental Development that recommended building the arena and stadium on a Coney Island site bounded by Surf Avenue, West 19th Street, West 22d Street and the Riegelmann Boardwalk.

That site is largely vacant and is owned entirely by the city.

A $55 million amusement park just to the west, on the site of Steeplechase Park, is being designed for Horace Bullard, the founder of Kansas Fried Chicken. Just a few blocks to the east of the proposed complex site is the New York Aquarium. College Consortium Sought

According to the study, presented during a news conference at the River Cafe on the Brooklyn waterfront, the arena is needed to support collegiate and community-based athletic programs.

Brooklyn College, a part of the City University system, has agreed to take the lead in organizing a consortium of eight colleges that would become the principal tenant of a new arena.

''Brooklyn's eight colleges currently have a combined enrollment of over 56,000 students and their programs would directly benefit from having an arena in which to schedule major events,'' said Mr. Golden.

He said the absence of a major sports arena has stifled the potential for many sports programs and cultural events. $31 Million Loan Seen If an agreement to bring a minor league team cannot be worked out, the study said, the site for a stadium would be left vacant until a team could be brought in.

The study, conducted in conjunction with The Eggers Group, a group of architects and planners, and Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Company, management consultants, said the project would generate revenue for collegiate sports teams in New York City as well as reinforce and expand tourism and the entertainment industry on Coney Island.

It said the complex would provide 570 full-time jobs and generate $13 million annually in auxiliary businesses, such as souvenir stands and food vendors. Targeted for Development

Once considered one of the world's major amusement and recreational areas, Coney Island's fortunes fell with the city's financial difficulties in the 1970's and has never recovered.

According to the study, construction of the sports complex would enhance private and public investment in moderate-income housing, new and existing amusement and recreation areas, and open the way for the development of water activities.

Adding to the desire for revitalizing the area was the nostalgia for bringing back a team to replace the Brooklyn Dodgers, which was moved to Los Angeles by Walter O'Malley in 1958.

That nostalgia was plainly evident at yesterday's news conference.

''Brooklyn hasn't been the same since the Dodgers left,'' said Senator Bartosiewicz, who once considered filing a lawsuit to bring the Dodgers back. ''At that time, it was like a city of two million people losing its soul.''

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