Goodyera macrophylla

Scope: Global & Europe

Language: English

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Taxonomy

Assessment Information

Geographic Range

Population

Habitat and Ecology

Use and Trade

Threats

Conservation Actions

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Taxonomy [top]

Kingdom	Phylum	Class	Order	Family
Plantae	Tracheophyta	Liliopsida	Asparagales	Orchidaceae

Scientific Name:	Goodyera macrophylla Lowe
Synonym(s):	Epipactis macrophylla (Lowe) A. A. Eaton Orchiodes macrophyllum (Lowe) Kuntze Peramium macrophyllum (Lowe) Soó

Assessment Information [top]

Red List Category & Criteria:	Critically Endangered D ver 3.1
Year Published:	2011
Date Assessed:	2011-04-01
Assessor(s):	Rankou, H.
Reviewer(s):	Fernandes, F., Carvalho, J.A., Fay, M. & Bilz, M.
Justification: Goodyera macrophylla is endemic to Madeira, is very local and extremely rare with a small distribution area in seven subpopulations in the central and northern parts of Madeira. The population size is estimated to have less than 50 mature individuals, the extent of occurrence is 188 km² and the area of occupancy is 36 km². The range of the species is very narrow and threatened by trampling, collapse of terrain, landslides, and invasive species. Due to the low number of mature individuals, Goodyera macrophylla is assessed as Critically Endangered.

Geographic Range [top]

Range Description:

Goodyera macrophylla is endemic to Madeira, Portugal. The species is known from a few ravines in central and northern parts of the islands. Its extent of occurrence is 188 km² and the area of occupancy is 36 km². The species can be found between 300 and 1,400 m altitude (Commission of the European Communities 2009, Delforge 1995, Press and Short 1994).

Countries occurrence:

Native:

Portugal (Madeira)

Additional data:

♦ Estimated area of occupancy (AOO) - km2:	36
♦ Number of Locations:	7
♦ Lower elevation limit (metres):	300
♦ Upper elevation limit (metres):	1400

Range Map:

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Population [top]

Population:

Goodyera macrophylla is very local and extremely rare. The total number of subpopulations is seven, the number of individuals per subpopulation ranges from 2 to 1500 individuals and there are also reports of some isolated individuals. Subpopulations show extreme fluctuations in the total number of individuals (F. Fernandes unpublished data). The subpopulations show a very low number of flowering plants and the total population size estimated to number fewer than 50 mature individuals.

The trend of the population is stable and a few plants are preserved in Ribeiro Frio Botanic Gardens (Commission of the European Communities 2009, Delforge 1995, Press and Short 1994).

Current Population Trend:

Stable

Additional data:

♦ Number of mature individuals:	10-50
♦ Extreme fluctuations:	Yes	♦ Population severely fragmented:	No

Habitat and Ecology [top]

Habitat and Ecology:	Goodyera macrophylla requires a specific habitat: cliffs and ravines but also flat areas in evergreen forest in the trade-wind cloud forest zone. This orchid grows in the Habitats Directive listed habitat 9360 "Macaronesian laurel forests (Laurus, Ocotea)" (Commission of the European Communities 2009). Goodyera macrophylla prefers damp to wet acidic substrates and grows mostly in mid-shade. The flowering in this species is very sporadic, extremely rare and apparently may not take place for 10 to 15 years. However, when it does occur it is from August to October (Delforge 1995, Press and Short 1994).
Systems:	Terrestrial

Habitat and Ecology:

Goodyera macrophylla requires a specific habitat: cliffs and ravines but also flat areas in evergreen forest in the trade-wind cloud forest zone. This orchid grows in the Habitats Directive listed habitat 9360 "Macaronesian laurel forests (Laurus, Ocotea)" (Commission of the European Communities 2009). Goodyera macrophylla prefers damp to wet acidic substrates and grows mostly in mid-shade. The flowering in this species is very sporadic, extremely rare and apparently may not take place for 10 to 15 years. However, when it does occur it is from August to October (Delforge 1995, Press and Short 1994).

Systems:

Terrestrial

Use and Trade [top]

Use and Trade:	There are no known uses.

Use and Trade:

There are no known uses.

Threats [top]

Major Threat(s):	The main threats to this species are trampling, collapse of terrain, landslides and invasion by a species. It could also be affected by tourism and plant collection. (Commission of the European Communities 2009, Delforge 1995, Press and Short 1994).

Major Threat(s):

The main threats to this species are trampling, collapse of terrain, landslides and invasion by a species. It could also be affected by tourism and plant collection. (Commission of the European Communities 2009, Delforge 1995, Press and Short 1994).

Conservation Actions [top]

Conservation Actions:	Goodyera macrophylla is listed on Annex II of the Habitats Directive and under Appendix I of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention). All orchids are included under Annex B of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). This species habitat is protected by regional and EU legislation (Habitats Directive) and its range is completely included in the Natural Park of Madeira. Conservation measures that protect this species habitat from collapsing and landslides are in place. The species is legally protected from collection. The following actions are recommended to protect Goodyera macrophylla; Fencing the vulnerable sites to protect the species from trampling. Control of invasive species. Raise public awareness. Ex situ conservation: Artificial propagation, re-introduction, seed collections. Monitoring and surveillance of the existing populations and sites. Estimate the population size and study their dynamics (Delforge 1995, Press and Short 1994).

Conservation Actions:

Goodyera macrophylla is listed on Annex II of the Habitats Directive and under Appendix I of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention). All orchids are included under Annex B of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). This species habitat is protected by regional and EU legislation (Habitats Directive) and its range is completely included in the Natural Park of Madeira. Conservation measures that protect this species habitat from collapsing and landslides are in place. The species is legally protected from collection.

The following actions are recommended to protect Goodyera macrophylla;

Fencing the vulnerable sites to protect the species from trampling.
Control of invasive species.
Raise public awareness.
Ex situ conservation: Artificial propagation, re-introduction, seed collections.
Monitoring and surveillance of the existing populations and sites.
Estimate the population size and study their dynamics (Delforge 1995, Press and Short 1994).

Citation:	Rankou, H. 2011. Goodyera macrophylla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T162070A5527443. . Downloaded on 18 September 2018.
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