Pakistan
King/Queen¹ Prime ministers
Territorial Disputes: Various talks and confidence-building measures cautiously have begun to defuse tensions over Kashmir, particularly since the Oct 2005 earthquake in the region; Kashmir nevertheless remains the site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; India and Pakistan have maintained their 2004 cease-fire in Kashmir and initiated discussions on defusing the armed standoff in the Siachen glacier region; Pakistan protests India's fencing the highly militarized Line of Control and construction of the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the larger dispute on water sharing of the Indus River and its tributaries; to defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary, India and Pakistan seek technical resolution of the disputed boundary in Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch in the Arabian Sea; Pakistani maps continue to show the Junagadh claim in India's Gujarat State; since 2002, with UN assistance, Pakistan has repatriated 3.8 million Afghan refugees, leaving about 2.6 million; Pakistan has sent troops across and built fences along some remote tribal areas of its treaty-defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan, which serve as bases for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities; Afghan, Coalition, and Pakistan military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on the ground and on maps. Party abbreviations (political
parties banned 7 Oct 1958-8 Jun 1962, 26 Mar 1969-30 Mar
1970, 1 Mar 1978-2 Oct 1988): Ind = Independent;
NPP = National Peoples Party
(social-democratic, split from PPP, merged into PML-Q
2004-08, est.1986); PML-N =
Pakistani Muslim League-Nawaz (center-right,
conservative, PML Nawaz Sharif faction, split from PML,
est.1988); PML-Q =
Pakistan Muslim League Quaid-e-Azam (liberal
conservative, PML dissidents, nationalist,
pro-Musharraf to 2010, as Pakistan
Muslim League 2004-08, split from PML-N,
est.30 Jul 2002); PPP
= Pakistan Peoples Party (Islamic socialist,
populist, est.30 Nov 1967); PTI
= Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (Pakistan Movement for
Justice, centrist, nationalist,
populist, Imran Khan personalist, est.25 Apr
1996); Mil =
Military; Azad Kashmir
4 Oct 1947 Azad ("Free") Kashmir established; officially: State of Jammu and Kashmir, in rebellion against (princely) State of Jammu and Kashmir (see under India) and India. 29 Apr 1949 Karachi Agreement, acceded to (but not part of) Pakistan, formally transferred control over Gilgit Agency (see Gilgit-Baltistan) to Pakistan. 4 Oct 1947 - 24 Oct 1947 Anwar (provisional) (d. 1973) AJKMC (= Khwaja Ghulam Nabi Gilkar) 24 Oct 1947 - 12 May 1950 Sardar Mohammad Ibrahim Khan (b. 1915 - d. 2003) AJKMC (1st time)(provisional to 15 Mar 1949) 30 May 1950 - 2 Dec 1951 Syed Ali Ahmed Shah (b. 1901 - d. 1990) Mil 8 Jan 1951 - Dec 1951 Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas (b. 1904 - d. 1967) AJKMC ("Supreme Head of the State of Jammu and Kashmir") 2 Dec 1951 - 18 May 1952 Mir Waiz Maulana Mohammad Yousuf (b. 1893 - d. 1968) AJKMC Shah -Administrator (1st time)(acting) 18 May 1952 - 21 Jun 1952 Raja Mohammad Haydar Khan (d. ....) AJKMC 21 Jun 1952 - 30 May 1956 Shir Ahmad Khan (b. 1902 - d. 1972) Mil 30 May 1956 - 8 Sep 1956 Mir Waiz Maulana Mohammad Yousuf (s.a.) AJKMC Shah -Administrator (2nd time)(acting) 8 Sep 1956 - 13 Apr 1957 Sardar Mohammad Abdul Qayyum Khan (b. 1924 - d. 2015) AJKMC (1st time) 13 Apr 1957 - 30 Apr 1959 Sardar Mohammad Ibrahim Khan (s.a.) AJKMC (2nd time) 1 May 1959 - 7 Aug 1964 Khurshid Hasan Khurshid (b. 1924 - d. 1988) 1962: JKLL 7 Aug 1964 - 7 Oct 1969 Khan Abdul Hamid Khan Non-party 7 Oct 1969 - 30 Oct 1970 Abdul Rahman Khan (1st time) (d. ....) Mil (interim) 30 Oct 1970 - 16 Apr 1975 Sardar Mohammad Abdul Qayyum Khan (s.a.) AJKMC (2nd time) 16 Apr 1975 - 5 Jun 1975 Sheikh Manzar Masood (interim) (d. ....) Non-party 5 Jun 1975 - 31 Oct 1978 Sardar Mohammad Ibrahim Khan (s.a.) AKPP (3rd time) 31 Oct 1978 - 1 Feb 1983 Mohammad Hayat Khan (b. 19.. - d. 2010) Mil 1 Feb 1983 - 1 Oct 1985 Abdul Rahman Khan (2nd time) (s.a.) Mil 1 Oct 1985 - 20 Jul 1991 Sardar Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan (s.a.) AJKMC (3rd time) 20 Jul 1991 - 29 Jul 1991 Sahibzada Muhammad Ishaq Zafar (b. 1944 - d. 2006) AKPP (acting) 29 Jul 1991 - 12 Aug 1991 Abdur Rashid Abbasi (1st time) Non-party 12 Aug 1991 - 12 May 1996 Sardar Sikandar Hayat Khan (b. 1934) AJKMC 12 May 1996 - 12 Aug 1996 Abdur Rashid Abbasi (2nd time) Non-party 12 Aug 1996 - 25 Aug 1996 Raja Mumtaz Hussain Rathore (b. 1943 - d. 1999) AKPP (acting) 25 Aug 1996 - 25 Aug 2001 Sardar Mohammad Ibrahim Khan (s.a.) AKPP (4th time) 25 Aug 2001 - 25 Aug 2006 Sardar Mohammad Anwar Khan (b. 1945) AJKMC 25 Aug 2006 - 25 Aug 2011 Raja Zulqarnain Khan (b. 1936) AJKMC 25 Aug 2011 - 25 Aug 2016 Sardar Mohammad Yaqoob Khan (b. 1953) AKPP 25 Aug 2016 - Sardar Muhammad Masood Khan (b. 1951) PML-N 29 Jun 1975 - 11 Aug 1977 Khan Abdul Hamid Khan AKPP 11 Aug 1977 - 30 Oct 1978 Abdul Rahman Khan (acting) Mil 30 Oct 1978 - 17 Jun 1985 Martial law 17 Jun 1985 - 28 Jun 1990 Sardar Sikandar Hayat Khan (s.a.) AJKMC (1st time) 29 Jun 1990 - 5 Jul 1991 Raja Mumtaz Hussain Rathore (s.a.) AKPP 5 Jul 1991 - 29 Jul 1991 Sardar Mohammad Ashraf (acting) Non-party 29 Jul 1991 - 29 Jul 1996 Sardar Mohammad Abdul Qayyum Khan (s.a.) AJKMC 30 Jul 1996 - 25 Jul 2001 Sultan Mehmood Chaudhry AKPP 25 Jul 2001 - 23 Jul 2006 Sardar Sikandar Hayat Khan (s.a.) AJKMC (2nd time) 24 Jul 2006 - 6 Jan 2009 Sardar Attique Ahmed Khan (b. 1955) AJKMC (1st time) 7 Jan 2009 - 22 Oct 2009 Sardar Mohammad Yaqoob Khan (s.a.) Non-party 23 Oct 2009 - 29 Jul 2010 Raja Farooq Haider Khan (1st time) (b. 1955) AJKMC 29 Jul 2010 - 26 Jul 2011 Sardar Attique Ahmed Khan (s.a.) AJKMC (2nd time) 26 Jul 2011 - 31 Jul 2016 Chaudhry Abdul Majeed (b. 1946) AKPP 31 Jul 2016 - Raja Farooq Haider Khan (2nd time) (s.a.) Gwadar (Gwadur)
1784 Port of Gwadar and coastal areas of Makran granted to the fugitive Sultan ibn Ahmad, claimant ruler of Muscat, as an estate (jagir) by Nasir Khan, ruler of Kalat. 1792 Occupied by Muscat and Oman. 1804 - 1807 Occupied by Mir Dosten, Buledi chief of Sarbaz. 1805 - 1805 Briefly occupied by ruler of Ras al-Khaimah (Ra's al-Khaymah). 24 Sep 1872 Anglo-Persian boundary demarcated around Gwadar and Baluchistan. 8 Sep 1958 Gwadar enclave sold to Pakistan for 3 million Pounds (effective 8 Dec 1958). 1 Jul 1977 Made a district within Balochistan province. Muscat and Oman Governors (Wali-e-Muscat) 1784 - 1792 Sultan ibn Ahmad (b. 1745 - d. 1804) 1792 - 1804? Sayf ibn Ali 1807 - 1807 Occupied by Mir Dosten 1807 - 18.. .... 18.. - 1859 Sayid Sa`id 1859 - 1871 Nasir ibn Thuwayni al-Sa`id (d. 19..) Jun 1871 - Mar 1872 Abdul Aziz ibn Sa`id al-Sa`id (b. 1851 - d. 1907) c.1875 Sa`id ibn Khamis Aug 1875 - Dec 1875 Turki ibn Sa`id (b. 1832 - d. 1888) .... - 1902 Sayf ibn Sa`id (1st time) 1902 .... 1902 - 1903 Sayf ibn Sa`id (1st time) 1903 - 1907? Sayf ibn Ya`arab 19.. - 1915 Sayf ibn Badr al-Sa`id al-Ghasham (b. 1861 - d. c.1932) (1st time) 1915 - 1918 Salim ibn Faisal al-Sa`id (b. 1897 - d. 19..) 1918 - 1927 Sayf ibn Badr al-Sa`id al-Ghasham (s.a.) (2nd time) 1927 - 9 Aug 1931 `Ali ibn Hamud al-Sa`id (d. 1931) 19.. - 19.. Hamud ibn Hamad al-Sa`id 1941 - 1945 Hamad ibn Hilal al-Sa`id (d. 1947) 1945 - 1947 Badr ibn Saud al-Sa`id 1947 Hilal ibn Saud al-Sa`id 1947 - 8 Dec 1958 .... British Assistant Political Agents, Makran Coast, Gwadar (subordinated to the Political Agents [from 1891, Consuls] in Muscat and to the Chief Political Residents in the Gulf) 1863 Frederic John Goldsmid (b. 1818 - d. 1908) 1863 - 1871 Edward Charles Ross (b. 1836 - d. 1913) 1872 - 1873 Samuel Barrett Miles (b. 1838 - d. 1913) 1873 - 1879 Edward Mockler (b. 1849 - d. 1893) Indian Muslim Native Agents, Gwadar 1879 - 1928 .... 19.. - 29/30 Oct 1928 Raja Lal Khan (d. 1928) 25 Dec 1928 – Apr 1930 Mohammed Waris Ali 1930 - 14 Aug 1947 .... British Native Agents, Gwadar 15 Aug 1947 - Jan 1952 .... British Consular Agent (from 14 Aug 1952, Pro-Consul) at Gwadur Jan 1952 - 1958 Khan Bahadur Abdul Qaiyum Khan (b. 1898 - d. 19..) © Ben Cahoon |