2013 AAPA poster- Preliminary Research on Hereditary Features of Yinxu Population

PRELIMINARY RESEARCH ON HEREDITARY FEATURES OF YINXU POPULATION Zeng Wen1,4, Li Jiawei2, Yue Hongbin3, Zhou Hui2,4, Zhu Hong4 1 College of Humanities, Jilin University, 2College of Life Science, Jilin University, 3Institute of Archaeology CASS, 4Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University E-mail: zengwen85@gmail.com Introduction Because few genetic analysis results have been published on ancient Chinese populations, frequency distribution of mtDNA haplogroups can not be analyzed. AMOVA was used instead to evaluate maternal genetic differentiation between Yinxu and other ancient Chinese (Figure 2). The Yinxu was the capital during the last phase of the Shang dynasty (ca. 1250-1050 B.C.). Fst value between Yinxu and DDZ populations was the lowest (-0.00016), The Fst value between It is located to the northwest of modern Anyang city in Henan province, China. It is one Yinxu and ZKG populations was second to the lowest. The Yinxu and HB populations presented a of the oldest and largest archaeological sites in China, famous for the discovery of oldest lower and nonsignificant pairwise Fst value. However, the highly significant value was observed Chinese writings, the oracular bones. Historical and archaeological evidence suggests that between Yinxu and other historical period populations. the Shang dynasty is first recorded dynasty of China (Li, 1985). The dynasty is also known as the first monarchical slave state in Chinese history. Until today, no DNA research had The archaeological and anthropological evidence show that people had lived in the Central Plain since been done on the human remains of Yinxu. Neolithic period, aboriginal population grew fast and immigrants might have poured in as the settlements developed rapidly. It is possiblethat the society of Yinxu was composed of individuals Materials and Methods coming from various regions during Shang Dynasty. Therefore we analysis the craniometric data of 0 800 km the Yinxu and related ancient Chinese populations with Euclidean distance (Figure 2). The Yinxu and The 37 individuals sampled 0 - 500 m DDZ groups clustered together firstly, then they clustered with ZKG groups. The distance between Yinxu and JHL, JGZ and XDZ groups were significant. The result of this cluster analysis is similar to 500 - 1000m in this study were recovered Neolithic Period 1000 - 2000 m 2000 - 3000 m Bronze Age from Liujiazhuang cemetery 3000 - 5000 m > 5000 m Iron Age the distance reflected in pairwise Fst value, suggesting Figure 3 Dendriform representation of cluster analysis based on Dij values (Figure 1). Most burials at Russia there is a close genetic affinity between the Yinxu and 0 5 10 15 20 25 this cemetery are moderate DDZ population, without major geographic barriers, DDZ-I YX-B 2 10 in tomb size and number of population movement and cultural exchanges potentially HB 13 Helongjiang ZKG 8 grave goods, some of the could occurbetween the West Liao-River valley and Central YXSG 1 2 Mongonlia burials are relative poor. The Plain (Li H et al, 2011). Furthermore, considering the UXC JJL 9 11 topographical features of location of Anyang, it is possible Jilin characteristics of grave Xinjiang YBLK TJZ YBLK-M 6 5 goods showed their UXC DDZ that the Yinxu ancient residents contained the culture and JGZ 4 Liaoning absorbed the genetic components of various contemporary DDJ Inner Mongolia JHL 14 affiliation with Yinxu and the Gansu DDJ XDZ XDZ 7 populations who lived in north China. YXSG North tomb owners were probably ZKG Korea NHL 1 HLHG Hebei 3 citizens of the city. This Qinghai TJZ Shanxi r LJ Ningxia Fig 1 Haplogroup ivfrequenciesSouth e of Yinxu and modern population Figure 4 Frequency distribution of mtDNA haplogroups in modern Chinese populations assemblage constituted a Shaanxi R YX low Korea HB Yel Shandong representative sample to Jiangsu Austro-Asiatic populations study the genetic structure Henan Anhui Sichuan Hubei of Yinxu commoners. Figure 1 Geographic location of ancient groups Daic populations A C D Strict procedures and systematic controls were instituted to minimize the potential for Hmong-Mien populations G Northern East Asian-dominating M* exogenous DNA contamination. The DNA extraction combined a complete demineralization M8 haplogroups M9 process with the QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to Tibeto-Burman Z populations N9a the manufacturer’s protocol. The fragments (393bp) of the mtDNA hypervariable region I Y B (HVR I) were amplified, sequenced and analyzed on the ABI PRISM 310 automatic Altaic Populations F Southern East M7 Asian-dominating sequencer. According to the East Asian mtDNA classification tree (Kivisild et al., 2002), N* haplogroups Southern Han R the haplogroups were assigned using hypervariable region and coding region SNPs data. Chinese other Haplogroups M, F, D, C, G and B were examined using amplified product-length Northern Han Chinese polymorphisms (APLP) method. Haplogroups A, M10, N9a, and Z were identified by Yinxu poptualtion 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% sequencing. Sequence alignments were Abbr. Name of Site Age (BP) Archaeological Culture analyzed using Clustal X1.83. An analysis NHL Njiuheliang 牛河梁 5000 Hongshan 红山 DDZ Dadianzi 大甸子 4500-3500 Lower Xiajiadian 夏家店下层 The Yinxu population bore a high genetic resemblance in maternal lineages to the northern of the molecular variance was performed ZKG Zhukaigou 朱开沟 4200-3500 Zhukaigou 朱开沟 Han Chinese and other minority who lives in North China. The result of AMOVA between on the 393 bp HVS-I sequences (np LJ Lajia 喇家 4000-3800 Qijia 齐家 YXSG Yuxianshanguan 蔚县三关 3000 Lower Xiajiadian 夏家店下层 Yinxu and modern Chinese populations (Table 2) shows that Yinxu population is not spanning 16 017–16 409), using HB Hengbei 横北 3000-2800 - significantly different (Fst value: 0.0073, P> 0.05) from northern Han Chinese, but Areliquin 3.15. The information of ancient JGZ Jinggouzi 井沟子 2500-2000 Jinggouzi 井沟子 significantly different (Fst value> 0.03, P< 0.05) from southern populations. Compared with Chinese populations which were compared XDZ Xindianzi 新店子 2500 - TJZ Taojiazhai 陶家寨 1500 - Frequency distribution of mtDNA haplogroups in modern Chinese populations, the Yinxu with is presented in Table 1. DDJ Dongdajing 东大井 1500 - populations bore a high similarity to some northern Han and Tibeto-Burman populations. Table 1 Information of ancient Chinese populations On the basis of principal component analysis of mtDNA haplogroup frequencies (Figure 5), Results and Discussion the Yinxu population pooled into the cluster Figure 5 PCA of mtDNA haplogroups frequencies of Yinxu formed of the northern Han, Tibeto-Burman population and modern Chinese populations Out of 37 specimens examined, the fragments of HVR 1 of 30 samples were successfully sequenced. and Altaic populations. 1.0 They belonged to 30 haplotypes. Using coding region and HVR II SNPs data, combined with HVR I Table 2 AMOVA between Yinxu and modern Chinese populations sequences, all haplotypes were attributed to these (sub) haplogroups: A, B, C, D, F, G, M10, N9a, Grouping F st P 0.5 and Z, which all belong to the East Eurasian pool of mtDNA lineages. The dominant haplogroup in Yinxu/Northern Han 0.00730 0.07207±0.0264 the Yinxu population was D(43.33%) shared by 13 individuals who were associated with 13 different PC 2 Yinxu/Southern Han 0.03188 0.00000±0.0000 0.0 haplotypes. The northern East Asian-dominating haplogroups (A, C, D, G and Z) accounted for 80% Yinxu/Tibeto-Burman 0.01445 0.01802±0.0121 of Liujiazhuang population. Yinxu ancient people Yinxu/Hmong-Mien 0.05628 0.00000±0.0000 Northern Han Chinese -0.5 Figure 2 AMOVA between Yinxu and ancient Chinese populations Southern Han Chinese Yinxu/Daic 0.04184 0.00000±0.0000 Altaic populations 0.08 0.45 Tibeto-Burman populations Yinxu/Austro-Asiatic 0.05060 0.00000±0.0000 Austro-Asiatic populations Daic populations -1.0 0.07 0.40 Yinxu/Alatic 0.00904 0.09910±0.0000 Hmong-Mien populations -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.06 0.35 PC 1 0.05 0.30 Conclusion 0.04 0.25 Yinxu population had genetic communication with various contemporary populations and 0.03 0.20 significantly contributed to the formation of the matrilineal genetic heritage of the modern 0.02 0.15 northern Han Chinese population. However, we need research more thoroughly to draw a further conclusion. The Y-chromosome DNA research is still ongoing, and will provide more 0.01 0.10 genetic information of Yinxu residents soon. 0.00 0.05 -0.01 NHL LJ HB ZKG DDZ YXSG JGZ XDZ TJZ SD 0.00 References Acknowledgment Fst 0.07274 0.04689 0.01446 0.00654 -0.00016 0.04103 0.05898 0.04725 0.02596 0.04471 Kivisild, T., et al. (2002). Molecular Biology and Evolution 19, 1737–1751. This study was supported by the graduate school of Jilin Li, H., et al. (2011). Journal of Human Genetics 56, 815–822. P 0.00000 0.00901 0.06306 0.22523 0.39640 0.12613 0.00000 0.01802 0.03604 0.00000 Wen, B., et al. (2004). Nature 431, 302–305. University, National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation Fst P Zhao, et al. (2011). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 144, 258–268. (Grant number: 11&zd182)