Comet and Asteroid Impact Hazards on a Populated Earth: Computer ModelingComet and Asteroid Impact Hazards explores the anticipated consequences of comet and asteroid impact. It presents the first computer simulations of the hazards of comet and asteroid bombardment of a populated Earth. Previous estimates of fatality and damage rates on the 100 to 10,000 year time scale are shown to be too low because they neglect rare, highly lethal outriders of the populations of bombarding objects, those with exceptional strength, unusually low entry velocity, and near-horizontal entry angles. This is the first realistic assessment of both the mean casualty rate and the expected statistical fluctuations in that rate. A breakdown of fatality and damage rates by impactor energy and compositional class suggests lessons for both asteroid search strategies and interdiction techniques. This book is written so that anyone with college level experience in the physical sciences can understand it. It includes a disk that allows the reader to simulate impact catastrophes. It serves as a useful resource in various physical sciences courses such as astronomy, planetary science, and environmental science.
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airbursts altitude Appendix Assessment ast/iron ast/Och asteroid atmosphere average blast bodies Building calculations carbonaceous cause century chondrite classes close comet cometary compositional crater crushing damage death detection diameter distribution Earth effects efficiency energy entering entry estimate et al expected explosive factor fall fatal events fatality rate fire fireball flux fragments given global GOTO ground hazard height human impact impactor important irons Italy killed km/s larger largest less lethal events LOCATE long-period comets magnitude mass materials mean meteor meteorite missed near-Earth object observed occur ocean orbit period physical planet population population density predictions present PRINT PRINT#2 probable properties range rare reported Results RETURN runs scale simulation single statistics steps stones strength strike strong struck studies subroutine sulfur surface TABLE threat timescale tion tsunami Type typical velocity wave yield