Kudo, who played for Japan four times in 2013, joins the A-League club on a one-year-deal.
The striker is Kashiwa Reysol’s all-time leading goalscorer with 92 goals across 263 appearances for the club.
Kudo also won a J-League title in 2011 and an Emperor's Cup in 2012.
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“It has been a long-term ambition of mine to play in Australia. When the opportunity came to play for Brisbane Roar, I couldn't turn it down,” Masato said in a statement released by the club.
“I cannot wait to meet up with the squad and push for the title this season. I will give everything I have for the Club and our fans.”
Kudo has not played an official match since in 2020, with his last appearance coming for Renofa Yamaguchi in November 2019.
Masato’s addition is Coach Warren Moon’s second from the J1 League, following the signing of young Japanese talent Riku Danzaki last month.