A CATALOGUE OF MEDIEVAL ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS

Provisional Table of Contents
(Version of May, 2002)

© David A. King

Introduction
Part 1: Early Eastern astrolabes (to ca. 1500)
Part 2: Late Eastern astrolabes (sixteenth to nineteenth century)
Part 3: Eastern quadrants
Part 4: Eastern sundials
Part 5: Miscellaneous Eastern instruments
X. Some fake Eastern astrolabes
Part 6: Early European astrolabes (to ca. 1500)
Part 7: Selected late European astrolabes
Part 8: European quadrants
Part 9: Early European sundials
Part 10: Miscellaneous early European instruments (selected)
X: Some fake European instruments

Introduction

1 A survey of astronomical instrumentation in the medieval Islamic world
2 A survey of astronomical instrumentation in medieval Europe
W On the basic concepts of spherical astronomy
W On the mathematics of stereographic projection
W On medieval geographical notions

Part 1: Early Eastern astrolabes (to ca. 1500)

1. Byzantine astrolabes

1 An astrolabe dated 1062 (#2 - Brescia MEC)
W On the astrolabe as known from Greek texts
W On Greek alpha-numerical notation
W Some Byzantine treatises on the astrolabe
2 Miscellaneous bits and pieces

a) Markings on an Abbasid plate (#109 = #3549 - New York MMA)
b) A single plate (#4509 - PC)

2. The earliest Eastern Islamic astrolabes (ninth to eleventh century)

1 A late (Ottoman ?) astrolabe signed by A.hmad ibn Kamâl, copied from an early Abbasid astrolabe (#3702 - Baghdad AM)
W On Arabic alphanumerical notation
2 Two instruments by Nas.tûlus

a) An astrolabe dated 315 H (#3501 - Kuwait DAI)
b) An undated mater (#4023 - Cairo MFI)

W On the earliest Islamic treatises on the astrolabe
3 Two instruments by Khafîf

a) An undated astrolabe (#1026 - Oxford MHS)
b) A solitary rete (#2529 - Oxford MHS)

W Early Islamic astrolabists in the textual sources
4 An astrolabe by A.hmad ibn Khalaf (#99 - Paris BN)
W On early Islamic tables for astrolabe construction
5 An undated astrolabe by Mu.hammad ibn Shaddâd (al-Baladî) (#1179 - PLU, formerly Berlin PC)
W On the earliest Islamic star catalogues
6 An undated astrolabe by al-Mu.hsin ibn Mu.hammad al-.Tabîb (#4030 - Rockford TM)
W On the geography of early Islamic astrolabes
7 The so-called "Astrolabe of Pope Sylvester II" - an unsigned undated Abbasid astrolabe with later additions by a European (#101 - Florence MSS)
8 An unsigned mater and plates (#4022 - London SM)
W On the origin of the astrolabe according to the Arabic sources
9 Two instruments by .Hâmid ibn ‘Alî (al-Wâsi.tî)

a) A mater dated 343 H (#100 - Palermo MN - stolen ?)
b) An undated mater (#3713 - Cairo MFI)

10 An astrolabe by .Hâmid ibn Khi.dr al-Khujandî (#111 - Kuwait PC)
W On the development of shadow scales
11 An astrolabe by A.hmad and Mu.hammad, sons of Ibrâhîm al-I.sfahânî, dated 374 H (#3 - Oxford MHS)
12 An astrolabe by Mu.hammad ibn Abi l-Qâsim al-I.sfahânî al-.Sâli.hânî dated 496 H (#122 - Florence MSS)
W On the development of non-standard astrolabes in early Islamic astronomy
13 A solitary plate with ogival markings (#4021 - Copenhagen DS)
14 A badly-corroded Abbasid (?) astrolabe (#4020 - London AG)
15 Miscellaneous bits and pieces

a) A solitary rete (#2529 - Oxford MHS)
b) A solitary plate (#109 = #3549 - New York MMA)
c) The rete and plate of an unsigned astrolabe (#4022 - London SM)
d) The rete on the Cairo astrolabe of .Hâmid ibn ‘Alî (#3713 - Cairo MIA)
e) A single plate (#1026 - Oxford MHS)
f) Miscellaneous

3. The earliest Western Islamic astrolabes (tenth and eleventh centuries)

1 An astrolabe by Khalaf ibn al-Mu‘âdh illustrated in a Latin manuscript (#4024 - reference in Paris BN)
2 An unsigned, undated astrolabe (#110 - London BM)
W On the Muslim calendar and calendrical scales on the backs of astrolabes
3 Some instruments by Mu.hammad ibn al-.Saffâr

a) A mater and plates dated 417 H (#3650 - Edinburgh RSM)
b) An astrolabe dated 420 H (#116 - Marburg WDB)
c) A solitary plate (#4025 - Palermo **)

4 Two instruments by Ibrâhîm ibn ‘Abd al-Karîm

a) A mater dated 458 H (#3714 - Fez MA)
b) An undated astrolabe (#1079 - Palermo MN - stolen)

W On astrological uses of the astrolabe I
5 Three astrolabes by Ibrâhîm ibn Sa‘îd ibn A.sbagh al-An.sârî thumma al-Sahlî al-Mawâzînî

a) Dated 459 H (#117 - Madrid MAN)
b) Dated 460 H (#118 - Oxford MHS)
c) Dated 463 H (#123 = #1167 - Rome OA - stolen)

6 An astrolabe by Ibrâhîm ibn al-Sahlî dated 478 H (#121 - Kassel SS)
7 Two astrolabes by Mu.hammad ibn Sa‘îd al-.Sabbân

a) Dated 474 H (#2527 - Oxford MHS)
b) Dated 496 H or 466 H (#1139 - Munich BNM))

8 An astrolabe by Mu.hammad ibn al-Sahlî dated 483 H (#2572 - Washington NMAH)
W On the earliest Andalusi star catalogues
9 An astrolabe by A.hmad ibn Mu.hammad al-Naqqâsh dated 472 H (#1099 - Nuremberg GNM)
10 An unsigned Andalusi astrolabe dated 446 H with later inscriptions in Catalan (#3622 - Cracow JM)
W On the shakkâziyya and zarqâlliyya plates of al-Zarqâllu and the universal astrolabe of ‘Alî ibn Khalaf
11 Miscellaneous bits and pieces

a) Some eleventh-century Andalusi plates in a composite Ottoman astrolabe (#4040 - PC)
b) The rete on the Edinburgh astrolabe of Mu.hammad ibn al-.Saffâr (#3650 - Edinburgh RSM)
c) A single plate (#2572 - Washington NMAH)
d) An isolated plate (#4025 - Palermo **)
e) A single plate (#154 - Chicago AP)

4. Later Eastern Islamic astrolabes (Iraq and Iran, twelfth to sixteenth century)

1 An "astrolabic zîj" by Hibatallâh (#3633 - Berlin MIK)
2 An astrolabe by Badr (ibn ‘Abdallâh), mawlâ of Hibatallâh, dated 525 H (#2557 - Chicago AP)
3 An astrolabe by ‘Alî ibn Abî Ibrâhîm dated 526 H (#6 - Paris OP)
4 An astrolabe by .Hâmid ibn Ma.hmûd al-I.sfahânî dated 547 H (#4 - Point Lookout LC)
W On the accuracy of the star-pointers on early Islamic astrolabes
5 Four astrolabes by Mu.hammad ibn .Hâmid ibn Ma.hmûd al-I.sfahânî

a) Dated 556 H (#1177 - Istanbul TIEM)
b) Dated 558 H (#1211 - Tehran MIB)
c) Dated 571 H (#4199 - Kuwait DAI))
d) Undated (#**** - London AG)

6 An astrolabe by Mu.hammad ibn A.hmad (#3922 - Frankfurt IGN)
7 Two instruments by Mu.hammad ibn Abî Bakr al-Râshidî al-I.sfahânî

a) An astrolabe with gear mechanism dated 618 H (#5 - Oxford MHS)
b) A rete and plate (#4031 - London NG)

8 An astrolabe by Ma.hmûd ibn ‘Alî ibn Yûsha‘ al-...x-r-y dated 669 H ("Prof. Wilson's astrolabe") (#67 - PLU)
9 An unsigned mater and plates (#2537 - Oxford MHS)
W On the development of shadow scales on astronomical instruments
10 Three instruments by Ma.hmûd ibn Shawka al-Baghdâdî

a) A mater and plates dated 684 H (#4101 - Kandilli R)
b) Dated 694 H (#1040 - Greenwich NMM)
c) A mater dated 706 H (#3534 - see also #3533 for the rete - Paris IMA)

11 A mater by ‘Umar ibn Dawlatshâh al-Kirmânî dated 726 H (#4033 - Point Lookout LC)
12 Some instruments by Ja‘far ibn ‘Umar al-Kirmânî

a) An astrolabe dated 751 H (#3660 - Paris PC)
b) A mater dated 755 H (#1205 - Paris IMA)
c) An astrolabe dated 774 H (#15 - Washington NMAH)
d) An astrolabe dated 790 H (#16 - Calcutta IM)
e) A mater dated 790 H (#2605 - Chicago AP)
f) A fake astrolabe dated 757 H (#1033 - Greenwich NMM)
g) A dated ?? astrolabe in the same tradition attributed to Gharîb ?? (#3628 - Toronto ROM)

W On the length of longest daylight as a function of terrestrial latitude
13 Some instruments by Mu.hammad ibn Ja‘far al-Kirmânî known as Jalâl

a) An astrolabe (??) dated 796 H (#2710 - Rabat KO)
b) The rete on the first astrolabe of ‘Abd al-Karîm al-Mi.srî (#7 - Oxford MHS)
c) An astrolabe dated 830 H and dedicated to [Ulugh Beg] (#3595 - Copenhagen DS)
d) A single plate (#4151 - Istanbul TIEM)

14 Two instruments by Ma.hmûd ibn Jalâl al-Kirmânî

a) An astrolabe dated 838 H (#4034 - Chicago PC)
b) A mater and plates dated 849 H (#1168 - Istanbul TIEM)

15 An astrolabe by Shukrallâh Mukhli.s Shirwânî dated 891 H and dedicated to the Ottoman Sultan Bâyazîd II (#12 - Cairo MFI)
16 An astrolabe by A.hmad ibn .Hasan al-.Husaynî dated 891 H (#4102 - Kandilli R)
17 Five instruments by Shams al-Dîn Mu.hammad .Saffâr

a) A mater and plates dated 878 H (#1063 - Brussels MRAH)
b) An astrolabe dated 882 H (#1186 - Cambridge WMHS)
c) A astrolabe (??) dated 882 H (#1136 - Cairo MFI)
d) An astrolabe dated 886 H (#108 - Oxford MHS)
e) An astrolabe dated 911 H (#2505 - Oxford MHS)

W A brief survey of Islamic observational instruments
18 Two astrolabes in the tradition of Shams al-Dîn .Saffâr

a) An astrolabe signed by Mu.hammad ibn Khi.dr al-A.s.turlâbî and dated "667 H" (#4035 - London AG - compare #3568 !!)
b) An unsigned astrolabe with qibla markings on the back (#30 - Oxford MHS)

19 Two astrolabes by Aw.had al-Aw.hadî

a) Dated 890 H (#112 - London BM)
b) Dated 902 H (#4156 - Haifa NMM)

5. Ayyubid, Mamluk and Rasulid astrolabes (Syria, Egypt and the Yemen, thirteenth to fourteenth century)

1 Two related .safî.ha s

a) An undated .safî.ha zarqâlliyya by ‘Alî al-Wadâ‘î (#4026 - Rockford TM)
b) An early copy (#4027 - London AG)

2 An astrolabe by ‘Abd al-Ra.hmân ibn Sinân al-Ba‘labakkî dated 619 H (#4050 - Istanbul DM)
3 Two astrolabes by al-Sarrâj of Damascus

a) Dated 626 H (#3765 - Rampur SL)
b) Dated 628 H (#1042 - Greenwich NMM)

4 Two instruments by ‘Abd al-Karîm al-Mi.srî

a) A mater and plates dated 625 H (#103 - Oxford MHS)
b) An astrolabe dated 638 H (#104 - London BM)

W On the development of zoomorphic ornamentation on Islamic astrolabes
5 An unsigned Ayyubid astrolabe from Egypt (#105 - London BM)
6 A .safî.ha shakkâziyya by Ibrâhîm al-Dimashqî dated 669 H (#106 - London BM)
W On Coptic numerals
7-8 Two instruments with inscriptions in both Arabic and Coptic
7 An astrolabe with Arabic and Coptic inscriptions by .Hasan ibn ‘Umar al-Naqqâsh dated 681 H (#4036 - Istanbul TIEM)
8 An instrument with Arabic and Coptic inscriptions by .Hasan ibn ‘Alî dated 681 H (#107 - Oxford MHS)
W On al-Marrâkushî's treatise on astronomical instruments
9 An unsigned Egyptian astrolabe with unusual features including a Maghribi-style rete and a shakkâziyya-type projection for [Cairo] (#134 - Delhi AM)
10 An astrolabe with a rete decorated with circus figures by al-Sahl al-Nîsâbûrî (#137 - Nuremberg GNM)
11 Two .safî.has by ‘Abdallâh ibn Yûsuf

a) A .safî.ha shakkâziyya dated 693 H (#4028 - Kuwait PC - stolen)
b) A .safî.ha zarliyya dated 695 H (#102 - London VA)

12 Some astrolabes by the Yemeni Sultan al-Ashraf

a) Dated 690 H (#109 = #3549 New York MMA)
b) Some other astrolabes mentioned by his teachers

W The remarks of al-Ashraf's teachers on the astrolabes made by him
13 An unsigned, undated Rasulid astrolabe (#4029 - Paris IMA)
W On Ibn al-Sarrâj's treatise on astronomical instruments
14 Two instruments by A.hmad ibn Abî Bakr ibn al-Sarrâj

a) A quintuply-universal astrolabe dated 729 H (#140 - Athens BM)
b) An unsigned mater from a standard astrolabe (#4037 - London NG)

W On the use of the universal astrolabe of Ibn al-Sarrâj
15 An astrolabic plate for multiple latitudes (#4038 - Marburg WDB)
16 An astrolabe plate by Mu.hammad ibn A.hmad al-Mizzî dated 734 H (#1204 - Cambridge WMHS)
17 Two "universal instruments" by ‘Alî ibn Ibrâhîm ibn al-Shâ.tir

a) Dated 733 H (#1131 - Cairo MFI)
b) Dated 733 H (#142 - Paris BN)

6. Later Andalusi and Maghribi astrolabes (thirteenth to sixteenth century)

1 Seven astrolabes by Abû Bakr ibn Yûsuf

a) A universal astrolabe in the tradition of ‘Alî ibn Khalaf dated 584 H (#4039 - reference in Cairo ENL)
b) An astrolabe dated 605 H (#124 - Strasbourg OA)
c) An astrolabe dated 610 H CHECK (#2709 - Rabat KO)
d) An astrolabe dated 613 H (#1090 - Toulouse MPD)
e) An astrolabe dated 615 H (#125 - PLU, formerly Baron de Larrey)
f) An astrolabe reworked by a European with maker's name and date obliterated (#1069 - Madrid IVDJ)
g) A rete and set of plates (#1057 - London SM)

2 Fourteen astrolabes and .safî.has by Muammad ibn Fattû.h al-Khamairî of Seville dated between 609 H and 634 H

a) A mater dated 609 H (#127 - PLU)
b) A .safî.ha dated 613 H (#1081 - Rome OA - stolen)
c) An astrolabe dated 614 H (#2701 - Fez DB)
d) A .safî.ha dated 615 H (#128 - Paris BN)
e) An astrolabe (??) dated 615 H (#1147 - PLU, formerly Cairo PC)
f) An astrolabe dated 618 H (#4053 - Istanbul BTTM)
g) An astrolabe dated 618 H (#129 - Oxford MHS)
h) A mater and plates dated 619 H with a replacement rete from the Arsenius workshop (#4054 - PC)
i) An astrolabe dated 620 H (#4052 - Istanbul TIEM)
j) A mater and plates dated 621 H (#4001 - Washington NMAH)
k) An astrolabe dated 621 H (#130 - Oxford MHS)
l) An astrolabe ??? dated 628 H (#1148 - Cairo MFI)
m) An astrolabe dated 634 H (#150 = #153 - Chicago AP)
n) An undated mater (#**** - PLU)

3 An astrolabe by Mu.hammad ibn Yûsuf ibn .Hâtim dated 638 H (#154 - Chicago AP)
W On signatures and other inscriptions on early Islamic astrolabes
4 A .safî.ha zarqâlliyya by Mu.hammad ibn Mu.hammad ibn Hudhayl dated 650 H (#1071 - Barcelona RACA)
5 An astrolabe by ‘Uthmân ibn ‘Abdallâh al-.Saffâr (#1077 - Florence MSS)
W On the universal plate of Ibn Bâ.so
6 Three astrolabes by A.hmad ibn .Husayn ibn Bâ.so and a related unsigned piece

a) Dated 694 H (#132 - Madrid RAH)
b) Dated 704 H (#144 - Point Lookout LC)
c) Dated 709 H (#1203 - PC)
d) An unsigned, undated astrolabe (#1100 - Vienna TM)

7 An astrolabe by al-.Husayn ibn ‘Alî (#1204 - Cambridge WMHS)
8 An astrolabe by Ibrâhîm ibn Mu.hammad ibn al-Raqqâm (#136 - Madrid RAH)
9 A mater and a universal myrtle astrolabe by ‘Alî ibn Ibrâhîm al-Jazzâr

a) A mater dated 724 H (#4041 - Geneva MHS)
b) A universal myrtle astrolabe dated 728 H (#3579 - Oxford MHS)

10 An astrolabe by A.hmad ibn Mu.hammad ibn Hârûn al-Hadamî (#1121 - Fez DB)
11 An astrolabe by A.hmad ibn ‘Alî al-Shafî dated 729 H (#1161 - Stockholm SSM)
12 The astrolabic clock of Fez (#4042)
13 An unsigned astrolabe in the tradition of Abû Bakr ibn Yûsuf dated 779 H (#**** - Rome OA - stolen)
14 Three unsigned instruments in the tradition of al-Khamâ’irî

a) An astrolabe for Seville (#3551 - Naples MC)
b) A rete and a plate (#3901 ?? - Venice MSN)
c) Dated 785 H (#4043 - Damascus AM)

15 Some unsigned, undated astrolabes in the tradition of al-Khamâ’irî

.safî.ha shakkâziyya

a) (#4044 - Rockford TM)
b) (#139 - Oxford MHS)
c) "Marcel's Egyptian astrolabe" (#1160 - PLU)
d) (#4045 - Bouillon MB)
e) A late thirteenth-century unsigned Andalusi / Maghribi astrolabe - "The Imola astrolabe" (#**** - Bologna)
f) "Dr. Knuthsen's astrolabe" (#3640 - PLU)
g) With a replacement throne and Eastern Islamic rete (#3643 - Washington NMAH)
h) An unsigned Maghribi astrolabe, ca. 1600 CHECK (#40476 - Geneva MAH)
i) (#3601 or #3602 CHECK SIZE - Haifa NMM)
j) (#4047 - Point Lookout LC)
k) (#4048 - Halle DMG)
l) John Selden's Maghribi astrolabe (#149 - Oxford MHS)
m) (#**** - PLU)
n) (#1067 - Madrid MA)
o) (#1066 - Madrid MN)
p) (#151 = #1080 - Genoa SLSP)
q) (#4*** - PC)
r) An astrolabe with eight plates serving latitudes from the Yemen to Provence (#4051 - Istanbul DM)

16 Three other undated, unsigned astrolabes not in the tradition of al-Khamâ’irî

a) With a shakkâziyya grid on the back (#**** - Florence MSS)
b) An astrolabe with a "counter-ecliptic" frame on the rete (#1068 - Madrid IVDJ)
c) "Dorn's Aleppo astrolabe" (#126 - PLU)

17 An astrolabe by Mu.hammad ibn Faraj of Granada dated 881 H (#3552 - Naples MC)
18 An astrolabe by A.hmad ibn ‘Umar al-Kabbî dated 933 H (#1188 - Cambridge WMHS)
19 An astrolabe by ‘Alî and Mu.hammad al-Azdî dated 950 H ("the Valdagno astrolabe") (#148 - Rome OA - stolen)
20 An astrolabe (??) / or two astrolabes (??) by ‘Alî ibn Mu.hammad ibn ‘Abdallâh ibn Faraj

a) Dated 910 or 1010 H (#2571 - Washington NMAH)
b) Dated 910 or 1010 H (#1178 - Karachi UC)

21 An astrolabe by Ya‘qûb ibn Mûsâ Tapiero supposedly dated 716 H but more probably 1016 H (#1122 - Morocco PC)
22 Miscellaneous bits and pieces

a) A single plate (#154 - Chicago AP)

Part 2: Late Eastern astrolabes
(sixteenth to nineteenth century)

1. Late Eastern Islamic astrolabes in the early tradition (sixteenth to nineteenth century)

1 A degenerate astrolabe signed by .Husayn ibn B-k-s (?) al-Ra.hâqî in 913 H and displaying some unusual features (#4131 - London Christie's 1991)
2 Two astrolabes bearing the signature of Yûsuf ibn .Hâjjî al-Jîlânî

a) An astrolabe dated 929 H (#1031 - Greenwich NMM)
b) A fake astrolabe dated 927 H (#1030 - Greenwich NMM)

3 A composite astrolabe with a European mater and a set of plates and rete from al-‘Irâq or Iran (#4130 - Palermo BC)
4 An anomalous astrolabe in the tradition of al-Khujandî by Wafâ’î-yi Munajjim and dated 1017 H (#2708 - Point Lookout LC)
5 A similar, degenerate astrolabe signed by .H-x-x (?) ibn al-‘-f-w (?) (#4132 - Washington SB)
6 An astrolabe by Ri.dâ Khalîl Bannâ’ dated 1067 H (#2567 - Washington NMAH)
7 An unsigned astrolabe dated 1202 H (#57 - Washington NMAH)
8 Miscellaneous bits and pieces

2. Late Egyptian and Syrian astrolabes (seventeenth to nineteenth century)

1 An astrolabe by ‘Alî Beg dedicated to al-Qâ.dî Walî al-Ma.hmûdî al-Ruhâwî and dated 1040 or 1104 H (#4125 - Istanbul MD)
W On astronomical instrumentation in Ottoman Egypt
2 A late, unsigned Egyptian astrolabe (#**** - Antwerp NSM)
3 An unusual astrolabic plate for [Damietta] (#4133 - Greenwich NMM)
4 An astrolabe of the Fusoris"-type reworked by a Syrian or Egyptian in the ninteenth century (#460 - Antwerp NSM)

3. Some Ottoman Turkish astrolabes (sixth to nineteenth century)

1 Two astrolabes by ‘Alî ibn ‘Iwa.d al-Ma.hmûdî

a) Dated 1006 H (#3705 - Kandilli R)
b) Dated 1020 H (#70 - Washington NMAH)

2 Two unsigned, dated instruments

a) A mater and plate dated 1062 H (#4206 - Paris IMA)
b) An astrolabe dated 1089 H (#28 - Oxford MHS)

3 An astrolabe by ‘Alî al-Za‘tarî dated 1082 H (#3712 - Kandilli R)
4 A replacement rete and two plates for an astrolabe by Adrian Descrolières (#4104 - Kandilli R)
5 Two astrolabes and some replacement parts by Ibrâhîm ibn Mu.hammad al-Balawî

a) An astrolabe dated 1097 H (#3539 = #3805 - Paris IMA)
b) A replacement rete and plate dated 1098 H for an astrolabe by Ma.hmûd ibn Shawka al-Baghdâdî (#4101 - Kandilli R)
c) An astrolabe dated 1099 H (#4108 - Kandilli R)

W Features of Ottoman astrolabes
6 A replacement rete and plates by A.hmad Ayyûbî dated 1097 H made for an astrolabe of Ma.hmûd ibn Shawka al-Baghdâdî (#3533 = #3534 - Paris IMA)
7 Three or four (?) astrolabes by Mu.s.tafâ Ayyûbî

a) Dated 1110 H (#1218 - Paris PC = b ???)
b) Dated 1110 H (#4*** - PLU = a ???)
c) Dated 1114 H (#1059 - London SM)
d) Dated 1115 H (#3541 - Paris IMA)

8 An astrolabe by Ibrâhîm al-Muftî dated 1120 H (#1064 - Liège MVW)
9 An astrolabe by ‘Abdî dated 1125 H (#1222 - Oxford MHS)
10 Two instruments by the same maker

a) A mater and rete and some plates to accommodate a set of eleventh-century Andalusi plates (#4040 - PC)
b) (#4112 - Kandilli R)

11 Some late, undated, signed astrolabes

a) Muqîm Zâde (#4110 - Kandilli R)
b) "Yûsuf" (#4151 - Istanbul TIEM)

12 Some late, unsigned, undated astrolabes

a) (#4152 - Haifa NMM)
b) (#4114 - Kandilli R)
c) (#4113 - Kandilli R)
d) (#4111 - Kandilli R)

13 Two unsigned and undated astrolabes made out of wood and cardboard

a) An astrolabe (#4153 - London AG)
b) A rete and set of plates (#4154 - London AG)

14 Miscellaneous bits and pieces

a) An unsigned, undated mater (#4115 - Kandilli R)
b) A rete (#2537 - Oxford MHS)
c) The rete on the astrolabe of al-.Husayn ibn ‘Alî (#1204 - Cambridge WMHS)
d) Two plates on an astrolabe by Ibn Bâ.so (#144 - Point Lookout LC)
e) Three plates on a Western Islamic astrolabe (#139 - Oxford MHS)
f) Two replacement plates on an astrolabe by ‘Abd al-Ra.hmân ibn Sinân al-Ba‘labakkî (#4050 - Istanbul DM)
g) An additional plate on an unsigned Maghribi astrolabe (#4051 - Istanbul DM)

* Additional Ottoman material not tracked down yet

4. Late Maghribi astrolabes (seventeenth to nineteenth century)

1 Three astrolabes by al-.Hasan ibn A.hmad al-Ba.t.tû.tî

a) Dated 1097 H (#2707 - Point Lookout LC)
b) Dated 1103 H (#2568 - Washington NMAH)
c) Dated 1106 H (#3804 - Cairo MFI)

2 Some astrolabes by Mu.hammad ibn A.hmad al-Ba.t.tû.tî
*) Dated 1128 H (#3663 - Point Lookout LC)
*) Dated 1134 H (#1041 - Greenwich NMM)
*) Dated 1136 H (#1062 - PLU)
*) Dated 1146 H (#1023 - Oxford MHS)
*) Dated 1151 H (#1027 - Greenwich NMM)
*) Undated (#1024 - Oxford MHS)
W On the stars featured on late Western Islamic astrolabes
3 An anonymous Maghribi astrolabe with a transversal alidade (#4049 - London SM)
4 Two astrolabes by Sharaf Allâh

a) Undated and dedicated to the Sharîf Mu.hammad ibn ‘Abdallâh (#3544 - Paris IMA)
b) Unsigned and dated 1179 H (#1070 - Madrid IGE)

5 Some late, signed and dated Maghribi astrolabes

a) An astrolabe by ‘Abdallâh ibn Sâsî dated 1099 H (#145 - Oxford MHS)
b) An astrolabe by Mu.hammad ibn A.hmad ibn Ibrâhîm of Fez, dated 1104 H (#3709 - PLU)
c) An astrolabe by A.hmad ibn Mu.hammad ibn Ibrâhîm of Fez dated 1116 H (#1162 - PLU)
d) An astrolabe by A.hmad ibn Ibrâhîm al-Jazzâr (?) dated *** H (#3547 - Tunis MA??)
e) An astrolabe by Qâsim ibn ‘Abd al-Salâm al-Tamlî in 1192 H (#1180 - Tetuan **)
f) An astrolabe by Mu.hammad ibn ‘Alî al-Ghazâwî dated 1314 H (#1181 - PLU)

6 Three astrolabes by Mu.hammad ibn al-Mufa.d.dal ibn A.hmad ibn Kîrân

a) Dated 1126 H (#3918 - Rockford TM)
b) Dated 1264 H (#4134 - Chicago AP)
c) Unsigned and undated (#155 - Oxford MHS)

7 Some late, unsigned Maghribi astrobes

a) Cowson (#**** - PLU)
b) (#**** - Madrid MN)
c) (#**** - Madrid MAN)
d) Dorn II (#3671 - St. Petersburg MVLM)
e) (#143 - Oxford MHS)
f) (#133 - London BM)
g) (#**** - Rockford TM)
h) (#4135 - Paris ML)
i) (#4139 - PC)
j) An undated astrolabe with a European-type rete CHECK (#1034 - Greenwich NMM)
k) (#1048 - Greenwich NMM) REPEATED ??
l) A degenerate astrolabe bearing the date 1184 H (#1046 - Greenwich NMM)
m) (#4136 - Amsterdam SVM)
n) (#**** - Cambridge WMHS)
o) A composite astrolabe (#1058 - London SM)
p) (#1083 - Paris MM)
q) Brussels ?? (#**** - PLU)

W On the geography of late Western Islamic astrolabes
8 Two unsigned astrolabic plates with incomplete retes

a) (#**** - London IO ??)
b) (#4137 - PC)

9 Miscellaneous bits and pieces

a) Two plates (#**** - Bologna OA)
b) A single plate (#**** - Paris IMA)
d) Two plates (#**** - Haifa NMM)
e) A rete (#3539 = #3805 - Paris IMA)
f) An Ibn Bâ.so-type plate (#**** - PLU)
g) A single plate (#3663 - Point Lookout LC)
h) A mater with a .safî.ha shakkâziyya on the back made to accomodate a rete and set of plates by [Abû Bakr ibn Yûsuf] (#1057 - London SM)

W The astrolabe of the fictitious Ibrâhîm ibn al-Nu‘mân
* Additional material not studied yet

Sections 5-7 Selected Indo-Persian astrolabes (sixteenth to nineteenth centuries)

5. Some astrolabes of the Safavid schools (sixteenth to eighteenth century)

1 An astrolabe by Mu.hammad Amîn ibn Amîrzâ Khân al-Qummî for Shâh ‘Abbâs I (#1012 - Oxford MHS)
2 Some astrolabes by Mu.hammad Muqîm Yazdî

*) Dated 1057 H and dedicated to Shâh ‘Abbâs (#18)

3 Some astrolabes by Mu.hammad Zamân
4 Some astrolabes by Mu.hammad Mahdî ca. 1070/1660

*) Dated 1070 H (#20 - Cambridge WMHS)
*) Dated 1078 H (#25 - Washington NMAH)
*) Undated (#9 - London BM)
*) Undated (#8 - Oxford MHS)

W Stylistic features of the astrolabes of the Safavid schools
5 An astrolabe by ‘Abd al-Rashîd ibn Muizz al-Dîn ‘Alî al-Yazdî dated 1052 H (#4140 - Istanbul BTTM)
6 An astrolabe by .Hasan .Husnî al-.Husaynî al-Kirmânî dated 1088 H (#1166 - PC)
7 Two astrolabes by Qâsim ‘Alî Qâ‘inî

a) Dated 1093 (#1219 - Oxford MHS)
b) An undated mater and rete (#85 - Washington NMAH)

8 Some astrolabes by Mu.hammad .Tâhir

a) Dated 1088 H (#3596 - PLU < Sotheby's 22.1.73)
b) Undated (#1217 - Leningrad **)
c) Undated (#21 - Oxford MHS)

9 Some astrolabes by Mu.hammad Amîn ibn Mu.hammad .Tâhir

*) A mater and rete dated 1086 H (#1020 - Oxford MHS)
*) Undated (#31 - Washington NMAH)
*) Undated (#32 - Calcutta **)

10 Some astrolabes by Mu.hammad Khalîl ca. 1110/1700
*) Undated (#1088 - Paris IMA)
*) Dated 1095 H (#1140 - Munich DM)
11 Some astrolabes by ‘Abd al-‘Alî

a) Dated 1119 H (#10 - Oxford MHS)
*) Dated 1124 H and dedicated to Shâh .Husayn (#33 - London BM)

12 Some typical astrolabes by ‘Abd al-A‘imma
13 Lunar latitude scales on three instruments

a) A twelfth-century astrolabe reworked by Mu.hammad Khalîl(#**** - Frankfurt IGN)
b) An astrolabe by ‘Abd al-A‘imma dated 1124 H (#38 - Oxford MHS)
c) An undated astrolabe by ‘Abd al-A‘imma (#1087 - Oxford MHS)

W On the use of lunar latitude scales
14 Two astrolabes by Mu.hsin ibn Mu.hammad ‘Alî al-Sharîf al-Kirmânî

a) Dated 1194 H (#3521 - Rockford TM)
b) Dated 1195 (#3812 - PLU)

15 Some astrolabes by .Hâjjî ‘Alî 1200/1785
*) Dated 1205 H (#1163 - Rockford TM)
16 Some astrolabes by ‘Alî ibn .Sâdiq Qummî

a) Undated (#1187 - Cambridge WMHS)
b) Undated (#1084 - Leiden MB)

15 Two astrolabes by Mu.hammad Akbar

a) Dated 1234 H (#58 - Rockford TM)
b) Dated 1236 H (#1006 - Cambridge WMHS)

16 An astrolabe by .Hamza (#59 - Washington NMAH)

6. Some astrolabes of the Lahore school (sixteenth to seventeenth centuries)

1 Two astrolabes by Ilâh-dâd

a) Dated 975 H (#1120 - Hyderabad SJM)
b) Undated (#1089 - Oxford MHS)

2 Some astrolabes by ‘Îsâ ibn Ilâh-dâd 1013/1604
3 Some astrolabes by ‘Abd al-Qâdir Mu.hibb

a) Undated (#3923 - Frankfurt IGN)

4 Some astrolabes by Qâ‘im Mu.hammad ibn ‘Îsâ
a) Dated 1018 H (#69 - Hanover KM)
W Special features on some astrolabes of the Lahore school
5 Some astrolabes by Mu.hammad Muqîm ibn ‘Îsâ ca. 1050H

*) Dated 1051 H (#1054 - Greenwich NMM)

6 Some astrolabes by Ibn Mu.hibb .Haqîqa
7 Some astrolabes by .Diyâ‘ al-Dîn Mu.hammad ibn Qâ‘im Mu.hammad

*) Dated 1074 H (#2511 - Rampur SL - lost?)
*) Dated 1085 H (#2703 - Jaipur OBS)

8 Some astrolabes by the sons of Mu.hammad Muqîm

*) A mater dated 1071 H (#3538 - Paris IMA)

9 An astrolabe by Jamâl al-Dîn ibn Mu.hammad Muqîm (#4143 - London SM)
10 An unsigned astrolabe with two separate retes for southern and northern projections (#**** - Rockford TM)
11 An anonymous astrolabe with additional "ship" markings on the rete (#90 - Oxford MHS)
12 A degenerate unsigned astrolabe with an additional "ship" rete (#91 - Chicago AP)
13 An unsigned astrolabe with two retes (#2569 - Washington NMAH)
14 A giant unsigned astrolabe (#4*** - London NG)

7. Miscellaneous Indo-Persian astrolabes (seventeenth to nineteenth centuries)

1 A degenerate astrolabe by Mu.hammad Qâsim ibn Abî .Tâlib Tirmidhî dated 1012 H (#4*** - London SM)
2 An astrolabe by ‘Abd al-Razzâq al-Jîlânî CHECK dated 1051 H (#19 - Oxford MHS)
3 Some astrolabes by Mu.hammad .Sâli.h
*) Dated 1076 H (#23 - London IO??)
*) Dated 1077 H (#2502 - Oxford MHS)
4 Some astrolabes by ‘Abd al-Ghafûr ibn Mu.hammad Sa‘îd

a) Unsigned, dated 1194 H (#54 - Washington NMAH)
b) Dated 1195 H (#56A = #3766 - London VAM)
c) Dated 1198 H (#55 - Washington NMAH)
d) Dated 1212 H (#56 - Chicago AP)
e) Undated (#3669 - Leningrad **)
f) Unsigned, undated (#1025 - Oxford MHS)

5 An astrolabe by Zartân (#1221 - Geneva MAH)
6 An unsigned astrolabe with Abbasid-style rete (#13 - Delhi HM)
7 "Major Pottinger's Astrolabe" - an Indo-Persian rendering of a German instrument ?? (#43 - PLU)
8 An unusual astrolabic plate for [Hamadan] (#4203 - Greenwich NMM)

8. Astrolabes with inscriptions in Armenian and Georgian

1 An astrolabe with inscriptions in Armenian made by by Ghoukas Vanandetsi ca. 1700 and displaying Dutch influence (#3800 - Burakan OBS)
2 A mater with inscriptions in Armenian (#**** - Paris PC)
3 An astrolabe in the Safavid tradition with inscriptions in Armenian (#**** - PLU)
4 Miscellaneous bits and pieces with inscriptions in Armenian

a) An astrolabe by Khafîf (#1026 - Oxford MHS)
b) A rete by [Khafîf] (#2529 - Oxford MHS)

5 An astrolabe by ‘Abd al-A’imma with additional ?? inscriptions in Georgian (#4142 - Abastuman OBS)

9. Astrolabes with Sanskrit inscriptions

Note: these have now been catalogued by Prof. S. R. Sarma of Aligarh (India)

A. Astrolabes for a single latitude

1 The London astrolabe (#92 = #4401 - London RAS/Ind Mus)
2 A wheel astrolabe (#94 = #4402 - PLU India ?)
3 An astrolabe with floral markings on the rete (#95 = #4403 - PLU India ?)
4 The Plimpton astrolabe (#98 = #4404 - Plimpton Colln ??)
5 Kaye's "Jaipur H" mater (#82 = #4405 - Jaipur OBS)
6 Kaye's "Jaipur I" (#83 = #4406 - Jaipur OBS)
7 "Rockford 12" (#4407 - Rockford TM)
8 A silver astrolabe #4408 ("Rockford 14")
9 An astrolabe with a band on the rete for the summer solstice (#4409 - Christie's London 1990)
10 "Linton 180" (#4410 - Point Lookout LC)
11 "Linton 182" (#4411 - Point Lookout LC)
12 The Science Museum astrolabe (#4412 - London SM)
13 A silver astrolabe (#4413 - Paris Druout 1982)
14 The Oxford astrolabe (#4414 - Oxford MHS)
15 (#4415 - Bielefeld **)

B. Astrolabes for a series of latitudes

1 The East India House astrolabe (#96 = #4451 - London EIH)
2 A wheel astrolabe for Jaipur and Delhi (#93 = #4452 - "Jaipur G")
3 The Delhi Museum astrolabe (#97 = #4453 - Delhi **)
4 "Rockford 13" dated 1809 (#4454 - Rockford TM)
5 "Rockford 15" (#4455 - Rockford TM)
6 "Linton 183" dated 1882 (#4456 - Point Lookout LC)
7 "Linton 181" (#4457 - Point Lookout LC)
8 "Christie's astrolabe" (#4458 - London Christie's 1989)
9 An unsigned rete and set of plates (#4459 - Geneva MHS)

C. Islamic instruments with miscellaneous additions in Sanskrit

1 On a Persian (?) astrolabe dated 669H (#67 = #4491 - PLU Benares ??)
2 On an astrolabe by Wafâ’î Munajjim dated 1017 H (#2708 = #4492 - Point Lookout LC)

Part 3: Eastern quadrants

1. Early Islamic quadrants

1 A tenth-century horary quadrant for [Nishapur] by Mu.hammad ibn Ma.hmûd (#5001 - New York MMA)
W On the early history of the horary quadrant for a specific latitude
2 Sine quadrants on early Islamic aslabes
W On the early history of the sine quadrant
3 Universal horary quadrants on early Islamic astrolabes
W On the early history of the universal horary quadrant
4 Horary quadrants for specific latitudes on early Islamic astrolabes

2. Egyptian and Syrian quadrants (Mamluk and early Ottoman periods)

1 An horary quadrant for [Cairo] by Sa‘dû ibn ‘Alî al-Mu’adhdhin (#5002 - Kuwait PC - stolen)
W On the development of the astrolabic quadrant
2 Five astrolabic quadrants by Shams al-Dîn Mu.hammad ibn A.hmad al-Mizzî

a) Dated 727 H (#5003 - London BM)
b) Dated 727 H (#5004 - Cairo IAM)
c) Dated 730 H (#5005 - Copenhagen DS)
d) Dated 734 H (#141 = #5006 - Leningrad **)
e) Dated 734 H (#5007 - London BM)

3 An astrolabic quadrant by ‘Alî ibn al-Shihâb DATED 735 H (#5008 - London BM)
W On the use of the sine quadrant
4 Two astrolabic quadrants by Abû .Tâhir

a) Dated 741 H (#5009 - Athens BM)
b) Dated *** H (#5010 - Dublin CBL)

5 An unsigned astrolabic quadrant for [Damascus] (#5011 - Greenwich NMM)
6 An astrolabic quadrant for Damascus by al-Jirkisî dated **** (#5012 - London BM)
7 Some late quadrants

a) An astrolabic quadrant for [Damascus] by *** (#5013 - London SM)
b) An astrolabic + sine quadrant for Cairo by Mu.hammad Abi l-Fa.dl al-Falakî (#5014 - Cairo ENL)
c) For [Damascus] by ‘Abd al-Mu.hsin ibn .Sâli.h Efendî al-Murâdî, dated 1297 H (#5015 - London NG)

3. Maghribi quadrants

1 An astrolabic quadrant for [Tunis] by A.hmad ibn ‘Abd al-Ra.hmân al-Dahmânî, dated 854 H (#5021 - Madrid MAN)
2 An unusual quadrant for [Marrakesh] (#5022 - Chicago AP)
W On the secrets of the Marrakesh quadrant
3 An astrolabic / sine quadrant for Meknes by al-Ba.t.tû.tî (#5023 - Tetuan **)
4 Some typical late, attributed quadrants bearing astrolabic markings on one side and a sexagesimal sine grid on the other

a) For Meknes by A.hmad ibn ‘Alî al-Andalusî, dated 1219 H (#5024 - Oxford MHS)
b) For Oran by **** (#5025 - PLU)

5 Some unsigned, undated quadrants

a) (#5026 - Chicago AP)
b) For Meknes (#5027 - Christie's 1991)
c) For latitude 37°, Tunis (#5028 - Paris BN)

6 An altitude quadrant by ‘Abd al-Salâm al-‘Alamî of Fez, dated 1291 H (#5029 - Cairo ENL)
7 Two unsigned sine quadrants

a) Dated 1280 H (#5030 - Paris IMA)
b) Undated (#5031 - Paris IMA)

4. Ottoman quadrants

1 Some typical signed Ottoman astrolabic quadrants

a) A.hmad Ayyûbî for latitude [41°] CHECK , dated 1094 H CHECK (#5101 - Oxford MHS)
b) For latitude 37° by Ismâ‘îl .Haqqî (#5102 - Cairo ENL)
c) For latitude 37° by .Husnî (#5103 - Chicago AP)
d) Ismâ‘îl for latitude [42°30'] ?? (Janin-Rohr) (#5104 - PLU)
e) al-Sayyid ‘Uthmân for latitude 43° ?? (#5105 - Cairo ENL)
f) Mu.hammad al-.Tâhirî (#5106 - Haarlem PC)
g) A sine quadrant with transversal scale by .Husayn Daf‘a (?) (#5107 - Cairo ENL)
h) By ??? (illegible) (#5108 - Rockford TM)
i) By Khâdimî .Hâfi.h ‘Abdallâh (#5109 - PLU)
j) For latitude 44° (?) by .Hilmî (#5110 - PLU)
k) For latitude 41° by Fahmî, dated 1204 H (#5111 - PLU)

W On special features of standard Ottoman quadrants
2 Some typical unsigned Ottoman quadrants

a) For latitude [37°] (#5112 - Chicago AP)
b) For latitude [41°] (#5113 - Chicago AP)
c) For latitude 40° (#5114 - New York PC)
d) For latitude [37°30'] (#5115 - Washington NMAH)
e) For latitude 37° (#5116 - Cairo ENL)
f) An astrolabic + sine quadrant (#5117 - Cairo ENL)
g) An astrolabic quadrant (#5118 - Arezzo PC)

3 Miscellaneous unsigned and undated quadrants

a) #5119 - London Christie's 1991
b) #5120 - London Christie's 1991
c) #5121 - London Christie's 1991
d) #5122 - London Christie's 1991
e) #5123 - London Christie's 1991
f) For latitude **° (#5124 - Brugine CISST)
g) For latitude **° (#5125 - Brugine CISST)

* For 41° [Baku or Istanbul ??] by ** (illegible) dated 1222 H (#5126 - Baku MHA?)
* For 41° [Baku or Istanbul ??] by ** (illegible) (#5127 - Baku MHA??)
* Miscellaneous (#5128 - Baku MHA??)
* Miscellaneous (#5129 - Baku MHA?)
* Miscellaneous (#5130 - PLU)
* For 41° (#5131 - Paris IMA)
* Miscellaneous (#5132 - Amsterdam TM)
* Miscellaneous dated 1344 H (#5133 - PC)
4 A sine quadrant on a large circular plate presented to Sultan Ma.hmûd * in 1153 H (#5154 - Istanbul DM)
5 Some unusual signed Ottoman quadrants

a) A quadrant with crescent astrolabic and winged markings on one side and a "complete" trigonometric grid on the other by ‘Arab Zâde ‘Ârif, dated 1117 H (#5151 - Cairo ENL)
b) An winged quadrant and multiple horary quadrant by Shukr Zâde, dated 1178 H (#5152 - Cairo ENL)
c) A double horary quadrant for latitude [41°] by ‘Alî, dated 1211 H (#5153 - Cairo ENL)
d) An astrolabic quadrant for latitude 37° by Dûdî (?) and an incomplete multiple horary quadrant by (?) ‘Uthmân Busnawî (#5154 - PLU)

6 Some unusual unsigned Ottoman quadrants

a) An astrolabic projection + two octants (#5155 - Cairo ENL)

5. Quadrants with Sanskrit inscriptions

1 (#5191 - Oxford MHS)
2 #5192 - Oxford
3 (#5193 - Christie's 9/90)
4 (#5194 - New York CUL)

Part 4: Eastern sundials

1. Sundials from the Islamic East

W Some early Islamic treatises on sundial theory

2. Andalusi sundials

1 A sundial by Ibn al-.Saffâr (#7301 - Cordova MAP)
W On the times of prayer in Islam
2 Six unsigned Andalusi sundials, all now fragmentary

a) With markings for the zodiacal signs (#7302 - Cordova ALC)
b) (#7303 - Almeria MA)

W A crude approximate sundial associated with Ibn al-.Saffâr and Maimonides
W The treatise on sundials in the Libros del saber

c) (#7304 - Cordova MA)
d) (#7305 - Cordova MA)
e) (#7306 - Cordova MA)
f) (#7307 - Sagunt MAN)

3 A degenerate sundial (#7308 - Granada MA)
W On the accuracy of Andalusi sundials

3. Ayyubid and Mamluk sundials

1 A vertical sundial by Abu l-Faraj ‘Îsâ dated 554 H (#7315 - Paris BN)
2 An unsigned sundial for the Mosque of Ibn .Tûlûn in Cairo, dated 696H (#7316 - destroyed)
3 A sundial for Cairo by Khalîl ibn Ramtâsh dated 726H (#7317 - London VAM)
W al-Marrâkushî and Ibn al-Sarrâj on different kinds of sundials
4 Ibn al-Shâ.tir's sundial for the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus (#7318 - Damascus AM) and al-.Tan.tâwî's copy thereof (#7319 - Damascus UM)
W On the accuracy of Mamluk sundials
5 A column sundial (#7320 - **)
6 A vertical sundial (#7321 - Jerusalem)

4. Maghribi sundials

1 A sundial for Tunis by al-Qâsim ibn .Hasan ibn al-Shaddâd dated 746 H (#7341 - Carthage MN)
W The secrets of the Tunis sundial
2 A column sundial by A.hmad ibn Mu.hammad al-Lam.tî dated 747 H (#7342 - Tlemcen SHM)
W Some Maghribi treatises on sundial construction
3 A sundial for Kairouan (#7343 - Kairouan)
4 A sundial from an oasis in Southern Tunisia (#7344 - ?)

5. Ottoman sundials (selected)

1 An unsigned horizontal sundial (#7401 - Diyarbekr)
2 A polar dial (#7402 - Acre)
3 An unsigned Ottoman sundial (#7403 - Istanbul TSM)
4 An Ottoman cylindrical dial (#7404 - Paris IMA)
5 Various sundials from Istanbul (< Meyer)

6 Indian sundials (selected)

1 A horizontal sundial from Hyderabad (#7381 - Hyderabad CMJ)
2 A horizontal sundial from Delhi displaying European influence (#7382 - Delhi CMM)
3 A horizontal sundial based on the principles of folk astronomy from Java, dated 1722 CE (#7383 - Gresik)
W Simple techniques for reckoning time from shadow-lengths in Islamic folk astronomy

Part 5: Miscellaneous Eastern instruments

1. Globes (selected early examples)

Note - Nos. 6001-6132 have been assigned to the globes surveyed by E. Savage-Smith

* A fourteenth-century globe (#6133 - Tartu EAS)
* The horizontal base of a celestial sphere by A.hmad al-Qarîmî dated 1146 H (#6134 - Istanbul DM)
* An Ottoman globe (#6135 - Istanbul RK)
* The frame of an Ottoman globe (#6136 - Istanbul RK)

2. Spherical astrolabes

1 A spherical astrolabe by Mûsâ dated 885 H (#8001 - Oxford MHS)
2 Fragments of a spherical astrolabe from [Tunis] (#8002 - Milan PC)

3. Equatoria

1 Fragments of an equatorium by Hibatallâh (#3633 = #8003 - Berlin MIK)

4. Luni-solar gear mechanisms

1 A geared mechanism on an astrolabe by Mu.hammad ibn Abî Bakr al-Fârisî (#5 = #8004 - Oxford MHS)
W On the theory underlying a simple luni-solar mechanism

5. Compendia

1 A .sandûq al-yawâqît, "jewel-box", by Ibn al-Shâ.tir, dated 767 H (#8005 - Aleppo AM)
W On the early history of the magnetic compass in Islamic astronomy
2 A plate from a "jewel-box" signed by al-Wafâ‘î in 847 H (#8006 - Kandilli OBS)
3 Ottoman examples of al-Wafâ‘î's equatorial dial

a) Signed (# 8007 - Kandilli OBS)
b) (#8008 - Kuwait DAI)
c) (#8009 - Damascus AM)

6. Qibla indicators (selected)

1 The qibla indicator on the compendium of Ibn al-Shâ.tir (#8005 - Aleppo AM)
2 A typical Safavid qibla indicator (#8021 - **)
W On the sacred direction in Islam
3 An Ottoman qibla indicator (#8022 - **)
W On the mathematical and cartographic determination of the qibla
4 A Safavid qibla indicator based on a crude geographical scheme (#8023 - Oxford MHS)
5-7 Three Safavid world-maps centred on Mecca with a grid based on a rect-azimuthal cartographic projection
5 Unsigned (#8024 - Kuwait DAI)
6 Signed by Mu.hammad .Husayn (#8025 - Paris PC)
7 Signed by .Hasan .Husayn (#8026 - Boston PC)

7. Nocturnals

1 A late Maghribi nocturnal (#8091 - ***)
2 A late Persian nocturnal (#8092 - ***)

8. Annular scales

1 #8093 - Oxford MHS
2 (#8094 - Rockford TM)

X. Some fake Eastern astrolabes

Part 6: Early European astrolabes (to ca. 1500)

1. Miscellaneous early European astrolabes (I)

1 The so-called "astrolabe carolingien", from 10th-century Catalonia (#3042 - Paris IMA)
W The controversy surrounding the "astrolabe carolingien"
2 An astrolabe for the seven climates (#161 - London BM)
3 An Italian astrolabe (#3037 - Milan TT)
4 An unsigned, undated (??) astrolabe (#4504 - PLU)
W On the earliest European treatises on the astrolabe
5 A Spanish (?) astrolabe (for Saragossa and other latitudes, with later additions for Paris) (#191 - Oxford MHS)
6 An English or French astrolabe for latitudes between 24° and 60°, including for [Paris] and [London] (#300 - Oxford MHS)
7 A French astrolabe (#428 - Greenwich NMM)
8 An Italian (?) astrolabe with a zoophic rete (#2041 - Oxford MHS)
W On the development of zoomorphic retes on European astrolabes
9 An Italian (?) astrolabe with plates for the climates (#166 - Oxford MHS)
10 An Italian (?) astrolabe for the climates (#167 - London BM)
11 A French astrolabe for the upper climates (#420 - Greenwich NMM)
W On the star-names used on the earliest known European astrolabes
12 An English astrolabe missing its rete (#303 - Oxford MC)
13 A mater and plates owned by Nikolaus of Cusa (#589 - Bernkastel-Kues NKS)
14 An astrolabe of uncertain provenance for latitudes between 16° and 52° (#558 - Nuremberg GNM)
15 An astrolabe dated 1374 (#3114 - PLU)

2. Miscellaneous early European astrolabes (II)

1 A Catalan astrolabe with a V-shaped frame on the rete (#416 - Greenwich NMM)
2 An Italian astrolabe with a distinctive rectangular frame on the rete (#493 - Florence MSS)
3 A related astrolabe, signed "KP" and made in Urbino (?) in 1462 (#4506 - Moulins MD - stolen)
4 An Italian (?) astrolabe (#441 - London SM)
W On the geography of early medieval European astrolabes
5 An astrolabe with an equatorial ring on the rete (#567 - Wroclau Observatory)
6 An astrolabe with an equatorial ring on the rete, dated 1375 and signed by Raimondus Petrus (#3053 - Boston MFA)
7 A composite astrolabe with Hebrew inscriptions on the back of the mater (#621 - Munich DM)
8 An astrolabe with a latitude grid around the ecliptic on the rete and zodiacal figures on the back (#213 - PLU)
W On the development of Hindu-Arabic numerals in medieval Europe
9 A fifteenth-century astrolabe from the Low Countries with a rete in an art nouveau style (#536 - Leiden MB)
10 An unsigned, undated astrolabe with an unusual rete (#3096 - Salem PM)
11 An Italian astrolabe with degenerate quatrefoil markings and a shakkâziyya grid (#2044 - Oxford MHS)
12 An Italian astrolabic plate for the second climate and a simpified rete combining north and south projections (#169 - Oxford MHS)
13 A Spanish (?) astrological astrolabe fitted with an equatorium MOVE TO 7.4 LATER (#2045 = #8505 - Oxford MHS)
14 A late Italian astrolabe copied from an earlier type (#4507 - Florence MNB)
15-16 Two related astrolabes, one Italian made to look like a Dutch one, and a Dutch copy
15 A composite Italian astrolabe with a dubious signature by Henricus de Hollandia (#548 - Nuremberg GNM)
16 An unsigned fifteenth-century (?) Dutch astrolabe in imitation of the style of the Nuremberg astrolabe "signed" by Henricus de Hollandia (#566 - Prague NTM)
16 Two "lost" astrolabes MOVE LATER (#625 and #626 - formerly Salzburg PS)

3. Astrolabes with quatrefoil ornamentation (I)

1* The "Toledo astrolabe", with markings in Latin, Arabic and Hebrew (#4560 - PC)
1 An astrolabe with a rectangular frame inside the ecliptic on the rete and plates for latitudes down to that of [Palestine] (#162 - London SA)
2 A French astrolabe with gear mechanism (#198 - London SM)
3 An English astrolabe dated 1342 and signed by Blakeney (#292 - London BM)
4 The "Great Sloane astrolabe" (#290 - London BM)
W On the development of the quatrefoil design on Islamic and European astrolabe retes
5 An Italian astrolabe with zoomorphic representations on the throne and back (#547 - Nuremberg GNM)
6 An Italian astrolabe (#4515 - Milan TT)
7 An Italian astrolabe dedicated to (Alfonsus ?) Bonhominus (#4516 - Milan MCAA)
8 An Italian astrolabe (#3203 - Turin MPMT)
9 An Italian astrolabe (#2043 - Oxford MHS)
10 A German astrolabe owned by ?? Ludolf de Siete (#2027 - Cracow JM)
11 An unsigned rete (#294 - Oxford MHS)
12 An English astrolabe (#200 = #295 - Chicago AP)
13 An Anglo-French ?? astrolabe with an owner's mark in Hebrew script (#293 - London SM)
14 An Italian (?) astrolabe (#2062 - Pavia MSU)

4. Astrolabes with quatrefoil and trefoil ornamentation (II)

1 A French (?) astrolabe (#**** - Rome OA - Stolen) - MOVE DOWN LATER ??
2 An astrolabic plate for [Paris] (#190 - London VA)
3 An astrolabe with a replacement quafoil rete (#627 - Salzburg CA)
4 An astrolabe with a "broken" half quatrefoil (#* - Cambridge WMHS)
5 A German astrolabe with a half quatrefoil on the solstitial bar of the rete (#461 - Ghent BM)
6 An astrolabe with a half-quatrefoil on the solstitial bar, featuring cipher numerals (#202 - London Christie's)
W On the dating of early European astrolabes
7 A French or English astrolabe owned by John of London (?) (#3058 - Greenwich NMM)
8 A North Italian astrolabic plate with a single trefoil on the rete (#**** - Milan MCAA)
9 A French or English astrolabe with half-quatrefoils on the supports of the equatorial bar, supposedly dated 1501 (#4517 - PLU)
10 A French (?) astrolabe (#2042 - Oxford MHS)
11 An English astrolabe (#4518 - PC)
12 An English astrolabe (#457 - Liège MVW)
13 A French (?) astrolabe (#546 - PC)
14 An English astrolabe (#4508 - Istanbul BTTM)
15 A "cosmopolitan" Italian astrolabe with a replacement plate from a Byzantine astrolabe and additional markings in Hebrew (#4509 - PC)
16 An Italian ?? astrolabe (#**** - Milan PA)
17 "Sir John Findlay's astrolabe" (#238 - PLU)
18 A debased trefoil Gothic astrolabe (#573 - PLU formerly Needham Collection)

5. Astrolabes with inscriptions in Judaeo-Arabic or Hebrew

1 An astrolabe with a rectangular frame inside the ecliptic on the rete, dating from ca. 1300 and with inscriptions in Judaeo-Arabic (#3915 - London NG)
2 An astrolabe with Hebrew inscriptions from the mid-fourteenth century (#158 - London BM)
W On Hebrew alphanumerical notation
3 A fifteenth-century astrolabe with Hebrew inscriptions (#3906 - PC)
3 A fifteenth-century astrolabe with Hebrew inscriptions on the back (#621 - Munich DM)
W On some medieval Hebrew treatises on the astrolabe
4 A sixteenth-century astrolabe with quatfoil markings on the rete and Hebrew inscriptions (#159 - Chicago AP)
5 Miscellaneous bits and pieces with Hebrew inscriptions and instruments made by Jewish craftsmen

a) A rete with messy Hebrew inscriptions (#2572 - Washington NMAH)
b) A Maghribi astrolabe with Arabic intions made by a Jewish craftsman (#1122 - PC)

*-* Miscellaneous additions to European astrolabes in Hebrew script
*) The back of a fourteenth-century "cosmolitan" astrolabe (#4520 - PC)
*) An owner's mark in Hebrew script (#293)

6. English astrolabes with a Y-shaped frame on the rete in the tradition of Geoffrey Chaucer

1 An astrolabe for Oxford or London (#301 - Cambridge CC)
2 An Anglo-French astrolabe for Montpellier, Oxford and elsewhere, dated 1326 (#291 - London BM)
3 "The Painswick astrolabe" for localities between Toledo and [Thule] (#299 - Oxford MHS)
W On saints' days in medieval England
4 An astrolabic plate for Oxford fitted with an equatorium (#297 - Oxford MC)
W On the determination of Easter and related scales on instruments
5 An astrolabic plate for Oxford with a universal horary quadrant (#296 - Oxford OC)
6 An astrolabe for localities from Dover to Berwick (#298 - London BM)
W Geoffrey Chaucer's treatise on the astrolabe
7 "Parnel's astrolabe" (# 304 - Washton NMAH)
8 An English astrolabe (#**** - Oxford MHS)
9 An astrolabe with plates for Paris, Cologne and London (#4521 - Milan TT)
10 An English zoomorphic astrolabe (#2006 - Washington NMAH)

7. Early French and Italian astrolabes with an upper frame on the rete

1 An early Italian astrolabe with a bowl-shaped frame (#**** - Milan PA)
2 A Franco-Italian astrolabe for the climates (#4512 - Rockford TM)
3 An Franco-Italian astrolabe (#168 - Oxford MHS)
4 A Franco-Italian (??) astrolabe similar to the previous one (#410 - Oxford MHS)
5 An Franco-Italian astrolabe (#4522 - PLU)
6 An astrolabe similar to the previous one (#609 - Luneburg MFL)
7 An astrolabe with an unfinished rete (#**** - Rome OA)
8 An Italian astrolabe dated 1420 (#4523 - PC)
9 A French astrolabe for Nevers (#4524 - Frankfurt HM)
10 An Italian astrolabe with an upper equatorial frame (#186 - Washington NMAH)
11 A German astrolabic plate with a tulip-shaped frame, dated 1468 and serving a latitude in N. Italy, and said to have been owned by Regiomontanus (#550 - Nuremberg GNM)
12 An unsigned Italian astrolabe / astrolabic plate with a thistle-shaped frame on the rete, dated 1500 (#**** - Milan PA)
W Construction marks on various European astrolabes
13 An Italian astrological plate for the latitude of [Palestine] (#170 - Oxford MHS)
14 A late Italian astrolabe with a bowl-shaped upper frame on the rete (#576 - Cambridge WMHS)
15 A late Italian astrolabe with an upper frame on the rete (#247 - London SM)
16 An Italian astrolabe with two short upper bars (#479 - Florence MSS)
W The treatise on the astrolabe by Andalo di Negro, 1475
17 An Italian astrolabe from ca. 1500 (#174 - London RGS)
18 (#431 - Greenwich NMM)
19 An astrolabe from the Low Countries or from Germany influenced by the "Fusoris" tradition but with a prominent bowl-shaped frame on the rete (#4525 - Munich DM)
20 An anomalous late-fifteenth-century German astrolabe exhibiting French influence (#601 -Cologne SM)

8. Fifteenth-century French astrolabes in the tradition of Jean Fusoris

1 The "Thornoe" astrolabe (#337 - Greenwich NMM)
2 An astrolabe related to the Greenwich Thornoe one (#476 - Barcelona OF)
3 A French ??/ Anglo-French ?? astrolabe (#163 - Oxford MHS)
4 A "Fusoris-type" astrolabe without an upper frame on the rete (#598 - Kassel HLM)
5 A simplified "Fusoris-type" astrolabe (#4526 - PC)
6-20 "Fusoris-type" astrolabes
W A "typical" "Fusoris-type" astrolabe
6 A "Fusoris-type" astrolabe (#196 - Oxford MHS)
W The treatise on astrolabe construction by Jean Fusoris
7 A "Fusoris-type" astrolabe (#194 - Oxford MHS)
8 A "Fusoris-type" astrolabe, maybe slightly later than the rest (#192 - Oxford MHS)
9 The "Fusoris-type" astrolabe of Robert Gordon of Straloch (#3082 - Edinburgh RSM)
10 A "Fusoris-type" astrolabe (#3080 - Paris CNAM)
11 A "Fusoris-type" astrolabe with rete and plates reworked by an Egyptian or a Syrian in the nineteenth (?) century (#460 - Antwerp NSM)
12 "Sir John Findlay's "Fusoris-type" astrolabe" (#193 - Chicago AP)
13 A "Fusoris-type" astrolabe (#199 - Chicago AP)
14 A "Fusoris-type" astrolabe (#195 - London BM)
15 A "Fusoris-type" astrolabe (#568 - Wroclaw Observatory)
16 A "Fusoris-type" astrolabe (#4527 - Stockholm NM)
17 A simplified "Fusoris-type" astrolabe (#193B = #3070 - PLU ???)
18 A "Fusoris-type" astrolabe ? (#3083 - PLU)
19 A "Fusoris-type" astrolabe ? (#3084 - Barcelona MM)
20 An astrolabe in the "Fusoris" tradition (#518 - Paris BN)
21 Two imitation "Fusoris" astrolabes

a) Undated (#407 - Cambridge WMHS)
b) An early copy of a "Fusoris-type" astrolabe dated 1447 or 1487 (#623 = #3208 - Munich BNM)

22 An astrolabe in the "Fusoris" tradition signed by Hooft (#197 - Cambridge CC)
23 An astrolabe in the "Fusoris" tradition (#4528 - Brescia MEC)
24 An unsigned imitation "Fusoris-type" astrolabe (#3081 - PLU)
25 Another imitation "Fusoris-type" astrolabe (#4529 - Brugine CISST)
26 Two / three sixteenth-century Dutch astrolabes, imitations of "Fusoris-type" astrolabes, signed by Johannes Bos

a) Undated (#539 - Utrecht UM)
b) Dated 1591 (#430 - Greenwich NMM)
c) Undated (#534 - Leiden MB)

9. Fifteenth-century German astrolabes in the tradition of Regiomontanus and Hans Dorn

1-5 Some mid-fifteenth-century German astrolabes with similar ("Regiomontanus-type") retes
1 Two astrolabes by the same maker (?) with a lunar volvelle on the back

a) Dated 1457 (#549 - Nuremberg GNM)
b) Undated (#452 - PC)

2-3 Two astrolabes with an organum Ptolemei on the back
2 An unsigned astrolabe with later additions on the blank side of the plate of the organum (#256 - PC)
W The plates of the nine "Regiomontanus-type" astrolabes and the comments of Georg Hartmann on the plates of the astrolabes made by Regiomontanus that he had seen
3 An astrolabe signed by Ioannus (Regiotanus) and dedicated to Cardinal Bessarion in 1462 (#640 - London Christie's)
W Comments on queries raised about the Regiomontanus instrument
4 Three unsigned astrolabes with similar basic features and inscriptions in Gothic script

a) Dated 1466 (#592 - Darmstadt HLM)
b) Dated 1481 (#530 - Strasbourg MH)
c) Undated (#620 - Munich DM)

W Comments on the star-names on the nine "Regiomontanus-type" astrolabes
5 Two astrolabes with unusual plates and three different scripts

a) An astrolabe with plates for tropical latitudes (#516 - Paris CNAM)
b) An astrolabe with universal plates (#545 - New York CU)

6-8 Some related astrolabes, some signed by Johan Hans Bamman of Schmalkalden
6 An astrolabe with a "Regiomontanus-type" rete dated 1482 (#4501 - Cracow CZ)
7 Some simplified astrolabes

a) Dated 1484 (#633 - Schweinfurt SM)
b) Dated 1487 (#604 - SchloÝ Kreuzenstein - lost)
c) A mater dated 1490 (#248 - Oxford MHS)
d) Dated 1491 (#249 - Munich BNM)
e) A mater dated 1491 (#540 - Oldenzaal OK)

8 An astrolabe with an unusual rete signed "hb" and dated 1493 (#4502 - Milan TT)
9-13 Some instruments signed by Hans Dorn and some others unsigned but probably also due to him
9 An organum Ptolemei on the back of an astrolabic plate attached to a celestial sphere signed by Hans Dorn in 1480 (#4510 - Cracow JM)
10-12 Three astrolabes representing the generation after Regiomontanus, with a single half quatrefoil and a rectangular frame developed from the "Regiomonnus-type" rete
10 An astrolabe owned by (?) Ioannus Broscius (#643 or #644 - Cracow JM)
11 An unsigned astrolabe dated 1483 and fitted with an organum Ptolemei and an eclipse calculator (#492 - Florence MSS)
W On the development of the transversal scale
12 An unsigned astrolabe owned by Martin Bylica (#642 - Cracow JL)
13 A compendium with an astrological plate signed by Hans Dorn in 1491 (#250 - London BM)
14 An unsigned, undated astrological plate and an equatorium (#4511 - Milan PA)
15 An astrolabe on paper and vellum by Hanns Herghamer dated 1492 (#403 - Oxford MHS)

Part 7: Selected late European astrolabes

1. Late Italian astrolabes

1 An astrolabe by Piervincenzo Danti ca. 1500 (#171 - Hamburg MKG)
2 Two astrolabes signed by Falconus of the Bergamo Valley

a) An astrolabe dated 1505 (#3032 - Milan TT)
b) An astrolabic plate dated 1507 (#251 - London BM)
c) An astrolabic plate on an undated quadrant (#* - Washington NMAH)
d) Astrolabic markings on an undated quadrant (#**** - Brescia MEC)

3 An astrolabe by Vulparia dated 1525 (#175 - London BM)
4 An astrolabe dated 1543 (#176 - Palermo RM ??)
5 A rete and set of plates (#4530 - Tesseract)
6 A quatrefoil astrolabe with incompetent markings and a remnant of a sine quadrant from an albion (#3000 - Basle HM)
7 Two astrolabes signed by Bernardinus Zabeus

a) A quatrefoil astrolabe dated 1558 (#545 - New York CUL)
b) An astrolabe dated 1559 (#177 - Chicago AP)

8 An unsigned astrolabe with four quatrefoils on the rete (#409 - Oxford MHS)
9 An astrolabe with a complete central quatrefoil (#164 - Chicago AP)
10 An astrolabe with a large three-quarter quatrefoil on the rete (#2046 - Oxford)
11 An astrolabe (#**** - Milan PA)
W Geographical plates on various Italian and Flemish astrolabes
12 An unsigned astrolabe with a "de Rojas"-type projection on the back and a geographical plate (#458 - Liège MVW)
13 An unsigned astrolabe (#2063 - Pavia MSU)
14 A giant astrolabe by [Egnatio Dante ?] (#484 - Florence MSS)
15 A nineteenth-century incompetently-made astrolabe hitherto associated with Egnatio Dante (#3205 - Genoa MN)

2. Late German astrolabes

1 Two undated astrolabic plates for [Vienna ?] by the same maker, and closely related to those of Falconi

a) (#628 - Salzburg MCA)
b) (#**** - Florence MSS)

2-4 Some German astrological plates
2 An astrological plate dated 1516 and associated with Johannes Werner (#551 - Nuremberg GNM)
3 An astrological plate dated 1521 (#252 - Oxford MHS)
4 An astrological plate made by / dedicated to ?? Johannes Wagner in 1538 (#257 - Oxford MHS)
W The paper astrolabe of Johannes Stöffler, published in Mainz in 1535 [CHECK EARLIER PRINTS]
5 Four unsigned astrolabes from the same workshop with Y-shaped frames on the rete

a) Undated (#173 - Oxford MHS)
b) Undated (#453 - Point Lookout LL)
c) Undated (with a leather case, probably original, dated 1542) (#4505 - Munich DM)
d) Undated (#**** - Rome OA - stolen)

6 Two undated astrolabes by the same maker CHECK with a vaguely rectangular frame on the rete developed from the "Hans Dorn"-type

a) (#491 - Florence MSS)
b) (#4*** - Stuttgart WLM)

W Georg Hartmann's treatise on astrolabe construction
7 Some astrolabes signed by Georg Hartmann

a) Dated 1525 (#538 - Utrecht UM)

*) Dated 1537 (#262 - Washington NMAH)
*) Dated 1540 and bearing a replacement rete, ring and geographical plate after the tradition of Egnazio Danti (#537 - Utrecht UM)

W The myrtle astrolabe of Andreas Schöner, Nuremberg, 1562
8 A mater and plates of wood and paper signed by Lorenz Schreckenfuchsig of Memmingen and dated 1567 (#4532 - Chicago AP)
9 An astrolabe with quatrefoil markings on the rete (#**** - Stuttgart WLM)
10 An astrolabe by Christopher Schissler dated 1560 (#487 - Florence MSS)
11 A German astrological astrolabe (#252 - Oxford MHS)
12 An astrolabe with an organum Ptolemei on the back (#269 - Oxford MHS)
13 An astrolabe made by Heinricus Rantzovius for Heinricus Knaustinus in 1578 (#4531 - Munich BNM)
14 Some astrolabes by Erasmus Habermel
*) Undated (#278 - Oxford MHS)
*) Dated 1588 (#280 - Munich DM)
15 A "Habermel"-type astrolabe (#**** - PLU maybe Oxford MHS)
16 Two astrolabes by Joh. Linden

a) Undated (#274 - Oxford MHS)
b) Dated 1604 (#572 - Zurich SLM)

17 Some unsigned astrolabes, perhaps by Joh. Linden

a) #449 - Brussels MRAH
b) #*** - PLU
c) #283- London BM
d) #275 - Oxford MHS

18 Three astrolabes by Johannes Praetorius

a) Dated 1568 (#554 - Nuremberg GNM)
b) Dated 1568 (#271 - Dresden MPS)
c) Dated 1591 (#483 - Florence MSS)

19 An astrolabic plate from ca. 1600, probably of German provenance (#637 - Zittau SKM - lost)
20 Miscellaneous additional astrolabes inspected

a) An astrolabe by Heinrich Höing of Danzig, dated 1598 (#**** - Munich DM)
b) An unsigned German compendium with an astrolabic plate and "Hartmann-type" rete, ca. 1600 (#**** - Munich DM)

21 A note on some lost astrolabes, probably of German provenance

3. Late astrolabes from the Low Countries

1 A "de Rojas"-type plate signed by Thomas Gemini and dated 1552 (#450 - Brussels ORB)
2 An astrolabe by Jacob Valerius dated 1558 (#446 - Brussels MRAH)
3 An unsigned astrolabe with both a rectangular and V-shaped frame on the rete and a geographical plate serving both hemispheres, dated 1557 (#4*** - Palermo BC)
4 An astrolabe with quatrefoil decoration (#**** - PLU - bears inv. no. 1928.21)
5 A Gemma Frisius-type astrolabe (#4533 - Istanbul BTTM)
6 Some astrolabes by the brothers Arsenius

a) Dated 1566, signed by Walter (#231 - Madrid MA)
b) (#602 - Cologne SM)

W Comments on the geography of Arsenius instruments
* Unsigned astrolabes in the Arsenius tradition

a) An astrolabic plate (#**** - PC)
b) A replacement rete for an astrolabe of al-Khamâ‘irî (#4054 - PC)

* Some astrolabes by Michael Coignet

a) Dated 1572 (#564 - Berlin KGM)
b) Dated 1598 (#467 - Madrid MN)
c) Dated 1601 (#533 - Leiden MB)
d) Undated ?? (#2060 - Milan **)

* An unsigned astrolabic plate for latitude [51°] with a built-in myrtle ecliptic (#3106 - Brussels IAM)
W Developments to the astrolabe in the Low Countries ca. 1600 in the same tradition as those in tenth-century al-‘Irâq (mixed north-south retes) and eleventh and thirteenth-century al-Andalus (universal projections and doubled retes and the universal plate of Ibn Bâ.so)
* An astrolabe with a "de Rojas"-type projection on the back signed by Lambert Damery in 1614 (#**** #451 ?? - Brussels ORB)
* An unsigned, undated astrolabic plate associated with Lambert Damery (#459 - Liège MVW)
* Some astrolabes signed by Johannes Bos ARE THEY ALL FAKE ??

a) An imitation of a Fusoris-type astrolabe (#539 - Utrecht **)
b) (#430 - Greenwich NMM)
c) (#534 - Leiden MB)
d) (#4514 - Munich PC)

* An astrolabe in earlier style, dated 1595 and belonging to Philis de Din (#211 - Oxford MHS)

4. Late Spanish astrolabes

1 A mater for Saragossa, dated 1558 (#165 - Oxford MHS)

5. Late French astrolabes

1 An astrolabic plate by Galois dated 1548 (#204 - Washington NMAH)
2 A "French" astrolabe (#206 - Oxford MHS)
3 Some astrolabes by Michel Piquer

a) Dated 1513 (#3030 - Milan TT)
b) Signed "MP" and dated 1542 (#221 - Washington NMAH)
c) An astrolabe signed by Michel Piquer and dated 1542, with star-names in Greek (#4534 - PC)
d) (#433 - Greenwich NMM)

4 Some instruments by Adrian Descrolières

a) An astrolabe dated 1571 (#503 - Venice MC)
b) An astrolabe dated 1571 (#4519 - Kandilli R)
c) An astrolabe dated 1576, reworked by an Ottoman in the seventeenth (?) century (#4104 - Kandilli R)
d) An astrolabe dated 1577 (#455 - PLU, formerly Greppin Collection)
e) A quadrant with astrolabic markings and a quatrefoil rete, made in Antwerp and dated 1579 (#525 - Toulouse MPD)
f) An astrolabe made in Paris dated 1580 (#208 - London BM)
g) A related unsigned, undated instrument (#**** - PLU, sold at La Rochelle in 1984)

5 A late astrolabic plate for [Paris] in the simplified "Fusoris" tradition (#3200 - Frankfurt HM)
6 An astrolabic plate with four half-plates of astrolabic markings (#**** - PC)
W European modifications to the standard astrolabic plate and rete
7 A late astrolabe in the Fusoris tradition THIS IS REPEATED (#**** - Brescia MEC)

6. Late English astrolabes

1 An astrolabe made for King Henry III by Bastien Le Seney (#305 - London BM)
2 Two astrolabes by Humphrey Cole

a) Prince Henry's pocket astrolabe dated 1574 (#306 - London BM)
b) Dated 1575 (#307 - St. Andrews)

W The treatise on the universal astrolabe by John Blagrave
3 An unsigned universal astrolabe in the tradition of Blagrave (#309 - Chicago AP)
4 A universal astrolabe in the style of John Blagrave (#**** - Florence MSS)

7. Astrolabes of uncertain provenance

1 A late quatrefoil astrolabe (#238 - PLU, formerly Sir John Findlay Collection)
2 A late Italian or French astrolabe with a large three-quarter quatrefoil on the rete REPEATED (#2046 - Oxford MHS)
3 An astrolabe with a Y-shaped frame on the rete (#4513 - Toulouse PC)
4 A German (?) astrolabe with an ornate throne (#617 - Melk BS)
5 A mater from France or the Low Countries ca. 1600 (#618- Melk BS)
6 Three Italian or French astrolabes with dragon-type volvelles

a) (#3214 - Leiden MB)
b) (#216 - Oxford MHS)
c) (#*** - Zellinger Collection)
d) (#634 - Schweinfurt SM)

Part 8: European quadrants

1. Universal horary quadrants

1 A universal horary quadrant with an optional solar scale (#5501 - Milan TT)
2 An English universal horary quadrant for a physician (#279 - Oxford MC)
3 A universal horary quadrant on the back of an English astrolabe (#296 Oxford MHS < OC)
4 Standard universal horary quadrants on the backs of early European astrolabes
5 Some universal horary quadrants modified for specific latitudes

2. Quadrantes veteres

1 A quadrans vetus (#5502 - Oxford MHS)
2 A quadrans vetus (#5503 - Florence MSS)
3 A quadrans vetus (#5504 - London BM)
4 A quadrans vetus (#5505 - Vienna KHM)

3. Quadrantes novi

1 Undated (#5506 - Oxford MC)
2 A quadrans novus datable to the fourth century (#5507 - Washington NMAH)
3 Undated (#5508 - Haarlem PC)
4 Undated (#5509 - Milan MAA)
5 An ivory quadrans novus dated 1438 (#5510 - Vienna KHM)
6 Undated (#5511 - Rouen MASM)
7 Datable to [1415] (#2111 = #5512 - Angers MA)
8 A quadrans novus on the back of an English zoomorphic astrolabe (#2006 = #5513 - Washington NMAH)
9 A quadrans novus (#5514 - Luneburg MFL)
10 A "universal" quadrans novus with a latitude grid by Antonio Magini (#5515 - Oxford MHS)
* A sixteenth-century Italian quadrans novus (#5516 - Milan MAA)

4. Horary quadrants for a specific latitude

1 Two late fourteenth-century English horary quadrants by the same maker "SM"

a) Dated 1398 (#5521 - Dorchester DM)
b) Dated 1399 (#5522 - London BM)

2 An early-fifteenth-century English horary quadrant (#55523 - London BM)
3 An fifteenth-century Italian horary quadrant (#5528 - London BM)
4 A late-fifteenth-century German horary quadrant (#5524 = #8513 - Bielefeld KGS)
5 A "bi-limbed" north/south horary quadrant by Georg Hartmann dated 1549 (#5525 = #8514 - London SM)
6 Some signed sixteenth-century horary quadrants

a) A quadrant signed by Michael Piquer with straight hour lines (#5528 - Melk BSM)

7 Some unsigned sixteenth-century horary quadrants

a) Dated 1551 (#5526 - London BM)
b) Undated Italian (#5527 - London BM)

8 Some later European horary quadrants on astrolabes
9 An anomalous eighteenth-century (?) quadrant with inscriptions in Cyrillic giving the hours of day and night for the latitude of Russia (#5529 - Moscow HM)

5. Universal quadrants

1 Some typical European shakkâziyya quadrants
2 An unsigned double universal quadrant (#5541 - Chicago AP)
3 A double universal quadrant by Christoph Schissler (#5542 - Stuttgart WLM)
4 A double universal quadrant

a) Dated **** (#5543 - Florence MSS)
5 A universal quadrant by Christian Heiden dated 1553 (#5544 - Oxford MHS)

6. Sexagenaria

1 A sexagenarium (#5550 - Oxford MHS)
W On the use of the sexagenarium
2 Some sine quadrants on late European astrolabes

Part 9: Early European sundials

1. Sundials in the Roman tradition

1 A tenth-century English vertical dial (#7501 - Canterbury TCC)
2 A medieval vertical dial (#7502 - PC)
W On the markings of the simplest vertical shadow dials

2. Some scratch-dials

Note - Only sundials prior to ca. 1550 will be included here and in Section 3.

W On the times of prayer in medieval Christianity

3. Plane dials

W Georg Hartmann on different varieties of sundials
W A geographical index of European sundials of exceptional astronomical interest from before ca. 1500
W A critical bibliography on later European sundials

4. Portable horizontal dials

1 Miscellaneous horizontal dials on fifteenth-century compendia
2 A German horizontal dial dated 1563 (#7531 - London BM)
3 A horizontal dial by U. Schniep dated 1572 (#7532 - London BM)
4 A horizontal dial by Schissler ?? (#7533 - London BM)
5 A horizontal dial by Vulparia dated 1576 (#7534 - London BM)
6 Miscellaneous horizontal dials

5. Folding sundials

1 Some mid-fifteenth-century Nuremberg sundials

a) Dated 1451 (#7511 - Innsbruck TLMF)
b) Dated 1453 (#7512 - London BM)
c) Dated 1455 (#7513 - Graz **)
d) Dated 1455 (#7514 - Ecouen **)
e) Dated 1456 (#7515 - Munich BNM)
f) Dated 1463 and attributed to Regiomontanus (#7516 - Vienna KHM)
g) Undated, dedicated to Pope Paul II (1464-1471) (#7517 - Nuremberg GNM)
h) Dated 1480 and on an instrument by Hans Dorn (#7518 - Cracow JM)

2 Fifteenth-century ivory (#7521 - London BM)
3 Fifteenth-century German (#7522 - Vienna KHM)
4 Fifteenth-century ivory (#7523 - New York MMA)
5 Some typical early-sixteenth-century diptych sundials from Nuremberg

a) Dated 1511 (#7662 - Nuremberg GNM)
b) Signed by Georg Hartmann and dated 1562 (#7663 - London BM)
c) Signed by Reinmann and dated 1578 (#7664 - London BM)

9 A string-gnomon dial by Habermel (#7665 - London BM)

6. Cruciform dials

1 A cruciform dial by Georg Hartmann dated 1541 (#7527 - London BM)
2 A German cruciform dial dated 1569 (#7528 - London BM)
3 A late-sixteenth-century German cruciform dial (#7529 - London BM)

7. Polyhedral dials

1 A German polyhedral dial dated [15]27 (#7530 - Frankfurt HM)
2 A polyhedral dial from Augsburg ca. 1550 (#7535 - London BM)
3 Miscellaneous

8. Universal ring-dials

1 Miscellaneous universal ring dials on fifteenth-century compendia
2 Miscellaneous

9. Ring-dials

1 A fifteenth-century German ring-dial (#7525 - Chicago AP)
W The theory underlying the markings on a ring-dial
2 A ring-dial by Vulparia dated *** (#7526 - Oxford MHS)
3 Selected later ring-dials

10. Cylindrical sundials

1 An ivory cylindrical dial dated 1455 (#7524 - Munich BNM)
2 Miscellaneous
W On the earliest European tables for marking cylindrical sundials

11. Scaphes in the form of a chalice

1 An English scaphe dated 1554 (#7536 - London BM)

Part 10: Miscellaneous early European instruments (selected)

1. Early globes

1 A ??-century globe (#6501 - Bernkastel-Kues)
2 A globe by Hans Dorn dated 1480 (#6502 = #4510 - Cracow JM)
3 A globe by J. Stoeffler dated 1493 (#6503 - Nuremberg GNM)
4 An unsigned globe dated 1502 (#6504 - Ecouen)
5 A globe (#6505 - Cracow JM)

2. Armillary spheres

3. Analemmatic dials

1 An eleventh-century German dial (#8501 - Regensburg SM)

4. Torqueta

1 A ??-century torquetum (#8502 - Bernkastel-Kues)
2 A late fifteenth-century torquetum (#8503 - Cracow JM)
W On the origin of the torquetum

5. Equatoria

1 A fourteenth-century English equatorium (#8504 = #*** - Oxford MC)
2 An equatorium by "Fusoris" IS IT SIGNED ?? dated 1414 (#8517 - PC)
3 An equatorium (#8518 - Rome OBS)
W The basic planetary theory underlying medieval equatoria
5 A fifteenth-century German equatorium (#8506 - Milan PA)
6 Fragments of an early equatorium ?? (#8519 - Frankfurt HM)
7 An early-sixteenth century Spanish equatorium (#2045 = #8505)

6. Albions

1 A fifteenth-century German albion (#8507 - Rome OBS)
2 A lunar eclipse calculator on the back of a German astrolabe dated 1483 (#8508 = #492 - Florence MSS)
W The procedures for determining an eclipse using the markings on an albion
3 Remnants of a sine quadrant from an albion on the back of a late Italian astrolabe (#8509 = #3000 - Basle HM)

7. Luni-solar gear mechanisms and volvelles

1 A gear mechanism on a French astrolabe from ca. 1300 (#8510 = #198 - London SM)
2 An early volvelle (#8511 - Oxford MC)
3 Miscellaneous volvelles

8. Organa Ptolemei and "de Rojas-type" dials

1 Four fifteenth-century German astrolabes with an organum Ptolemei
W On the use of the organum Ptolemei for timekeeping
2 A sixteenth-century German organum Ptolemei with a rectangular frame for twilight (#8512 - Munich DM)
3 Various "de Rojas"-type dials on late European astrolabes
* A Flemish organum Ptolemii dated 1804 (#8517 - Liège MVW)

9. Rectangular dials

1 A late-fifteenth-century German dial (#8513 = #5524 - Bielefeld)
W On the use of the Regiomontanus dial for timekeeping
2 A rectangular dial by Georg Hartmann dated 1549 (#8514 = #5525 - London SM)
3 A rectangular dial by Caspar Vopel dated 1551 (#8515 - London BM)
4 A rectangular dial by Christian Heiden dated 1553 (#8516 - Oxford MHS)
5 Miscellaneous later dials

10. Naviculae de Venetiis / lytel schippes of Venyse

1 Fourteenth-century English (#8536 - Greenwich NMM)
2 Fourteenth-century English (#8537 - Geneva MHS)
3 Fourteenth-century English, 1787 illustration (#8538 - PLU, formerly Colchester)
4 Fifteenth-century English, crudely finished (#8531 - Oxford MHS)
5 Fifteenth-century English, defective (#8533 - Florence MSS)
W On the use of the navicula de Venetiis
6 A navicula made by Orontius Finus (Orence Fine) in 1524 (#8532 - Milan MPP)
7 A navicula made by the Arsenius brothers in Cologne and dated 1581 (#8534 - destroyed)
8 A navicula made by Samuel Foster (?) (#8535 - Cambridge WMHS)

11. Nocturnals

1 Miscellaneous nocturnals on various unsigned undated (fifteenth-century (?)) simple compendia
2 Miscellaneous nocturnals on various compendia signed or associated with Hans Dorn
3 A German (?) nocturnal from ca. 1500 (#8551 - Nuremberg GNM)
W Timekeeping at night using a nocturnal
3 Two nocturnals by Vulparia

a) Dated 1511 (#8552 - Florence MSS)
b) Dated 1516 (#8553 - Greenwich NMM)

4 Miscellaneous late-sixteenth-century nocturnals (selected)

a) Signed by Humphrey Cole (London, ca. 1580) (#8554 = #305 - London BM)

12. Phebilabia

1 Three fifteenth-century German rectangular plates for timekeeping by the moon and finding the lord of the ascendant (#8561-8563 - Nuremberg GNM)
2 Ditto (#8564 - Bressanone)
W On some sixteenth-century German treatises on phebilabia

13. Compendia

1 A fifteenth-century (?) French compendium (#8601 - Oxford MHS)
* A fifteenth-century English (?) compendium (#8602 - Oxford MHS)
* A fifteenth-century compendium (#8604 - Oxford MHS)
* Fragments of three English compendia from ca. 1500

a) A compass-box (?) (#8604 - Oxford MHS)
b) A horizontal dial with gnomon (#8605 - Oxford MHS)
c) An English universal equatorial dial (#8606 - London BM)

* A German compendium dated 1481 (#8607 - Oxford MHS)
* Some compendia by Hans Dorn

a) Dated **** (#8608 - Munich BNM)
b) A fake dated "1479" (#8609 - Chicago AP)
b) Dated 1491 (#250 = #8610 - London BM)

* A compendium by Christoph Schissler (#8611 - **)
* A French compendium (sun- and moon-dial, nocturnal and compass) dated 1588 (#8612 - London BM)

14. Miscellanea

1 A fifteenth-century German wind-rose (#8565 - Nuremberg GNM)
2 A fifteenth-century German wind-vane (#8566 - London BM)

X: Some fake European instruments

1 A fake astrolabe with a zoomorphic rete
2 A fake Hartmann astrolabe
3 A fake Dante astrolabe
W Features of fake instruments
4 A fake "Hans Dorn"-type compendium
5 Some fake astrolabes "signed" by Johannes Bos
6 Some fake European astrolabes from the "Bombay school"
W Known schools of European fakers