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2019, Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
አህፅሮት በምስራቅና በዯቡብ አፍሪካ ሀገሮች የበቆልን ምርታማነትን ከሚቀንሱ ተግዳሮቶች መካከሌ ዝቅተኛ የአፈር ሇምነት በዋናነት የሚጠቀስ ነው፡፡ ይህ የምርምር ስራ ዝቅተኛ የአፈር ሇምነትን (ዝቅተኛ የናይትሮጂን መጠን በአፈር ውስጥ) የመቌቌም ባህሪ እንዲሁም በፕሮቲን መጠናቸው የበሇፀጉ የበቆል ዘረ-መልችን በግብኣትነት ተጠቅሟሌ፡፡ ከዘረ መልቹ የተገኙት ድቃዮች ከወሊጆቻቸው በወረሱት ባህሪይ ምክንያት በዝቅተኛ የአፈር ሇምነት (የናይትሮጅን መጠን) እንዲሁም በቂ የናይትሮጅን መጠን ባሇው አፈር ሊይ የምርታማነታቸውን ሁኔታ ሇማጥናት ዒሊማ አድርጎ ወዯ ስራ ተገብቷሌ፡፡ በጥናቱ ውስጥ 106 በፕሮቲን የበሇፀጉ የሙከራ ድቃዮች እንዲሁም በምርት ሊይ የሚገኙ አራት ዝርያዎች (ሁሇት በፕሮቲን የበሇፀጉ ዝርያዎች እንዲሁም ሁሇት በፕሮቲን ያሌበሇፀጉ ዝርያዎች) ሇማነፃፀሪያነት አካተን በአምቦና በባኮ ግብርና ምርምር ማዕከሊት ውስጥ በሁሇት ሇም በሆኑ (በቂ የናይትሮጅን መጠን ባሊቸው) እንዲሁም በሁሇት ሇም አፈር ባሌሆኑ (በቂ የናይትሮጅን መጠን በላሊቸው) በአጠቃሊ በአራት የሙከራ ቦታዎች ሊይ ተዘርተው ጥናቱ ተካሂዷሌ፡፡ በዚህም መሰረት ሇጥናቱ አስፈሉጊ የሆኑ መረጃዎች ተሰበሰቡ፡፡ የተሰበሰቡ መረጃዎችን ሇማስሊት አስፈሉጊ የስታትስቲክስ ፓኬጆችን በመጠቀም እንዲሰለ ተዯርጎ በሙከራ ዝርያዎቹ መካከሌ የተሰበሰበውን መረጃ ስላት መንስዔ በማድረግ የባህሪ ሌዩነት እንዳሇ ተረጋገጠ፡፡ በመሆኑም የጥናቱን ውጤት መነሻ በማድረግ በጥናቱ ውስጥ ከተካተቱ 106 የሙከራ ድቅዮች 10 በመቶ የሚሆኑት ሇማነፃፀሪያ ከምንገሇገሌበት በፕሮቲን ከበሇፀገው ዲቃሊ ዝርያ (ZS261) እንዲሁም 79 በመቶ ሇማነፃፀሪያ ከምንገሇገሌበት በፕሮቲን ካሌበሇፀገው ዲቃሊ ዝርያ (SC627) የሊቀ ምርት አስገኝ...
Field Crops Research
Protein quality and endosperm modification of quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) under two contrasting soil nitrogen environments2011 •
Quality Protein Maize (QPM) varieties are rich in lysine and tryptophan, but suffer reduced grain yield (GY) in West and Central Africa (WCA) due to low soil nitrogen (low-N) and intermittent drought stress (DS). Development of stress tolerant QPM hybrids will enhance sustainable maize production and improve nutritional health in WCA. Knowledge of combining ability, gene action and heterotic grouping of QPM inbred lines are crucial to successful breeding strategies for the development of superior hybrids with enhanced nutritional values. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the combining ability for GY and other yield traits among 13 newly developed QPM inbred lines, (ii) assign the QPM inbred lines to distinct heterotic groups based on general combining ability effects of multiple traits (HGCAMT) (iii) assess GY performance and yield stability of the single-cross hybrids generated from the inbred lines and (iv) examine the interrelationships among traits contributing...
2014 •
2010 •
Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare
Review on Quality Protein Maize Breeding for Ethiopia2016 •
Maize (Zea mays L. ) is a major cereal crops in the World and stable food crops in developing countries. But almost all maize varieties cultivated in the Ethiopia are normal maize varieties, which are deficiency of essential amino acids such as lysine and tryptophan and exposed to malnutrition people feed maize as stable food. Due to this reason substituting the normal maize grown in developing country with QPM would substantially improve the protein status and greatly reduce the malnutrition problems of resource poor people depending on maize as staple food. Quality protein maize (QPM) is a maize variety that possesses significantly higher levels of two essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan as compared to Normal Maize (NM) varieties, to the presence of the opaque-2 gene in a homozygous recessive state. Maize breeders began transferring opaque-2 genes into local maize varieties , and they enthusiastically rushed the new crop into production .The breeding of ...
Drought and nitrogen (N) tolerance quality protein maize (QPM) could serve as a succor for malnourishment in the Sub-Saharan Africa, and adoption should be intensified where resource poor farmers cannot afford N fertilizer and drought on maize at grain filling stage is frequent. This study compares the quality index, protein, tryptophan and lysine contents of normal extra-early drought-tolerant and their quality protein maize hybrids under sub-optimal and optimal soil N conditions. Four normal drought-tolerant and their respective QPM hybrids were planted under no (0 kg N ha-1), low (30 kg N ha-1) and optimal (90 kg N ha-1) fertilizations at Oke Oyi, Ilorin in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. The trials were set up in a split plot arrangement with the N rates as main plot and the eight cultivars as sub-plots. Each plot within N levels was four-row, laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The normal cultivars outyielded the QPM versions across N rates with no significance difference. There is a linear increase in all protein qualities with increase in N rates among QPM, while normal maize counterparts had a linear decline with increase in N fertilization. The QPM cultivars also maintained their endosperm protein qualities across N rates. Across N environments, the grain quality characters, such as crude protein, tryptophan, and lysine contents in grain, showed a significant negative relationship with grain yields, which were relatively much stronger under low-N stress. 99TY, TYEEC4, 99TYQ and 20SYNEEWQ have viable traits that could be explored for the development of maize varieties with good grain yield and better protein qualities to improve protein availability in maize based diets and feed for large population of man and livestock.
Maydica
Biochemical and agronomic performance of quality protein maize hybrids adapted to temperate regionsQuality protein maize (QPM) is high lysine (tryptophan) maize with hard endosperm and good agronomic performance. QPM was developed primarily for utilization in tropical and sub-tropical regions where maize is a staple food. Its adaptation and cultivation in temperate areas is still not fully developed, although QPM could have merits for production and consumption in developed parts of the world, especially as animal feed. Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje has a program on developing QPM genotypes for growing in temperate regions. The objective of our research was initial screening of 72 hybrids (derived from crosses between QPM lines adapted to temperate environments and three commercial lines with standard kernel quality) for kernel modification, tryptophan and protein contents, quality index (QI) and grain yield. Five hybrids with high tryptophan content (0.071 to 0.081%) and yield at the level of standard hybrids (96 - 114%) were identified. Protein content ranged from 10 to ...
An increase in the average global temperature and drought is anticipated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as a result of climate change. Therefore, early white quality protein maize (QPM) hybrids with tolerance to combined drought and heat stress (CDHS) as well as low soil nitrogen (low-nitrogen) have the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. Ninety-six early QPM hybrids and four checks were evaluated in Nigeria for two years under CDHS, low-nitrogen, and in optimal environments. The objectives of this study were to determine the gene action conditioning grain yield, assess the performance of the early QPM inbred lines and identify high yielding and stable QPM hybrids under CDHS, low-nitrogen and optimal environment conditions. There was preponderance of the non-additive gene action over the additive in the inheritance of grain yield under CDHS environment conditions, while additive gene action was more important for grain yield in a low-nitrogen environment. TZEQI...
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