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A mathematical theory of communication

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1 Author(s)
C. E. Shannon

The recent development of various methods of modulation such as PCM and PPM which exchange bandwidth for signal-to-noise ratio has intensified the interest in a general theory of communication. A basis for such a theory is contained in the important papers of Nyquist1 and Hartley2 on this subject. In the present paper we will extend the theory to include a number of new factors, in particular the effect of noise in the channel, and the savings possible due to the statistical structure of the original message and due to the nature of the final destination of the information.

Published in:

The Bell System Technical Journal  (Volume:27 ,  Issue: 3 )
Page(s):
379 - 423
ISSN :
0005-8580
DOI:
10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
Date of Publication :
July 1948
Date of Current Version :
Tue Apr 29 00:00:00 EDT 2014
Issue Date :
July 1948
Publisher:
Alcatel-Lucent