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Cytorus is a city and mountain in Paphlagonia,
northern Asia Minor. They were named after Cytorus (also
called Cytisorus or Cylindrus), son of Phrixus 1, son of
Athamas 1. In this and adjacent
areas around the river Parthenius lived the Paphlagonian
Eneti, allies of Troy during the
Trojan War, who were led by
Bisaltes' son Pylaemenes 1, who was killed by
Menelaus during the war.
Pylaemenes 1's son Harpalion 1 followed his father to the
war and was killed by Meriones 1. Box-wood abounded round
Cytorus, and the shuttle with which
Athena stroke
Arachne's head was made of
Cytorian box-wood [Arg.2.942; Hom.Il.2.853; Ov.Met.6.132;
Strab.12.3.5, 12.3.10].
Eleutherae was a city between Attica and Boeotia
not far away from the foot of Mount Cithaeron, but today is
called Kaza and is in Attica. It was in a cave near
Eleutherae that Antiope 3, after giving birth, placed her
babies Amphion 1 and Zethus.
Some have believed that the name of this city ("Free town")
derives from Eleuther 1, son of
Apollo and Aethusa; but others
have thought that it was named after Eleuther 2 who, having
no share in the crime committed by his father
Lycaon 2, fled from
Arcadia to Boeotia. Others have
said that the epithet of Dionysus
2 "Dionysus Eleuthereus" (in Latin "Liber Pater", "Free
Father") came originally from the name of this town
[Apd.3.5.5; Pau.1.38.8-9; Plu.GQ.39; Plu.RQ.104;
Strab.8.6.16; 9.2.31]
Sesamus or Sesamon is a city in
Paphlagonia, northern Asia Minor, belonging to the
Paphlagonian Eneti, who were allies of
Troy during the
Trojan War, and were led by
Bisaltes' son Pylaemenes 1, killed by
Menelaus in the course of the
war. Pylaemenes 1's son Harpalion 1 followed his father to
the war and was killed by Meriones 1 [Arg.2.941;
Hom.Il.2.853; Strab.12.3.10].
Taenarum, named after one Taenarus, is the middle
one of the three southern Peloponnesian extremities. In
Taenarum was found one of the mouths of the descent to the
Underworld; but some,
disbelieving that the gods collect souls under the earth,
have said that a serpent lived on Taenarum, called the hound
of Hades because anyone bitten by
this beast died of the poison at once. This is the so called
hound, they say, that Heracles
1 fetched in the
Underworld, and not Cerberus
1, the three-headed hound of Hades.
Also Theseus and
Pirithous descended to the
Underworld throught the
entrance at Taenarum, when the latter wished to marry
Persephone. According to some
it was at Taenarum that the citharist
Arion 2 landed after being thrown
into the sea by pirates; and the statue of him that was
placed there, they say, had the likeness of the dolphin that
saved him by bringing him to the shore [see also
Corinth]. There was once a spring
on Taenarum, which showed harbors and ships to those who
looked into the water, until the day a woman, washing dirty
clothes in the spring, put an end to the marvel [Apd.2.5.12;
Arg.1.179, 3.1241; Hyg.Ast.17; Hyg.Fab.14, 79;
Pau.3.14.2, 3.25.5, 3.25.8; Strab.13.2.4]
Taras. Taras is the name of a river and a city in
southern Italy, both named after Taras, son of
Poseidon and a Nymph. There the
Spartan Phalanthus 1 founded the colony Tarentum (modern
Taranto). Phalanthus 1 was not fortunate at the beginning of
his war against the Tarentines. But when his wife Aethra 3,
seeing her husband's fortunes coming to nothing, wept
profusely on his head, he understood that the oracle that
had declared that he would win territory and city when he
felt rain under a cloudless sky, was being fulfilled. After
that he renewed his military efforts conquering the city
[Pau.10.10.8].
Termera. Termera or Termerum is in the promontory
called Termerium in the mainland opposite the island of Cos,
which is one of the Sporades (now Dodecanese), islands off
the southwestern coast of Asia Minor. King Xanthus 10 of
Termera received Apterus when he went into exile after
having murdered Lycastus 2. It is told that Lycastus 2 fell
in love with Eulimene 2 and consorted with her though her
father had already betrothed her to Apterus, who was at the
time the most famous man among the Cretans. Eulimene 2 was
daughter of Cydon 1, founder of Cydonia in
Crete and son of Tegeates, son of
impious Lycaon 2. During the
reign of Cydon 1 several Cretan cities revolted against him
and Cydon 1 inquired of the oracle which course of action he
could take in order to win the war. The oracle answered that
he must sacrifice a virgin and the king, having let lots be
cast upon all the virgins in his realm, was confronted with
the fact that the fatal lot fell upon his own daughter. The
girl's lover Lycastus 2 then, wishing to save her life,
confessed that Eulimene 2 was no longer a virgin since he
had made love to her. Nevertheless the assembly voted that
she must die, and when she had been sacrificed Cydon 1
ordered her belly to be cut through by the navel and when
this had been done, she was found to be with child. When it
became clear that Lycastus 2 and Eulimene 2 had been lovers,
Apterus, feeling outraged, laid an ambush and murdered
Lycastus 2, and for that reason he was sent into exile to
Termera [Parth.35; Strab.14.2.18.].
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