Basic Principles

The Passivhaus standard is sometimes confused with more generic approaches to passive solar architecture, with which it shares some common principles.  Where the Passivhaus standard differs from more generic concepts is in its ability to reduce the permitted space heating demand and primary energy consumption. It can therefore be considered both as a robust energy performance specification and a holistic low energy design concept.

In a Passivhaus thermal comfort is achieved to the greatest practical extent through the use of passive measures listed below which can be applied not only to the residential sector but also to commercial, industrial and public buildings.

• good levels of insulation with minimal thermal bridges
• passive solar gains and internal heat sources
• excellent level of airtightness
• good indoor air quality, provided by a whole house mechanical ventilation system with highly efficient heat recovery

There are no strict requirements with respect to domestic hot water; lighting and appliance consumption the standard imposes an overall limit on the Primary Energy consumption which promotes energy efficiency in all of these areas.

Indicative section through a Passivhaus. Subsoil heat exchanger: Optional