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SCARABS
Page 1
SCARABS
WITHIN THIS ISSUE
Gnorimus and Trichius... 1
Dynastids of France ......... 9
Pascal Stéfani .................. 14
In Past Years XXX .......... 15
Bug People IV.................. 20
EDITORS
Rich Cunningham
Scarab349@aol.com
Barney Streit
barneystreit@hotmail.
com
BACK ISSUES
Available At These Sites:
Coleopterists Society
www.coleopsoc.org/de-
fault.asp?Action=Show_
Resources&ID=Scarabs
University of Nebraska
www-museum.unl.edu/
research/entomology/
Scarabs-Newsletter.htm
Print ISSN 1937-8343 Online ISSN 1937-8351
Occasional Issue Number 47
January, 2010
LB DP SN DI IL RB MZ YD HG PH KY
The Genera Gnorimus and Trichius from
France to the Middle-Orient
by Olivier Décobert and Pascal Stéfani
oldec@wanadoo.fr
stefanipascal@free.fr
In France, we have three genera of
scarabs in the subfamily Trichinae,
itself included in the cetonids:
there are Gnorimus, Trichius, and
Osmoderma. Osmoderma has a
single species, O. eremita (Scopoli,
1763) which is protected by law
and not included in this article.
Historically, there was a
nomenclatural conflict between
Gnorimus (Le Peletier de Saint
Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1828)
and Aleurostictus (Kirby, 1827).
In 2008, the resolution was
published on http://beetlebloguk.
blogspot.com: “The International
Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature has just ruled
to suppress the senior name
Aleurostictus for Gnorimus, and
only use Gnorimus from now on,
for species such as our rare noble
chafer. In 1827, Kirby described
a new taxon called Aleurostictus.
The following year (1828), Le
Peletier described Gnorimus,
based on the same taxon,
apparently not knowing that it had
already been named. Le Peletier’s
work became better known, and
the scientific community began to
refer to the ‘beast with two names’
as Gnorimus (the junior name)
rather than Aleurostictus (the
senior name). 150 years later, the
error was noticed. At this stage the
name Gnorimus was in universal
Pascal Stéfani from France is a new
contributor. We have included a short
biography of Pascal which can be
found on page 14 of this issue.

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use and the name Aleurosticus was forgotten. Finally a successful application was put to the
Commission to suppress Aleurostictus, and the use of the junior, but prevalent, name Gnorimus
to be used from now on. Anyone interested in this subject should check out the Bulletin of
Zoological Nomenclature.”
After reading the article by Andrew Smith (see bibliography) and a confirmation on the ICZN
Internet site (source: http://www.iczn.org/final_paragraph_examples.html), this article will
definitively be about our Gnorimus from France or elsewhere.
Two species are found in France: Gnorimus nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Gnorimus variabilis
(Linnaeus, 1758).
Gnorimus nobilis (Linnaeus) – Mont Aigoual in the South of France (green-typical and red form).
Gnorimus nobilis macedonicus (Macedonia).

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Gnorimus nobilis rare chromatic forms (purple on the left) from the Gorges du Verdon – South of France.
Gnorimus nobilis bicolored form.
Habitat of the purple form of Gnorimus nobilis in the South of France (Gorges du Verdon).

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The color of G. nobilis is structural (see Scarabs #35 for the genus Protaetia and Scarabs #42 for
European Cetonids) and because of the existence of different wavelengths of the light spectrum,
this species can also be blue or black (to give two examples) but these are rarely found in nature.
Bicolored forms also exist. Its size can vary between 14 and 23 mm. G. nobilis is often seen on
flowers in the summer.
G. variabilis can be differentiated from G. nobilis by its size and general shape. But for that
species, the variability is associated with the density of the marks seen on the cuticle. Sometimes,
there is absolutely nothing and the pronotum and elytra are black. But habitually, G. variabilis
has white or yellow spots on the elytra. More rarely, these marks can occupy a large area and
yield spectacular forms of this insect.
Typical Gnorimus variabilis. Atypical Gnorimus variabilis (male & female) without spots.
Rare white and yellow forms of Gnorimus variabilis.

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G. variabilis , contrary to G. nobilis, is rarely seen and it is often necessary to use traps baited
with wine and bananas (see Scarabs #36) to collect this species. It can also be found in tree
cavities, in decaying wood, where the larvae feed, and can be collected for breeding.
As one can see from the previous photographs, males of Gnorimus can be differentiated of
females by their curved tibiae of the middle leg.
Le Masbonnet, Department of Lozère- South of France, and surrounding forest rich in chestnut trees in
autumn. Habitat of Gnorimus variabilis.
Hollow chestnut trees. In these cavities, there is decaying wood where larvae of Gnorimus variabilis
can grow. Adults are sometimes seen in these places.

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Leaving France and going toward the southeast, other Gnorimus appear in Turkey: G. armeniacus
(Reitter, 1887) and G. bartelsi (Faldermann, 1836). The species G. subcostatus (Ménétriès, 1832),
is found in Azerbaïdjan and Iran.
Gnorimus bartelsi.
Gnorimus subcostatus.
There is another European species endemic in Sicily (the island between southern Italy and
North Africa): G. decempunctatus (Helf, 1833). The North-African G. baborensis (Bedel, 1919) is
endemic to Algeria.
Gnorimus decempunctatus (typical and orange form).
Three other Gnorimus exist in Asia (China, Korea, Thailand, Vietnam) and far-eastern Russia.
The last species of this genus is found in North America: Gnorimus maculosus (Knoch, 1801),
surely well known by most of readers of Scarabs!
Nevertheless, the nomenclature has recently been changed for that species, because one reads
Gnorimella maculosa in the Checklist and Nomenclatural Authority File of the Scarabaeoidea of
the Nearctic Realm by Andrew Smith (Canadian Museum of Nature).

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There are three species of the genus Trichius (Fabricius, 1775) in France: T. zonatus (Germar,
1829), T. sexualis (Bedel, 1906) and T. fasciatus (Linnaeus, 1758). These little scarabs are often
seen on flowers in the summer where they feed on pollen. They range in size between 8 and 14
mm.
Trichius zonatus.
Melanistic Trichius zonatus.
Trichius sexualis.
Trichius orientalis.
Trichius abdominalis.
Trichius fasciatus is found from Europa to Asia. T. sexualis is limited to Europa whereas the
range of T. zonatus extends from Europa to North Africa. In Turkey, the species T. orientalis
(Reitter, 1894) can be encountered and more toward the east, in Iran, there is T. abdominalis
(Menetr., 1832).

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Trichius fasciatus.
A good place to search for Trichius species (inset) which are
frequently seen on these flowers (here in Lozère).
Habitat of Trichius zonatus – Forest of
Montecot (west of Paris).
Bibliography:
DECHAMBRE R.-P. (2001) - Du bon usage du principe de
priorité ou pourquoi Gnorimus doit rester Gnorimus (Coleop-
tera, Cetoniidae, Trichiinae). L’Entomologiste 57(6):229–232.
SMITH A. (2004) - Clarification on the Nomenclatural Status
of Six Genus-Group Names in the Tribe Trichiini (Coleop-
tera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) - The Coleopterists Bulletin,
58(2):285–291.
TAUZIN P. (2000) - Le genre Aleurostictus Kirby, 1827:
Contribution à sa connaissance et précision sur la distribution
des espèces (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae, Trichiinae, Trichiini).
L’Entomologiste 56:231–281.

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Dynastids and Their Larvae in France
by Olivier Décobert
oldec@wanadoo.fr
At the end of December 2008, I was searching for beetles under stones in the South of France
when I found a scarab larva (Photo 1). It was about 35 mm long and I had no idea what species it
was. I collected this larva for breeding and put it in a box with decaying wood and bits of carrot,
because I suspected that it was eating roots under the stone.
It grew a little but did not molt. In the beginning of April, 2009, it transformed into a pupa
(Photo 2). Because of its size (20 mm) and the presence of a little horn, I now had a good idea of
the identity of the future scarab: Phyllognathus excavatus Forst. It was the first time I had seen
this insect.
Photo 1: Phyllognathus excavatus Forst. larva
Photo 2: Phyllognathus excavatus Forst. pupa
One month later, I obtained the adult and was able to verify that my identification was correct
(Photos 3 and 4). This little scarab belongs to the Dynastidae family.
Photos 3 and 4: Phyllognathus excavatus Forst. adult

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I had previously collected other French species and larvae in this scarab family. The most
impressive dynastid of my country is Oryctes nasicornis Linnaeus. In Scarabs #28, I showed a
male found in the North of France and wrote that this species is generally bigger in the South.
Photo 5 depicts a 40 mm male and Photos 6 & 7 show a larva (second instar-35 mm and third
instar-60 mm) I found in the same southern region in decaying wood.
Photo 5: Oryctes nasicornis Linnaeus
Photos 6 (second instar) and 7 (third instar) larvae of Oryctes nasicornis Linnaeus

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After Phyllognathus and Oryctes, we have still two other French genera in the Dynastidae family:
Calicnemis and Pentodon.
Calicnemis latreilli Castelnau is a small (13-17 mm) and very localized dynastid: it can only be
found on the coast in the southern part of my country. Its larva grows in pieces of wood which
lie along the beaches. It becomes rarer and rarer because of the cleaning of beaches linked to
tourism. I never saw a living adult but did find a larva (size about 20 mm) on a Southern beach
near the town of Argelès (region of Perpignan), in February 2009 (Photos 8 & 9). Unfortunately, it
died quickly as this species is not easy to rear in captivity.
Photos 8 & 9: Calicnemis latreilli Castelnau (larva)
Photo 10: Calicnemis latreilli Castelnau (pair)
Photo by Pascal Stéfani
A second species of French Calicnemis was described in 1996 (C. atlanticus Mosconi) but it
might be a subspecies of C latreilli. The general aspect is similar.

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The last genus is Pentodon (Photo 11). Here, we have two species in this genus. Their sizes are
between 17 and 26 mm. I have collected Pentodon bidens Pallas (Photo 11-right). The other
French Dynastid I have never found (adult or larva) is Pentodon algerinus Herbst which is very
closely related to P. bidens.
Photo 11: Pentodon sp. and Pentodon bidens Pallas
Photo 12 – Crest, a small town in the South-East of France that is the habitat of Pentodon
bidens Pallas

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Pentodon bidens has a large distribution in the South of France. The last time I found this
species was in April 2004 in the town of Crest (Photo 12). This scarab had been attracted to light
and was on the ground, along the road, where I saw it during an evening walk.
A mystery to finish: in August 1989, I found a Pentodon (Photo 11, left) ten kilometers from the
town of Béziers. It was on the sandy coast, dead and in a bad state. For a long time, I had this
scarab identified as P. idiota Herbst, a third Pentodon given as a French species in past years, but
this has not been recently confirmed. It could also be an aberrant P. bidens or P. algerinum. In
this locality, these scarabs dig in the sand, and this behavior results in abrasion of the head and
protibiae, making identification of this specimen uncertain.
I have never seen the larvae of Pentodon, which live in the ground and feed on roots. This will be
my next challenge for French dynastids, I suppose!
My daughter Emilie
holding two Oryctes
nasicornis larvae.
Boxes I use for rearing
Oryctes nasicornis larvae.

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Pascal Stéfani is an amateur entomologist and
animal painter. He was born in the North of
France in 1974 and has been deeply interested
in nature since childhood. Fascinated by
reptiles and amphibians at first, he quickly
enlarged his field of interest, encouraged by his
nature-loving parents, and began to study and
collect insects. Today entomology has become
a consuming passion and is an important
aspect of his life and of his family.
Pascal would have liked to engage in
scientific studies and become a professional
entomologist or researcher. Unfortunately
(by his own admission) was not as proficient
in mathematics as he needed to be. Instead,
he followed his second life-long passion and
enrolled in a renowned art school, the Institut
Saint Luc in Belgium, where he enjoyed
training in advanced graphics. Valedictorian
of his class, he quickly found a job as an
illustrator. It was only later on, working on a
pedagogic farm (this is a classic farm where
animals are seen by children or other people
who come to visit, and explanations are
given to visitors by the owners of the farm or
their employees; teaching is the objective, not
productivity) where he was able to combine his
two passions in designing pedagogic panels,
which are like a black board in a school, for
writing explanations for visitors, generally
accompanied by drawings and photos.
In 2000 Pascal started working for a protestant
charity association, where he taught a drawing
and photography classes. He helped to
accomplish a great number artistic projects
and the management of the association also
allowed him to perfect his scientific drawing
skills through a series of training courses in
the National Museum of Natural History in
Paris between 2005 and 2007. At first Pascal
worked in the Great Evolution Gallery, tutored
by Mr. Pascal Le Roch, and later on, in the
Entomology Department thanks to Professor
Jean Legrand and the advice of Gilbert
Hodebert.
Some of the illustrations he executed during
these training courses have been published
in the magazine of the French Entomologic
Society, in collaboration with Dr. Thierry
Deuve and Dr. Olivier Montreuil - see Pascal’s
illustration below:
At the same time, he has written a number of
articles and notes in several French entomology
publications, while continuing his field research
with other entomologists such as Olivier
Décobert. This remains his favorite activity.
In March 2009 the association, struck by
the economic crisis, had to let him go. Since
then he has been trying to establish himself
as an independent painter and illustrator. In
order to develop his business, he does a lot
of networking and organizes exhibitions. At
the same time, he continues to teach drawing
classes for several associations. His greatest
dream is to become a full-time scientific
illustrator. This contribution to Scarabs might
be a first step. Already a father and awaiting
a second child, this project has become a
necessity. Pascal is open to and grateful for all
your proposals.

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In Past Years - XXX - 1985
by Henry F. Howden
henry.howden@rogers.com
We spent a rare summer and
autumn in Ottawa, writing papers
and collecting locally. We also
had another encounter with
bureaucracy at Carleton University.
When I was originally hired, I was
promised a half-time secretary who
would be able to take dictation.
Having some experience with
universities over the years, I had
this in writing. After a few years,
every new administration from
the department head upwards,
tried to take away the position.
I said that all they had to do was
renegotiate my contract, add the
secretary’s salary to mine and I
would hire a replacement myself.
This argument went on for some
years, since only administrators
were supposed to have secretaries.
Finally, some administrator with
a slightly elevated IQ, decided
to make me director of the
“Evolutionary and Systematic
Unit”, which consisted of Stewart
and Jarmila Peck and Anne and
me. This made the administration
happy, and all I had to do was write
a report on the “Unit’s” activities
every year. I took some pleasure
in pointing out that in most years
the Unit and associated graduate
students published more than many
of the larger “units”. This calmed
my dislike of having to do what I
considered useless: administration.
Before Clarke Scholtz left to return
to South Africa he extended an
invitation to some of the Ottawa
entomologists to visit him in
December. The result was that
seven of us, Stewart and Jarmila
Peck (beetles), Eugene Munroe
(moths), Bill Mason (parasitic
wasps), Mike Sanbourne (wasps)
and Anne and I, flew to South
Africa, leaving Ottawa on
December 5, 1985.
We stayed in Pretoria (Photo 8)
until December 10, collecting,
visiting the Transvaal Museum,
renting a car and getting supplies.
For the first two days it rained
hard, which was fine for some
insect activity, but kept us indoors.
We left Pretoria in two cars (one,
a University van driven by Clarke
and the second, a rented car which
I drove), arriving in Graskop on the
eastern escarpment about 3 PM. As
soon as we were settled in cabins in
a tourist park, we went collecting 4
km southwest of town and set traps
Photo 8: Pretoria, South Africa; not the view of an
African city usually shown in the news!

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Photo 9: Graskop; not a scenic picture but it shows that
when it rained, it poured.
Photo 10: Clarke collecting in Kruger while the
attending ranger stood by with Clarke’s weapon.
in a wooded area. A black light at
the cabin attracted one coprid, one
dynastid, a number of melolonthids,
some cerambycids and other
Coleoptera.
The next morning we went back
to our trap site 4 km southwest of
town, checked out traps and set up a
flight intercept trap (FIT). It started
to rain as we finished setting up the
FIT and we returned to town. It
poured (Photo 9) until 3 PM, then
stopped long enough for us to return
to our trap area. All traps were OK,
but the yield was only two dung
beetles.
The evening and following
morning were windy and cool with
intermittent drizzle. We left Graskop
and drove to Skukuza in Kruger
National Park. As before, we had
permission to collect, as long as
we were accompanied by a ranger
(Photo 10) with a gun. Traps were
set and a black light placed near our
cabin yielded one ceratocanthid, one
trogid, two dynastids and a number
of melolonthids.
After two days we moved to Satara,
another camp in Kruger. Dung
beetles were plentiful in both
localities, and approximately 20
species were collected in elephant
and rhino (Photo 11) dung! Cetonids
were moderately common, many
being collected at our fruit baits.
I must admit that, at times, Anne
and I enjoyed merely observing the
animals and birds from the safety of
the car-just like regular tourists!
Two days later we left Kruger
and drove to the Gurnsey Farm
Photo 11: One of the animals in Kruger National Park
that we preferred to observe from a car.

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Photo 12: Our group at the Gurnsey Game Farm. From
left to right: Stewart Peck, Clarke Scholtz, Bill Mason,
Jarmila Peck, Eugene Munroe, Anne Howden and Mike
Sanbourne.
Photo 13: The main building at the “Farm” including
kitchen and outside ossuary.
(Photo12), 15 km east of Klaserie.
The “farm” was not a typical farm,
more of a game farm (Photo 13)
where different “game” could be
shot during the hunting season - at
a price which differed according
to the trophy that was desired.
Normally, no elephants were on
the farm, which was adjacent to
Kruger, but elephants and the
occasional lion did get through
the Park fence onto the farm. We
no longer had a guard standing by
with a gun, so we generally stayed
clear of dense thickets. Fortunately,
no one was bitten by anything
larger than a mosquito during our
two-week stay. We used the farm
as a base and took frequent trips
to localities along the escarpment
(Photo 14) above the coastal plane.
Several steep ravines which cut
into the escarpment had remnants
of wet forest (Photo 15) with some
endemic scarabs. The forests were
interesting habitats, but difficult
to work in, made more so by being
protected, some with permits
required. We frequently emptied
our traps at Graskop which
continued to yield the occasional
odd scarab. General collecting
was great, only the lack of
bolboceratines put a slight dent in
my enthusiasm. At the Game Farm
my FIT turned up one surprise
(Photo 16) in the form of the largest
Solifugae (“sun spider”) that I had
ever seen. I had seen large ones
in western Texas along the Rio
Grande, but the African specimens
were at least twice as large and even
less friendly looking!
One of our excursions involved a
day’s collecting along the top of
the escarpment, including a place
called “God’s Window”. Some
readers may recall the excellent
film called The Gods Must Be Crazy
which involved the Bushmen and a
Coke bottle. I would not mention
this, except the film ended by
the bottle being thrown off the
escarpment at “God’s Window”
(Photo 17). According to the film,
the tribe thought the edge of the
escarpment represented the end
of the world, or at least the end of

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Photo 14: The Escarpment as seen from the Gurnsey
Game Farm.
Photo 15: Moist forest in one of the ravines in the
Escarpment.
their world! It was and is impressive
and collecting on some flowering
plants produced some different
cetonids. Later, as often happened,
we had a heavy rain which ended
collecting for the day.
Our stay at the game farm ended
on New Year’s Day. Clarke said that
our group of Canadians drank more
beer than any group he had ever
seen. Our excuse was that we came
from a cold climate and needed
extra liquid to cope with the heat!
This explanation was greeted with
considerable doubt.
On January 1 we drove back to
Pretoria in the rain and fog. The
next day I converted $600 U.S. to
1,511 Rand to pay for our rented car
which was obtained from one of the
companies that was also in North
America. Apparently they didn’t like
to handle cash, and I had a difficult
time getting the clerk to put “Paid”
on my bill. Fortunately, Clarke was
with me because a month later I
received a bill for the car rental. It
took a photocopy of the bill and
Clarke’s address before I finally
settled the matter. The following day
we left at 5 PM for the flight back
to Canada. Twelve hours later (5
AM South Africa time - 2 AM local
time) we landed at the rather dingy,
small airport on the Isle du Sal in
the cluster of islands known as
Cape Verde. We were supposed to
just refuel and fly on to New York.
Instead, we sat on the plane until
about 8 AM local time when we
were told that the plane needed a
part which had to be flown in from
Spain! We were also told that there
was no way to make an international
phone call from the airport, so
people meeting our plane would be
told of the delay in New York; as for
Ottawa, we were out of luck! There
was no large hotel that could house
all the people from a full 747 and we

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Photo 16: A lovely Solifugae or “sun spider”; only a
mother would say “handsome !” Photograph by Bruce
Gill of a specimen he collected in central Africa.
Photo 17: God’s Window on the Escarpment; bushmen
supposedly considered it the end of the World!
were not let off of the plane because
there was also a Cuban Airline
plane on the ground. I am still not
sure why we were kept on the plane;
did they think we might want to go
to Cuba or start shooting at each
other?
About 10 AM we were told that
busses would take us to the
nearby beach and we would then
have lunch! It turned out to be
an elaborate affair - tables with
silverware furnished by the nearby,
small beach hotel. About 2 or 3 PM
we had a hot meal with wine and
other drinks; later we learned that
all supplies were brought from our
plane. Anne and I took advantage
of some free time to wander in
the dunes to see what fauna might
be there; we just happened to
have several acetate vials with
us - surprising, eh! The Isle lived
up to its name - it was one of the
most desolate places we had seen:
volcanic ash and sand with a few
tufts of vegetation scattered in low
areas. There were no trees except
those planted and watered: so
much for the “verde”. Our search
for beetles yielded one tenebrionid
and one coccinelid. We all returned
to the plane at dusk, and finally
departed for New York a short
time later. There was no food on
the plane, we had eaten it all on the
beach! However, I was too tired to
care and for the first time ever went
to sleep shortly after take off and
was awakened just before we landed
in New York. At 1 AM local time we
were put in a motel (after making
some phone calls). The next day we
were lucky to get a flight to Ottawa,
arriving at 5 PM. The joys of air
travel! “Time to spare, go by air”.

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Bug People IV
from the Secret Files of Henry Howden
Answers: Laurent LeSage (Chrysomelids), Mike Sanborne (Hymenoptera), Ales Smetana
(Staphs), David Larson (water beetles), Milton Campbell (Staphs & Alleculids).
How well do you know Canadian entomologists? This photograph was taken in 1985 at the
Howden’s former home at 23 Trillium Avenue in Ottawa.
Left: French Canadian Chrysomelid worker at the Canadian National Collection interested in
chrysomelid feeding habits as well as their systematics.
Rear: Did his Master of Science degree on the biology of the New York Weevil (Ithyceridae); his Ph.D.
was on Hymenoptera. For some time was curator of insects at the Lyman Entomological Museum,
MacDonald College, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Québec, part of McGill University. Died early in the
nineties.
Wearing tie: Works on Staphylinidae at the Canadian National Collection, now retired but is still active
and at the CNC most days.
Brown shirt: Mostly water beetles. University professor in Newfoundland; now retired and living in
western Canada.
Right: Did his Ph.D. on Alleculidae (comb-clawed beetles) in Urbana, Illinois, then moved to work in
the CNC (Ottawa) on staphylinids - very prolific. Retired early and moved to Kentucky to run the family
farm.